ABRAHAMLINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALW。S。ROSECRANS。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，APRIL23，186310。10amMAJOR—GENERALROSECRANS，Murfreesborough，Tenn。：
Yourdespatchofthe21streceived。IreallycannotsaythatIhaveheardanycomplaintofyou。IhaveheardcomplaintofapolicecorpsatNashville，butyournamewasnotmentionedinconnectionwithit，sofarasIremember。Itmaybethatbyinferenceyouareconnectedwithit，butmyattentionhasneverbeendrawntoitinthatlight。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALJ。HOOKER。
WASHINGTON，D。C。，April27，1863。3。30P。M。
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER：
Howdoesitlooknow？
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGOVERNORCURTIN。
WARDEPARTMENT，WASHINGTON，April28，1863。
HON。A。O。CURTIN，Harrisburg，Penn。：
IdonotthinkthepeopleofPennsylvaniashouldbeuneasyaboutaninvasion。DoubtlessasmallforceoftheenemyisflourishingaboutinthenorthernpartofVirginia，onthe\"skewhorn\"principle，onpurposetodivertusinanotherquarter。Ibelieveitisnothingmore。Wethinkwehaveadequateforcecloseafterthem。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOW。A。NEWELL。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，April29，1863。
HON。W。A。NEWELL，Allentown，N。J。：
Ihavesometroubleaboutprovost—marshalinyourfirstdistrict。
PleaseprocureHON。Mr，Starrtocomewithyouandseeme，orcometoanagreementwithhimandtelegraphmetheresult。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGOVERNORCURTIN，EXECUTIVEMANSION，MAY1，1863
GOVERNORCURTIN，Harrisburg，Penn。：
ThewholedisposableforceatBaltimoreandelsewhereinreachhavealreadybeensentaftertheenemywhichalarmsyou。TheworstthingtheenemycoulddoforhimselfwouldbetoweakenhimselfbeforeHooker，andthereforeitissafetobelieveheisnotdoingit；andthebestthinghecoulddoforhimselfwouldbetogetussoscaredastobringpartofHooker’sforceaway，andthatisjustwhatheistryingtodo。Iwilltelegraphyouinthemorningaboutcallingoutthemilitia。
A。LINCOLN，TELEGRAMTOGOVERNORCURTIN
EXECUTIVEMANSION，MAY2，1863
GOVERNORCURTIN，Harrisburg，Penn。：
GeneralHallecktellsmehehasadespatchfromGeneralSchenckthismorning，informinghimthatourforceshavejoined，andthattheenemymenacingPennsylvaniawillhavetofightorruntoday。IhopeIamnotlessanxioustodomydutytoPennsylvaniathanyourself，butIreallydonotyetseethejustificationforincurringthetroubleandexpenseofcallingoutthemilitia。Ishallkeepwatch，andtrytodomyduty。
A。LINCOLN
P。S。——OurforcesareexactlybetweentheenemyandPennsylvania。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALD。BUTTERFIELD。
WASHINGTON，D。C。，May3，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALBUTTERFIELD，ChiefofStaff：
ThePresidentthanksyouforyourtelegrams，andhopesyouwillkeephimadvisedasrapidlyasanyinformationreachesyou。
EDWINM。STANTON，SecretaryofWar。
GENERALSLOST
TELEGRAMTOGENERALD。BUTTERFIELD。
WASHINGTON，D。C。，May3，1863。4。35P。M。
MAJOR—GENERALBUTTERFIELD：
WhereisGeneralHooker？WhereisSedgwickWhereisStoneman？
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALJ。HOOKER。
WASHINGTON，D。C。，May4，1863。3。10PM。
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER：
WehavenewsherethattheenemyhasreoccupiedheightsaboveFredericksburg。Isthatso？
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALBURNSIDE。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，May4，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALBURN5IDE，Cincinnati，O。：
OurfriendGeneralSigelclaimsthatyouowehimaletter。Ifyousorememberpleasewritehimatonce。Heishere。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALHOOKER。
WASHINGTON，D。C。，May6，1863。2。25。P。M。
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER：
