第18章
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  Thatthepoemcontainsmuchwhichisbeautifulisundeniable,alsothatitissurchargedwithwinsomeandprofoundthoughtsandamultitudeofwill-o’-the-wisp-likefancieswhichallshapetowardshighthinking。

  ButitismonotonousasoneoftheenormousAmericaninlandseastoaloveroftheocean,towhomthesaltbrineisasthebreathofdelight。

  Thefatalfacilityoftheheroiccouplettolapseintodiffuseness,has,coupledwithawarpedanxietyforirreducibleconcision,beenBrowning’sruinhere。

  Thereisonechargeevenyettoofrequentlymadeagainst“Sordello“,thatof“obscurity“。Itsinterestmaybefoundremote,itstreatmentverbose,itsintricaciespuzzlingtothoseunaccustomedtoexcursionsfromthefamiliarhighwaysofoldusage,butitsmotivethoughtisnotobscure。Itisamoonlitplaincomparedwiththe“silvaoscura“ofthe“DivinaCommedia“。

  SurelythisquestionofBrowning’sobscuritywasexpelledtotheLimboofDeadStupiditieswhenMr。Swinburne,inperiodsasresplendentasthewhirlingwheelsofPhoebusApollo’schariot,wrotehisfamousincidentalpassageinhis“EssayonChapman“。

  Tooprobably,inthedimdisintegratingfuturewhichwillreduceallouro’ertopplingextremes,“Sordello“willbeaslittlereadas“TheFaerieQueene“,and,similarly,onlyforthegleamofthequenchlesslampsamiditslongdesertedalleysandstatelyavenues。

  Sadlyenough,fortopoetsitwillalwaysbeanunforgottenland

  acontinentwithamaranth-hauntedValesofTempe,where,asSpensersaysinoneoftheAecloguesof“TheShepherd’sCalendar“,theywillthereoftentimes“sittenasdrounedindreme。“

  Ithas,forthosewhoarenotrepelled,acharmallitsown。

  Iknowofnootherpoeminthelanguagewhichisatoncesowearisomeandsoseductive。Howcanoneexplainparadoxes?

  Thereisacharm,orthereisnone:thatiswhatitamountsto,foreachindividual。`Tuttigaisogusti,emigoimii’

  “everybodyfollowshistaste,andIfollowmine,“astheVenetiansaying,quotedbyBrowningattheheadofhisRawdonBrownsonnet,hasit。

  Allthatneedbeknownconcerningtheframeworkof“Sordello“,andoftherealSordellohimself,willbefoundinthevariousBrowninghand-books,inMr。Nettleship’sandotherdissertations,and,particularly,inMrs。Dall’smostcircumspectandablehistoricalessay。

  ItissufficientheretosaythatwhiletheSordelloandPalmaofthepoetaretraceableintheCunizzaandthestrangecomet-likeSordellooftheItalianandProvencalChronicleswhohashissecureimmortality,byDantesetforthinleonineguise`aguisadileonquandosiposa’

  inthe“Purgatorio“,boththesearethemostshadowyofprototypes。

  TheSordelloofBrowningisatypicalpoeticsoul:thenarrativeoftheincidentsinthedevelopmentofthissoulisadaptedtothehistoricalsettingfurnishedbytheaforesaidChronicles。

  SordelloisafarmoreprofoundstudythanAprilein“Paracelsus“,inwhom,however,heisobviouslyforeshadowed。TheradicalflawinhisnatureisthatindicatedbyGoetheofHeine,that“hehadnoheart。“

  Thepoemisthenarrativeofhistranscendentaspirations,andmoreorlessfutileaccomplishment。

  Itwouldbevaintoattempthereanyadequateexcerptionoflinesofsingularbeauty。Readersfamiliarwiththepoemwillrecallpassageafterpassageamongwhichthereisprobablynonemorewidelyknownthanthegrandiosesunsetlines:

  “Thatautumnevewasstilled:

  AlastremainsofsunsetdimlyburnedO’erthefarforests,likeatorch-flameturnedBythewindbackuponitsbearer’shandInonelongflareofcrimson;asabrand,Thewoodsbeneathlayblack。“……

  Whathauntinglinesthereare,everyhereandtheresuchasthoseofPalma,withhergoldenhairlikespiltsunbeams,orthoseonElys,withher“FewfinelocksColouredlikehoneyoozedfromtopmostrocksSun-blanchedthelivelongsummer,“

  orthese,“DaybydayNewpollenonthelily-petalgrows,Andstillmorelabyrinthinebudstherose“

  or,oncemore,“Atouchdivine

  Andthesealedeyeballownsthemysticrod;

  VisiblythroughhisgardenwalkethGod“

  But,thoughsorelytempted,Imustnotquotefurther,saveonlytheconcludinglinesoftheunparalleledandimpassionedaddresstoDante:

  “Dante,paceroftheshoreWheregluttedhelldisgorgethfilthiestgloom,Unbittenbyitswhirringsulphur-spume,OrwhencethegrievedandobscurewatersslopeIntoadarknessquietedbyhope;

