Theseartificersmustbegroupedtogether，accordingtotheparticularbranchofscienceinwhichtheyneedelementaryandpracticalinstruction；andaspeciallectureorlecturesshouldbepreparedforeachgroup。Andtheselecturesshouldbegivenintheevening，soasnottointerruptthelaborsoftheday。Theschool，particularly，shouldbemaintainedwhollyatthepublicexpense，onthesameprincipleswiththatofthewardschools。Throughthewholeofthecollegiatecourse，atthehoursofrecreationoncertaindays，allthestudentsshouldbetaughtthemanualexercise；militaryevolutionsandman；oeuversshouldbeunderastandingorganizationasamilitarycorps，andwithproperofficerstotrainandcommandthem，Atabularstatementofthisdistributionofthescienceswillplacethesystemofinstructionmoreparticularlyinview：
1storElementaryGradeintheWardSchools。
Reading，Writing，Arithmetic，Geography。
2d，orGeneralGrade。
1。LanguageandHistory，ancientandmodern。
2。Mathematics，viz：Mathematicspure，Physico-Mathematics，Physics，Chemistry，Anatomy，TheoryofMedicine，Zoology，BotanyandMineralogy。P1352p1
3。Philosophy，viz：Ideology，andEthics，LawofNatureandNations，Government，PoliticalEconomy。
3d，orProfessionalGrades。
TheologyandEcclesiasticalHistory；Law，MunicipalandForeign；PracticeofMedicine；MateriaMedicaandPharmacy；Surgery；
Architecture，MilitaryandNaval，andProjectiles；TechnicalPhilosophy；RuralEconomy；FineArts。
Onthissurveyofthefieldofscience，Irecurtothequestion，whatportionofitwemarkoutfortheoccupationofourinstitution?Withthefirstgradeofeducationweshallhavenothingtodo。Thesciencesofthesecondgradeareourfirstobject；and，toadaptthemtoourslenderbeginnings，wemustseparatethemintogroups，comprehendingmanyscienceseach，andgreatlymore，inthefirstinstance，thanoughttobeimposedon，orcanbecompetentlyconductedbyasingleprofessorpermanently。Theymustbesubdividedfromtimetotime，asourmeansincrease，untileachprofessorshallhavenomoreunderhiscarethanhecanattendtowithadvantagetohispupilsandeasetohimself。Forthepresent，wemaygroupthesciencesintoprofessorships，asfollows，subject，however，tobechanged，accordingtothequalificationsofthepersonswemaybeabletoengage。
I。Professorship。
LanguagesandHistory，ancientandmodern。
Belles-Lettres，RhetoricandOratory。
II。Professorship。
Mathematicspure，Physico-Mathematics。
Physics，Anatomy，Medicine，Theory。
III。Professorship。
Chemistry，Zoology，Botany，Mineralogy。
IV。Professorship。
Philosophy。
Theorganizationofthebranchoftheinstitutionwhichrespectsitsgovernment，policeandeconomy，dependingonprincipleswhichhavenoaffinitywiththoseofitsinstitution，maybethesubjectofseparateandsubsequentconsideration。
Withthistributeofdutytotheboardoftrustees，acceptassurancesofmygreatesteemandconsideration。
ALIBRARYFORCONGRESS
_ToSamuelH。Smith_
_Monticello，September21，1814_
DEARSIR，——IlearnfromthenewspapersthattheVandalismofourenemyhastriumphedatWashingtonoverscienceaswellasthearts，bythedestructionofthepubliclibrarywiththenobleedificeinwhichitwasdeposited。Ofthistransaction，asofthatofCopenhagen，theworldwillentertainbutonesentiment。Theywillseeanationsuddenlywithdrawnfromagreatwar，fullarmedandfullhanded，takingadvantageofanotherwhomtheyhadrecentlyforcedintoit，unarmed，andunprepared，toindulgethemselvesinactsofbarbarismwhichdonotbelongtoacivilizedage。WhenVanGhentdestroyedtheirshippingatChatham，andDeRuyterrodetriumphantlyuptheThames，hemightinlikemanner，bytheacknowledgmentoftheirownhistorians，haveforcedalltheirshipsuptoLondonbridge，andtherehaveburntthem，thetower，andcity，hadtheseexamplesbeenthenset。London，whenthusmenaced，wasnearathousandyearsold，Washingtonisbutinitsteens。