WehavethroughGeneralDixthecontentsofRichmondpapersofthe5th。GeneralDix’sdespatchinfullisgoingtoyoubyCaptainFoxofthenavy。ThesubstanceisGeneralLee’sdespatchofthe3dSunday，claimingthathehadbeatenyouandthatyouwerethenretreatingacrosstheRappahannock，distinctlystatingthattwoofLongstreet’sdivisionsfoughtyouonSaturday，andthatGeneral[E。
F。]Paxtonwaskilled，StonewallJacksonseverelywounded，andGeneralsHethandA。P。Hillslightlywounded。TheRichmondpapersalsostated，uponwhatauthoritynotmentioned，thatourcavalryhavebeenatAshland，HanoverCourt—House，andotherpoints，destroyingseverallocomotivesandagooddealofotherproperty，andalltherailroadbridgestowithinfivemilesofRichmond。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALHOOKER
WASHINGTON，D。C。，May6，1863。12。30P。M。
JustasItelegraphedyoucontentsofRichmondpapersshowingthatourcavalryhasnotfailed，IreceivedGeneralButterfield’sof11
A。M。yesterday。This，withthegreatrainofyesterdayandlastnightsecuringyourrightflank，Ithinkputsanewfaceuponyourcase；butyoumustbethejudge。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOCOLONELR。INGALLS。
WASHINGTON，D。C。，May6，18631。45PM
COLONELINGALLS：
NewshasgonetoGeneralHookerwhichmaychangehisplans。Actinviewofsuchcontingency。
A。LINCOLN。
TOGENERALJ。HOOKER。
HEADQUARTERSARMYOFTHEPOTOMAC，May7，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER。
MYDEARSIR：——Therecentmovementofyourarmyisendedwithouteffectingitsobject，except，perhaps，someimportantbreakingsoftheenemy’scommunications。Whatnext？Ifpossible，Iwouldbeverygladofanothermovementearlyenoughtogiveussomebenefitfromthefactoftheenemy’scommunicationbeingbroken；butneitherforthisreasonnoranyotherdoIwishanythingdoneindesperationorrashness。Anearlymovementwouldalsohelptosupersedethebadmoraleffectoftherecertain，whichissaidtobeconsiderablyinjurious。Haveyoualreadyinyourmindaplanwhollyorpartiallyformed？Ifyouhave，prosecuteitwithoutinterferencefromme。Ifyouhavenot，pleaseinformme，sothatI，incompetentasImaybe，cantryandassistintheformationofsomeplanforthearmy。
Yoursasever，A。LINCOLN。
DRAFTINGOFALIENS
PROCLAMATIONCONCERNINGALIENS，MAY8，1863。
BYTHEPRESIDENTOFTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA：
AProclamationWhereastheCongressoftheUnitedStates，atitslastsession，enactedalawentitled\"Anactforenrollingandcallingoutthenationalforcesandforotherpurposes，\"whichwasapprovedonthe3ddayofMarchlast；andWhereasitisrecitedinthesaidactthattherenowexistsintheUnitedStatesaninsurrectionandrebellionagainsttheauthoritythereof，anditis，undertheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates，thedutyofthegovernmenttosuppressinsurrectionandrebellion，toguaranteetoeachStatearepublicanformofgovernment，andtopreservethepublictranquillity；andWhereasforthesehighpurposesamilitaryforceisindispensable，toraiseandsupportwhichallpersonsOughtwillinglytocontribute；
andWhereasnoservicecanbemorepraiseworthyandhonorablethanthatwhichisrenderedforthemaintenanceoftheConstitutionandtheUnion，andtheconsequentpreservationoffreegovernment；andWhereas，forthereasonsthusrecited，itwasenactedbythesaidstatutethatallable—bodiedmalecitizensoftheUnitedStates，andpersonsofforeignbirthwhoshallhavedeclaredonoaththeirintentiontobecomecitizensunderandinpursuanceofthelawsthereof，betweentheagesoftwentyandforty—fiveyearswithcertainexceptionsnotnecessarytobeherementioned，aredeclaredtoconstitutethenationalforces，andshallbeliabletoperformmilitarydutyintheserviceoftheUnitedStateswhencalledoutbythePresidentforthatpurpose；andWhereasitisclaimedbyandinbehalfofpersonsofforeignbirthwithintheagesspecifiedinsaidact，whohaveheretoforedeclaredonoaththeirintentionstobecomecitizensunderandinpursuanceofthelawsoftheUnitedStates，andwhohavenotexercisedtherightofsuffrageoranyotherpoliticalfranchiseunderthelawsoftheUnitedStates，orofanyoftheStatesthereof，thattheyarenotabsolutelyconcludedbytheiraforesaiddeclarationofintentionfromrenouncingtheirpurposetobecomecitizens，andthat，onthecontrary，suchpersonsundertreatiesorthelawofnationsretainarighttorenouncethatpurposeandtoforegotheprivilegesofcitizenshipandresidencewithintheUnitedStatesundertheobligationsimposedbytheaforesaidactofCongress：
