Whenwithadoctrinethatgivesustheideaofaspiritualsupremebeingwecanstilljointhoseofasensiblenatureandadmitthemintoourworship，wecontractagreaterattachmenttoreligion；becausethosemotiveswhichwehavejustmentionedareaddedtoournaturalinclinationsfortheobjectsofsense。ThustheCatholics，whohavemoreofthiskindofworshipthantheProtestants，aremoreattachedtotheirreligionthantheProtestantsaretotheirs，andmorezealousforitspropagation。
WhenthepeopleofEphesuswereinformedthatthefathersofthecouncilhaddeclaredtheymightcalltheVirginMarytheMotherofGod，theyweretransportedwithjoy，theykissedthehandsofthebishops，theyembracedtheirknees，andthewholecityresoundedwithacclamations。[1]
Whenanintellectualreligionsuperaddsachoicemadebythedeity，andapreferenceforthosewhoprofessitoverthosewhodonot，thisgreatlyattachesustoreligion。TheMahometanswouldnotbesuchgoodMussulmansif，ontheonehand，therewerenotidolatrousnationswhomakethemimaginethemselvesthechampionsoftheunityofGod；andontheotherChristians，tomakethembelievethattheyaretheobjectsofhispreference。
Areligionburdenedwithmanyceremonies[2]attachesustoitmorestronglythanthatwhichhasafewernumber。Wehaveanextremepropensitytothingsinwhichwearecontinuallyemployed：witnesstheobstinateprejudicesoftheMahometansandtheJews，[3]andthereadinesswithwhichbarbarousandsavagenationschangetheirreligion，who，astheyareemployedentirelyinhuntingorwar，havebutfewreligiousceremonies。
Menareextremelyinclinedtothepassionsofhopeandfear；areligion，therefore，thathadneitheraheavennorahellcouldhardlypleasethem。ThisisprovedbytheeasewithwhichforeignreligionshavebeenestablishedinJapan，andthezealandfondnesswithwhichtheywerereceived。[4]
Inordertoraiseanattachmenttoreligionitisnecessarythatitshouldinculcatepuremorals。Menwhoareknavesbyretailareextremelyhonestinthegross；theylovemorality。AndwereInottreatingofsograveasubjectIshouldsaythatthisappearsremarkablyevidentinourtheatres：wearesureofpleasingthepeoplebysentimentsavowedbymorality；wearesureofshockingthembythoseitdisapproves。
Whenexternalworshipisattendedwithgreatmagnificence，itflattersourmindsandstronglyattachesustoreligion。Therichesoftemplesandthoseoftheclergygreatlyaffectus。Thuseventhemiseryofthepeopleisamotivethatrendersthemfondofareligionwhichhasservedasapretexttothosewhowerethecauseoftheirmisery。
3。OfTemples。Almostallcivilisednationsdwellinhouses；hencenaturallyarosetheideaofbuildingahouseforGodinwhichtheymightadoreandseekhim，amidstalltheirhopesandfears。
And，indeed，nothingismorecomfortabletomankindthanaplaceinwhichtheymayfindthedeitypeculiarlypresent，andwheretheymayassembletogethertoconfesstheirweaknessandtelltheirgriefs。
Butthisnaturalideaneveroccurredtoanybutsuchascultivatedtheland；thosewhohavenohousesforthemselveswereneverknowntobuildtemples。
ThiswasthecausethatmadeJenghizKhandiscoversuchaprodigiouscontemptformosques。[5]ThisprinceexaminedtheMahometans；[6]heapprovedofalltheirdoctrines，exceptthatofthenecessityofgoingtoMecca；hecouldnotcomprehendwhyGodmightnotbeeverywhereadored。AstheTartarsdidnotdwellinhouses，theycouldhavenoideaoftemples。
