But，besidethisthriftinclothing，Iamnotalone，Ibelieve，inwishingforsomethriftintheenergywhichproducesit。Labourmisapplied，youwillagree，islabourwasted；andasdress，I
presume，isintendedtoadornthepersonofthewearer，themakingadresswhichonlydisfigureshermaybeconsideredasaplaincaseofwaste。Itwouldbeimpertinentinmetogointoanydetails：butitisimpossibletowalkaboutthestreetsnowwithoutpassingyoungpeoplewhomustbeunderadeepdelusionastothesuccessoftheirowntoilette。Insteadofgracefulandnoblesimplicityofform，insteadofcombinationsofcolouratoncerichanddelicate，becauseinaccordancewiththechromaticlawsofnature，onemeetswithphenomenamoreandmorepainfultotheeye，andstartlingtocommonsense，tillonewouldbehardlymoreastonished，andcertainlyhardlymoreshocked，ifinayearortwo，oneshouldpasssomeonegoingaboutlikeaChineselady，withpinchedfeet，orlikeasavageoftheAmazons，withawoodenbungthroughherlowerlip。Itiseasytocomplainofthesemonstrosities：butimpossibletocurethem，itseemstome，withoutaneducationofthetaste，aneducationinthoselawsofnaturewhichproducebeautyinformandbeautyincolour。Forthatthecauseofthesefailuresliesinwantofeducationispatent。Theyaremostcommonin——Ihadalmostsaidtheyareconfinedto——thoseclassesofwell-to-dopersonswhoaretheleasteducated；whohavenostandardoftasteoftheirown；andwhodonotacquireanyfromcultivatedfriendsandrelations：who，inconsequence，dressthemselvesblindlyaccordingtowhattheyconceivetobetheParisfashions，conveyedatthird-handthroughanequallyuneducateddressmaker；ininnocentignoranceofthefact——forfactIbelieveittobe——thatParisfashionsareinventednownotintheleastforthesakeofbeauty，butforthesakeofproducing，throughvariety，increasedexpenditure，andtherebyincreasedemployment；accordingtothestrangesystemwhichnowprevailsinFranceofcompelling，ifnotprosperity，atleastthesignsofit；andlikeschoolboysbeforeaholiday，nailinguptheheadoftheweather-glasstoinsurefineweather。
LetBritishladieseducatethemselvesinthoselawsofbeautywhichareaseternalasanyotherofnature’slaws；whichmaybeseenfulfilled，asMr。Ruskintellsus，soeloquentlyineveryflowerandeveryleaf，ineverysweepingdownandripplingwave；
andtheywillbeabletoinventgracefulandeconomicaldressesforthemselves，withoutimportingtawdryandexpensiveuglinessfromFrance。
Letmenowgoastepfarther，andaskyoutoconsiderthis：ThereareinEnglandnowavastnumber，andanincreasingnumber，ofyoungwomenwho，fromvariouscircumstanceswhichweallknow，mustinafterlifebeeitherthemistressesoftheirownfortunes，ortheearnersoftheirownbread。And，todothatwiselyandwell，theymustbemoreorlesswomenofbusiness，andtobewomenofbusinesstheymustknowsomethingofthemeaningofthewordsCapital，Profit，Price，Value，Labour，Wages，andoftherelationbetweenthosetwolast。Inaword，theymustknowalittlepoliticaleconomy。Nay，Isometimesthinkthatthemistressofeveryhouseholdmightfind，notonlythriftofmoney，butthriftofbrain；freedomfrommistakes，anxieties，worriesofmanykinds，allofwhicheatoutthehealthaswellastheheart，byalittlesoundknowledgeoftheprinciplesofpoliticaleconomy。
Whenweconsiderthateverymistressofahouseholdiscontinuallybuying，ifnotselling；thatsheiscontinuallyhiringandemployinglabourintheformofservants；andveryoften，intothebargain，keepingherhusband’saccounts：Icannotbutthinkthatherhard-workedbrainmightbeclearer，andherhard-trieddesiretodoherdutybyeverysubjectinherlittlekingdom，mightbemoreeasilysatisfied，hadshereadsomethingofwhatMr。JohnStuartMillhaswritten，especiallyonthedutiesofemployerandemployed。Acapitalist，acommercialist，anemployeroflabour，andanaccountant——everymistressofahouseholdisallthese，whethershelikesitornot；anditwouldbesurelywellforher，insoverycomplicatedastateofsocietyasthis，nottotrustmerelytothatmother-wit，thatintuitivesagacityandinnatepowerofrulingherfellow-creatures，whichcarrieswomensonoblythroughtheirworkinsimplerandlesscivilisedsocieties。
AndhereIstoptoanswerthosewhomaysay——asIhavehearditsaid——Thatawoman’sintellectisnotfitforbusiness；thatwhenawomantakestobusiness，sheisapttodoitill，andunpleasantlylikewise，tobemoresuspicious，moreirritable，moregrasping，moreunreasonable，thanregularmenofbusinesswouldbe：that——asIhavehearditput——\"awomandoesnotfightfair。\"
Theanswerissimple。Thatawoman’sintellectiseminentlyfittedforbusinessisprovedbytheenormousamountofbusinessshegetsthroughwithoutanyspecialtrainingforit：butthosefaultsinawomanofwhichsomemencomplainaresimplytheresultsofhernothavinghadaspecialtraining。Shedoesnotknowthelawsofbusiness。Shedoesnotknowtherulesofthegamesheisplaying；andthereforesheisplayingitinthedark，infearandsuspicion，apttojudgeofquestionsonpersonalgrounds，oftenoffendingthosewithwhomshehastodo，andoftenerstillmakingherselfmiserableovermattersoflaworofbusiness，onwhichalittlesoundknowledgewouldsetherheadandherheartatrest。
WhenIhaveseenwidows，havingthecareofchildren，ofagreathousehold，ofagreatestate，ofagreatbusiness，strugglingheroically，andyetoftenmistakenly；blamedseverelyforselfishnessandambition，whiletheywerereallysacrificingthemselveswiththedivineinstinctofamotherfortheirchildren’sinterest：Ihavestoodbywithmingledadmirationandpity，andsaidtomyself：\"Hownoblysheisdoingtheworkwithoutteaching！Howmuchmorenoblywouldshehavedoneithadshebeentaught！Sheisnowdoingherworkatthemostenormouswasteofenergyandofvirtue：hadshehadknowledge，thriftwouldhavefollowedit；shewouldhavedonemoreworkwithfarlesstrouble。Shewillprobablykillherselfifshegoeson；