Now，therefore，toavoidallmisapprehensionsconcerningtheliabilityofpersonsconcernedtoperformtheservicerequiredbysuchenactment，andtogiveitfulleffect，IdoherebyorderandproclaimthatnopleaofalienagewillbereceivedorallowedtoexemptfromtheobligationsimposedbytheaforesaidactofCongressanypersonofforeignbirthwhoshallhavedeclaredonoathhisintentiontobecomeacitizenoftheUnitedStatesunderthelawsthereof，andwhoshallbefoundwithintheUnitedStatesatanytimeduringthecontinuanceofthepresentinsurrectionandrebellion，atoraftertheexpirationoftheperiodofsixty—fivedaysfromthedateofthisproclamation；norshallanysuchpleaofalienagebeallowedinfavorofanysuchpersonwhohasso，asaforesaid，declaredhisintentiontobecomeacitizenoftheUnitedStates，andshallhaveexercisedatanytimetherightofsuffrage，oranyotherpoliticalfranchise，withintheUnitedStates，underthelawsthereof，orunderthelawsofanyoftheseveralStates。
Inwitnesswhereof，Ihavehereuntosetmyhand，andcausedthesealoftheUnitedStatestobeaffixed。
DoneatthecityofWashington，thiseighthdayofMay，intheyearofourLordonethousandeighthundredandsixty—three，andoftheindependenceoftheUnitedStatestheeighty—seventh。
ABRAHAMLINCOLN。
BythePresident：
WILLIAMH。SEWARD
TELEGRAMTOGENERALJ。HOOKER。
WASHINGTON，D。C。May8，1863。4P。M。
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER：
ThenewsishereofthecapturebyourforcesofGrandGulf——alargeandveryimportantthing。GeneralWillich，anexchangedprisonerjustfromRichmond，hastalkedwithmethismorning。Hewastherewhenourcavalrycuttheroadsinthatvicinity。HesaystherewasnotasoundpairoflegsinRichmond，andthatourmen，hadtheyknownit，couldhavesafelygoneinandburnedeverythingandbroughtinJeffDavis。Wecapturedandparoled300or400men。HesaysashecametoCityPointtherewasanarmythreemileslongLongstreet’s，hethoughtmovingtowardRichmond。
MuroyhascapturedadespatchofGeneralLee，inwhichhesayshislosswasfearfulinhislastbattlewithyou。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALJ。A。DIX。
WARDEPARTMENT，May9，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALDIX：
ItisveryimportantforHookertoknowexactlywhatdamageisdonetotherailroadsatallpointsbetweenFredericksburgandRichmond。
AsyetwehavenowordastowhetherthecrossingsoftheNorthandSouthAnna，oranyofthem，havebeentouched。TherearefouroftheseCrossings；thatis，oneoneachroadoneachstream。Youreadilyperceivewhythisinformationisdesired。IsupposeKilpatrickorDaviscantell。Pleaseascertainfullywhatwasdone，andwhatisthepresentcondition，asnearasyoucan，andadvisemeatonce。
A。LINCOLN。
TOSECRETARYSEWARD。
WASHINGTON，May9，1863
IbelieveMr。L。isagoodman，buttwothingsneedtoberemembered。
1st。Mr。R。’srivalwasarelativeofMr。L。
2d。IhearofnobodycallingMr。R。a\"Copperhead，\"butMr。L。
However，letuswatch。
A。L。
TOSECRETARYSTANTON。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，MAY11，1863
HON。SECRETARYOFWAR。
DEARSIR：——IhaveagainconcludedtorelieveGeneralCurtis。Iseenootherwaytoavoidtheworstconsequencesthere。IthinkofGeneralSchofieldashissuccessor，butIdonotwishtotakethematterofasuccessoroutofthehandsofyourselfandGeneralHalleck。
Yourstruly，A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALDIX。
WARDEPARTMENT，WASHINGTONCITY，May11，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALDIX：
DotheRichmondpapershaveanythingaboutGrandGulforVicksburg？
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALBUTTERFIELD。
[Cipher。]
WARDEPARTMENT，WASHINGTONCITY，May11，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALBUTTERFIELD：