Thosepeoplewhohavenotempleshavebutasmallattachmenttotheirownreligion。ThisisthereasonwhytheTartarshaveinalltimesgivensogreatatoleration；[7]whythebarbarousnations，whoconqueredtheRomanempiredidnothesitateamomenttoembraceChristianity；whythesavagesofAmericahavesolittlefondnessfortheirownreligion；why，sinceourmissionarieshavebuiltchurchesinParaguay，thenativesofthatcountryhavebecomesozealousforours。
Asthedeityistherefugeoftheunhappy，andnonearemoreunhappythancriminals，menhavebeennaturallyledtothinktemplesanasylumforthosewretches。ThisideaappearedstillmorenaturaltotheGreeks，wheremurderers，chasedfromtheircityandthepresenceofmen，seemedtohavenohousesbutthetemples，norotherprotectorsthanthegods。
Atfirstthesewereonlydesignedforinvoluntaryhomicides；butwhenthepeoplemadethemasanctuaryforthosewhohadcommittedgreatcrimestheyfellintoagrosscontradiction。Iftheyhadoffendedmen，theyhadmuchgreaterreasontobelievetheyhadoffendedthegods。
TheseasylumsmultipliedinGreece。Thetemples，saysTacitus，[8]werefilledwithinsolventdebtorsandwickedslaves；themagistratefounditdifficulttoexercisehisoffice；thepeopleprotectedthecrimesofmenastheceremoniesofthegods；atlengththesenatewasobligedtoretrenchagreatnumberofthem。
ThelawsofMoseswereperfectlywise。Themanwhoinvoluntarilykilledanotherwasinnocent；buthewasobligedtobetakenawayfrombeforetheeyesoftherelativesofthedeceased。Mosesthereforeappointedanasylumforsuchunfortunatepeople。[9]Theperpetratorsofgreatcrimesdeservednotaplaceofsafety，andtheyhadnone：[10]theJewshadonlyaportabletabernacle，whichcontinuallychangeditsplace；thisexcludedtheideaofasanctuary。Itistruethattheyhadafterwardsatemple；butthecriminalswhowouldresortthitherfromallpartsmightdisturbthedivineservice。Ifpersonswhohadcommittedmanslaughterhadbeendrivenoutofthecountry，aswascustomaryamongtheGreeks，theyhadreasontofearthattheywouldworshipstrangegods。Alltheseconsiderationsmadethemestablishcitiesofsafety，wheretheymightstaytillthedeathofthehigh—priest。
4。OftheMinistersofReligion。Thefirstmen，saysPorphyry，[11]
sacrificedonlyvegetables。Inaworshipsosimple，everyonemightbepriestinhisownfamily。
Thenaturaldesireofpleasingthedeitymultipliedceremonies。Henceitfollowed，thatmenemployedinagriculturebecameincapableofobservingthemallandoffillingupthenumber。
Particularplaceswereconsecratedtothegods；itthenbecamenecessarythattheyshouldhaveministerstotakecareofthem；inthesamemanneraseverycitizentookcareofhishouseanddomesticaffairs。Hencethepeoplewhohavenopriestsarecommonlybarbarians；suchwereformerlythePedalians，[12]andsucharestilltheWolgusky。[13]
Menconsecratedtothedeityoughttobehonoured，especiallyamongpeoplewhohaveformedanideaofapersonalpuritynecessarytoapproachtheplacesmostagreeabletothegods，andfortheperformanceofparticularceremonies。
Theworshipofthegodsrequiringacontinualapplication，mostnationswereledtoconsidertheclergyasaseparatebody。Thus，amongtheEgyptians，theJews，andthePersians，[14]theyconsecratedtothedeitycertainfamilieswhoperformedandperpetuatedtheservice。Therehavebeenevenreligionswhichhavenotonlyestrangedecclesiasticsfrombusiness，buthavealsotakenawaytheembarrassmentsofafamily；andthisisthepracticeoftheprincipalbranchofChristianity。
Ishallnotheretreatoftheconsequencesofthelawofcelibacy：itisevidentthatitmaybecomehurtfulinproportionasthebodyoftheclergymaybetoonumerous；and，inconsequenceofthis，thatofthelaitytoosmall。
