AndIdoubtnotbutmanymenhavebeencontentedtoseethelatetroublesinEnglandoutofanimitationoftheLowCountries，supposingthereneedednomoretogrowrichthantochange，astheyhaddone，theformoftheirgovernment。Fortheconstitutionofman’snatureisofitselfsubjecttodesirenovelty：whenthereforetheyareprovokedtothesamebytheneighbourhoodalsoofthosethathavebeenenrichedbyit，itisalmostimpossibletobecontentwiththosethatsolicitthemtochange；andlovethefirstbeginnings，thoughtheybegrievedwiththecontinuanceofdisorder；likehotbloodsthat，havinggottentheitch，tearthemselveswiththeirownnailstilltheycanendurethesmartnolonger。
Andastorebellioninparticularagainstmonarchy，oneofthemostfrequentcausesofitisthereadingofthebooksofpolicyandhistoriesoftheancientGreeksandRomans；fromwhichyoungmen，andallothersthatareunprovidedoftheantidoteofsolidreason，receivingastronganddelightfulimpressionofthegreatexploitsofwarachievedbytheconductorsoftheirarmies，receivewithalapleasingideaofalltheyhavedonebesides；andimaginetheirgreatprosperitynottohaveproceededfromtheemulationofparticularmen，butfromthevirtueoftheirpopularformofgovernmentnotconsideringthefrequentseditionsandcivilwarsproducedbytheimperfectionoftheirpolicy。Fromthereading，Isay，ofsuchbooks，menhaveundertakentokilltheirkings，becausetheGreekandLatinwritersintheirbooksanddiscoursesofpolicymakeitlawfulandlaudableforanymansotodo，providedbeforehedoithecallhimtyrant。Fortheysaynotregicide，thatis，killingofaking，buttyrannicide，thatis，killingofatyrant，islawful。FromthesamebookstheythatliveunderamonarchconceiveantheopinionthatthesubjectsinapopularCommonwealthenjoyliberty，butthatinamonarchytheyareallslaves。Isay，theythatliveunderamonarchyconceivesuchanopinion；notthattheyliveunderapopulargovernment：fortheyfindnosuchmatter。Insum，Icannotimaginehowanythingcanbemoreprejudicialtoamonarchythantheallowingofsuchbookstobepubliclyread，withoutpresentapplyingsuchcorrectivesofdiscreetmastersasarefittotakeawaytheirvenom：whichvenomIwillnotdoubttocomparetothebitingofamaddog，whichisadiseasethatphysicianscallhydrophobia，orfearofwater。Forashethatissobittenhasacontinualtormentofthirst，andyetabhorrethwater；andisinsuchanestateasifthepoisonendeavouredtoconverthimintoadog；sowhenamonarchyisoncebittentothequickbythosedemocraticalwritersthatcontinuallysnarlatthatestate，itwantethnothingmorethanastrongmonarch，whichneverthelessoutofacertaintyrannophobia，orfearofbeingstronglygoverned，whentheyhavehim，theyabhor。
Astherehavebeendoctorsthatholdtherebethreesoulsinaman；sotherebealsothatthinktheremaybemoresouls，thatis，moresovereigns，thanoneinaCommonwealth；andsetupasupremacyagainstthesovereignty；canonsagainstlaws；andaghostlyauthorityagainstthecivil；workingonmen’smindswithwordsanddistinctionsthatofthemselvessignifynothing，butbewray，bytheirobscurity，thattherewalkethassomethinkinvisibly
anotherkingdom，asitwereakingdomoffairies，inthedark。NowseeingitismanifestthatthecivilpowerandthepoweroftheCommonwealthisthesamething；andthatsupremacy，andthepowerofmakingcanons，andgrantingfaculties，impliethaCommonwealth；itfolloweththatwhereoneissovereign，anothersupreme；whereonecanmakelaws，andanothermakecanons；theremustneedsbetwoCommonwealths，ofoneandthesamesubjects；whichisakingdomdividedinitself，andcannotstand。Fornotwithstandingtheinsignificantdistinctionoftemporalandghostly，theyarestilltwokingdoms，andeverysubjectissubjecttotwomasters。Forseeingtheghostlypowerchallengeththerighttodeclarewhatissin，itchallengethbyconsequencetodeclarewhatislaw，sinbeingnothingbutthetransgressionofthelaw；andagain，thecivilpowerchallengingtodeclarewhatislaw，everysubjectmustobeytwomasters，whobothwillhavetheircommandsbeobservedaslaw，whichisimpossible。