IpresumeitwillbeamongtheearlyobjectsofCongresstore-commencetheircollection。Thiswillbedifficultwhilethewarcontinues，andintercoursewithEuropeisattendedwithsomuchrisk。
Youknowmycollection，itsconditionandextent。Ihavebeenfiftyyearsmakingit，andhavesparednopains，opportunityorexpense，tomakeitwhatitis。WhileresidinginParis，IdevotedeveryafternoonIwasdisengaged，forasummerortwo，inexaminingalltheprincipalbook-stores，turningovereverybookwithmyownhand，andputtingbyeverythingwhichrelatedtoAmerica，andindeedwhateverwasrareandvaluableineveryscience。Besidesthis，IhadstandingordersduringthewholetimeIwasinEurope，onitsprincipalbook-marts，particularlyAmsterdam，Frankfort，MadridandLondon，forsuchworksrelatingtoAmericaascouldnotbefoundinParis。Sothatinthatdepartmentparticularly，suchacollectionwasmadeasprobablycanneveragainbeeffected，becauseitishardlyprobablethatthesameopportunities，thesametime，industry，perseveranceandexpense，withsomeknowledgeofthebibliographyofthesubject，wouldagainhappentobeinconcurrence。Duringthesameperiod，andaftermyreturntoAmerica，Iwasledtoprocure，also，whateverrelatedtothedutiesofthoseinthehighconcernsofthenation。
Sothatthecollection，whichIsupposeisofbetweennineandtenthousandvolumes，whileitincludeswhatischieflyvaluableinscienceandliteraturegenerally，extendsmoreparticularlytowhateverbelongstotheAmericanstatesman。Inthediplomaticandparliamentarybranches，itisparticularlyfull。ItislongsinceI
havebeensensibleitoughtnottocontinueprivateproperty，andhadprovidedthatatmydeath，Congressshouldhavetherefusalofitattheirownprice。Butthelosstheyhavenowincurred，makesthepresentthepropermomentfortheiraccommodation，withoutregardtothesmallremnantoftimeandthebarrenuseofmyenjoyingit。I
askofyourfriendship，therefore，tomakeformethetenderofittothelibrarycommitteeofCongress，notknowingmyselfofwhomthecommitteeconsists。Iencloseyouthecatalogue，whichwillenablethemtojudgeofitscontents。Nearlythewholearewellbound，abundanceofthemelegantly，andofthechoicesteditionsexisting。
Theymaybevaluedbypersonsnamedbythemselves，andthepaymentmadeconvenienttothepublic。Itmaybe，forinstance，insuchannualinstalmentsasthelawofCongresshasleftattheirdisposal，orinstockofanyoftheirlateloans，orofanyloantheymayinstituteatthissession，soastosparethepresentcallsofourcountry，andawaititsdaysofpeaceandprosperity。Theymayenter，nevertheless，intoimmediateuseofit，aseighteenortwentywagonswouldplaceitinWashingtoninasingletripofafortnight。I