whilesoundknowledgewouldhavesavedherhealth，savedherheart，savedherfriends，andhelpedtheverylovedonesforwhomshelabours，notalwayswithsuccess。\"
Alittlepoliticaleconomy，therefore，willatleastdonoharmtoawoman；especiallyifshehavetotakecareofherselfinafterlife；neither，Ithink，willshebemuchharmedbysomesoundknowledgeofanothersubject，whichIseepromisedintheselectures：\"Naturalphilosophy，initsvariousbranches，suchasthechemistryofcommonlife，light，heat，electricity，etc。etc。\"
Alittleknowledgeofthelawsoflight，forinstance，wouldteachmanywomenthatbyshuttingthemselvesupdayafterday，weekafterweek，indarkenedrooms，theyareascertainlycommittingawasteofhealth，destroyingtheirvitalenergy，anddiseasingtheirbrains，asiftheyweretakingsomuchpoisonthewholetime。
Alittleknowledgeofthelawsofheatwouldteachwomennottoclothethemselvesandtheirchildrenafterfoolishandinsufficientfashions，whichinthisclimatesowtheseedsofadozendifferentdiseases，andhavetobeatonedforbyperpetualanxieties，andbyperpetualdoctors’bills；andasforalittleknowledgeofthelawsofelectricity，onethriftIamsureitwouldproduce——thrifttousmen，ofhavingtoanswercontinualinquiriesastowhattheweatherisgoingtobe，whenaslightknowledgeofthebarometer，oroftheformofthecloudsandthedirectionofthewind，wouldenablemanyaladytojudgeforherself，andnot，afterinquiryoninquiry，regardlessofallwarnings，gooutonthefirstappearanceofastripofbluesky，andcomehomewetthrough，withwhatshecalls\"onlyachill，\"butwhichreallymeansanaildrivenintohercoffin——aprobableshortening，thoughitmaybeaverysmallone，ofhermortallife；
becausethefoodofthenexttwenty-fourhours，whichshouldhavegonetokeepthevitalheatatitsnormalstandard，willhavetobewastedinraisingituptothatstandard，fromwhichithasfallenbyachill。
Ladies，thesearesubjectsonwhichImustbegtospeakalittlemoreatlength，premisingthembyonestatement，whichmayseemjest，butissolemnearnest——that，ifthemedicalmenofthisoranyothercitywerewhattheworldnowcalls\"alivetotheirowninterests\"——thatis，tothemeremakingofmoney；insteadofbeing，whatmedicalmenare，themostgenerous，disinterested，andhigh-mindedclassintheserealms，thentheywouldopposebyallmeansintheirpowerthedeliveryoflecturesonnaturalphilosophytowomen。Forifwomenactuponwhattheylearninthoselectures——andhavingwomen’shearts，theywillactuponit——
thereoughttofollowadecreaseofsicknessandanincreaseofhealth，especiallyamongchildren；athriftoflife，andathriftofexpensebesides，whichwouldveryseriouslyaffecttheincomeofmedicalmen。
Forletmeaskyou，ladies，withallcourtesy，butwithallearnestness——Areyouawareofcertainfacts，ofwhicheveryoneofthoseexcellentmedicalmenistoowellaware？AreyouawarethatmorehumanbeingsarekilledinEnglandeveryyearbyunnecessaryandpreventablediseasesthanwerekilledatWaterloooratSadowa？Areyouawarethatthegreatmajorityofthosevictimsarechildren？Areyouawarethatthediseaseswhichcarrythemoffareforthemostpartsuchasoughttobespeciallyunderthecontrolofthewomenwholovethem，petthem，educatethem，andwouldinmanycases，ifneedbe，laydowntheirlivesforthem？
Areyouaware，again，ofthevastamountofdiseasewhich，sobothwisemothersandwisedoctorsassureme，isengenderedinthesleeping-roomfromsimpleignoranceofthelawsofventilation，andintheschoolroomlikewise，fromsimpleignoranceofthelawsofphysiology？fromanignoranceofwhichIshallmentionnoothercaseheresaveone——thattoooftenfromignoranceofsignsofapproachingdisease，achildispunishedforwhatiscalledidleness，listlessness，wilfulness，sulkiness；andpunished，too，intheunwisestway——byanincreaseoftasksandconfinementtothehouse，thusovertaskingstillmoreabrainalreadyovertasked，anddepressingstillmore，byrobbingitofoxygenandofexercise，asystemalreadydepressed？Areyouaware，Iaskagain，ofallthis？Ispeakearnestuponthispoint，becauseIspeakwithexperience。Asasingleinstance：amedicalman，afriendofmine，passingbyhisownschoolroom，heardoneofhisownlittlegirlsscreamingandcrying，andwentin。Thegoverness，anexcellentwoman，butwhollyignorantofthelawsofphysiology，complainedthatthechildhadoflatebecomeobstinateandwouldnotlearn；andthatthereforeshemustpunishherbykeepingherindoorsovertheunlearntlessons。Thefather，whoknewthatthechildwasusuallyaverygoodone，lookedathercarefullyforalittlewhile；sentheroutoftheschoolroom；andthensaid，\"Thatchildmustnotopenabookforamonth。\"\"IfIhadnotactedso，\"
hesaidtome，\"Ishouldhavehadthatchilddeadofbrain-diseasewithintheyear。\"
Now，inthefaceofsuchfactsasthese，isittoomuchtoaskofmothers，sisters，aunts，nurses，governesses——allwhomaybeoccupiedinthecareofchildren，especiallyofgirls——thattheyshouldstudythriftofhumanhealthandhumanlife，bystudyingsomewhatthelawsoflifeandhealth？Therearebooks——Imaysayawholeliteratureofbooks——writtenbyscientificdoctorsonthesematters，whichareinmymindfarmoreimportanttotheschoolroomthanhalfthetrashyaccomplishments，so-called，whichareexpectedtobeknownbygovernesses。Butaretheybought？