Bythenatureofthehumanunderstandingweloveinreligioneverythingwhichcarriestheideaofdifficulty；asinpointofmoralitywehaveaspeculativefondnessforeverythingwhichbearsthecharacterofseverity。Celibacyhasbeenmostagreeabletothosenationstowhomitseemedleastadapted，andwithwhomitmightbeattendedwiththemostfatalconsequences。InthesoutherncountriesofEurope，where，bythenatureoftheclimate，thelawofcelibacyismoredifficulttoobserve，ithasbeenretained；inthoseofthenorth，wherethepassionsarelesslively，ithasbeenbanished。Further，incountrieswheretherearebutfewinhabitantsithasbeenadmitted；inthosethatarevastlypopulousithasbeenrejected。Itisobviousthatthesereflectionsrelateonlytothetoogreatextensionofcelibacy，andnottocelibacyitself。
5。OftheBoundswhichtheLawsoughttoprescribetotheRichesoftheClergy。Asparticularfamiliesmaybeextinct，theirwealthcannotbeaperpetualinheritance。Theclergyisafamilywhichcannotbeextinct；
wealthisthereforefixedtoitforever，andcannotgooutofit。
Particularfamiliesmayincrease；itisnecessarythenthattheirwealthshouldalsoincrease。Theclergyisafamilywhichoughtnottoincrease；theirwealthoughtthentobelimited。
WehaveretainedtheregulationsoftheLeviticallawsastothepossessionsoftheclergy，exceptthoserelatingtotheboundsofthesepossessions；indeed，amonguswemusteverbeignorantofthelimitbeyondwhichanyreligiouscommunitycannolongerbepermittedtoacquire。
Theseendlessacquisitionsappeartothepeoplesounreasonablethathewhoshouldspeakintheirdefencewouldberegardedasanidiot。
Thecivillawsfindsometimesmanydifficultiesinalteringestablishedabuses，becausetheyareconnectedwiththingsworthyofrespect；inthiscaseanindirectproceedingwouldbeagreaterproofofthewisdomofthelegislatorthananotherwhichstruckdirectlyatthethingitself。Insteadofprohibitingtheacquisitionsoftheclergy，weshouldseektogivethemadistasteforthem；toleavethemtherightandtotakeawaythedeed。
InsomecountriesofEurope，arespectfortheprivilegesofthenobilityhasestablishedintheirfavourarightofindemnityoverimmovablegoodsacquiredinmortmain。Theinterestoftheprincehasinthesamecasemadehimexactarightofamortisation。InCastile，wherenosuchrightprevails，theclergyhaveseizeduponeverything。InAragon，wherethereissomerightofamortisation，theyhaveobtainedless；inFrance，wherethisrightandthatofindemnityareestablished，theyhaveacquiredlessstill；anditmaybesaidthattheprosperityofthiskingdomisinagreatmeasureowingtotheexerciseofthesetworights。Ifpossible，then，increasetheserights，andputastoptothemortmain。
Rendertheancientandnecessarypatrimonyoftheclergysacredandinviolable，letitbefixedandeternallikethatbodyitself，butletnewinheritancesbeoutoftheirpower。
Permitthemtobreaktherulewhentherulehasbecomeanabuse；suffertheabusewhenitentersintotherule。
TheystillrememberinRomeacertainmemorialsentthitheronsomedisputeswiththeclergy，inwhichwasthismaxim：\"Theclergyoughttocontributetotheexpensesofthestate，lettheOldTestamentsaywhatitwill。\"Theyconcludedfromthispassagethattheauthorofthismemorialwasbetterversedinthelanguageofthetax—gatherersthaninthatofreligion。
