XXXIII。Inasimpleway，thatisinonewayatatime，aman\'shappinessisliabletobedisturbedeither1。Byactionsreferringtohisownpersonitself；or2。Byactionsreferringtosuchexternalobjectsonwhichhishappinessismoreorlessdependent。
Astohisownperson，itiscomposedoftwodifferentparts，orreputedparts，hisbodyandhismind。Actswhichexertaperniciousinfluenceonhisperson，whetheritbeonthecorporealoronthementalpartofit，willoperatethereoneitherimmediately，andwithoutaffectinghiswill，ormediately，throughtheinterventionofthatfaculty:viz。bymeansoftheinfluencewhichtheycausehiswilltoexerciseoverhisbody。Ifwiththeinterventionofhiswill，itmustbebymentalcoercion:thatis，bycausinghimtowilltomaintain，andthenceactuallytomaintain，acertainconductwhichitisdisagreeable，orinanyotherwaypernicious，tohimtomaintain。Thisconductmayeitherbepositiveornegative:whenpositive，thecoercionisstyledcompulsionorconstraint:whennegative，restraint。Nowthewayinwhichthecoercionisdisagreeabletohim，maybebyproducingeitherpainofbody，oronlypainofmind。Ifpainofbodyisproducedbyit，theoffencewillcomeaswellunderthisasunderotherdenominations，whichweshallcometopresently。Moreover，theconductwhichaman，bymeansofthecoercion，isforcedtomaintain，willbedeterminedeitherspecificallyandoriginally，bythedeterminationoftheparticularactsthemselveswhichheisforcedtoperformortoabstainfrom，orgenerallyandincidentally，bymeansofhisbeingforcedtobeornottobeinsuchorsuchaplace。Butifheispreventedfrombeinginoneplace，heisconfinedtherebytoanother。Forthewholesurfaceoftheearth，likethesurfaceofanygreaterorlesserbody，maybeconceivedtobedividedintotwo，aswellasintoanyothernumberofpartsorspots。Ifthespotthen，whichheisconfinedto，besmallerthanthespotwhichheisexcludedfrom，hisconditionmaybecalledconfinement:iflarger，banishment。[*]
Whetheranact，theeffectofwhichistoexertaperniciousinfluenceonthepersonofhimwhosuffersbyitoperateswithorwithouttheinterventionofanactofhiswill，themischiefitproduceswilleitherbemortalornotmortal。Ifnotmortal，itwilleitherbereparable，thatistemporary，orirreparable，thatisperpetual。Ifreparable，themischievousactmaybetermedasimplecorporalinjury；ifirreparable，anirreparablecorporalinjury。Lastly，apainthatamanexperiencesinhismindwilleitherbeapainofactualsufferance，orapainofapprehension。Ifapainofapprehension，eithertheoffenderhimselfisrepresentedasintendingtobearapartintheproductionofit，orheisnot。Intheformercasetheoffencemaybestyledmenacement:inthelattercase，asalsowherethepainisapainofactualsufferance，asimplementalinjury。Andthuswehaveninegeneraorkindsofpersonalinjuries；which，whenrangedintheordermostcommodiousforexamination，willstandasfollows；viz。1。Simplecorporalinjuries。2。
Irreparablecorporalinjuries。3。Simpleinjuriousrestrainment。4。
Simpleinjuriouscompulsion。5。Wrongfulconfinement。6。