Aretheyeventobebought，frommostcountrybooksellers？Ah，foralittleknowledgeofthelawstotheneglectofwhichisowingsomuchfearfuldisease，which，ifitdoesnotproduceimmediatedeath，toooftenleavestheconstitutionimpairedforyearstocome。Ahthewasteofhealthandstrengthintheyoung；
thewaste，too，ofanxietyandmiseryinthosewholoveandtendthem。HowmuchofitmightbesavedbyalittlerationaleducationinthoselawsofnaturewhicharethewillofGodaboutthewelfareofourbodies，andwhich，therefore，weareasmuchboundtoknowandtoobey，asweareboundtoknowandobeythespirituallawswhereondependsthewelfareofoursouls。
Pardonme，ladies，ifIhavegivenamoment’spaintoanyonehere：
butIappealtoeverymedicalmanintheroomwhetherIhavenotspokenthetruth；andhavingsuchanopportunityasthis，IfeltthatImustspeakforthesakeofchildren，andofwomenlikewise，orelseforeverhereafterholdmypeace。
Letmepassonfromthispainfulsubject——forpainfulithasbeentomeformanyyears——toaquestionofintellectualthrift——bywhichImeanjustnowthriftofwords；thriftoftruth；restraintofthetongue；accuracyandmodestyinstatement。
Motherscomplaintomethatgirlsareapttobe——notintentionallyuntruthful——butexaggerative，prejudiced，incorrect，inrepeatingaconversationordescribinganevent；andthatfromthisfaultarise，asistobeexpected，misunderstandings，quarrels，rumours，slanders，scandals，andwhatnot。
Now，forthiswasteofwordsthereisbutonecure：andifIbetoldthatitisanaturalfaultofwomen；thattheycannottakethecalmjudicialviewofmatterswhichmenboast，andoftenboastmostwrongly，thattheycantake；thatundertheinfluenceofhope，fear，delicateantipathy，honestmoralindignation，theywilllettheireyesandearsbegovernedbytheirfeelings；andseeandhearonlywhattheywishtoseeandhear——Ianswer，thatitisnotformeasamantostartsuchatheory；butthatifitbetrue，itisanadditionalargumentforsomeeducationwhichwillcorrectthissupposednaturaldefect。AndIsaydeliberatelythatthereisbutonesortofeducationwhichwillcorrectit；onewhichwillteachyoungwomentoobservefactsaccurately，judgethemcalmly，anddescribethemcarefully，withoutaddingordistorting：andthatis，sometraininginnaturalscience。
Ibegyounottobestartled：butifyouare，thentestthetruthofmytheorybyplayingto-nightatthegamecalled\"RussianScandal；\"inwhichastory，repeatedinsecretbyoneplayertotheother，comesoutattheendofthegame，owingtotheinaccurateand——forgivemeifIsayit——uneducatedbrainsthroughwhichithaspassed，utterlyunlikeitsoriginal；notonlyludicrouslymaimedanddistorted，butoftenwiththemostfantasticadditionsofevents，details，names，dates，places，whicheachplayerwillaverthathereceivedfromtheplayerbeforehim。Iamafraidthattoomuchoftheaveragegossipofeverycity，town，andvillageislittlemorethanagameof\"RussianScandal；\"withthisdifferencethatwhileoneisbutagame，theotherisbuttoomischievousearnest。
Butnow，ifamongyourpartythereshallbeanaveragelawyer，medicalman，ormanofscience，youwillfindthathe，andperhapshealone，willbeabletoretailaccuratelythestorywhichhasbeentoldhim。Andwhy？Simplybecausehismindhasbeentrainedtodealwithfacts；toascertainexactlywhathedoesseeorhear，andtoimprintitsleadingfeaturesstronglyandclearlyonhismemory。
Now，youcertainlycannotmakeyoungladiesbarristersorattorneys；noremploytheirbrainsingettingupcases，civilorcriminal；andasforchemistry，theyandtheirparentsmayhaveareasonableantipathytosmells，blackenedfingers，andoccasionalexplosionsandpoisonings。Butyoumaymakethemsomethingofbotanists，zoologists，geologists。
Icouldsaymuchonthispoint：allowmeatleasttosaythis：I
verifybelievethatanyyoungladywhowouldemploysomeofherleisuretimeincollectingwildflowers，carefullyexaminingthem，verifyingthem，andarrangingthem；orwhowouldinhersummertriptothesea-coastdothesamebythecommonobjectsoftheshore，insteadofwastingherholiday，asoneseeshundredsdoing，inloungingonbenchesontheesplanade，readingworthlessnovels，andcriticisingdresses——thatsuchayounglady，Isay，wouldnotonlyopenherownmindtoaworldofwonder，beauty，andwisdom，which，ifitdidnotmakeheramorereverentandpioussoul，shecannotbethewomanwhichItakeforgrantedsheis；butwouldsaveherselffromthehabit——Ihadalmostsaidthenecessity——ofgossip；becauseshewouldhavethingstothinkofandnotmerelypersons；factsinsteadoffancies；whileshewouldacquiresomethingofaccuracy，ofpatience，ofmethodicalobservationandjudgment，whichwouldstandheringoodsteadintheeventsofdailylife，andincreaseherpowerofbridlinghertongueandherimagination。\"Godisinheaven，andthouuponearth；thereforeletthywordsbefew；\"isthelessonwhichthosearelearningalldaylongwhostudytheworksofGodwithreverentaccuracy，lestbymisrepresentingthemtheyshouldbetemptedtosaythatGodhasdonethatwhichHehasnot；andinthatwholesomedisciplineI
longthatwomenaswellasmenshouldshare。
AndnowIcometoathriftofthehighestkind，ascontrastedwithawastethemostdeplorableandruinousofall；thriftofthosefacultieswhichconnectuswiththeunseenandspiritualworld；
withhumanity，withChrist，withGod；thriftoftheimmortalspirit。Iamnotgoingnowtogiveyouasermononduty。Youhearsuch，Idoubtnot，inchurcheverySunday，farbetterthanI
canpreachtoyou。Iamgoingtospeakratherofthriftoftheheart，thriftoftheemotions。Howtheyarewastedinthesedaysinreadingwhatarecalledsensationnovels，allknowbuttoowell；howBritishliterature——allthatthebestheartsandintellectsamongourforefathershavebequeathedtous——isneglectedforlightfiction，thereadingofwhichis，asaladywellsaid，\"theworstformofintemperance——dram-drinkingandopium-eating，intellectualandmoral。\"
