perhapsnotaboveathirdorafourthofthecapitalwhichatpresentcarriesonthisgreatround—abouttrademighthavebeensufficienttocarryonallthosesmalldirectones，mighthavekeptinconstantemploymentanequalquantityofBritishindustry，andhaveequallysupportedtheannualproduceofthelandandlabourofGreatBritain。Allthepurposesofthistradebeing，inthismanner，answeredbyamuchsmallercapital，therewouldhavebeenalargesparecapitaltoapplytootherpurposes:toimprovethelands，toincreasethemanufactures，andtoextendthecommerceofGreatBritain;tocomeintocompetitionatleastwiththeotherBritishcapitalsemployedinallthosedifferentways，toreducetherateofprofitinthemall，andtherebytogivetoGreatBritain，inallofthem，asuperiorityoverothercountriesstillgreaterthanwhatsheatpresentenjoys。
Themonopolyofthecolonytrade，too，hasforcedsomepartofthecapitalofGreatBritainfromallforeigntradeofconsumptiontoacarryingtrade;andconsequently，fromsupportingmoreorlesstheindustryofGreatBritain，tobeemployedaltogetherinsupportingpartlythatofthecoloniesandpartlythatofsomeothercountries。
Thegoods，forexample，whichareannuallypurchasedwiththegreatsurplusofeighty—twothousandhogsheadsoftobaccoannuallyre—exportedfromGreatBritainarenotallconsumedinGreatBritain。Partofthem，linenfromGermanyandHolland，forexample，isreturnedtothecoloniesfortheirparticularconsumption。ButthatpartofthecapitalofGreatBritainwhichbuysthetobaccowithwhichthislinenisafterwardsboughtisnecessarilywithdrawnfromsupportingtheindustryofGreatBritain，tobeemployedaltogetherinsupporting，partlythatofthecolonies，andpartlythatoftheparticularcountrieswhopayforthistobaccowiththeproduceoftheirownindustry。
Themonopolyofthecolonytradebesides，byforcingtowardsitamuchgreaterproportionofthecapitalofGreatBritainthanwhatwouldnaturallyhavegonetoit，seemstohavebrokenaltogetherthatnaturalbalancewhichwouldotherwisehavetakenplaceamongallthedifferentbranchesofBritishindustry。TheindustryofGreatBritain，insteadofbeingaccommodatedtoagreatnumberofsmallmarkets，hasbeenprincipallysuitedtoonegreatmarket。Hercommerce，insteadofrunninginagreatnumberofsmallchannels，hasbeentaughttorunprincipallyinonegreatchannel。Butthewholesystemofherindustryandcommercehastherebybeenrenderedlesssecure，thewholestateofherbodypoliticlesshealthfulthanitotherwisewouldhavebeen。
Inherpresentcondition，GreatBritainresemblesoneofthoseunwholesomebodiesinwhichsomeofthevitalpartsareovergrown，andwhich，uponthataccount，areliabletomanydangerousdisordersscarceincidenttothoseinwhichallthepartsaremoreproperlyproportioned。Asmallstopinthatgreatblood—vessel，whichhasbeenartificiallyswelledbeyonditsnaturaldimensions，andthroughwhichanunnaturalproportionoftheindustryandcommerceofthecountryhasbeenforcedtocirculate，isverylikelytobringonthemostdangerousdisordersuponthewholebodypolitic。Theexpectationofarupturewiththecolonies，accordingly，hasstruckthepeopleofGreatBritainwithmoreterrorthantheyeverfeltforaSpanisharmada，oraFrenchinvasion。