第35章
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  Ofcourse,Browningisnotpersistentlyneglectfulofthisfundamentalnecessityfortheliteraryartist。Heisoftenasmasterlyinthisasinotherrespects。Butheisnotalways,notoftenenough,alivetotheparamountneed。Hewriteswith“theversebeingasthemooditpaints:“but,unfortunately,themoodisoftenpoeticallyunformative。Hehadnopassionforthequestforseductiveforms。Toomuchofhispoetryhasbeenbornprematurely。Toomuchofit,indeed,hasnotdiedandbeenbornagainforallimmortalverseisapoeticresurrection。

  Perfectpoetryisthedeathlesspartofmortalbeauty。

  Thegreatartistsneverperpetuategrossactualities,thoughtheyarethesupremerealists。ItisSchiller,Ithink,whosaysineffect,thattoliveagainintheserenebeautyofart,itisneedfulthatthingsshouldfirstdieinreality。

  ThusBrowning’sdramaticmethod,even,issometimesdisastrousinitsuntruth,asinCaliban’sanalyticalreasoninganinitialabsurdity,asMr。Berdoehaspointedout,addingepigrammatically,`Calibanisasavage,withtheintrospectivepowersofaHamlet,andthetheologyofanevangelicalChurchman。’NotonlyCaliban,butseveralotherofBrowning’spersonagesAprile,Eglamour,etc。

  arewhatGoethecalls`schwankendeGestalten’,mere“waveringimages“。

  *Oneaccountsays`ChildeRoland’waswritteninthreedays;

  another,thatitwascomposedinone。Browning’srapidityincompositionwasextraordinary。“TheReturnoftheDruses“waswritteninfivedays,anactaday;so,also,was“ABlotinthe’Scutcheon“。

  Montaigne,inoneofhisessays,saysthattostopgracefullyissureproofofhighraceinahorse:certainlytostopintimeisimperativeuponthepoet。OfBrowningmaybesaidwhatPoewroteofanother,thathisgeniuswastooimpetuousfortheminutertechnicalitiesofthatelaborateART

  soneedfulinthebuildingupofmonumentsforimmortality。

  ButhasnotagreaterthanPoedeclaredthat“whatdistinguishestheartistfromtheamateuris`architectonike’inthehighestsense;

  thatpowerofexecutionwhichcreates,forms,andconstitutes:

  nottheprofoundnessofsinglethoughts,nottherichnessofimagery,nottheabundanceofillustration。“Assuredly,no“newdefinition“

  canbeaneffectiveonewhichconflictswithGoethe’sincontrovertibledictum。

  Butthismuchhavingbeenadmitted,IamonlytoowillingtoprotestagainsttheuncriticaloutcryagainstBrowning’smusicalincapacity。

  Adeficiencyisnotincapacity,otherwiseColeridge,athishighestthemostperfectofourpoets,wouldbelowlyestimated。

  “Bidshinewhatwould,dismissintotheshadeWhatshouldnotbeandtheretriumphstheparamountSurpriseo’themaster。“……

  Browning’smusicisoftenerharmonicthanmelodic:andmusiciansknowhowthegeneralear,charmedwithimmediatelyappellantmelodies,resents,weariesof,orisdeaftotheharmoniesofamoreremote,amorecomplex,andaboveallamorenovelcreativemethod。

  Heis,amongpoets,whatWagnerisamongmusicians;

  asShakespearemaybelikenedtoBeethoven,orShelleytoChopin。

  Thecommonassertionastohisincapacityformetricmusicisonthelevelofthoseaffirmationsastohisnotbeingwidelyacceptedofthepeople,whenthepeoplehavethechance;

  orastotheindifferenceofthepublictopoetrygenerally

  andthisinanagewhenpoetryhasneverbeensowidelyunderstood,loved,andvalued,andwhereinitisyearlygrowingmoreacceptableandmorepotent!

  Agreatwriteristobeadjudgedbyhistriumphs,notbyhisfailures:

  as,totakeupMontaigne’ssimileagain,afamousrace-horseisrememberedforitssuccessesandnotfortheraceswhichitlost。

  Thetendencywithcertaincriticsistoreversetheprocess。

  InsteadofsayingwiththearchbishopinHorne’s“GregoryVII。“,“HeowesitalltohisMemnonianvoice!Hehasnogenius:“

  orofdeclaring,asProsperosaysofCalibanin“TheTempest“,“Heisasdisproportionedinhismannersasinhisshape:“

  howmuchbettertoaffirmofhimwhatBenJonsonwroteofShakespeare,“Heeredeemedhisviceswithhisvertues:therewasevermoreinhimtobeepraysedthantobeepardoned。“Inthebalanceoftriumphsandfailures,however,istobesoughttherelativemeasureofgenius

  whoseequipoiseshouldbethefirstmatterofascertainmentincomparativecriticism。

  ForthosewhowoulddiscriminatebetweenwhatMr。TraillsuccinctlytermshisGENERICgreatnessasthinkerandmanofletters,andhisSPECIFICpoweraspoet,itisnecessarytodisabusethemindofBrowning’s“message“。Thequestionisnotoneofweightymessage,butofartisticpresentation。Topraiseapoembecauseofitsoptimismislikecommendingapeachbecauseitlovesthesunshine,ratherthanbecauseofitsdistinguishingbloomandsavour。