Iknowthattheyoungwilldelight——theyhavedelightedinallages，andwilltotheendoftime——infictionswhichdealwiththat\"oldesttalewhichisforevernew。\"Novelswillberead：
butthatisallthemorereasonwhywomenshouldbetrained，bytheperusalofahigher，broader，deeperliterature，todistinguishthegoodnovelfromthebad，themoralfromtheimmoral，thenoblefromthebase，thetrueworkofartfromtheshamwhichhidesitsshallownessandvulgarityunderatangledplotandmelodramaticsituations。Sheshouldlearn——andthatshecanonlylearnbycultivation——todiscernwithjoy，anddrinkinwithreverence，thegood，thebeautiful，andthetrue；andtoturnwiththefinescornofapureandstrongwomanhoodfromthebad，theugly，andthefalse。
Andifanyparentshouldbeinclinedtoreply：\"WhylaysomuchstressuponeducatingagirlinBritishliterature？Isitnotfarmoreimportanttomakeourdaughtersreadreligiousbooks？\"I
answer——Ofcourseitis。ItakeforgrantedthatthatisdoneinaChristianland。ButIbegyoutorecollectthattherearebooksandbooks；andthatinthesedaysofafreepressitisimpossible，inthelongrun，topreventgirlsreadingbooksofverydifferentshadesofopinion，andverydifferentreligiousworth。Itmaybe，therefore，oftheveryhighestimportancetoagirltohaveherintellect，hertaste，heremotions，hermoralsense，inaword，herwholewomanhood，socultivatedandregulatedthatsheshallherselfbeabletodiscernthetruefromthefalse，theorthodoxfromtheunorthodox，thetrulydevoutfromthemerelysentimental，theGospelfromitscounterfeits。
IshouldhavethoughtthatthereneverhadbeeninBritain，sincetheReformation，acrisisatwhichyoungEnglishwomenrequiredmorecarefulcultivationonthesematters；ifatleasttheyaretobesavedfrommakingthemselvesandtheirfamiliesmiserable；andfromending——asIhaveknowntoomanyend——withbrokenhearts，brokenbrains，brokenhealth，andanearlygrave。
Takewarningbywhatyouseeabroad。Ineverycountrywherethewomenareuneducated，unoccupied；wheretheironlyliteratureisFrenchnovelsortranslationsofthem——ineveryoneofthosecountriesthewomen，eventothehighest，aretheslavesofsuperstition，andthepuppetsofpriests。Inproportionas，incertainothercountries——notably，Iwillsay，inScotland——thewomenarehighlyeducated，familylifeandfamilysecretsaresacred，andthewomanownsallegianceanddevotiontonoconfessorordirector，buttoherownhusbandortoherownfamily。
Isayplainly，thatifanyparentswishtheirdaughterstosuccumbatleasttosomequackeryorsuperstition，whethercallingitselfscientific，orcallingitselfreligious——andtherearetoomanyofbothjustnow——theycannotmorecertainlyeffecttheirpurposethanbyallowinghertogrowupignorant，frivolous，luxurious，vain；withheremotionsexcited，butnotsatisfied，bythereadingoffoolishandevenimmoralnovels。
Insuchacasethemoredelicateandgracefultheorganisation，themorenobleandearnestthenature，whichhasbeenneglected，themorecertainitis——IknowtoowellwhatIamsaying——togoastray。
Thetimeofdepression，disappointment，vacuity，allbutdespairmustcome。Theimmortalspirit，findingnohealthysatisfactionforitshighestaspirations，isbuttoolikelytobetakeitselftoanunhealthyandexcitingsuperstition。Ashamedofitsownlongself-indulgence，itisbuttoolikelytofleefromitselfintoamorbidasceticism。NothavingbeentaughtitsGod-givenandnaturaldutiesintheworld，itisbuttoolikelytobetakeitself，fromthemerecravingforaction，toself-inventedandunnaturaldutiesoutoftheworld。Ignorantoftruescience，yetcravingtounderstandthewondersofnatureandofspirit，itisbuttoolikelytobetakeitselftonon-science——nonsenseasitisusuallycalled——whetherofspirit-rappingandmesmerism，orofmiraculousrelicsandwinkingpictures。Longingforguidanceandteaching，andneverhavingbeentaughttoguideandteachitself，itisbuttoolikelytodeliveritselfupinself-despairtotheguidanceandteachingofthosewho，whethertheybequacksorfanatics，lookonuneducatedwomenastheirnaturalprey。
Youwillsee，Iamsure，fromwhatIhavesaid，thatitisnotmywishthatyoushouldbecomemerelearnedwomen；merefemalepedants，asuselessandunpleasingasmalepedantsarewonttobe。
TheeducationwhichIsetbeforeyouisnottobegotbymerehearinglecturesorreadingbooks：foritisaneducationofyourwholecharacter；aself-education；whichreallymeansacommittingofyourselftoGod，thatHemayeducateyou。Hearinglecturesisgood，foritwillteachyouhowmuchthereistobeknown，andhowlittleyouknow。Readingbooksisgood，foritwillgiveyouhabitsofregularanddiligentstudy。AndthereforeIurgeonyoustronglyprivatestudy，especiallyincasealibraryshouldbeformedhereofbooksonthosemostpracticalsubjectsofwhichI
havebeenspeaking。But，afterall，bothlecturesandbooksaregood，mainlyinasfarastheyfurnishmatterforreflection：
whilethedesiretoreflectandtheabilitytoreflectmustcome，asIbelieve，fromabove。Thehonestcravingafterlightandpower，afterknowledge，wisdom，activeusefulness，mustcome——andmayitcometoyou——bytheinspirationoftheSpiritofGod。
Onewordmore，andIhavedone。Letmeaskwomentoeducatethemselves，notfortheirownsakesmerely，butforthesakeofothers。For，whethertheywillornot，theymusteducateothers。
