第8章
加入书架 A- A+
点击下载App,搜索"Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions",免费读到尾

  Rightinthepathwayofthecar,andblockingupthepassage,standsalargebuilding,withthreedoors,throughoneofwhichitmustpass,ifitproceedsfurther,andallthecrowdalongwithit。Overthefirstdoorarethewords,“HopitaldesFoux,“overthesecond,“HopitaldesMalades,“andoverthethird,“HopitaldesGueux。“

  AnothercaricaturerepresentedLawsittinginalargecauldron,boilingovertheflamesofpopularmadness,surroundedbyanimpetuousmultitude,whowerepouringalltheirgoldandsilverintoit,andreceivinggladlyinexchangethebitsofpaperwhichhedistributedamongthembyhandsfull。

  Whilethisexcitementlasted,Lawtookgoodcarenottoexposehimselfunguardedinthestreets。ShutupintheapartmentsoftheRegent,hewassecurefromallattack,and,wheneverheventuredabroad,itwaseitherincognito,orinoneoftheRoyalcarriages,withapowerfulescort。Anamusinganecdoteisrecordedofthedetestationinwhichhewasheldbythepeople,andtheilltreatmenthewouldhavemet,hadhefallenintotheirhands。Agentleman,ofthenameofBoursel,waspassinginhiscarriagedowntheRueSt。Antoine,whenhisfurtherprogresswasstayedbyahackneycoachthathadblockeduptheroad。M。Boursel’sservantcalledimpatientlytothehackneycoachmantogetoutoftheway,and,onhisrefusal,struckhimablowontheface。Acrowdwassoondrawntogetherbythedisturbance,andM。Bourselgotoutofthecarriagetorestoreorder。

  Thehackney-coachman,imaginingthathehadnowanotherassailant,bethoughthimofanexpedienttoridhimselfofboth,andcalledoutasloudlyashewasable,“Help!help!murder!murder!HereareLawandhisservantgoingtokillme!Help!help!“Atthiscry,thepeoplecameoutoftheirshops,armedwithsticksandotherweapons,whilethemobgatheredstonestoinflictsummaryvengeanceuponthesupposedfinancier。HappilyforM。Bourselandhisservant,thedoorofthechurchoftheJesuitsstoodwideopen,and,seeingthefearfuloddsagainstthem,theyrushedtowardsitwithallspeed。Theyreachedthealtar,pursuedbythepeople,andwouldhavebeenilltreatedeventhere,if,findingthedooropenleadingtothesacristy,theyhadnotsprangthrough,andcloseditafterthem。Themobwerethenpersuadedtoleavethechurchbythealarmedandindignantpriests;and,findingM。Boursel’scarriagestillinthestreets,theyventedtheirill-willagainstit,anddiditconsiderabledamage。

  Thetwenty-fivemillionssecuredonthemunicipalrevenuesofthecityofParis,bearingsolowaninterestastwoandahalfpercent。,werenotverypopularamongthelargeholdersofMississippistock。

  Theconversionofthesecuritieswas,therefore,aworkofconsiderabledifficulty;formanypreferredtoretainthefallingpaperofLaw’sCompany,inthehopethatafavourableturnmighttakeplace。Onthe15thofAugust,withaviewtohastentheconversion,anedictwaspassed,declaringthatallnotesforsumsbetweenonethousandandtenthousandlivres;shouldnotpasscurrent,exceptforthepurchaseofannuitiesandbankaccounts,orforthepaymentofinstalmentsstilldueonthesharesofthecompany。

  InOctoberfollowinganotheredictwaspassed,deprivingthesenotesofallvaluewhateverafterthemonthofNovembernextensuing。

  Themanagementofthemint,thefarmingoftherevenue,andalltheotheradvantagesandprivilegesoftheIndia,orMississippiCompany,weretakenfromthem,andtheywerereducedtoamereprivatecompany。

