IwishtoclosethisLecture，ifyouwillallowmeafewmomentslonger，withabriefsketchofaninstructorandpractitionerwhosecharacterwasasnearlyamodeloneinbothcapacitiesasIcanfindanywhererecorded。
Dr。JAMESJACKSON，ProfessoroftheTheoryandPracticeofMedicineinthisUniversityfrom1812to1846，andwhosenamehasbeensinceretainedonourrollsasProfessorEmeritus，diedonthe27thofAugustlast，intheninetiethyearofhisage。Hestudiedhisprofession，asIhavealreadymentioned，withDr。HolyokeofSalem，oneofthefewphysicianswhohavebornewitnesstotheirknowledgeofthelawsoflifebylivingtocompletetheirhundredthyear。I
thinkthestudenttookhisOldMaster，ashealwayslovedtocallhim，ashismodel；eachwasworthyoftheother，andbothwerebrightexamplestoallwhocomeafterthem。
IrememberthatinthesermonpreachedbyDr。GrazerafterDr。
Holyoke’sdeath，oneofthepointsmostinsisteduponascharacteristicofthatwiseandgoodoldmanwastheperfectbalanceofallhisfaculties。Thesameharmoniousadjustmentofpowers，thesamesymmetricalarrangementoflife，thesamecompletefulfilmentofeveryday’sduties，withouthasteandwithoutneedlessdelay，whichcharacterizedthemaster，equallydistinguishedthescholar。A
glanceatthelifeofourownOldMaster，ifIcandoanyjusticeatalltohisexcellences，willgiveyousomethingtocarryawayfromthishour’smeetingnotunworthytoberemembered。
>FromDecember，1797，toOctober，1799，heremainedwithDr。Holyokeasastudent，aperiodwhichhehasspokenofasamostinterestingandmostgratifyingpartofhislife。AfterthishepassedeightmonthsinLondon，andonhisreturn，inOctober，1800，hebeganbusinessinBoston。
HehadfollowedMr。Cline，asIhavementioned，andwascompetenttopractiseSurgery。ButhefoundDr。JohnCollinsWarrenhadalreadyoccupiedthegroundwhichatthatdayhardlycalledformorethanoneleadingpractitioner，andwiselychosetheMedicalbranchoftheprofession。Hehadonlyhimselftorelyupon，buthehadconfidenceinhisprospects，conscious，doubtless，ofhisownpowers，knowinghisownindustryanddetermination，andbeingofaneminentlycheerfulandhopefuldisposition。Nobetterproofofhisspiritcanbegiventhanthat，justayearfromthetimewhenhebegantopractiseasaphysician，hetookthateventfulstepwhichinsuchamanimpliesthatheseeshiswaycleartoaposition；hemarriedaladyblessedwithmanygifts，butnotbringinghimafortunetoparalyzehisindustry。
Hehadnotmiscalculatedhischancesinlife。Heverysoonroseintoagoodpractice，andbeganthefoundingofthatreputationwhichgrewwithhisyears，untilhestoodbygeneralconsentattheheadofhischosenbranchoftheprofession，tosaytheleast，inthiscityandinallthisregionofcountry。Hisskillandwisdomwerethelasttribunaltowhichthesickandsufferingcouldappeal。Thecommunitytrustedandlovedhim，theprofessionrecognizedhimasthenoblesttypeofthephysician。Theyoungmenwhomhehadtaughtwanderedthroughforeignhospitals；wheretheylearnedmanythingsthatwerevaluable，andmanythatwerecurious；butastheygrewolderandbegantothinkmoreoftheirabilitytohelpthesickthantheirpoweroftalkingaboutphenomena，theybegantolookbacktotheteachingofDr。Jackson，ashe，afterhisLondonexperience，lookedbacktothatofDr。Holyoke。Andsoitcametobeatlastthatthebarementionofhisnameinanyofourmedicalassemblieswouldcallforthsuchatributeofaffectionateregardasisonlyyieldedtoagewhenitbringswithittherecordofalifespentinwelldoing。