Or，ifitbebutonekingdom，eitherthecivil，whichisthepoweroftheCommonwealth，mustbesubordinatetotheghostly，andthenthereisnosovereigntybuttheghostly；ortheghostlymustbesubordinatetothetemporal，andthenthereisnosupremacybutthetemporal。Whenthereforethesetwopowersopposeoneanother，theCommonwealthcannotbutbeingreatdangerofcivilwaranddissolution。Forthecivilauthoritybeingmorevisible，andstandingintheclearerlightofnaturalreason，cannotchoosebutdrawtoitinalltimesaveryconsiderablepartofthepeople：andthespiritual，thoughitstandinthedarknessofSchooldistinctionsandhardwords；yet，becausethefearofdarknessandghostsisgreaterthanotherfears，cannotwantapartysufficienttotrouble，andsometimestodestroy，aCommonwealth。Andthisisadiseasewhichnotunfitlymaybecomparedtotheepilepsy，orfallingsicknesswhichtheJewstooktobeonekindofpossessionbyspirits，inthebodynatural。Forasinthisdiseasethereisanunnaturalspiritorwindintheheadthatobstructeththerootsofthenervesand，movingthemviolently，takeththemotionwhichnaturallytheyshouldhavefromthepowerofthesoulinthebrain；therebycausethviolentandirregularmotions，whichmencallconvulsions，intheparts；insomuchashethatisseizedtherewithfallethdownsometimesintothewater，andsometimesintothefire，asamandeprivedofhissenses：soalsointhebodypolitic，whenthespiritualpowermoveththemembersofaCommonwealthbytheterrorofpunishmentsandhopeofrewards，whicharethenervesofit，otherwisethanbythecivilpower，whichisthesouloftheCommonwealth，theyoughttobemoved；andbystrangeandhardwordssuffocatestheirunderstanding；itmustneedstherebydistractthepeople，andeitheroverwhelmtheCommonwealthwithoppression，orcastitintothefireofacivilwar。
Sometimesalsointhemerelycivilgovernmenttherebemorethanonesoul：aswhenthepoweroflevyingmoney，whichisthenutritivefaculty，hasdependedonageneralassembly；thepowerofconductandcommand，whichisthemotivefaculty，ononeman；andthepowerofmakinglaws，whichistherationalfaculty，ontheaccidentalconsent，notonlyofthosetwo，butalsoofathird：thisendangereththeCommonwealth，sometimesforwantofconsenttogoodlaws，butmostoftenforwantofsuchnourishmentasisnecessarytolifeandmotion。
Foralthoughfewperceivethatsuchgovernmentisnotgovernment，butdivisionoftheCommonwealthintothreefactions，andcallitmixedmonarchy；yetthetruthisthatitisnotoneindependentCommonwealth，butthreeindependentfactions；noronerepresentativeperson，butthree。InthekingdomofGodtheremaybethreepersonsindependent，withoutbreachofunityinGodthatreigneth；butwheremenreign，thatbesubjecttodiversityofopinions，itcannotbeso。Andthereforeifthekingbearthepersonofthepeople，andthegeneralassemblybearalsothepersonofthepeople，andanotherassemblybearthepersonofapartofthepeople，theyarenotoneperson，noronesovereign；butthreepersons，andthreesovereigns。
TowhatdiseaseinthenaturalbodyofmanImayexactlycomparethisirregularityofaCommonwealth，Iknownot。ButIhaveseenamanthathadanothermangrowingoutofhisside，withahead，arms，breast，andstomachofhisown：ifhehadhadanothermangrowingoutofhisotherside，thecomparisonmightthenhavebeenexact。
HithertoIhavenamedsuchdiseasesofaCommonwealthasareofthegreatestandmostpresentdanger。Therebeother，notsogreat，whichneverthelessarenotunfittobeobserved。Asfirst，thedifficultyofraisingmoneyforthenecessaryusesoftheCommonwealth，especiallyintheapproachofwar。Thisdifficultyarisethfromtheopinionthateverysubjecthathofaproprietyinhislandsandgoodsexclusiveofthesovereign’srighttotheuseofthesame。Fromwhenceitcomethtopassthatthesovereignpower，whichforeseeththenecessitiesanddangersoftheCommonwealth，findingthepassageofmoneytothepublictreasuryobstructedbythetenacityofthepeople，whereasitoughttoextenditself，toencounterandpreventsuchdangersintheirbeginnings，contractethitselfaslongasitcan，andwhenitcannotlonger，struggleswiththepeoplebystratagemsoflawtoobtainlittlesums，which，notsufficing，heisfainatlastviolentlytoopenthewayforpresentsupplyorperish；