  Thiswasthedeathblowtothewholesystem,whichhadnowgotintothehandsofitsenemies。LawhadlostallinfluenceintheCouncilofFinance,andthecompany,beingdespoiledofitsimmunities,couldnolongerholdouttheshadowofaprospectofbeingabletofulfilitsengagements。Allthosesuspectedofillegalprofitsatthetimethepublicdelusionwasatitsheight,weresoughtoutandamercedinheavyfines。Itwaspreviouslyorderedthatalistoftheoriginalproprietorsshouldbemadeout,andthatsuchpersonsasstillretainedtheirsharesshouldplacethemindepositwiththecompany,andthatthosewhohadneglectedtocompletethesharesforwhichtheyhadputdowntheirnames,shouldnowpurchasethemofthecompany,attherateof13,500livresforeachshareof500livres。Ratherthansubmittopaythisenormoussumforstockwhichwasactuallyatadiscount,theshareholderspackedupalltheirportableeffects,andendeavouredtofindarefugeinforeigncountries。Orderswereimmediatelyissuedtotheauthoritiesattheportsandfrontiers,toapprehendalltravellerswhosoughttoleavethekingdom,andkeepthemincustody,untilitwasascertainedwhethertheyhadanyplateorjewellerywiththem,orwereconcernedinthelatestock-jobbing。

  Againstsuchfewasescaped,thepunishmentofdeathwasrecorded,whilethemostarbitraryproceedingswereinstitutedagainstthosewhoremained。

  Lawhimself,inamomentofdespair,determinedtoleaveacountrywherehislifewasnolongersecure。HeatfirstonlydemandedpermissiontoretirefromParistooneofhiscountry-seats;apermissionwhichtheRegentcheerfullygranted。Thelatterwasmuchaffectedattheunhappyturnaffairshadtaken,buthisfaithcontinuedunmovedinthetruthandefficacyofLaw’sfinancialsystem。

  Hiseyeswereopenedtohisownerrors,andduringthefewremainingyearsofhislife,heconstantlylongedforanopportunityofagainestablishingthesystemuponasecurerbasis。AtLaw’slastinterviewwiththePrince,heisreportedtohavesaid——“IconfessthatIhavecommittedmanyfaults;IcommittedthembecauseIamaman,andallmenareliabletoerror;butIdeclaretoyoumostsolemnlythatnoneofthemproceededfromwickedordishonestmotives,andthatnothingofthekindwillbefoundinthewholecourseofmyconduct。“

  TwoorthreedaysafterhisdeparturetheRegentsenthimaverykindletter,permittinghimtoleavethekingdomwheneverhepleased,andstatingthathehadorderedhispassportstobemadeready。Heatthesametimeofferedhimanysumofmoneyhemightrequire。Lawrespectfullydeclinedthemoney,andsetoutforBrusselsinapostchaisebelongingtoMadamedePrie,themistressoftheDukeofBourbon,escortedbysixhorse-guards。FromthenceheproceededtoVenice,whereheremainedforsomemonths,theobjectofthegreatestcuriositytothepeople,whobelievedhimtobethepossessorofenormouswealth。Noopinion,however,couldbemoreerroneous。Withmoregenerositythancouldhavebeenexpectedfromamanwhoduringthegreatestpartofhislifehadbeenaprofessedgambler,hehadrefusedtoenrichhimselfattheexpenseofaruinednation。DuringtheheightofthepopularfrenzyforMississippistock,hehadneverdoubtedofthefinalsuccessofhisprojects,inmakingFrancetherichestandmostpowerfulnationofEurope。HeinvestedallhisgainsinthepurchaseoflandedpropertyinFrance-asureproofofhisownbeliefinthestabilityofhisschemes。Hehadhoardednoplateorjewellery,andsentnomoney,likethedishonestjobbers,toforeigncountries。Hisall,withtheexceptionofonediamond,worthaboutfiveorsixthousandpoundssterling,wasinvestedintheFrenchsoil;

  andwhenheleftthatcountry,heleftitalmostabeggar。Thisfactaloneoughttorescuehismemoryfromthechargeofknavery,sooftenandsounjustlybroughtagainsthim。

  Assoonashisdeparturewasknown,allhisestatesandhisvaluablelibrarywereconfiscated。Amongtherest,anannuityof200,000livres,8000poundssterling,onthelivesofhiswifeandchildren,whichhadbeenpurchasedforfivemillionsoflivres,wasforfeited,notwithstandingthataspecialedict,drawnupforthepurposeinthedaysofhisprosperity,hadexpresslydeclaredthatitshouldneverbeconfiscatedforanycausewhatever。GreatdiscontentexistedamongthepeoplethatLawhadbeensufferedtoescape。ThemobandtheParliamentwouldhavebeenpleasedtohaveseenhimhanged。

