Contemptoflittlehelps，andhindrances，magnanimity。
Magnanimityindangerofdeath，orwounds，valour，fortitude。
Magnanimityintheuseofriches，liberality。
Pusillanimityinthesame，wretchedness，miserableness，orparsimony，asitisliked，ordisliked。
Loveofpersonsforsociety，kindness。
Loveofpersonsforpleasingthesenseonly，naturallust。
Loveofthesameacquiredfromrumination，thatis，imaginationofpleasurepast，luxury。
Loveofonesingularly，withdesiretobesingularlybeloved，thepassionoflove。Thesame，withfearthattheloveisnotmutual，jealousy。
Desirebydoinghurttoanothertomakehimcondemnsomefactofhisown，revengefulness。
Desiretoknowwhy，andhow，curiosity；suchasisinnolivingcreaturebutman：sothatmanisdistinguished，notonlybyhisreason，butalsobythissingularpassionfromotheranimals；inwhomtheappetiteoffood，andotherpleasuresofsense，bypredominance，takeawaythecareofknowingcauses；whichisalustofthemind，thatbyaperseveranceofdelightinthecontinualandindefatigablegenerationofknowledge，exceedeththeshortvehemenceofanycarnalpleasure。
Fearofpowerinvisible，feignedbythemind，orimaginedfromtalespubliclyallowed，religion；notallowed，superstition。Andwhenthepowerimaginedistrulysuchasweimagine，truereligion。
Fearwithouttheapprehensionofwhy，orwhat，panicterror；
calledsofromthefablesthatmakePantheauthorofthem；whereasintruththereisalwaysinhimthatsofeareth，first，someapprehensionofthecause，thoughtherestrunawaybyexample；everyonesupposinghisfellowtoknowwhy。Andthereforethispassionhappenstononebutinathrong，ormultitudeofpeople。
Joyfromapprehensionofnovelty，admiration；propertoman，becauseitexcitestheappetiteofknowingthecause。
Joyarisingfromimaginationofaman’sownpowerandabilityisthatexultationofthemindwhichiscalledglorying：which，ifgroundedupontheexperienceofhisownformeractions，isthesamewithconfidence：butifgroundedontheflatteryofothers，oronlysupposedbyhimself，fordelightintheconsequencesofit，iscalledvainglory：whichnameisproperlygiven；becauseawell-groundedconfidencebegettethattempt；whereasthesupposingofpowerdoesnot，andisthereforerightlycalledvain。
Grief，fromopinionofwantofpower，iscalleddejectionofmind。
Thevainglorywhichconsistethinthefeigningorsupposingofabilitiesinourselves，whichweknowarenot，ismostincidenttoyoungmen，andnourishedbythehistoriesorfictionsofgallantpersons；andiscorrectedoftentimesbyageandemployment。
Suddengloryisthepassionwhichmakeththosegrimacescalledlaughter；andiscausedeitherbysomesuddenactoftheirownthatpleaseththem；orbytheapprehensionofsomedeformedthinginanother，bycomparisonwhereoftheysuddenlyapplaudthemselves。Anditisincidentmosttothemthatareconsciousofthefewestabilitiesinthemselves；whoareforcedtokeepthemselvesintheirownfavourbyobservingtheimperfectionsofothermen。Andthereforemuchlaughteratthedefectsofothersisasignofpusillanimity。Forofgreatmindsoneoftheproperworksistohelpandfreeothersfromscorn，andcomparethemselvesonlywiththemostable。
Onthecontrary，suddendejectionisthepassionthatcausethweeping；andiscausedbysuchaccidentsassuddenlytakeawaysomevehementhope，orsomepropoftheirpower：andtheyaremostsubjecttoitthatrelyprincipallyonhelpsexternal，suchasarewomenandchildren。Therefore，someweepforthelossoffriends；
othersfortheirunkindness；othersforthesuddenstopmadetotheirthoughtsofrevenge，byreconciliation。Butinallcases，bothlaughterandweepingaresuddenmotions，customtakingthembothaway。
Fornomanlaughsatoldjests，orweepsforanoldcalamity。
Griefforthediscoveryofsomedefectofabilityisshame，orthepassionthatdiscoverethitselfinblushing，andconsistethintheapprehensionofsomethingdishonourable；andinyoungmenisasignoftheloveofgoodreputation，andcommendable：inoldmenitisasignofthesame；butbecauseitcomestoolate，notcommendable。
Thecontemptofgoodreputationiscalledimpudence。
Griefforthecalamityofanotherispity；andarisethfromtheimaginationthatthelikecalamitymaybefallhimself；andthereforeiscalledalsocompassion，andinthephraseofthispresenttimeafellow-feeling：andthereforeforcalamityarrivingfromgreatwickedness，thebestmenhavetheleastpity；andforthesamecalamity，thosehaveleastpitythatthinkthemselvesleastobnoxioustothesame。
Contempt，orlittlesenseofthecalamityofothers，isthatwhichmencallcruelty；proceedingfromsecurityoftheirownfortune。
For，thatanymanshouldtakepleasureinothermen’sgreatharms，withoutotherendofhisown，Idonotconceiveitpossible。
Griefforthesuccessofacompetitorinwealth，honour，orothergood，ifitbejoinedwithendeavourtoenforceourownabilitiestoequalorexceedhim，iscalledemulation：butjoinedwithendeavourtosupplantorhinderacompetitor，envy。
