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　　Iamperfectlyawareoftheoppressionunderwhichyourpresentofficelaysyourmind，&oftheardorwithwhichyoupantforretirementtodomesticlife。Butthereissometimesaneminenceofcharacteronwhichsocietyhavesuchpeculiarclaimsastocontroulthepredelectionoftheindividualforaparticularwalkofhappiness，&restrainhimtothatalonearisingfromthepresent&

　　futurebenedictionsofmankind。Thisseemstobeyourcondition，&

　　thelawimposedonyoubyprovidenceinformingyourcharacter，&

　　fashioningtheeventsonwhichitwastooperate；anditistomotiveslikethese，&nottopersonalanxietiesofmineorotherswhohavenorighttocallonyouforsacrifices，thatIappealfromyourformerdetermination&urgearevisalofit，onthegroundofchangeintheaspectofthings。Shouldanhonestmajorityresultfromthenew&enlargedrepresentation；shouldthoseacquiescewhoseprinciplesorinteresttheymaycontroul，yourwishesforretirementwouldbegratifiedwithlessdanger，assoonasthatshallbemanifest，withoutawaitingthecompletionofthesecondperiodoffouryears。Oneortwosessionswilldeterminethecrisis；andI

　　cannotbuthopethatyoucanresolvetoaddoneortwomoretothemanyyearsyouhavealreadysacrificedtothegoodofmankind。

　　Thefearofsuspicionthatanyselfishmotiveofcontinuanceinofficemayenterintothissollicitationonmypartobligesmetodeclarethatnosuchmotiveexists。ItisathingofmereindifferencetothepublicwhetherIretainorrelinquishmypurposeofclosingmytourwiththefirstperiodicalrenovationofthegovernment。Iknowmyownmeasuretoowelltosupposethatmyservicescontributeanythingtothepublicconfidence，orthepublicutility。Multitudescanfilltheofficeinwhichyouhavebeenpleasedtoplaceme，asmuchtotheiradvantage&satisfaction。I

　　thereforehavenomotivetoconsultbutmyowninclination，whichisbentirresistiblyonthetranquilenjoymentofmyfamily，myfarm，&

　　mybooks。Ishouldreposeamongthemitistrue，infargreatersecurity，ifIweretoknowthatyouremainedatthewatch，andI

　　hopeitwillbeso。Totheinducementsurgedfromaviewofourdomesticaffairs，Iwilladdabaremention，ofwhatindeedneedonlybementioned，thatweightymotivesforyourcontinuancearetobefoundinourforeignaffairs。IthinkitprobablethatboththeSpanish&Englishnegotiations，ifnotcompletedbeforeyourpurposeisknown，willbesuspendedfromthemomentitisknown；&thatthelatternationwillthenusedoublediligenceinfomentingtheIndianwar——Withmywishesforthefuture，Ishallatthesametimeexpressmygratitudeforthepast，atleastmyportioninit；&begpermissiontofollowyouwhetherinpublicorprivatelifewiththosesentimentsofsincereattachment&respect，withwhichIamunalterably，DearSir，Youraffectionatefriend&humbleservant。”THEMONSTERARISTOCRACY”

　　_ToLafayette_

　　_Philadelphia，June16，1792_

　　Beholdyou，then，mydearfriend，attheheadofagreatarmy，establishingthelibertiesofyourcountryagainstaforeignenemy。

　　Mayheavenfavoryourcause，andmakeyouthechannelthro’whichitmaypourit’sfavors。Whileyouareexterminatingthemonsteraristocracy，&pullingouttheteeth&fangsofit’sassociatemonarchy，acontrarytendencyisdiscoveredinsomehere。Asecthasshewnitselfamongus，whodeclaretheyespousedournewconstitution，notasagood&sufficientthingitself，butonlyasasteptoanEnglishconstitution，theonlythinggood&sufficientinitself，intheireye。Itishappyforusthatthesearepreacherswithoutfollowers，andthatourpeoplearefirm&constantintheirrepublicanpurity。YouwillwondertobetoldthatitisfromtheEastwardchieflythatthesechampionsforaking，lords&commonscome。TheygetsomeimportantassociatesfromNewYork，andarepuffedoffbyatribeofAgioteurswhichhavebeenhatchedinabedofcorruptionmadeupafterthemodeloftheirbelovedEngland。Toomanyofthesestockjobbers&king-jobbershavecomeintoourlegislature，orrathertoomanyofourlegislaturehavebecomestockjobbers&king-jobbers。Howeverthevoiceofthepeopleisbeginningtomakeitselfheard，andwillprobablycleansetheirseatsattheensuingelection——ThemachinationsofouroldenemiesaresuchastokeepusstillatbaywithourIndianneighbors——Whatareyoudoingforyourcolonies?Theywillbelostifnotmoreeffectuallysuccoured。Indeednofutureeffortsyoucanmakewilleverbeabletoreducetheblacks。AllthatcanbedoneinmyopinionwillbetocompoundwiththemashasbeendoneformerlyinJamaica。Wehavebeenlesszealousinaidingthem，lestyourgovernmentshouldfeelanyjealousyonouraccount。Butintruthweassincerelywishtheirrestoration，andtheirconnectionwithyou，asyoudoyourselves。Wearesatisfiedthatneitheryourjusticenortheirdistresseswilleveragainpermittheirbeingforcedtoseekatdear&distantmarketsthosefirstnecessariesoflifewhichtheymayhaveatcheapermarketsplacedbynatureattheirdoor，&formedbyherfortheirsupport——WhatisbecomeofMdedeTessyandMdedeTott?I