  Theprimaryconcernoftheartistmustbewithhisvehicleofexpression。

  Intheinstanceofapoet,thisvehicleislanguageemotionedtothewhite-heatofrhythmicmusicbyimpassionedthoughtorsensation。

  Schopenhauerdeclaresitisallaquestionofstylenowwithpoetry;

  thateverythinghasbeensung,thateverythinghasbeendulycursed,thatthereisnothingleftforpoetrybuttobetheglowingforgeofwords。

  Heforgetsthatinquintessentialartthereisnothingofthepast,nothingold:eventhefuturehaspartthereinonlyinthatthepresentisalwaysencroachingupon,becoming,thefuture。

  Thefamouspessimisticphilosopherhas,incommonwithothercritics,made,ineffect,thesameremarkthatStyleexhalestheodourofthesoul:

  yethehimselfhasindicatedthatthestrengthofShakespearelayinthefactthat`hehadnotaste,’that`hewasnotamanofletters。’

  Whenevergeniushasdisplayedepicforceithasestablishedaneworder。

  Inthegeneraldisintegrationandreconstructionofliteraryidealsthusinvolved,itiseasiertobeconfusedbythenovelflashingofstrangelightsthantodiscernthecentralvivifyingaltar-flame。

  ItmayprovethatwhatseemtoustheregrettableaccidentsofBrowning’sgeniusarenomalfortunateflaws,butasgermanetheretoashisHerculeanruggednessesaretoShakespeare,asthelabouredinversionsofhisblankversearetoMilton,ashisaustereconcisionistoDante。

  Meanwhile,tothemoreexigentamongusatanyrate,theflawsseemflaws,andinnowiseessential。

  Butwhenwefindweightymessageandnobleutteranceinunion,aswedointhemagnificentremainderaftereventheseverestablationofthepoorandmediocreportionofBrowning’slife-work,howbeneficentseemthegenerousgods!Ofthisremaindermostaptlymaybequotedtheselinesfrom“TheRingandtheBook“,“Goldasitwas,is,shallbeevermore;

  Primenaturewithanaddedartistry。“

  Howgladly,inthisdubioushourwhen,asaneminentwriterhasphrasedit,acolossalHand,whichsomecallthehandofDestinyandothersthatofHumanity,isputtingoutthelightsofHeavenonebyone,likecandlesafterafeasthowgladlywelistentothispoetwithhisserenefaithinGod,andimmortallife,andthesoul’sunendingdevelopment!“Hopehardinthesubtlethingthat’sSpirit,“

  hecriesinthePrologueto“Pacchiarotto“:andthis,inmanifoldphrasing,ishis`leit-motif’,hisfundamentalidea,inunbrokenlinefromthe“Pauline“ofhistwenty-firsttothe“Asolando“ofhisseventy-sixthyear。

  Thissuperbphalanxoffaithwhatshallprevailagainstit?

  Howwinsomeitis,moreover:this,andthehumanityofhissong。

  Profoundlyherealisedthatthereisnomoresignificantstudythanthehumanheart。“Thedevelopmentofasoul:littleelseisworthstudy,“

  hewroteinhisprefaceto“Sordello“:soinhisoldage,inhislast“Reverie“

  “AstherecordfromyouthtoageOfmyown,thesinglesoul

  Sotheworld’swidebook:onepageDecipheredexplainsthewholeOfourcommonheritage。“

  Hehadfaithalsothat“therecordfromyouthtoage“ofhisownsoulwouldoutlastanypresentindifferenceorneglectthatwhatevertidemightbearhimawayfromourregardforatimewoulderelongflowagain。

  Thereactionmustcome:itis,indeed,alreadyathand。

  Butonealmostfanciesonecanhearthegatheringoftheremotewatersoncemore。Wemay,withStrafford,“feelsureThatTime,whointhetwilightcomestomendAllthefantasticday’scaprice,consignTothelowgroundoncemoretheignobleTerm,AndraisetheGeniusonhisorbagain,

  ThatTimewilldomeright。“……

  Indeed,Browninghasthegrandmanner,forallitismorethatoftheScandinavianJarlthanoftheItaliancountorSpanishgrandee。

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