shouldbewillingindeed，toretainafewofthebooks，toamusethetimeIhaveyettopass，whichmightbevaluedwiththerest，butnotincludedinthesumofvaluationuntiltheyshouldberestoredatmydeath，whichIwouldcarefullyprovidefor，sothatthewholelibraryasitstandsinthecatalogueatthismomentshouldbetheirswithoutanygarbling。ThoseIshouldliketoretainwouldbechieflyclassicalandmathematical。Somefewinotherbranches，andparticularlyoneofthefiveencyclopediasinthecatalogue。Butthis，ifnotacceptable，wouldnotbeurged。Imustadd，thatIhavenotrevisedthelibrarysinceIcamehometolive，sothatitisprobablesomeofthebooksmaybemissing，exceptinthechaptersofLawandDivinity，whichhavebeenrevisedandstandexactlyasinthecatalogue。Thereturnofthecataloguewillofcoursebeneeded，whetherthetenderbeacceptedornot。IdonotknowthatitcontainsanybranchofsciencewhichCongresswouldwishtoexcludefromtheircollection；thereis，infact，nosubjecttowhichamemberofCongressmaynothaveoccasiontorefer。Butsuchawishwouldnotcorrespondwithmyviewsofpreventingitsdismemberment。
Mydesireiseithertoplaceitintheirhandsentire，ortopreserveitsohere。Iamengagedinmakinganalphabeticalindexoftheauthor’snames，tobeannexedtothecatalogue，whichIwillforwardtoyouassoonascompleted。Anyagreementyoushallbesogoodastotakethetroubleofenteringintowiththecommittee，Iherebyconfirm。Accepttheassuranceofmygreatesteemandrespect。
AJUSTBUTSADWAR
_ToWilliamShort_
_Monticello，November28，1814_
DEARSIR，——YoursofOctober28thcametohandonthe15thinstantonly。ThesettlementofyourboundarywithColonelMonroe，isprotractedbycircumstanceswhichseemforeigntoit。OnewouldhardlyhaveexpectedthatthehostileexpeditiontoWashingtoncouldhavehadanyconnectionwithanoperationonehundredmilesdistant。
Yetpreventinghisattendance，nothingcouldbedone。Iamsatisfiedthereisnounwillingnessonhispart，butonthecontraryadesiretohaveitsettled；andtherefore，ifheshouldthinkitindispensabletobepresentattheinvestigation，asispossible，theveryfirsttimehecomeshereIwillpresshimtogiveadaytothedecision，withoutregardingMr。Carter’sabsence。SuchanoccasionmustcertainlyoffersoonafterthefourthofMarch，whenCongressrisesofnecessity，andbeassuredIwillnotloseonepossiblemomentineffectingit。
Althoughwithdrawnfromallanxiousattentiontopoliticalconcerns，yetIwillstatemyimpressionsastothepresentwar，becauseyourletterleadstothesubject。Theessentialgroundsofthewarwere，1st，theordersofcouncil；and2d，theimpressmentofourcitizens；forIputoutofsightfromtheloveofpeacethemultipliedinsultsonourgovernmentandaggressionsonourcommerce，withwhichourpouch，liketheIndian’s，hadlongbeenfilledtothemouth。Whatimmediatelyproducedthedeclarationwas，1st，theproclamationofthePrinceRegentthathewouldneverrepealtheordersofcouncilastous，untilBonaparteshouldhaverevokedhisdecreesastoallothernationsaswellasours；and2d，thedeclarationofhisministertooursthatnoarrangementwhatevercouldbedevisedadmissibleinlieuofimpressment。Itwascertainlyamisfortunethat_they_didnotknowthemselvesatthedateofthissillyandinsolentproclamation，thatwithinonemonththeywouldrepealtheorders，andthat_we_，atthedateofourdeclaration，couldnotknowoftherepealwhichwasthengoingononethousandleaguesdistant。Theirdeterminations，asdeclaredbythemselves，couldaloneguideus，andtheyshutthedooronallfurthernegotiation，throwingdowntousthegauntletofwarorsubmissionastheonlyalternatives。Wecannotblamethegovernmentforchoosingthatofwar，becausecertainlythegreatmajorityofthenationthoughtitoughttobechosen，notthattheyweretogainbyitindollarsandcents；allmenknowthatwarisalosinggametobothparties。Buttheyknowalsothatiftheydonotresistencroachmentatsomepoint，allwillbetakenfromthem，andthatmorewouldthenbelostevenindollarsandcentsbysubmissionthanresistance。Itisthecaseofgivingaparttosavethewhole，alimbtosavelife。