6。OfMonasteries。Theleastdegreeofcommonsensewillletusseethatbodiesdesignedforaperpetualcontinuanceshouldnotbeallowedtoselltheirfundsforlife，nortoborrowforlife；unlesswewantthemtobeheirstoallthosewhohavenorelativesandtothosewhodonotchoosetohaveany。Thesemenplayagainstthepeople，buttheyholdthebankthemselves。
7。OftheLuxuryofSuperstition。\"Thoseareguiltyofimpietytowardsthegods，\"saysPlato，[15]\"whodenytheirexistence；orwho，whiletheybelieveit，maintainthattheydonotinterferewithwhatisdonebelow；
or，infine，whothinkthattheycaneasilyappeasethembysacrifices：
threeopinionsequallypernicious。\"Platohasheresaidallthattheclearestlightofnaturehaseverbeenabletosayinpointofreligion。
Themagnificenceofexternalworshiphasaprincipalconnectionwiththeinstitutionofthestate。Ingoodrepublics，theyhavecurbednotonlytheluxuryofvanity，buteventhatofsuperstition。Theyhaveintroducedfrugallawsintoreligion。OfthisnumberaremanyofthelawsofSolon；manyofthoseofPlatoonfunerals，adoptedbyCicero；
and，infine，someofthelawsofNumaonsacrifices。[16]
Birds，saysCicero，[17]andpaintingsbegunandfinishedinadayaregiftsthemostdivine。Weoffercommonthings，saysaSpartan，thatwemayalwayshaveitinourpowertohonourthegods。
Thedesireofmantopayhisworshiptothedeityisverydifferentfromthemagnificenceofthisworship。Letusnotofferourtreasurestohimifwearenotproudofshowingthatweesteemwhathewouldhaveusdespise。
\"Whatmustthegodsthinkofthegiftsoftheimpious，\"saidtheadmirablePlato，\"whenagoodmanwouldblushtoreceivepresentsfromavillain？\"
Religionoughtnot，underthepretenceofgifts，todrawfromthepeoplewhatthenecessityofthestatehasleftthem；butasPlatosays，[18]
\"Thechasteandthepiousoughttooffergiftswhichresemblethemselves。\"
Norisitproperforreligiontoencourageexpensivefunerals。Whatistheremorenaturalthantotakeawaythedifferenceoffortuneinacircumstanceandintheverymomentwhichequalsallfortunes？
8。OfthePontificate。Whenreligionhasmanyministersitisnaturalforthemtohaveachiefandforasovereignpontifftobeestablished。
Inmonarchies，wheretheseveralordersofthestatecannotbekepttoodistinct，andwhereallpowersoughtnottobelodgedinthesameperson，itisproperthatthepontificatebedistinctfromtheempire。
Thesamenecessityisnottobemetwithinadespoticgovernment，thenatureofwhichistouniteallthedifferentpowersinthesameperson。
Butinthiscaseitmayhappenthattheprincemayregardreligionashedoesthelawsthemselves，asdependentonhisownwill。Topreventthisinconvenience，thereoughttobemonumentsofreligion，forinstance，sacredbookswhichfixandestablishit。TheKingofPersiaisthechiefofthereligion；butthisreligionisregulatedbytheKoran。TheEmperorofChinaisthesovereignpontiff；buttherearebooksinthehandsofeverybodytowhichhehimselfmustconform。Invainacertainemperorattemptedtoabolishthem；theytriumphedovertyranny。
9。OfTolerationinpointofReligion。Weareherepoliticians，andnotdivines；butthedivinesthemselvesmustallow，thatthereisagreatdifferencebetweentoleratingandapprovingareligion。
Whenthelegislatorhasbelieveditadutytopermittheexerciseofmanyreligions，itisnecessarythatheshouldenforcealsoatolerationamongthesereligionsthemselves。Itisaprinciplethateveryreligionwhichispersecutedbecomesitselfpersecuting；forassoonasbysomeaccidentalturnitarisesfrompersecution，itattacksthereligionwhichpersecutedit；notasreligion，butastyranny。
