Democracy

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第2章

Democracy Henry Adams

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Democracy
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  Theretheelectionofamajorityofthetrusteesofthepublicmoneyiscontrolledbythemostignorantandviciousofapopulationwhichhascometousfromabroad,whollyunpractisedinself-governmentandincapableofassimilationbyAmericanhabitsandmethods。Butthefinancesofourtowns,wherethenativetraditionisstilldominantandwhoseaffairsarediscussedandsettledinapublicassemblyofthepeople,havebeeningeneralhonestlyandprudentlyadministered。Eveninmanufacturingtowns,whereamajorityofthevoterslivebytheirdailywages,itisnotsooftentherecklessnessasthemoderationofpublicexpenditurethatsurprisesanoldfashionedobserver。

  \"Thebeggarisinthesaddleatlast,\"criesProverbialWisdom。\"Why,inthenameofallformerexperience,doesn\'theridetotheDevil?\"Becauseintheveryactofmountingheceasedtobeabeggarandbecamepartownerofthepieceofpropertyhebestrides。Thelastthingweneedbeanxiousaboutisproperty。Italwayshasfriendsorthemeansofmakingthem。Ifricheshavewingstoflyawayfromtheirowner,theyhavewingsalsotoescapedanger。

  IhearAmericasometimesplayfullyaccusedofsendingyouallyourstorms,andaminthehabitofparryingthechargebyallegingthatweareenabledtodothisbecause,invirtueofourprotectivesystem,wecanaffordtomakebetterbadweatherthananybodyelse。AndwhatwiserusecouldwemakeofitthantoexportitinreturnforthepauperswhichsomeEuropeancountriesaregoodenoughtosendovertouswhohavenotattainedtothesameskillinthemanufactureofthem?Butbadweatherisnottheworstthingthatislaidatourdoor。AFrenchgentleman,notlongago,forgettingBurke\'smonitionofhowunwiseitistodrawanindictmentagainstawholepeople,haschargeduswiththeresponsibilityofwhateverhefindsdisagreeableinthemoralsormannersofhiscountrymen。IfM。Zolaorsomeothercompetentwitnesswouldonlygointotheboxandtelluswhatthosemoralsandmannerswerebeforeourexamplecorruptedthem!ButIconfessthatIfindlittletointerestandlesstoedifymeintheseinternationalbandyingsof\"You\'reanother。\"

  Ishalladdressmyselftoasinglepointonlyinthelonglistofoffencesofwhichwearemoreorlessgravelyaccused,becausethatreallyincludesalltherest。

  ItisthatweareinfectingtheOldWorldwithwhatseemstobethoughttheentirelynewdiseaseofDemocracy。Itisgenerallypeoplewhoareinwhatarecalledeasycircumstanceswhocanaffordtheleisuretotreatthemselvestoahandsomecomplaint,andtheseexperienceanimmediatealleviationwhenoncetheyhavefoundasonorousGreeknametoabuseitby。Thereissomethingconsolatoryalso,somethingflatteringtotheirsenseofpersonaldignity,andtothatconceitofsingularitywhichisthenaturalrecoilfromouruneasyconsciousnessofbeingcommonplace,inthinkingourselvesvictimsofamaladybywhichnoonehadeversufferedbefore。Accordinglytheyfinditsimplertoclassunderonecomprehensiveheadingwhatevertheyfindoffensivetotheirnerves,theirtaste,theirinterests,orwhattheysupposetobetheiropinions,andchristenitDemocracy,muchasphysicianslabeleveryobscurediseasegout,orascross-grainedfellowslaytheirill-

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