  Thefewwhohadnotsufferedbythecommercialrevolution,rejoicedthatthequackhadleftthecountry;butallthoseandtheywerebyfarthemostnumerousclasswhosefortuneswereimplicated,regrettedthathisintimateknowledgeofthedistressofthecountry,andofthecausesthathadledtoit,hadnotbeenrenderedmoreavailableindiscoveringaremedy。

  AtameetingoftheCouncilofFinance,andthegeneralcounciloftheRegency,documentswerelaiduponthetable,fromwhichitappearedthattheamountofnotesincirculationwas2700millions。

  TheRegentwascalledupontoexplainhowithappenedthattherewasadiscrepancybetweenthedatesatwhichtheseissuesweremade,andthoseoftheedictsbywhichtheywereauthorised。Hemighthavesafelytakenthewholeblameuponhimself,buthepreferredthatanabsentmanshouldbearashareofit,andhethereforestatedthatLaw,uponhisownauthority,hadissued1200millionsofnotesatdifferenttimes,andthathetheRegentseeingthatthethinghadbeenirrevocablydone,hadscreenedLaw,byantedatingthedecreesofthecouncil,whichauthorisedtheaugmentation。Itwouldhavebeenmoretohiscreditifhehadtoldthewholetruthwhilehewasaboutit,andacknowledgedthatitwasmainlythroughhisextravaganceandimpatiencethatLawhadbeeninducedtooversteptheboundsofsafespeculation。Itwasalsoascertainedthatthenationaldebt,onthe1stofJanuary,1721,amountedtoupwardsof$100millionsoflivres,ormorethan124,000,000poundssterling,theinterestuponwhichwas3,196,000pounds。Acommission,orvisa,wasforthwithappointedtoexamineintoallthesecuritiesofthestatecreditors,whoweretobedividedintofiveclasses,thefirstfourcomprisingthosewhohadpurchasedtheirsecuritieswithrealeffects,andthelattercomprisingthosewhocouldgivenoproofsthatthetransactionstheyhadenteredintowererealandbonafide。Thesecuritiesofthelatterwereorderedtobedestroyed,whilethoseofthefirstfourclassesweresubjectedtoamostrigidandjealousscrutiny。Theresultofthelaboursofthevisawasareport,inwhichtheycounselledthereductionoftheinterestuponthesesecuritiestofifty-sixmillionsoflivres。Theyjustifiedthisadvicebyastatementofthevariousactsofpeculationandextortionwhichtheyhaddiscovered,andanedicttothateffectwasaccordinglypublishedanddulyregisteredbytheparliamentsofthekingdom。

  Anothertribunalwasafterwardsestablished,underthetitleoftheChambredel’Arsenal,whichtookcognizanceofallthemalversationscommittedinthefinancialdepartmentsofthegovernmentduringthelateunhappyperiod。AMasterofRequests,namedFalhonet,togetherwiththeAbbeClement,andtwoclerksintheiremploy,hadbeenconcernedindiversactsofpeculation,totheamountofupwardsofamillionoflivres。Thefirsttwoweresentencedtobebeheaded,andthelattertobehanged;buttheirpunishmentwasafterwardscommutedintoimprisonmentforlifeintheBastile。Numerousotheractsofdishonestywerediscovered,andpunishedbyfineandimprisonment。

  D’ArgensonsharedwithLawandtheRegenttheunpopularitywhichhadalighteduponallthoseconcernedintheMississippimadness。HewasdismissedfromhispostofChancellor,tomakeroomforD’Aguesseau;butheretainedthetitleofKeeperoftheSeals,andwasallowedtoattendthecouncilswheneverhepleased。Hethoughtitbetter,however,towithdrawfromParis,andliveforatimealifeofseclusionathiscountry-seat。Buthewasnotformedforretirement,andbecomingmoodyanddiscontented,heaggravatedadiseaseunderwhichhehadlonglaboured,anddiedinlessthanatwelvemonth。ThepopulaceofofParissodetestedhim,thattheycarriedtheirhatredeventohisgrave。AshisfuneralprocessionpassedtothechurchofSt。NicholasduChardonneret,theburying-placeofhisfamily,itwasbesetbyariotousmob,andhistwosons,whowerefollowingaschief-mourners,wereobligedtodriveasfastastheywereabledownaby-streettoescapepersonalviolence。

点击下载App,搜索"Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions",免费读到尾