Butifastrangerormeticsmiteonewhoisolderbytwentyyearsormore，thesamelawshallholdaboutthebystandersassisting，andhewhoisfoundguiltyinsuchasuit，ifhebeastrangerbutnotresident，shallbeimprisonedduringaperiodoftwoyears；andameticwhodisobeysthelawsshallbeimprisonedforthreeyears，unlessthecourtassignhimalongerterm。Andlethimwhowaspresentinanyofthesecasesanddidnotassistaccordingtolawbepunished，ifhebeofthehighestdass，bypayingafineofamina；orifhebeofthesecondclass，offiftydrachmas；orifofthethirdclass，byafineofthirtydrachmas；orifhebeofthefourthclass，byafineoftwentydrachmas；andthegeneralsandtaxiarchsandphylarchsandhipparchsshallformthecourtinsuchcases。

　　Lawsarepartlyframedforthesakeofgoodmen，inordertoinstructthemhowtheythayliveonfriendlytermswithoneanother，andpartlyforthesakeofthosewhorefusetobeinstructed，whosespiritcannotbesubdued，orsoftened，orhinderedfromplungingintoevil。ThesearethepersonswhocausethewordtobespokenwhichIamabouttoutter；forthemthelegislatorlegislatesofnecessity，andinthehopethattheremaybenoneedofhislaws。Hewhoshalldaretolayviolenthandsuponhisfatherormother，oranystillolderrelative，havingnofeareitherofthewrathoftheGodsabove，orofthepunishmentsthatarespokenofintheworldbelow，buttransgressesincontemptofancientanduniversaltraditionsasthoughheweretoowisetobelieveinthem，requiressomeextrememeasureofprevention。Nowdeathisnottheworstthatcanhappentomen；farworsearethepunishmentswhicharesaidtopursuethemintheworldbelow。Butalthoughtheyaremosttruetales，theyworkonsuchsoulsnoprevention；foriftheyhadanyeffecttherewouldbenoslayersofmothers，orimpioushandsliftedupagainstparents；andthereforethepunishmentsofthisworldwhichareinflictedduringlifeoughtnotinsuchcasestofallshort，ifpossible，oftheterrorsoftheworldbelow。Letourenactmentthenbeasfollows：-Ifamandaretostrikehisfatherorhismother，ortheirfathersormothers，hebeingatthetimeofsoundmind，thenletanyonewhoisathandcometotherescueashasbeenalreadysaid，andthemeticorstrangerwhocomestotherescueshallbecalledtothefirstplaceinthegames；butifhedonotcomeheshallsufferthepunishmentofperpetualexile。Hewhoisnotametic，ifhecomestotherescue，shallhavepraise，andifhedonotcome，blame。Andifaslavecometotherescue，lethimbemadefree，butifhedonotcometherescue，lethimreceive100strokesofthewhip，byorderofthewardensoftheagora，iftheoccurrencetakeplaceintheagora；orifsomewhereinthecitybeyondthelimitsoftheagora，anywardenofthecityisinresidenceshallpunishhim；orifinthecountry，thenthecommandersofthewardensofthecountry。Ifthosewhoarenearatthetimebeinhabitantsofthesameplace，whethertheybeyouths，ormen，orwomen，letthemcometotherescueanddenouncehimastheimpiousone；andhewhodoesnotcometotherescueshallfallunderthecurseofZeus，theGodofkindredandofancestors，accordingtolaw。Andifanyoneisfoundguiltyofassaultingaparent，lethiminthefirstplacebeforeverbanishedfromthecityintothecountry，andlethimabstainfromthetemples；andifhedonotabstain，thewardensofthecountryshallpunishhimwithblows，orinanywaywhichtheyplease，andifhereturnheshallbeputtodeath。Andifanyfreemaneatordrink，orhaveanyothersortofintercoursewithhim，oronlymeetinghimhavevoluntarilytouchedhim，heshallnotenterintoanytemple，norintotheagora，norintothecity，untilheispurified；forheshouldconsiderthathehasbecometaintedbyacurse。Andifhedisobeysthelaw，andpollutesthecityandthetemplescontrarytolaw，andoneofthemagistratesseeshimanddoesnotindicthim，whenhegivesinhisaccountthisomissionshallbeamostseriouscharge。

　　Ifaslavestrikeafreeman，whetherastrangeroracitizen，letanyonewhoispresentcometotherescue，orpaythepenaltyalreadymentioned；andletthebystandersbindhim，anddeliverhimuptotheinjuredperson，andhereceivinghimshallputhiminchains，andinflictonhimasmanystripesashepleases；buthavingpunishedhimhemustsurrenderhimtohismasteraccordingtolaw，andnotdeprivehimofhisproperty。Letthelawbeasfollows：-Theslavewhostrikesafreeman，notatthecommandofthemagistrates，hisownershallreceiveboundfromthemanwhomhehasstricken，andnotreleasehimuntiltheslavehaspersuadedthemanwhomhehasstrickenthatheoughttobereleased。Andlettherebethesamelawsaboutwomeninrelationtowomen，aboutmenandwomeninrelationtooneanother。

　　BOOKX

　　Andnowhavingspokenofassaults，letussumupallactsofviolenceunderasinglelaw，whichshallbeasfollows：-Nooneshalltakeorcarryawayanyofhisneighbour’sgoods，neithershallheuseanythingwhichishisneighbour’swithouttheconsentoftheowner；forthesearetheoffenceswhichareandhavebeen，andwilleverbe，thesourceofalltheaforesaidevils。Thegreatestofthemareexcessesandinsolencesofyouth，andareoffencesagainstthegreatestwhentheyaredoneagainstreligion；andespeciallygreatwheninviolationofpublicandholyrites，orofthepartly-commonritesinwhichtribesandphratriesshare；andintheseconddegreegreatwhentheyarecommittedagainstprivateritesandsepulchres，andinthethirddegreenottorepeattheactsformerlymentioned，wheninsultsareofferedtoparents；thefourthkindofviolenceiswhenanyone，regardlessoftheauthorityoftherulers，takesorcarriesawayormakesuseofanythingwhichbelongstothem，nothavingtheirconsent；andthefifthkindiswhentheviolationofthecivilrightsofanindividualdemandsreparation。Thereshouldbeacommonlawembracingallthesecases。Forwehavealreadysaidingeneraltermswhatshallbethepunishmentofsacrilege，whetherfraudulentorviolent，andnowwehavetodeterminewhatistobethepunishmentofthosewhospeakoractinsolentlytowardtheGods。

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