Idonotspeakmerelyofthosewhomaybeengagedintheworkofdirectteaching；thattheyoughttobewelltaughtthemselves，whocandoubt？Ispeakofthose——andinsodoingIspeakofeverywoman，youngandold——whoexerciseaswife，asmother，asaunt，assister，orasfriend，aninfluence，indirectitmaybe，andunconscious，butstillpotentandpractical，onthemindsandcharactersofthoseaboutthem，especiallyofmen。Howpotentandpracticalthatinfluenceis，thoseknowbestwhoknowmostoftheworldandmostofhumannature。Therearethosewhoconsider——andIagreewiththem——thattheeducationofboysundertheageoftwelveyearsoughttobeentrustedasmuchaspossibletowomen。
Letmeask——ofwhatperiodofyouthandmanhooddoesnotthesameholdtrue？Ipitytheignoranceandconceitofthemanwhofanciesthathehasnothinglefttolearnfromcultivatedwomen。
Ishouldhavethoughtthattheverymissionofwomanwastobe，inthehighestsense，theeducatorofmanfrominfancytooldage；
thatthatwastheworktowardswhichalltheGod-givencapacitiesofwomenpointed；forwhichtheyweretobeeducatedtothehighestpitch。Ishouldhavethoughtthatitwasthegloryofwomanthatshewassentintotheworldtoliveforothers，ratherthanforherself；andthereforeIshouldsay——Lethersmallestrightsberespected，hersmallestwrongsredressed：butletherneverbepersuadedtoforgetthatsheissentintotheworldtoteachman——what，Ibelieve，shehasbeenteachinghimallalong，eveninthesavagestate——namely，thatthereissomethingmorenecessarythantheclaimingofrights，andthatis，theperformingofduties；toteachhimspecially，intheseso-calledintellectualdays，thatthereissomethingmorethanintellect，andthatis——
purityandvirtue。Letherneverbepersuadedtoforgetthathercallingisnotthelowerandmoreearthlyoneofself-assertion，butthehigherandthedivinercallingofself-sacrifice；andletherneverdesertthathigherlife，whichlivesinothersandforothers，likeherRedeemerandherLord。
Andifanyshouldanswerthatthisdoctrinewouldkeepwomanadependentandaslave，Irejoin——Notso：itwouldkeepherwhatsheshouldbe——themistressofallaroundher，becausemistressofherself。Andmore，Ishouldexpressafearthatthosewhomadethatanswerhadnotyetseenintothemysteryoftruegreatnessandtruestrength；thattheydidnotyetunderstandthetruemagnanimity，thetrueroyaltyofthatspirit，bywhichtheSonofmancamenottobeministeredunto，buttominister，andtogiveHislifearansomformany。
Surelythatiswoman’scalling——toteachman：andtoteachhimwhat？Toteachhim，afterall，thathiscallingisthesameashers，ifhewillbutseethethingswhichbelongtohispeace。Totemperhisfiercer，coarser，moreself-assertivenature，bythecontactofhergentleness，purity，self-sacrifice。Tomakehimseethatnotbyblareoftrumpets，notbynoise，wrath，greed，ambition，intrigue，puffery，isgoodandlastingworktobedoneonearth：butbywiseself-distrust，bysilentlabour，byloftyself-control，bythatcharitywhichhopethallthings，believethallthings，endurethallthings；bysuchanexample，inshort，aswomennowintensofthousandssettothosearoundthem；suchastheywillshowmoreandmore，themoretheirwholewomanhoodiseducatedtoemployitspowerswithoutwasteandwithouthasteinharmoniousunity。Letthewomanbeginingirlhood，ifsuchbeherhappylot——toquotethewordsofagreatpoet，agreatphilosopher，andagreatChurchman，WilliamWordsworth——letherbegin，Isay-
WithallthingsroundaboutherdrawnFromMay-timeandthecheerfuldawn；
Adancingshape，animagegay，Tohaunt，tostartle，andwaylay。
Letherdeveloponwards-
Aspirit，yetawomantoo，Withhouseholdmotionslightandfree，Andstepsofvirginliberty。
AcountenanceinwhichshallmeetSweetrecords，promisesassweet；
AcreaturenottoobrightandgoodForhumannature’sdailyfood；
Fortransientsorrows，simplewiles，Praise，blame，love，kisses，tears，andsmiles。
Butletherhighestandherfinaldevelopmentbethatwhichnotnature，butself-educationalonecanbring——thatwhichmakesheronceandforever-
Abeingbreathingthoughtfulbreath；
Atravellerbetwixtlifeanddeath。
Withreasonfirm，withtemperatewillEndurance，foresight，strength，andskill。
Aperfectwoman，noblyplanned，Towarn，tocomfort，andcommand。
AndyetaspiritstillandbrightWithsomethingofanangellight。
NAUSICAAINLONDON；OR，THELOWEREDUCATIONOFWOMEN
FreshfromtheMarblesoftheBritishMuseum，IwentmywaythroughLondonstreets。Mybrainwasstillfulloffairandgrandforms；theformsofmenandwomenwhoseeverylimbandattitudebetokenedperfecthealth，andgrace，andpower，andself-
possessionandself-restraintsohabitualandcompletethatithadbecomeunconscious，andundistinguishablefromthenativefreedomofthesavage。ForIhadbeenupanddownthecorridorsofthoseGreeksculptures，whichremainasaperpetualsermontorichandpoor，amidourartificial，unwholesome，anditmaybedecayingpseudo-civilisation，sayingwithlooksmoreexpressivethanallwords——Suchmenandwomencanbe；forsuchtheyhavebeen；andsuchyoumaybeyet，ifyouwillusethatscienceofwhichyoutoooftenonlyboast。Aboveall，IhadbeenponderingovertheawfulandyettenderbeautyofthemaidenfiguresfromtheParthenonanditskindredtemples。Andthese，orsuchasthese，Ithoughttomyself，werethesistersofthemenwhofoughtatMarathonandSalamis；themothersofmanyamanamongthetenthousandwhomXenophonledbackfromBabylontotheBlackSeashore；theancestressesofmanyamanwhoconqueredtheEastinAlexander’shost，andfoughtwithPorusinthefarPunjab。Andwerethesewomenmeredolls？Thesemenmeregladiators？Weretheynottheparentsofphilosophy，science，poetry，theplasticarts？Wetalkofeducationnow。ArewemoreeducatedthanweretheancientGreeks？Doweknowanythingabouteducation，physical，intellectual，oraesthetic，andImaysaymorallikewise——