Noaccidentevercarriesamantoeminencesuchashisinthemedicalprofession。Hewholooksforitmustwantitearnestlyandworkforitvigorously；Naturemusthavequalifiedhiminmanyways，andeducationmusthaveequippedhimwithvariousknowledge，orhisreputationwillevaporatebeforeitreachesthenoon-dayblazeoffame。HowdidDr。Jacksongainthepositionwhichallconcededtohim？Intheanswertothisquestionsomeamongyoumayfindakeythatshallunlockthegateopeningonthatfairfieldofthefutureofwhichalldreambutwhichnotallwilleverreach。
Firstofall，hetrulylovedhisprofession。Hehadnointellectualambitionsoutsideofit，literary，scientificorpolitical。Tohimitwasoccupationenoughtoapplyatthebedsidethebestofallthatheknewforthegoodofhispatient；toprotectthecommunityagainsttheinroadsofpestilence；toteachtheyoungallthathehimselfhadbeentaught，withallthathisownexperiencehadadded；toleaveonrecordsomeofthemostimportantresultsofhislongobservation。
Withhispatientshewassoperfectatallpointsthatitishardtooverpraisehim。IhaveseenmanynotedBritishandFrenchandAmericanpractitioners，butIneversawthemansoaltogetheradmirableatthebedsideofthesickasDr。JamesJackson。Hissmilewasitselfaremedybetterthanthepotablegoldandthedissolvedpearlsthatcomfortedthepraecordiaofmediaevalmonarchs。Didapatient，alarmedwithoutcause，needencouragement，itcarriedthesunshineofhopeintohisheartandputallhiswhimstoflight，asDavid’sharpclearedthehauntedchamberofthesullenking。Hadthehourcome，notforencouragement，butforsympathy，hisface，hisvoice，hismannerallshowedit，becausehisheartfeltit。Sogentlewashe，sothoughtful，socalm，soabsorbedinthecasebeforehim，nottoturnroundandlookforatributetohissagacity，nottobolsterhimselfinafavoritetheory，buttofindoutallhecould，andtoweighgravelyandcautiouslyallthathefound，thattofollowhiminhismorningvisitwasnotonlytotakealessoninthehealingart，itwaslearninghowtolearn，howtomove，howtolook，howtofeel，ifthatcanbelearned。TovisitwithDr。Jacksonwasamedicaleducation。
Hewasveryfirm，withallhiskindness。Hewouldhavethetruthabouthispatients。Thenursesfounditout；andtheshrewderonesneverventuredtotellhimanythingbutastraightstory。AclinicaldialoguebetweenDr。JacksonandMissRebeccaTaylor，sometimenurseintheMassachusettsGeneralHospital，amistressinhercalling，wasasgoodquestioningandansweringasonewouldbeliketohearoutsideofthecourt-room。
Ofhispracticeyoucanformanopinionfromhisbookcalled“LetterstoaYoungPhysician。“LikeallsensiblemenfromthedaysofHippocratestothepresent，heknewthatdietandregimenweremoreimportantthananydrugorthanalldrugsputtogether。Witnesshistreatmentofphthisisandofepilepsy。Heretained，however，moreconfidenceinsomeremedialagentsthanmostoftheyoungergenerationwouldconcedetothem。Yethismateriamedicawasasimpleone。
“WhenIfirstwenttolivewithDr。Holyoke，“hesays，“in1797，showingmehisshop，hesaid，’Thereseemstoyoutobeagreatvarietyofmedicineshere，andthatitwilltakeyoulongtogetacquaintedwiththem，butmostofthemareunimportant。Therearefourwhichareequaltoalltherest，namely，Mercury，Antimony，BarkandOpium。’“AndDr。Jacksonadds，“Icanonlysayofhispractice，thelongerIhavelived，Ihavethoughtbetterandbetterofit。“
Whenhethoughtitnecessarytogivemedicine，hegaveitinearnest。
Hehatedhalf-practice——givingalittleofthisorthat，soastobeabletosaythatonehaddonesomething，incaseaconsultationwasheld，orastillmoreominouseventoccurred。Hewouldgiveopium，forinstance，asboldlyasthelateDr。FisherofBeverly，buthefollowedtheaphorismoftheFatherofMedicine，andkeptextremeremediesforextremecases。