　　havenotheardofthemsincetheywenttoSwitzerland。Ithinktheywouldhavedonebettertohavecome&reposedunderthePoplarsofVirginia。Pourintotheirbosomsthewarmesteffusionsofmyfriendship&tellthemtheywillbewarmandconstantuntodeath。

　　AcceptofthemalsoforMdedelaFayette&yourdearchildren——butIamforgettingthatyouareinthefieldofwar，&theyIhopeinthoseofpeace。Adieumydearfriend！Godblessyouall。Yoursaffectionately。

　　THERIGHTSOFMAN

　　_ToThomasPaine_

　　_Philadelphia，June19，1792_

　　DEARSIR，——Ireceivedwithgreatpleasurethepresentofyourpamphlets，aswellforthethingitselfasthatitwasatestimonyofyourrecollection。Wouldyoubelieveitpossiblethatinthiscountrythereshouldbehigh&importantcharacterswhoneedyourlessonsinrepublicanism，&whodonotheedthem?Itisbuttootruethatwehaveasectpreachingup&poutingafteranEnglishconstitutionofking，lords，&commons，&whoseheadsareitchingforcrowns，coronets&mitres。Butourpeople，mygoodfriend，arefirmandunanimousintheirprinciplesofrepublicanism&thereisnobetterproofofitthanthattheylovewhatyouwriteandreaditwithdelight。Theprintersseasoneverynewspaperwithextractsfromyourlast，astheydidbeforefromyourfirstpartoftheRightsofMan。Theyhavebothservedheretoseparatethewheatfromthechaff，andtoprovethattho’thelatterappearsonthesurface，itisonthesurfaceonly。Thebulkbelowissound&pure。Goonthenindoingwithyourpenwhatinothertimeswasdonewiththesword：

　　shewthatreformationismorepracticablebyoperatingonthemindthanonthebodyofman，andbeassuredthatithasnotamoresincerevotarynoryouamoreardentwell-wisherthanYrs。&c。

　　THECONFLICTWITHHAMILTON

　　_TothePresidentoftheUnitedStates_

　　GEORGEWASHINGTON

　　_Monticello，Sep。9，1792_

　　DEARSIR，——Ireceivedonthe2dinsttheletterofAug23，whichyoudidmethehonortowriteme；buttheimmediatereturnofourpost，contrarytohiscustom，preventedmyanswerbythatoccasion。TheproceedingsofSpainmentionedinyourletterarereallyofacomplexiontoexciteuneasiness，&asuspicionthattheirfriendlyoverturesabouttheMissisipihavebeenmerelytolulluswhiletheyshouldbestrengtheningtheirholdsonthatriver。Mr。

　　Carmichael’ssilencehasbeenlongmyastonishment：andhoweveritmighthavejustifiedsomethingverydifferentfromanewappointment，yetthepublicinterestcertainlycalledforhisjunctionwithMr。

　　Shortasitisimpossiblebutthathisknolegeofthegroundofnegotiationofpersons&characters，mustbeuseful&evennecessarytothesuccessofthemission。ThatSpain&GrBritainmayunderstandoneanotheronourfrontiersisverypossible；forhoweveroppositetheirinterestsordispositionmaybeintheaffairsofEurope，yetwhilethesedonotcallthemintooppositeaction，theymayconcurasagainstus。IconsidertheirkeepinganagentintheIndiancountryasacircumstancewhichrequiresseriousinterferenceonourpart；andIsubmittoyourdecisionwhetheritdoesnotfurnishaproperoccasiontoustosendanadditionalinstructiontoMessrs。Carmichael&Shorttoinsistonamutual&formalstipulationtoforbearemployingagentsorpensioninganypersonswithineachother’slimits：andifthisberefused，toproposethecontrarystipulation，towit，thateachpartymayfreelykeepagentswithintheIndianterritoriesoftheother，inwhichcasewemightsoonsickenthemofthelicense。