Itisthemelancholylawofhumansocietiestobecompelledsometimestochooseagreatevilinordertowardoffagreater；todetertheirneighborsfromrapinebymakingitcostthemmorethanhonestgains。
Theenemyareaccordinglynowdisgorgingwhattheyhadsoravenouslyswallowed。Theordersofcouncilhadtakenfromusnearonethousandvessels。Ourlistofcapturesfromthemisnowonethousandthreehundred，and，justbecomesensiblethatitissmallandnotlargeshipswhichgallthemmost，weshallprobablyaddonethousandprizesayeartotheirpastlosses。Again，supposingthat，accordingtotheconfessionoftheirownministerinparliament，theAmericanstheyhadimpressedweresomethingshortoftwothousand，thewaragainstusalonecannotcostthemlessthantwentymillionsofdollarsayear，sothateachAmericanimpressedhasalreadycostthemtenthousanddollars，andeveryyearwilladdfivethousanddollarsmoretohisprice。We，Isuppose，expendmore；buthadweadoptedtheotheralternativeofsubmission，nomortalcantellwhatthecostwouldhavebeen。Iconsiderthewarthenasentirelyjustifiableonourpart，althoughIamstillsensibleitisadeplorablemisfortunetous。Ithasarrestedthecourseofthemostremarkabletideofprosperityanynationeverexperienced，andhasclosedsuchprospectsoffutureimprovementaswereneverbeforeintheviewofanypeople。
Farewellallhopesofextinguishingpublicdebt！farewellallvisionsofapplyingsurplusesofrevenuetotheimprovementsofpeaceratherthantheravagesofwar。OurenemyhasindeedtheconsolationofSatanonremovingourfirstparentsfromParadise：fromapeaceableandagriculturalnation，hemakesusamilitaryandmanufacturingone。Weshallindeedsurvivetheconflict。Breedersenoughwillremaintocarryonpopulation。Weshallretainourcountry，andrapidadvancesintheartofwarwillsoonenableustobeatourenemy，andprobablydrivehimfromthecontinent。Wehavemenenough，andIaminhopesthepresentsessionofCongresswillprovidethemeansofcommandingtheirservices。ButIwishIcouldseethemgetintoabettertrainoffinance。Theirbankingprojectsarelikedosingdropsywithmorewater。Ifanythingcouldrevoltourcitizensagainstthewar，itwouldbetheextravagancewithwhichtheyareabouttobetaxed。Itisstrangeindeedthatatthisday，andinacountrywhereEnglishproceedingsaresofamiliar，theprinciplesandadvantagesoffundingshouldbeneglected，andexpedientsresortedto。Theirnewbank，ifnotabortiveatitsbirth，willnotlastthroughonecampaign；andthetaxesproposedcannotbepaid。Howcanapeoplewhocannotgetfiftycentsabushelfortheirwheat，whiletheypaytwelvedollarsabushelfortheirsalt，payfivetimestheamountoftaxestheyeverpaidbefore?YetthatwillbethecaseinalltheStatessouthofthePotomac。Ourresourcesarecompetenttothemaintenanceofthewarifdulyeconomizedandskillfulyemployedinthewayofanticipation。
However，wemustsuffer，Isuppose，fromourignoranceinfunding，aswedidfromthatoffighting，untilnecessityteachesusboth；and，fortunately，ourstaminaaresovigorousastorisesuperiortogreatmismanagement。ThisyearIthinkweshallhavelearnthowtocallforthourforce，andbythenextIhopeourfunds，andevenifthestateofEuropeshouldnotbythattimegivetheenemyemploymentenoughnearerhome，weshallleavehimnothingtofightforhere。