*Thisholdsnotwithstandingthefactthatthetermmorals，\"inLatinmores，andinGermansitten，signifiesoriginallyonlymannersormodeoflife。
Metaphysicsdesignatesanysystemofknowledgeapriorithatconsistsofpureconceptions。Accordingly，apracticalphilosophynothavingnature，butthefreedomofthewillforitsobject，willpresupposeandrequireametaphysicofmorals。Itisevenadutytohavesuchametaphysic;andeverymandoes，indeed，possessitinhimself，althoughcommonlybutinanobscureway。Forhowcouldanyonebelievethathehasasourceofuniversallawinhimself，withoutprinciplesapriori？Andjustasinametaphysicsofnaturetheremustbeprinciplesregulatingtheapplicationoftheuniversalsupremeprinciplesofnaturetoobjectsofexperience，sotherecannotbutbesuchprinciplesinthemetaphysicofmorals;andwewilloftenhavetodealobjectivelywiththeparticularnatureofmanasknownonlybyexperience，inordertoshowinittheconsequencesoftheseuniversalmoralprinciples。Butthismodeofdealingwiththeseprinciplesintheirparticularapplicationswillinnowaydetractfromtheirrationalpurity，orthrowdoubtontheiraprioriorigin。Inotherwords，thisamountstosayingthatametaphysicofmoralscannotbefoundedonanthropologyastheempiricalscienceofman，butmaybeappliedtoit。
Thecounterpartofametaphysicofmorals，andtheothermemberofthedivisionofpracticalphilosophy，wouldbeamoralanthropology，astheempiricalscienceofthemoralnatureofman。Thissciencewouldcontainonlythesubjectiveconditionsthathinderorfavortherealizationinpracticeoftheuniversalmorallawsinhumannature，withthemeansofpropagating，spreading，andstrengtheningthemoralprinciples—asbytheeducationoftheyoungandtheinstructionofthepeople—andallothersuchdoctrinesandpreceptsfoundeduponexperienceandindispensableinthemselves，althoughtheymustneitherprecedethemetaphysicalinvestigationoftheprinciplesofreason，norbemixedupwithit。For，bydoingso，therewouldbeagreatdangeroflayingdownfalse，oratleastveryflexiblemorallaws，whichwouldholdforthasunattainablewhatisnotattachedonlybecausethelawhasnotbeencomprehendedandpresentedinitspurity，inwhichalsoitsstrengthconsists。Or，otherwise，spuriousandmixedmotivesmightbeadoptedinsteadofwhatisdutifulandgoodinitself;andthesewouldfurnishnocertainmoralprincipleseitherfortheguidanceofthejudgementorforthedisciplineoftheheartinthepracticeofduty。Itisonlybypurereason，therefore，thatdutycanandmustbeprescribed。
Thehigherdivisionofphilosophy，underwhichthedivisionjustmentionedstands，isintotheoreticalphilosophyandpracticalphilosophy。Practicalphilosophyisjustmoralphilosophyinitswidestsense，ashasbeenexplainedelsewhere。*Allthatispracticableandpossible，accordingtonaturallaws，isthespecialsubjectoftheactivityofart，anditspreceptsandrulesentirelydependonthetheoryofnature。Itisonlywhatispracticableaccordingtolawsoffreedomthatcanhaveprinciplesindependentoftheory，forthereisnotheoryinrelationtowhatpassesbeyondthedeterminationsofnature。Philosophythereforecannotembraceunderitspracticaldivisionatechnicaltheory，butonlyamorallypracticaldoctrine。Butifthedexterityofthewillinactingaccordingtolawsoffreedom，incontradistinctiontonature，weretobealsocalledanart，itwouldnecessarilyindicateanartwhichwouldmakeasystemoffreedompossiblelikethesystemofnature。
ThiswouldtrulybeaDivineart，ifwewereinapositionbymeansofittorealizecompletelywhatreasonprescribestous，andtoputtheideaintopractice。