  PluckerofamaranthsgrownbeneathGod’seyeIngracioustwilightswherehischosenlie“

  Itisafairland,forthosewhohavelingeredinitsbyways:

  but,alas,atroubledtideofstrangemetres,ofdesperaterhythms,ofwildconjunctions,ofpanic-strickencollocations,oftentimesoverwhelmsit。“Sordello“grewunderthepoet’sfashioningtill,likethemagicvapouroftheArabianwizard,itpassedbeyondhiscontrol,“voluminouslyvast。“

  Itisnotthetruestadmirersofwhatisgoodinitwhowillrefusetosmileatthemiseriesofconscientiousbutbaffledreaders。

  WhocanfailtosympathisewithDouglasJerroldwhen,slowlyconvalescentfromaseriousillness,hefoundamongsomenewbookssenthimbyafriendacopyof“Sordello“。

  ThomasPowell,writingin1849,haschronicledtheepisode。

  Afewlines,hesays,putJerroldinastateofalarm。

  Sentenceaftersentencebroughtnoconsecutivethoughttohisbrain。

  Atlasttheideaoccurredtohimthatinhisillnesshismentalfacultieshadbeenwrecked。Theperspirationrolledfromhisforehead,andsmitinghisheadhesankbackonthesofa,crying,“OGod,IAManidiot!“Alittlelater,addsPowell,whenJerrold’swifeandsisterentered,hethrust“Sordello“intotheirhands,demandingwhattheythoughtofit。Hewatchedthemintentlywhiletheyread。

  WhenatlastMrs。Jerroldremarked,“Idon’tunderstandwhatthismanmeans;

  itisgibberish,“herdelightedhusbandgaveasighofreliefandexclaimed,“ThankGod,IamNOTanidiot!“

  ManyfriendsofBrowningwillrememberhisrecountingthisincidentalmostintheseverywords,andhisenjoymenttherein:

  thoughhewouldneveradmitjustificationforsuchpuzzlement。

  ButmoreillustriouspersonagesthanDouglasJerroldwerepuzzledbythepoem。

  LordTennysonmanfullytackledit,butheisreportedtohaveadmittedinbitternessofspirit:“TherewereonlytwolinesinitthatIunderstood,andtheywerebothlies;theyweretheopeningandclosinglines,`WhowillmayhearSordello’sstorytold,’and`WhowouldhasheardSordello’sstorytold!’“Carlylewasequallycandid:“Mywife,“hewrites,“hasreadthrough`Sordello’withoutbeingabletomakeoutwhether`Sordello’wasaman,oracity,orabook。“

  Inanarticleonthispoem,inaFrenchmagazine,M。OdysseBarotquotesapassagewherethepoetsays“Godgavemantwofaculties“

  andadds,“IwishwhileHewasaboutit`pendantqu’iletaitentrain’

  Godhadsuppliedanotherviz。,thepowerofunderstandingMr。Browning。“

  AndwhodoesnotrememberthesadexperienceofgenerousanddelightfulGileadP。Beck,in“TheGoldenButterfly“:how,after“FifineattheFair“,frightfulsymptomssetin,tillindespairhetookup“RedCottonNightcapCountry“,andfellforhoursintoadullcomatosemisery。

  “Hiseyeswerebloodshot,hishairwaspushedindisorderabouthishead,hischeekswereflushed,hishandsweretrembling,thenervesinhisfaceweretwitching。Thenhearose,andsolemnlycursedRobertBrowning。

  Andthenhetookallhisvolumes,and,disposingthemcarefullyinthefireplace,setlighttothem。`Iwish,’hesaid,`thatIcouldputthepoettheretoo。’“Oneotheranecdoteofthekindwasoften,withevidenthumorousappreciation,recountedbythepoet。

  OnhisintroductiontotheChineseAmbassador,asa“brother-poet“,heaskedthatdignitarywhatkindofpoeticexpressionheparticularlyaffected。Thegreatmandeliberated,andthenrepliedthathispoetrymightbedefinedas“enigmatic“。

  Browningatonceadmittedhisfraternalkinship。

  Thathewashimselfawareoftheshortcomingsof“Sordello“asaworkofartisnotdisputable。In1863,Mrs。Orrsays,heconsideredtheadvisabilityof“rewritingitinamoretransparentmanner,butconcludedthatthelabourwouldbedisproportionatetotheresult,andcontentedhimselfwithsummarisingthecontentsofeach`book’inacontinuousheading,whichrepresentsthemainthreadofthestory。“

  TheessentialmanlinessofBrowningisevidentinthefamousdedicationtotheFrenchcriticMilsand,whowasamonghisearlyadmirers。

  “Myownfaultsofexpressionweremany;butwithcareforamanorbooksuchwouldbesurmounted,andwithoutitwhatavailsthefaultlessnessofeither?

  Iblamenobody,leastofallmyself,whodidmybestthenandsince。“

  Whateverbethefateof“Sordello“,onethingpertinenttoitshallsurvive:

  thememorablesentenceinthededicatorypreface“Mystresslayontheincidentsinthedevelopmentofasoul:littleelseisworthstudy。“

  Thepoemhasdisastrousfaults,butisamagnificentfailure。

  “Vastasnight,“toborrowasimilefromVictorHugo,but,likenight,innumerouslystarred。

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