religiouseducation，ofcourse，inoursenseoftheworld，theyhadnone——butdoweknowanythingabouteducationofwhichtheyhavenottaughtusatleasttherudiments？Aretherenotsomebranchesofeducationwhichtheyperfected，onceandforever；
leavingusnorthernbarbarianstofollow，orelsenottofollow，theirexample？Toproducehealth，thatis，harmonyandsympathy，proportionandgrace，ineveryfacultyofmindandbody——thatwastheirnotionofeducation。Toproducethat，thetext-bookoftheirchildhoodwasthepoetryofHomer，andnotof——ButIamtreadingondangerousground。ItwasforthisthattheseafaringGreekladwastaughttofindhisidealinUlysses；whilehissisterathomefoundhers，itmaybe，inNausicaa。Itwasforthis，thatwhenperhapsthemostcompleteandexquisiteofalltheGreeks，Sophoclesthegood，belovedbygodsandmen，representedontheAthenianstagehisdramaofNausicaa，and，asusual，couldnot——forhehadnovoice——himselftakeaspeakingpart，hewascontenttodoonethinginwhichhespeciallyexcelled；anddressedandmaskedasagirl，toplayatballamidthechorusofNausicaa’smaidens。
ThatdramaofNausicaaislost；andifIdaresaysoofanyplayofSophocles’，Iscarceregretit。Itiswell，perhaps，thatwehavenosecondconceptionofthescene，tointerferewiththesimplicity，sogrand，andyetsotender，ofHomer’sidyllicepisode。
Nausicaa，itmustberemembered，isthedaughterofaking。ButnotofakingintheexclusivemodernEuropeanoroldEasternsense。Herfather，Alcinous，issimplyprimusinterparesamongacommunityofmerchants，whoarecalled\"kings\"likewise；andMayorforlife——sotospeak——ofanewtradingcity，anascentGenoaorVenice，ontheshoreoftheMediterranean。ButthegirlNausicaa，asshesleepsinher\"carvedchamber，\"is\"liketheimmortalsinformandface；\"andtwohandmaidenswhosleeponeachsideofthepolisheddoor\"havebeautyfromtheGraces。\"
Toherthereenters，intheshapeofsomemaidenfriend，nonelessthanPallasAtheneherself，intentonsavingworthilyherfavourite，theshipwreckedUlysses；andbidsherinadreamgoforth——andwashtheclothes。{6}
Nausicaa，whereforedoththymotherbearChildsoforgetful？Thislongtimedothrest，Likelumberinthehouse，muchraimentfair。
Soonmustthouwed，andbethyselfwell-drest，Andfindthybridegroomraimentofthebest。
Thesearethethingswhencegoodreputeisborn，Andpraisesthatmakegladaparent’sbreast。
Come，letusbothgowashingwiththemorn；
Soshaltthouhaveclothesbecomingtobeworn。
Knowthatthymaidenhoodisnotforlong，WhomthePhoeacianchiefsalreadywoo，Lordsofthelandwhencethouthyselfartsprung。
Soonastheshiningdawncomesforthanew，Forwainandmulesthynoblefathersue，WhichtotheplaceofwashingshallconveyGirdlesandshawlsandrugsofsplendidhue，ThisforthyselfwerebetterthanessayThithertowalk：theplaceisdistantalongway。
Startledbyherdream，Nausicaaawakes，andgoestofindherparents-
Onebythehearthsat，withthemaidsaround，Andontheskeinsofyarn，sea-purpled，spentHermorningtoil。Himtothecouncilbound，Calledbythehonouredkings，justgoingforthshefound。
Andcallinghim，asshemightnow，Pappaphile，DearPapa，asksforthemule-waggon：butitisherfather’sandherfivebrothers’clothesshefainwouldwash，-
Ashamedtonamehermarriagetoherfatherdear。
Butheunderstoodall——andshegoesforthinthemule-waggon，withtheclothes，afterhermotherhasputin\"achestofallkindsofdelicatefood，andmeat，andwineinagoatskin；\"andlastbutnotleast，theindispensablecruseofoilforanointingafterthebath，towhichbothJews，Greeks，andRomansowedsomuchhealthandbeauty。Andthenwereadinthesimpleverseofapoettoorefined，liketherestofhisrace，toseeanythingmeanorridiculousinthatwhichwasnotuglyandunnatural，howsheandhermaidsgotintothe\"polishedwaggon，\"\"withgoodwheels，\"andshe\"tookthewhipandthestuddedreins，\"and\"beatthemtilltheystarted；\"andhowthemules，\"rattled\"away，and\"pulledagainsteachother，\"tillWhentheycametothefairflowingriverWhichfeedsgoodlavatoriesalltheyear，Fittedtocleanseallsulliedrobessoever，Theyfromthewainthemulesunharnessedthere，Andchasedthemfree，tocroptheirjuicyfareBytheswiftriver，onthemargingreen；
ThentothewatersdashedtheclothestheybareAndinthestream-filledtrenchesstampedthemclean。
Which，havingwashedandcleansed，theyspreadbeforeThesunbeams，onthebeach，wheremostdidlieThickpebbles，bythesea-wavewashedashore。
So，havingleftthemintheheattodry，Theytothebathwentdown，andby-and-by，Rubbedwithrichoil，theirmiddaymealessay，Couchedingreenturf，theriverrollingnigh。
Then，throwingofftheirveils，atballtheyplay，Whilethewhite-armedNausicaaleadsthechorallay。
Themerebeautyofthissceneallwillfeel，whohavethesenseofbeautyinthem。YetitisnotonthataspectwhichIwishtodwell，butonitshealthfulness。Exerciseistaken，inmeasuredtime，tothesoundofsong，asadutyalmost，aswellasanamusement。Forthisgameofball，whichisherementionedforthefirsttimeinhumanliterature，nearlythreethousandyearsago，washeldbytheGreeksandbytheRomansafterthem，tobeanalmostnecessarypartofaliberaleducation；principally，doubtless，fromthedevelopmentwhichitproducedintheupperhalfofthebody，notmerelytothearms，buttothechest，byraisingandexpandingtheribs，andtoallthemusclesofthetorso，whetherperpendicularoroblique。Theelasticityandgracewhichitwasbelievedtogiveweresomuchprized，thataroomforball-play，andateacheroftheart，wereintegralpartsofeverygymnasium；andtheAthenianswentsofarastobestowononefamousball-player，AristonicusofCarystia，astatueandtherightsofcitizenship。TheroughandhardyyoungSpartans，whenpassingfromboyhoodintomanhood，receivedthetitleofball-