Whenitcametothe“non-naturals，“ashewouldsometimescallthem，aftertheoldphysicians，——namely，air，meatanddrink，sleepandwatching，motionandrest，theretentionsandexcretions，andtheaffectionsofthemind，——hewas，asIhavesaid，oftheschoolofsensiblepractitioners，indistinctionfromthatvastcommunityofquacks，withorwithoutthediploma，whothinkthechiefendofmanistosupportapothecaries，andarenevereasyuntiltheycangeteverypatientuponaregularcourseofsomethingnastyornoxious。
Nobodywassopreciseinhisdirectionsaboutdiet，air，andexercise，asDr。Jackson。Hehadthesamedisliketotheapeupres，theaboutsomuch，aboutsooften，aboutsolong，whichIafterwardsfoundamongthepunctiliousadherentsofthenumericalsystematLaPitie。
Heusedtoinsistononesmallpointwithacertainphilologicalprecision，namely，thetruemeaningoftheword“cure。“Hewouldhaveitthattocureapatientwassimplytocareforhim。Irefertoitasshowingwhathisideawasoftherelationofthephysiciantothepatient。Itwasindeedtocareforhim，asifhislifewereboundupinhim，towatchhisincomingsandoutgoings，tostandguardateveryavenuethatdiseasemightenter，toleavenothingtochance；
notmerelytothrowafewpillsandpowdersintoonepanofthescalesofFate，whileDeaththeskeletonwasseatedintheother，buttoleanwithhiswholeweightonthesideoflife，andshiftthebalanceinitsfavorifitlayinhumanpowertodoit。Suchdevotionasthisisonlytobelookedforinthemanwhogiveshimselfwhollyuptothebusinessofhealing，whoconsidersMedicineitselfaScience，orifnotascience，iswillingtofollowitasanart，——thenoblestofarts，whichthegodsanddemigodsofancientreligionsdidnotdisdaintopractiseandtoteach。
Thesamezealmadehimalwaysreadytolistentoanynewsuggestionwhichpromisedtobeuseful，ataperiodoflifewhenmanymenfindithardtolearnnewmethodsandacceptnewdoctrines。Fewofhisgenerationbecamesoaccomplishedasheintheartsofdirectexploration；comingstraightfromtheParisianexperts，Ihaveexaminedmanypatientswithhim，andhavehadfrequentopportunitiesofobservinghisskillinpercussionandauscultation。
Oneelementinhissuccess，atrivialonecomparedwithothers，butnottobedespised，washispunctuality。Healwayscarriedtwowatches，——Idoubtifhetoldwhy，anymorethanDr。Johnsontoldwhathedidwiththeorange-peel，——butprobablywithreferencetothisvirtue。Hewasasmuchtobedependeduponattheappointedtimeasthesolsticeortheequinox。TherewasanotherpointIhaveheardhimspeakofasanimportantrulewithhim；tocomeatthehourwhenhewasexpected；ifhehadmadehisvisitforseveraldayssuccessivelyatteno’clock，forinstance，nottoputitoff，ifbecouldpossiblyhelpit，untileleven，andsokeepanervouspatientandananxiousfamilywaitingforhimthroughalong，wearyhour。
IfIshouldattempttocharacterizehisteaching，Ishouldsaythatwhileitconveyedthebestresultsofhissagaciousandextendedobservation，itwassingularlymodest，cautious，simple，sincere。
Nothingwasforshow，forself-love；therewasnorhetoric，nodeclamation，notriumphant“Itoldyouso，“buttheplainstatementofaclear-headedhonestman，whoknowsthatheishandlingoneofthegravestsubjectsthatinteresthumanity。Hispositiveinstructionswerefullofvalue，butthespiritinwhichhetaughtinspiredthatloyalloveoftruthwhichliesatthebottomofallrealexcellence。
Iwillnotsaythat，duringhislongcareer，Dr。Jacksonnevermadeanenemy。Ihaveheardhimtellhow，inhisveryearlydays，oldDr。