　　Inowtakethelibertyofproceedingtothatpartofyourletterwhereinyounoticetheinternaldissentionswhichhavetakenplacewithinourgovernment，&theirdisagreeableeffectonit’smovements。Thatsuchdissentionshavetakenplaceiscertain，&evenamongthosewhoarenearesttoyouintheadministration。Tonoonehavetheygivendeeperconcernthanmyself：tonooneequalmortificationatbeingmyselfapartofthem。Tho’Itaketomyselfnomorethanmyshareofthegeneralobservationsofyourletter，yetIamsodesirouseverthatyoushouldknowthewholetruth，&believenomorethanthetruth，thatIamgladtoseizeeveryoccasionofdevelopingtoyouwhateverIdoorthinkrelativetothegovernment；

　　&shallthereforeaskpermissiontobemorelengthynowthantheoccasionparticularlycallsfor，orcouldotherwiseperhapsjustify。

　　WhenIembarkedinthegovernment，itwaswithadeterminationtointermeddlenotatallwiththelegislature，&aslittleaspossiblewithmyco-departments。Thefirstandonlyinstanceofvariancefromtheformerpartofmyresolution，IwasdupedintobytheSecretaryoftheTreasuryandmadeatoolforforwardinghisschemes，notthensufficientlyunderstoodbyme；andofalltheerrorsofmypoliticallife，thishasoccasionedmethedeepestregret。Ithaseverbeenmypurposetoexplainthistoyou，when，frombeingactorsonthescene，weshallhavebecomeuninterestedspectatorsonly。Thesecondpartofmyresolutionhasbeenreligiouslyobservedwiththewardepartment；&astothatoftheTreasury，hasneverbeenfartherswervedfromthanbythemereenunciationofmysentimentsinconversation，andchieflyamongthosewho，expressingthesamesentiments，drewminefromme。IfithasbeensupposedthatIhaveeverintriguedamongthemembersofthelegislaturestodefeattheplansoftheSecretaryoftheTreasury，itiscontrarytoalltruth。AsIneverhadthedesiretoinfluencethemembers，soneitherhadIanyothermeansthanmyfriendships，whichIvaluedtoohighlytoriskbyusurpationsontheirfreedomofjudgment，&theconscientiouspursuitoftheirownsenseofduty。

　　ThatIhaveutterly，inmyprivateconversations，disapprovedofthesystemoftheSecretaryofthetreasury，Iacknolege&avow：andthiswasnotmerelyaspeculativedifference。Hissystemflowedfromprinciplesadversetoliberty，&wascalculatedtoundermineanddemolishtherepublic，bycreatinganinfluenceofhisdepartmentoverthemembersofthelegislature。Isawthisinfluenceactuallyproduced，&it’sfirstfruitstobetheestablishmentofthegreatoutlinesofhisprojectbythevotesoftheverypersonswho，havingswallowedhisbaitwerelayingthemselvesouttoprofitbyhisplans：

　　&thathadthesepersonswithdrawn，asthoseinterestedinaquestionevershould，thevoteofthedisinterestedmajoritywasclearlythereverseofwhattheymadeit。Thesewerenolongerthevotesthenoftherepresentativesofthepeople，butofdesertersfromtherights&

　　interestsofthepeople：&itwasimpossibletoconsidertheirdecisions，whichhadnothinginviewbuttoenrichthemselves，asthemeasuresofthefairmajority，whichoughtalwaystoberespected——

　　Ifwhatwasactuallydoingbegatuneasinessinthosewhowishedforvirtuousgovernment，whatwasfurtherproposedwasnotlessthreateningtothefriendsoftheConstitution。For，inaReportonthesubjectofmanufacturesstilltobeactedonitwasexpresslyassumedthatthegeneralgovernmenthasarighttoexerciseallpowerswhichmaybeforthe_generalwelfare_，thatistosay，allthelegitimatepowersofgovernment：sincenogovernmenthasalegitimaterighttodowhatisnotforthewelfareofthegoverned。

　　Therewasindeedasham-limitationoftheuniversalityofthispower_tocaseswheremoneyistobeemployed_。Butaboutwhatisitthatmoneycannotbeemployed?Thustheobjectoftheseplanstakentogetheristodrawallthepowersofgovernmentintothehandsofthegenerallegislature，toestablishmeansforcorruptingasufficientcorpsinthatlegislaturetodividethehonestvotes&