players，seeminglyfromthegamewhichitwasthentheirspecialdutytolearn。InthecaseofNausicaaandhermaidens，thegamewouldjustbringintotheirrightplacesallthatisliabletobecontractedandweakenedinwomen，somanyofwhoseoccupationsmustneedsbesedentaryandstooping；whilethesongwhichaccompaniedthegameatoncefilledthelungsregularlyandrhythmically，andpreventedviolentmotion，orunseemlyattitude。
We，thecivilised，needphysiologiststoremindusofthesesimplefacts，andeventhendonotactonthem。Thoseoldhalf-barbarousGreekshadfoundthemoutforthemselves，and，moreover，actedonthem。
ButfairNausicaamusthavebeen——somewillsay——surelyamerechildofnature，andanuncultivatedperson？
Sofarfromit，thatherwholedemeanourandspeechshowcultureoftheveryhighestsort，fullof\"sweetnessandlight。\"——
Intelligentandfearless，quicktoperceivethebearingsofherstrangeandsuddenadventure，quicktoperceivethecharacterofUlysses，quicktoanswerhisloftyandrefinedpleadingbywordsasloftyandrefined，andpiouswithal；——foritisshewhospeakstoherhandmaidstheoncesofamouswords：
StrangersandpoormenallaresentfromZeus；
Andalms，thoughsmall，aresweet。
Clearofintellect，promptofaction，modestofdemeanour，shrinkingfromtheslightestbreathofscandal；whilesheisnotashamed，whenUlysses，bathedanddressed，lookshimselfagain，towhispertohermaidensherwishthattheGodsmightsendhersuchaspouse。——ThisisNausicaaasHomerdrawsher；andasmanyascholarandpoetsinceHomerhasacceptedherfortheidealofnoblemaidenhood。IaskmyreaderstostudyforthemselvesherinterviewwithUlysses，inMr。Worsley’stranslation，orratherinthegrandsimplicityoftheoriginalGreek，{7}andjudgewhetherNausicaaisnotasperfectaladyasthepoetwhoimaginedher——
or，itmaybe，drewherfromlife——musthavebeenaperfectgentleman；bothcompleteinthose\"manners\"which，saystheoldproverb，\"maketheman：\"butwhicharethewomanherself；becausewithher——whoactsmorebyemotionthanbycalculation——mannersaretheoutwardandvisibletokensofherinwardandspiritualgrace，ordisgrace；andflowinstinctively，whethergoodorbad，fromtheinstinctsofherinnernature。
True，Nausicaacouldneitherreadnorwrite。Nomore，mostprobably，couldtheauthoroftheOdyssey。Nomore，forthatmatter，couldAbraham，Isaac，andJacob，thoughtheywereplainly，bothinmindandmanners，mosthighly-cultivatedmen。Readingandwriting，ofcourse，havenowbecomenecessariesofhumanity；andaretobegiventoeveryhumanbeing，thathemaystartfairintheraceoflife。ButIamnotawarethatGreekwomenimprovedmuch，eitherinmanners，morals，orhappiness，byacquiringtheminaftercenturies。AwisemanwouldsoonerseehisdaughteraNausicaathanaSappho，anAspasia，aCleopatra，orevenanHypatia。
Fullofsuchthoughts，IwentthroughLondonstreets，amongtheNausicaasofthepresentday；thegirlsoftheperiod；thedaughtersandhereaftermothersofourfuturerulers，thegreatDemosorcommercialmiddleclassofthegreatestmercantilecityintheworld：andnotedwhatIhadnotedwithfearandsorrow，manyaday，formanyayear；atype，andanincreasingtype，ofyoungwomenwhocertainlyhadnothadthe\"advantages，\"
\"educational\"andother，ofthatGreekNausicaaofold。
Ofcourse，insuchacityasLondon，towhichthebestofeverything，physicalandother，gravitates，Icouldnotbutpass，nowandthen，beautifulpersons，whomademeproudofthosegrandesAnglaisesauxjouesrouges，whomtheParisiennesridicule——
andenvy。ButIcouldnothelpsuspectingthattheirlooksshowedthemtobeeithercountry-bred，orbornofcountryparents；
andthissuspicionwasstrengthenedbythefactthat，whencomparedwiththeirmothers，themother’sphysiquewas，inthemajorityofcases，superiortothedaughters’。Painfulitwas，tooneaccustomedtotheruddywell-grownpeasantgirl，stalwart，evenwhen，asoften，squatandplain，toremarktheexceedinglysmallsizeoftheaverageyoungwoman；bywhichIdonotmeanmerewantofheight——thatisalittlematter——butwantofbreadthlikewise；ageneralwantofthoselargeframes，whichindicateusuallyapowerofkeepingstrongandhealthynotmerelythemuscles，butthebrainitself。
Poorlittlethings。Ipassedhundreds——Ipasshundredseveryday——
tryingtohidetheirlittlenessbythenastymassoffalsehair——
orwhatdoesdutyforit；andbytheuglyanduselesshatwhichisstuckuponit，makingtheheadtherebylookridiculouslylargeandheavy；andbythehighheelsonwhichtheytotteronward，havingforgotten，orneverlearnt，thesimpleartofwalking；theirbodiestiltedforwardinthatungracefulattitudewhichiscalled——
whythatnameofallothers？——a\"Grecianbend；\"seeminglykeptontheirfeet，andkepttogetheratall，inthatstrangeattitude，bytightstayswhichpreventedallgracefulandhealthymotionofthehipsorsides；theirraiment，meanwhile，beingpurposelymisshapeninthisdirectionandinthat，tohide——itmustbepresumed——
deficienciesofform。Ifthatchignonandthoseheelshadbeentakenoff，thefigurewhichwouldhaveremainedwouldhavebeenthattoooftenofapunygirlofsixteen。Andyettherewasnodoubtthatthesewomenwerenotonlyfullgrown，butsomeofthem，alas！wivesandmothers。
Poorlittlethings。——Andthistheyhavegainedbyso-calledcivilisation：thepowerofapingthe\"fashions\"bywhichtheworn-out\"Parisienne\"hidesherownpersonaldefects；andofmakingthemselves，byinnatewantofthattastewhichthe\"Parisienne\"possesses，onlythecauseofsomethinglikeasneerfrommanyacultivatedman；andofsomethinglikeasneer，too，fromyondergipsywomanwhopassesby，withboldbrightface，andswinginghip，andfootstepstatelyandelastic；farbetterdressed，accordingtoalltruecanonsoftaste，thanmosttown-