Itisnecessary，then，thatthelawsrequirefromtheseveralreligions，notonlythattheyshallnotembroilthestate，butthattheyshallnotraisedisturbancesamongthemselves。Acitizendoesnotfulfilthelawsbynotdisturbingthegovernment；itisrequisitethatheshouldnottroubleanycitizenwhomsoever。
10。ThesameSubjectcontinued。Astherearescarcelyanybutpersecutingreligionsthathaveanextraordinaryzealforbeingestablishedinotherplaces（becauseareligionthatcantolerateothersseldomthinksofitsownpropagation），itmustthereforebeaverygoodcivillaw，whenthestateisalreadysatisfiedwiththeestablishedreligion，nottosuffertheestablishmentofanother。[19]
Thisisthenafundamentalprincipleofthepoliticallawsinregardtoreligion；thatwhenthestateisatlibertytoreceiveortorejectanewreligionitoughttoberejected；whenitisreceiveditoughttobetolerated。
11。OfchangingaReligion。Aprincewhoundertakestodestroyortochangetheestablishedreligionofhiskingdommustgreatlyexposehimself。Ifhisgovernmentbedespotic，herunsamuchgreaterriskofseeingarevolutionarisefromsuchaproceeding，thanfromanytyrannywhatsoever，andarevolutionisnotanuncommonthinginsuchstates。
Thereasonofthisisthatastatecannotchangeitsreligion，mannersandcustomsinaninstant，andwiththesamerapidityastheprincepublishestheordinancewhichestablishesanewreligion。
Besides，theancientreligionisconnectedwiththeconstitutionofthekingdomandthenewoneisnot；theformeragreeswiththeclimateandveryoftenthenewoneisopposedtoit。Moreover，thecitizensbecomedisgustedwiththeirlaws，andlookuponthegovernmentalreadyestablishedwithcontempt；theyconceiveajealousyagainstthetworeligions，insteadofafirmbeliefinone；inaword，theseinnovationsgivetothestate，atleastforsometime，bothbadcitizensandbadbelievers。
12。OfpenalLaws。Penallawsoughttobeavoidedinrespecttoreligion：theyimprintfear，itistrue；butasreligionhasalsopenallawswhichinspirethesamepassion，theoneiseffacedbytheother，andbetweenthesetwodifferentkindsoffearthemindbecomeshardened。
Thethreateningsofreligionaresoterrible，anditspromisessogreat，thatwhentheyactuatethemind，whatevereffortsthemagistratemayusetoobligeustorenounceit，heseemstoleaveusnothingwhenhedeprivesusoftheexerciseofourreligion，andtobereaveusofnothingwhenweareallowedtoprofessit。
Itisnot，therefore，byfillingthesoulwiththeideaofthisgreatobject，byhasteningherapproachtothatcriticalmomentinwhichitoughttobeofthehighestimportance，thatreligioncanbemostsuccessfullyattacked：amorecertainwayistotemptherbyfavours，bytheconveniencesoflife，byhopesoffortune；notbythatwhichrevives，butbythatwhichextinguishesthesenseofherduty；notbythatwhichshocksher，butbythatwhichthrowsherintoindifferenceatthetimewhenotherpassionsactuatethemind，andthosewhichreligioninspiresarehushedintosilence。Asageneralruleinchangingareligiontheinvitationsshouldbemuchstrongerthanthepenalties。
Thetemperofthehumanmindhasappearedeveninthenatureofpunishments。IfwetakeasurveyofthepersecutionsinJapan，[20]weshallfindthattheyweremoreshockedatcrueltormentsthanatlongsufferings，whichratherwearythanaffright，whicharethemoredifficulttosurmount，fromtheirappearinglessdifficult。
Inaword，historysufficientlyinformsusthatpenallawshaveneverhadanyothereffectthantodestroy。
13。AmosthumbleRemonstrancetotheInquisitorsofSpainandPortugal。