Danforthgotintoatoweringpassionwithhimaboutsomeprofessionalconsultation，andexplodedamonosyllableortwoofthemoreenergetickindontheoccasion。Irememberthatthatsomewhatpeculiarpersonage，Dr。Waterhouse，tookithardlywhenDr。JacksonsucceededtohisplaceasProfessorofTheoryandPractice。AyoungmanofDr。Jackson’stalentandenergycouldhardlytakethepositionthatbelongedtohimwithoutcrowdingsomebodyinaprofessionwherethreeinabedisthecommonruleofthehousehold。Buthewasapeacefulmanandapeace-makerallhisdays。Nomaneverdidmore，ifsomuch，toproduceandmaintainthespiritofharmonyforwhichweconsiderourmedicalcommunityassomewhatexceptionallydistinguished。
Ifthisharmonyshouldeverbethreatened，Icouldwishthateveryimpatientandirritablememberoftheprofessionwouldreadthatbeautiful，thatnoblePrefacetothe“Letters，“addressedtoJohnCollinsWarren。IknownothingfinerinthemedicalliteratureofalltimethanthisPrefatoryIntroduction。Itisagoldenprelude，fittogowiththethreegreatPrefaceswhichchallengetheadmirationofscholars，——Calvin’stohisInstitutes，DeThou’stohisHistory，andCasaubon’stohisPolybius，——notbecauseofanylearningorrhetoric，thoughitischarminglywritten，butforaspiritflowingthroughittowhichlearningandrhetoricarebutasthebreaththatiswastedontheairtotheMoodthatwarmstheheart。
OfasimilarcharacteristhisshortextractwhichIampermittedtomakefromaprivateletterofhistoadearyoungfriend。Hewaseighty-threeyearsoldatthetimeofwritingit。
“IhavenotlovedeverybodywhomIhaveknown，butIhavestriventoseethegoodpointsinthecharactersofallmenandwomen。AtfirstImusthavedonethisfromsomethinginmyownnature，forIwasnotawareofit，andyetwasdoingitwithoutanyplan，whenoneday，sixtyyearsago，afriendwhomIlovedandrespectedsaidthistome，’Ah，James，Iseethatyouaredestinedtosucceedintheworld，andtomakefriends，becauseyouaresoreadytoseethegoodpointinthecharactersofthoseyoumeet。’“
IclosethisimperfectnoticeofsomefeaturesinthecharacterofthismosthonoredandbelovedofphysiciansbyapplyingtohimthewordswhichwerewrittenofWilliamHeberden，whosecareerwasnotunlikehisown，andwholivedtothesamepatriarchalage。
“Fromhisearlyyouthhehadalwaysentertainedadeepsenseofreligion，aconsummateloveofvirtue，anardentthirstafterknowledge，andanearnestdesiretopromotethewelfareandhappinessofallmankind。Bythesequalities，accompaniedwithgreatsweetnessofmanners，heacquiredtheloveandesteemofallgoodmen，inadegreewhichperhapsveryfewhaveexperienced；andafterpassinganactivelifewiththeuniformtestimonyofagoodconscience，hebecameaneminentexampleofitsinfluence，inthecheerfulnessandserenityofhislatestage。“
SuchwasthemanwhomIoffertoyouasamodel，younggentlemen，attheoutsetofyourmedicalcareer。IhopethatmanyofyouwillrecognizesometraitsofyourownspecialteachersscatteredthroughvariouspartsofthelandinthepictureIhavedrawn。Letmeassureyouthatwhateveryoumaylearninthisoranyothercourseofpubliclectures，——andItrustyouwilllearnagreatdeal，——thedailyguidance，counsel，example，ofyourmedicalfather，forsuchtheOathofHippocratestellsyoutoconsideryourpreceptor，will，ifheisinanydegreelikehimofwhomIhavespoken，bethefoundationonwhichallthatweteachisreared，andperhapsoutlivemostofourteachings，asinDr。Jackson’smemorythelastlessonsthatremainedwithhimwerethoseofhisOldMaster。
THEMEDICALPROFESSIONINMASSACHUSETTS。
ALectureofaCoursebymembersoftheMassachusettsHistoricalSociety，deliveredbeforetheLowellInstitute，January29，1869。
Themedicalhistoryofeightgenerations，toldinanhour，mustbeinmanypartsamereoutline。ThedetailsIshallgivewillrelatechieflytothefirstcentury。Ishallonlyindicatetheleadingoccurrences，withthemoreprominentnamesofthetwocenturieswhichfollow，andaddsomeconsiderationssuggestedbythefactswhichhavebeenpassedinreview。