girls；andthankingherfatethatsheandher\"Rom\"arenohouse-
dwellersandgaslight-sightseers，butfattenonfreeairupontheopenmoor。
Butthefacewhichisbeneaththatchignonandthathat？Well——itissometimespretty：buthowseldomhandsome，whichisahigherqualitybyfar。Itisnot，strangetosay，awell-fedface。
Plentyofmoney，andperhapstoomuch，isspentonthosefineclothes。Ithadbeenbetter，tojudgefromthecomplexion，ifsomeofthatmoneyhadbeenspentinsolidwholesomefood。Shelooksasifshelived——asshetoooftendoes，Ihear——onteaandbread-and-butter，orratheronbreadwiththeminimumofbutter。
Forasthewantofboneindicatesadeficiencyofphosphaticfood，sodoesthewantoffleshaboutthecheeksindicateadeficiencyofhydrocarbon。PoorlittleNausicaa：-thatisnotherfault。
Ourboastedcivilisationhasnoteventaughtherwhattoeat，asitcertainlyhasnotincreasedherappetite；andsheknowsnot——
whateverycountryfellowknows——thatwithoutplentyofbutterandotherfattymatters，sheisnotlikelytokeepevenwarm。Bettertoeatnastyfatbaconnow，thantosupplythewantofitsomefewyearshencebynastiercod-liveroil。Butthereisnooneyettotellherthat，andadozenotherequallysimplefacts，forherownsake，andforthesakeofthatcomingDemoswhichsheistobringintotheworld；aDemoswhich，ifwecanonlykeepithealthyinbodyandbrain，hasbeforeitsosplendidafuture：butwhich，ifbodyandbraindegradebeneaththeinfluenceofmodernbarbarism，isbuttoolikelytofollowtheDemosofancientByzantium，orofmodernParis。
Ay，butherintellect。Sheissoclever，andshereadssomuch，andsheisgoingtobetaughttoreadsomuchmore。
Ahwell——therewasonceasciencecalledPhysiognomy。TheGreeks，fromwhatIcanlearn，knewmoreofitthananypeoplesince：
thoughtheItalianpaintersandsculptorsmusthaveknownmuch；
farmorethanwe。Inamorescientificcivilisationtherewillbesuchascienceoncemore：butitslaws，thoughstillintheempiricstage，arenotaltogetherforgottenbysome。Littlechildrenhaveoftenafineandclearinstinctofthem。Manycultivatedandexperiencedwomenhaveafineandclearinstinctofthemlikewise。AndsomesuchwouldtellusthatthereisintellectinplentyinthemodernNausicaa：butnotofthequalitywhichtheydesirefortheircountry’sfuturegood。Self-
consciousness，eagerness，volubility，petulanceincountenance，ingesture，andinvoice——whichlastistoooftenmostharshandartificial，thebreathbeingsentforththroughtheclosedteeth，andalmostentirelyatthecornersofthemouth——and，withallthis，awearinessoftenaboutthewrinklingforeheadandthedroopinglids；——allthese，whicharegrowingtoocommon，notamongtheDemosonly，noronlyinthetowns，aresigns，theythink，oftheunrestofunhealth，physical，intellectual，spiritual。Atleasttheyareasdifferentastwotypesofphysiognomyinthesameracecanbe，fromtheexpressionbothoffaceandgesture，inthoseoldGreeksculptures，andintheoldItalianpainters；and，itmustbesaid，intheportraitsofReynolds，andGainsborough，Copley，andRomney。Notsuch，onethinks，musthavebeenthemothersofBritainduringthelatterhalfofthelastcenturyandthebeginningofthepresent；whentheirsons，attimes，wereholdinghalftheworldatbay。
AndifNausicaahasbecomesuchintown：whatisshewhenshegoestotheseaside，nottowashtheclothesinfresh-water，butherselfinsalt——theverysalt-water，ladenwithdecayingorganisms，fromwhich，thoughnotpollutedfurtherbyadozensewers，Ulysseshadtocleansehimself，anointing，too，withoil，erehewasfittoappearinthecompanyofNausicaaofGreece？
Shedirtiesherselfwiththedirtysaltwater；andprobablychillsandtiresherselfbywalkingthitherandback，andstayingintoolong；andthenflauntsonthepier，bedizenedingarmentswhich，formonstrosityofformanddisharmonyofcolours，wouldhavesetthatGreekNausicaa’steethonedge，orthoseofanyaverageHindoowomannow。Or，evensadderstill，shesitsonchairsandbenchesallthewearyafternoon，herheaddroopedonherchest，oversomenovelfromthe\"Library；\"andthenreturnstoteaandshrimps，andlodgingsofwhichthefragranceisnotunsuggestive，sometimesnotunproductive，oftyphoidfever。Ah，poorNausicaaofEngland！Thatisasadsighttosomewhothinkaboutthepresent，andhavereadaboutthepast。Itisnotasadsighttoseeyouroldfather——tradesman，orclerk，orwhatnot——whohasdonegoodworkinhisday，andhopestodosomemore，sittingbyyouroldmother，whohasdonegoodworkinherday——amongtherest，thatheaviestworkofall，thebringingyouintotheworldandkeepingyouinittillnow——honest，kindly，cheerfulfolkenough，andnotinefficientintheirowncalling；thoughanaverageNorthumbrian，orHighlander，orIrishEasterling，besidecarryingabrainoffivetimestheintellectualforce，coulddrivefivesuchmenoverthecliffwithhisbarehands。Itisnotasadsight，Isay，toseethemsittingaboutuponthoseseasidebenches，lookingoutlistlesslyatthewater，andtheships，andthesunlight，andenjoying，likesomanyfliesuponawall，thenovelactofdoingnothing。Itisnottheoldforwhomwisemenaresad：butforyou。Whereisyourvitality？Whereisyour\"Lebens-gluckseligkeit，\"yourenjoymentofsuperfluouslifeandpower？Whyyoucannotevendanceandsing，tillnowandthen，atnight，perhaps，whenyououghttoliesafeinbed，butwhentheweakbrain，afterreceivingtheday’snourishment，hasrouseditselfasecondtimeintoafalseexcitementofgaslightpleasure。