AJewessoftenyearsofage，whowasburnedatLisbonatthelastauto—da—fé，gaveoccasiontothefollowinglittlepiece，themostidle，Ibelieve，thateverwaswritten。Whenweattempttoprovethingssoevidentwearesurenevertoconvince。
Theauthordeclares，thatthoughaJewhehasarespectfortheChristianreligion；andthatheshouldbegladtotakeawayfromtheprinceswhoarenotChristians，aplausiblepretenceforpersecutingthisreligion。
\"Youcomplain，\"sayshetotheInquisitors，\"thattheEmperorofJapancausedalltheChristiansinhisdominionstobeburnedbyaslowfire。
Buthewillanswer，wetreatyouwhodonotbelievelikeus，asyouyourselvestreatthosewhodonotbelievelikeyou；youcanonlycomplainofyourweakness，whichhashinderedyoufromexterminatingus，andwhichhasenabledustoexterminateyou。
\"Butitmustbeconfessedthatyouaremuchmorecruelthanthisemperor。Youputustodeathwhobelieveonlywhatyoubelieve，becausewedonotbelieveallthatyoubelieve。WefollowareligionwhichyouyourselvesknowtohavebeenformerlydeartoGod。WethinkthatGodlovesitstill，andyouthinkthathelovesitnomore：andbecauseyoujudgethus，youmakethosesufferbyswordandfirewhoholdanerrorsopardonableastobelievethatGodstillloveswhatheonceloved。[21]
\"Ifyouarecrueltous，youaremuchmoresotoourchildren；youcausethemtobeburnedbecausetheyfollowtheinspirationsgiventhembythosewhomthelawofnatureandthelawsofallnationsteachthemtoregardasgods。
\"YoudepriveyourselvesoftheadvantageyouhaveovertheMahometans，withrespecttothemannerinwhichtheirreligionwasestablished。Whentheyboastofthenumberoftheirbelievers，youtellthemthattheyhaveobtainedthembyviolence，andthattheyhaveextendedtheirreligionbythesword；whythendoyouestablishyoursbyfire？
\"Whenyouwouldbringusovertoyou，weobjecttoasourcefromwhichyouglorytohavedescended。Youreplytous，thatthoughyourreligionisnew，itisdivine；andyouproveitfromitsgrowingamidstthepersecutionsofPagans，andwhenwateredbythebloodofyourmartyrs；
butatpresentyouplaythepartoftheDiocletians，andmakeustakeyours。
\"Weconjureyou，notbythemightyGodwhombothyouandweserve，butbythatChrist，who，youtellus，tookuponhimahumanform，toproposehimselfasanexampleforyoutofollow；weconjureyoutobehavetousashehimselfwouldbehavewereheuponearth。YouwouldhaveusbecomeChristians，andyouwillnotbesoyourselves。
\"ButifyouwillnotbeChristians，beatleastmen；treatusasyouwould，ifhavingonlytheweaklightofjusticewhichnaturebestows，youhadnotareligiontoconduct，andarevelationtoenlightenyou。
\"Ifheavenhashadsogreataloveforyouastomakeyouseethetruth，youhavereceivedasingularfavour；butisitforchildrenwhohavereceivedtheinheritanceoftheirfather，tohatethosewhohavenot？
\"Ifyouhavethistruth，hideitnotfromusbythemannerinwhichyouproposeit。Thecharacteristicoftruthisitstriumphoverheartsandminds，andnotthatimpotencywhichyouconfesswhenyouwouldforceustoreceiveitbytortures。
\"Ifyouwerewise，youwouldnotputustodeathfornootherreasonthanbecauseweareunwillingtodeceiveyou。IfyourChrististhesonofGod，wehopehewillrewardusforbeingsounwillingtoprofanehismysteries；andwebelievethattheGodwhombothyouandweservewillnotpunishusforhavingsuffereddeathforareligionwhichheformerlygaveus，onlybecausewebelievethathestillcontinuestogiveit。