Wheninthemindofmanappetitesandaversions，hopesandfears，concerningoneandthesamething，arisealternately；anddiversegoodandevilconsequencesofthedoingoromittingthethingpropoundedcomesuccessivelyintoourthoughts；sothatsometimeswehaveanappetitetoit，sometimesanaversionfromit；sometimeshopetobeabletodoit，sometimesdespair，orfeartoattemptit；thewholesumofdesires，aversions，hopesandfears，continuedtillthethingbeeitherdone，orthoughtimpossible，isthatwecalldeliberation。
Thereforeofthingspastthereisnodeliberation，becausemanifestlyimpossibletobechanged；norofthingsknowntobeimpossible，orthoughtso；becausemenknoworthinksuchdeliberationvain。Butofthingsimpossible，whichwethinkpossible，wemaydeliberate，notknowingitisinvain。Anditiscalleddeliberation；becauseitisaputtinganendtothelibertywehadofdoing，oromitting，accordingtoourownappetite，oraversion。
Thisalternatesuccessionofappetites，aversions，hopesandfearsisnolessinotherlivingcreaturesthaninman；andthereforebeastsalsodeliberate。
Everydeliberationisthensaidtoendwhenthatwhereoftheydeliberateiseitherdoneorthoughtimpossible；becausetillthenweretainthelibertyofdoing，oromitting，accordingtoourappetite，oraversion。
Indeliberation，thelastappetite，oraversion，immediatelyadheringtotheaction，ortotheomissionthereof，isthatwecallthewill；theact，notthefaculty，ofwilling。Andbeaststhathavedeliberationmustnecessarilyalsohavewill。Thedefinitionofthewill，givencommonlybytheSchools，thatitisarationalappetite，isnotgood。Forifitwere，thencouldtherebenovoluntaryactagainstreason。Foravoluntaryactisthatwhichproceedethfromthewill，andnoother。Butifinsteadofarationalappetite，weshallsayanappetiteresultingfromaprecedentdeliberation，thenthedefinitionisthesamethatIhavegivenhere。Will，therefore，isthelastappetiteindeliberating。Andthoughwesayincommondiscourse，amanhadawilloncetodoathing，thatneverthelessheforboretodo；yetthatisproperlybutaninclination，whichmakesnoactionvoluntary；becausetheactiondependsnotofit，butofthelastinclination，orappetite。Foriftheintervenientappetitesmakeanyactionvoluntary，thenbythesamereasonallintervenientaversionsshouldmakethesameactioninvoluntary；andsooneandthesameactionshouldbebothvoluntaryandinvoluntary。
Bythisitismanifestthat，notonlyactionsthathavetheirbeginningfromcovetousness，ambition，lust，orotherappetitestothethingpropounded，butalsothosethathavetheirbeginningfromaversion，orfearofthoseconsequencesthatfollowtheomission，arevoluntaryactions。
Theformsofspeechbywhichthepassionsareexpressedarepartlythesameandpartlydifferentfromthosebywhichweexpressourthoughts。Andfirstgenerallyallpassionsmaybeexpressedindicatively；as，Ilove，Ifear，Ijoy，Ideliberate，Iwill，I
command：butsomeofthemhaveparticularexpressionsbythemselves，whichneverthelessarenotaffirmations，unlessitbewhentheyservetomakeotherinferencesbesidesthatofthepassiontheyproceedfrom。Deliberationisexpressedsubjunctively；whichisaspeechpropertosignifysuppositions，withtheirconsequences；as，Ifthisbedone，thenthiswillfollow；anddiffersnotfromthelanguageofreasoning，savethatreasoningisingeneralwords，butdeliberationforthemostpartisofparticulars。Thelanguageofdesire，andaversion，isimperative；as，Dothis，forbearthat；
whichwhenthepartyisobligedtodo，orforbear，iscommand；
otherwiseprayer；orelsecounsel。Thelanguageofvainglory，ofindignation，pityandrevengefulness，optative：butofthedesiretoknow，thereisapeculiarexpressioncalledinterrogative；as，Whatisit，whenshallit，howisitdone，andwhyso？OtherlanguageofthepassionsIfindnone：forcursing，swearing，reviling，andthelikedonotsignifyasspeech，butastheactionsofatongueaccustomed。
Theseformsofspeech，Isay，areexpressionsorvoluntarysignificationsofourpassions：butcertainsignstheybenot；becausetheymaybeusedarbitrarily，whethertheythatusethemhavesuchpassionsornot。Thebestsignsofpassionspresentareeitherinthecountenance，motionsofthebody，actions，andends，oraims，whichweotherwiseknowthemantohave。
Andbecauseindeliberationtheappetitesandaversionsareraisedbyforesightofthegoodandevilconsequences，andsequelsoftheactionwhereofwedeliberate，thegoodorevileffectthereofdependethontheforesightofalongchainofconsequences，ofwhichveryseldomanymanisabletoseetotheend。Butforsofarasamanseeth，ifthegoodinthoseconsequencesbegreaterthantheevil，thewholechainisthatwhichwriterscallapparentorseeminggood。Andcontrarily，whentheevilexceedeththegood，thewholeisapparentorseemingevil：sothathewhohathbyexperience，orreason，thegreatestandsurestprospectofconsequences，deliberatesbesthimself；andisable，whenhewill，togivethebestcounseluntoothers。