InVolumeIofthesamehistory，atpage439，youwillseethementionwhichPichonmadetoTalleyrandoftheovertureswhichEnglandwasincessantlymakingtous。Atsometimeduringallthis，rumorgotabroadofBonaparte\'sprojectsregardingLouisiana。InthesecondvolumeofHenryAdams，atpages23and24，youwillfindAddingtonremarkingtoourministertoGreatBritain，RufusKing，thatitwouldnotdotoletBonaparteestablishhimselfinLouisiana。AddingtonveryplainlyhintsthatGreatBritainwouldbackusinanysuchevent。ThisbackingofusbyGreatBritainfoundverycordialacceptanceinthemindofThomasJefferson。AyearbeforetheLouisianaPurchasewasconsummated，andwhenthethreatofBonapartewasintheair，ThomasJeffersonwrotetoLivingston，onApril18，1802，that\"thedayFrancetakespossessionofNewOrleans，wemustmarryourselvestotheBritishfleetandnation。\"
InoneofhismanymemorandatoTalleyrand，LivingstonalludestotheBritishfleet。HealsopointsoutthatFrancemaybytakingacertaincourseestrangetheUnitedStatesforeverandbinditcloselytoFrance\'sgreatenemy。ThisparticularaddresstoTalleyrandisdatedFebruary1，1803，andmaybefoundintheAnnalsofCongress，1802-1803，atpages1078to1083。Iquoteasentence:\"ThecriticalmomenthasarrivedwhichrivetstheconnexionoftheUnitedStatestoFrance，orbindsayoungandgrowingpeopleforageshereaftertohermortalandinveterateenemy。\"Afterthis，hintsfollowconcerningtherelativemaritimepowerofFranceandGreatBritain。LivingstonsuggeststhatifGreatBritaininvadeLouisiana，whocanopposeher?OncemorehereferstoGreatBritain\'ssuperiorfleet。ThisinterestingaddressconcludeswiththefollowingexordiumtoFrance:\"ShewillcheaplypurchasetheesteemofmenandthefavorofHeavenbythesurrenderofadistantwilderness，whichcanneitheraddtoherwealthnortoherstrength。\"
This，asyouwillperceive，isquiteapointedremark。ThroughouttheLouisianadiplomacy，andnegotiationstowhichthisdiplomacyled，Livingston\'swouldseemtobethemasterAmericanmindandpropheticvision。ButImustkeeptomyjackstraws。OnApril17，1803，Bonaparte\'sbrother，Lucien，reportsaconversationheldwithhimbyBonaparte。Whatpurposes，whatoscillations，mayhavebeengoingondeepinBonaparte\'ssecretmind，noonecantell。WemayguessthathedidnotrelinquishhisplanaboutLouisianadefinitelyforsometimeafterthethoughthaddawneduponhimthatitwouldbebetterifhedidrelinquishit。ButunlesshewaslyingtohisbrotherLucienonApril17，1803，wegetnomereglimpse，butaperfectlyclearsightofwhathehadcomefinallytothink。Itwascertainlyworthwhile，hesaidtoLucien，tosellwhenyoucouldwhatyouwerecertaintolose；\"fortheEnglish……areachingforachancetocaptureit……Ournavy，soinferiortoourneighbor\'sacrosstheChannel，willalwayscauseourcoloniestobeexposedtogreatrisks……Astothesea，mydearfellow，youmustknowthattherewehavetolowertheflag……TheEnglishnavyis，andlongwillbe，toodominant。\"
ThatwasonApril17。OnMay2，theTreatyofCessionwassignedbytheexultantLivingston。Bonaparte，insteadofestablishinganoutpostofautocracyatNewOrleans，soldtousnotonlythesmallpieceoflandwhichwehadoriginallyinmind，butthehugepieceoflandwhosedimensionsIhavegivenabove。Wepaidhimfifteenmillionsfornearlyamillionsquaremiles。TheformaltransferwasmadeonDecember17ofthatsameyear，1803。Thereismysecondjackstraw。
Thus，twentyyearsafterthefirsttimein1783，GreatBritainstoodbetweenusandthedesignsofanothernation。Tothatothernationherfleetwasthedecidingobstacle。Englanddidnotloveussomuch，butshelovedFrancesomuchless。ForthesamereasonswhichIhavesuggestedbefore，self-interest，behindwhichlayherdemocratickinshipwithourideals，rangedherwithus。