\"Youliveinanageinwhichthelightofnatureshinesmorebrightlythanithaseverdone；inwhichphilosophyhasenlightenedhumanunderstanding；inwhichthemoralityofyourgospelhasbeenbetterknown；inwhichtherespectiverightsofmankindwithregardtoeachotherandtheempirewhichoneconsciencehasoveranotherarebestunderstood。Ifyoudonotthereforeshakeoffyourancientprejudices，which，whilstunregarded，minglewithyourpassions，itmustbeconfessedthatyouareincorrigible，incapableofanydegreeoflightorinstruction；andanationmustbeveryunhappythatgivesauthoritytosuchmen。
\"Wouldyouhaveusfranklytellyouourthoughts？Youconsiderusratherasyourenemiesthanastheenemiesofyourreligion；forifyoulovedyourreligionyouwouldnotsufferittobecorruptedbysuchgrossignorance。
\"Itisnecessarythatweshouldwarnyouofonething；thatis，ifanyoneintimestocomeshalldaretoassertthatintheageinwhichwelive，thepeopleofEuropewerecivilised，youwillbecitedtoprovethattheywerebarbarians；andtheideatheywillhaveofyouwillbesuchaswilldishonouryourageandspreadhatredoverallyourcontemporaries。\"
14。WhytheChristianReligionissoodiousinJapan。WehavealreadymentionedtheperversetemperofthepeopleofJapan。[22]ThemagistratesconsideredthefirmnesswhichChristianityinspires，whentheyattemptedtomakethepeoplerenouncetheirfaith，asinitselfmostdangerous；theyfanciedthatitincreasedtheirobstinacy。ThelawofJapanpunishesseverelytheleastdisobedience。ThepeoplewereorderedtorenouncetheChristianreligion；theydidnotrenounceit；
thiswasdisobedience；themagistratespunishedthiscrime；andthecontinuanceindisobedienceseemedtodeserveanotherpunishment。
PunishmentsamongtheJapaneseareconsideredastherevengeofaninsultdonetotheprince；thesongsoftriumphsungbyourmartyrsappearedasanoutrageagainsthim：thetitleofmartyrprovokedthemagistrates；intheiropinionitsignifiedrebel；theydidallintheirpowertopreventtheirobtainingit。Thenitwasthattheirmindswereexasperated，andahorridstrugglewasseenbetweenthetribunalsthatcondemnedandtheaccusedwhosuffered；betweenthecivillawsandthoseofreligion。
15。OfthePropagationofReligion。AllthepeopleoftheEast，excepttheMahometans，believeallreligionsinthemselvesindifferent。Theyfeartheestablishmentofanotherreligionnootherwisethanasachangeingovernment。AmongtheJapanese，wheretherearemanysects，andwherethestatehashadforsolongatimeanecclesiasticalsuperior，theyneverdisputeonreligion。[23]ItisthesamewiththepeopleofSiam。[24]TheCalmucks[25]domore；theymakeitapointofconsciencetotolerateeveryspeciesofreligion；atCalicutitisamaximofthestatethateveryreligionisgood。[26]
Butitdoesnotfollowhence，thatareligionbroughtfromafardistantcountry，andquitedifferentinclimate，laws，manners，andcustoms，willhaveallthesuccesstowhichitsholinessmightentitleit。Thisismoreparticularlytrueingreatdespoticempires：herestrangersaretoleratedatfirst，becausethereisnoattentiongiventowhatdoesnotseemtostrikeattheauthorityoftheprince。Astheyareextremelyignorant，aEuropeanmayrenderhimselfagreeablebytheknowledgehecommunicates：thisisverywellinthebeginning。Butassoonashehasanysuccess，whendisputesariseandwhenmenwhohavesomeinterestbecomeinformedofit，astheirempire，byitsverynature，aboveallthingsrequirestranquillity，andastheleastdisturbancemayoverturnit，theyproscribethenewreligionandthosewhopreach，it：disputesbetweenthepreachersbreakingout，theybegintoentertainadistasteforareligiononwhicheventhosewhoproposeitarenotagreed。