and，beingputoftentotheseextremities，atlastreduceththepeopletotheirduetemper，orelsetheCommonwealthmustperish。Insomuchaswemaycomparethisdistemperveryaptlytoanague；wherein，thefleshypartsbeingcongealed，orbyvenomousmatterobstructed，theveinswhichbytheirnaturalcourseemptythemselvesintotheheart，arenotastheyoughttobesuppliedfromthearteries，wherebytheresucceedethatfirstacoldcontractionandtremblingofthelimbs；andafterwardsahotandstrongendeavourofthehearttoforceapassagefortheblood；andbeforeitcandothat，contentethitselfwiththesmallrefreshmentsofsuchthingsascoolforatime，till，ifnaturebestrongenough，itbreakatlastthecontumacyofthepartsobstructed，anddissipateththevenomintosweat；or，ifnaturebetooweak，thepatientdieth。
Again，thereissometimesinaCommonwealthadiseasewhichresembleththepleurisy；andthatiswhenthetreasuryoftheCommonwealth，flowingoutofitsduecourse，isgatheredtogetherintoomuchabundanceinoneorafewprivatemen，bymonopoliesorbyfarmsofthepublicrevenues；inthesamemannerasthebloodinapleurisy，gettingintothemembraneofthebreast，breedeththereaninflammation，accompaniedwithafeverandpainfulstitches。
Also，thepopularityofapotentsubject，unlesstheCommonwealthhaveverygoodcautionofhisfidelity，isadangerousdisease；
becausethepeople，whichshouldreceivetheirmotionfromtheauthorityofthesovereign，bytheflatteryandbythereputationofanambitiousman，aredrawnawayfromtheirobediencetothelawstofollowamanofwhosevirtuesanddesignstheyhavenoknowledge。
Andthisiscommonlyofmoredangerinapopulargovernmentthaninamonarchy，becauseanarmyisofsogreatforceandmultitudeasitmayeasilybemadebelievetheyarethepeople。BythismeansitwasthatJuliusCaesar，whowassetupbythepeopleagainstthesenate，havingwontohimselftheaffectionsofhisarmy，madehimselfmasterbothofsenateandpeople。Andthisproceedingofpopularandambitiousmenisplainrebellion，andmayberesembledtotheeffectsofwitchcraft。
AnotherinfirmityofaCommonwealthistheimmoderategreatnessofatown，whenitisabletofurnishoutofitsowncircuitthenumberandexpenseofagreatarmy；asalsothegreatnumberofcorporations，whichareasitweremanylesserCommonwealthsinthebowelsofagreater，likewormsintheentrailsofanaturalman。Tomaybeadded，libertyofdisputingagainstabsolutepowerbypretenderstopoliticalprudence；whichthoughbredforthemostpartintheleesofthepeople，yetanimatedbyfalsedoctrinesareperpetuallymeddlingwiththefundamentallaws，tothemolestationoftheCommonwealth，likethelittlewormswhichphysicianscallascarides。
Wemayfurtheraddtheinsatiableappetite，orbulimia，ofenlargingdominion，withtheincurablewoundstherebymanytimesreceivedfromtheenemy；andthewens，ofununitedconquests，whicharemanytimesaburden，andwithlessdangerlostthankept；asalsothelethargyofease，andconsumptionofriotandvainexpense。
Lastly，wheninawar，foreignorintestine，theenemiesgetafinalvictory，soas，theforcesoftheCommonwealthkeepingthefieldnolonger，thereisnofurtherprotectionofsubjectsintheirloyalty，thenistheCommonwealthdissolved，andeverymanatlibertytoprotecthimselfbysuchcoursesashisowndiscretionshallsuggestuntohim。Forthesovereignisthepublicsoul，givinglifeandmotiontotheCommonwealth，whichexpiring，themembersaregovernedbyitnomorethanthecarcassofamanbyhisdeparted，thoughimmortal，soul。
Forthoughtherightofasovereignmonarchcannotbeextinguishedbytheactofanother，yettheobligationofthemembersmay。Forhethatwantsprotectionmayseekitanywhere；and，whenhehathit，isobligedwithoutfraudulentpretenceofhavingsubmittedhimselfoutoffeartoprotecthisprotectionaslongasheisable。Butwhenthepowerofanassemblyisoncesuppressed，therightofthesameperishethutterly，becausetheassemblyitselfisextinct；andconsequently，thereisnopossibilityforsovereigntytore-enter。