AboutwhatdistanceisitfromtheobservatorywestoppedatlastThursdaytothelineofenemies’worksyourangedtheglassuponforme？
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGOVERNORSEYMOUR
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，May12，1863。
GOVERNORSEYMOUR，Albany，N。Y。：
Dr。SwinburneandMr。Gillettarehere，havingbeenrefused，astheysay，bytheWarDepartment，permissiontogototheArmyofthePotomac。Theynowappealtome，sayingyouwishthemtogo。I
supposetheyhavebeenexcludedbyarulewhichexperiencehasinducedthedepartmenttodeemproper；stilltheyshallhaveleavetogo，ifyousayyoudesireit。Pleaseanswer。
A。LINCOLN
TELEGRAMTOA。G。HENRY。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTONMay13，1863。
Dr。A。G。HENRY，MetropolitanHotel，NewYork：
GovernorChase’sfeelingswerehurtbymyactioninhisabsence。
Smithisremoved，butGovernorChasewishestonamehissuccessor，andasksadayortwotomakethedesignation。
A。LINCOLN。
TOGENERALJ。HOOKER。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，D。C。
May14，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER，Commanding。
MYDEARSIR：——WhenIwroteonthe7th，Ihadanimpressionthatpossiblybyanearlymovementyoucouldgetsomeadvantagefromthesupposedfactsthattheenemy’scommunicationsweredisturbedandthathewassomewhatderangedinposition。Thatideahasnowpassedaway，theenemyhavingre—establishedhiscommunications，regainedhispositions，andactuallyreceivedreinforcements。ItdoesnotnowappearprobabletomethatyoucangainanythingbyanearlyrenewaloftheattempttocrosstheRappahannock。Ithereforeshallnotcomplainifyoudonomoreforatimethantokeeptheenemyatbayandoutofothermischiefbymenacesandoccasionalcavalryraids，ifpracticable，andtoputyourownarmyingoodconditionagain。
Still，ifinyourownclearjudgmentyoucanrenewtheattacksuccessfully，Idonotmeantorestrainyou。Bearinguponthislastpoint，ImusttellyouthatIhavesomepainfulintimationsthatsomeofyourcorpsanddivisioncommandersarenotgivingyoutheirentireconfidence。Thiswouldberuinous，iftrue，andyoushouldtherefore，firstofall，ascertaintherealfactsbeyondallpossibilityofdoubt。
Yourstruly，A。LINCOLN。
FACTIONALQUARRELS
TELEGRAMTOH。T。BLOWANDOTHERS。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，May15，1863。
HON。H。T。BLOW，C。D。DRAKE，ANDOTHERS，St。Louis，Mo。：
Yourdespatchofto—dayisjustreceived。ItisverypainfultomethatyouinMissouricannotorwillnotsettleyourfactionalquarrelamongyourselves。Ihavebeentormentedwithitbeyondenduranceformonthsbybothsides。Neithersidepaystheleastrespecttomyappealstoyourreason。Iamnowcompelledtotakeholdofthecase。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOJAMESGUTHRIE。
WARDEPARTMENT，WASHINGTONCITY，May16，1863。
HON。JAMESGUTHRIE，Louisville，Ky。：
Yourdespatchofto—dayisreceived。IpersonallyknownothingofColonelChurchill，butmonthsagoandmorethanoncehehasbeenrepresentedtomeasexertingamischievousinfluenceatSaintLouis，forwhichreasonIamunwillingtoforcehiscontinuancethereagainstthejudgmentofourfriendsontheground；butifitwillobligeyou，hemaycometoandremainatLouisvilleupontakingtheoathofallegiance，andyourpledgeforhisgoodbehavior。
A。LINCOLN。
TOSECRETARYOFWAR。
WARDEPARTMENT，WASHINGTONCITY，May16，1863。
HON。SECRETARYOFWAR。
MYDEARSIR：——ThecommanderoftheDepartmentatSt。Louishasorderedseveralpersonssouthofourmilitarylines，whichorderisnotdisapprovedbyme。YetatthespecialrequestoftheHON。JamesGuthrieIhaveconsentedtooneofthenumber，SamuelChurchill，remainingatLouisville，Ky。，uponconditionofhistakingtheoathofallegianceandMr。Gutlirie’swordofhonorforhisgoodbehavior。
Yourstruly，A。LINCOLN。
ORDERSSENDINGC。L。VALLANDIGHAMBEYONDMILITARYLINES。
[Cipher。]
UNITEDSTATESMILITARYTELEGRAPH，May10，1863。
BytelegraphfromWashington，9。40PM，1863
TOMAJOR—GENERALBURNSIDE，CommandingDepartmentofOhio。
SIR：——ThePresidentdirectsthatwithoutdelayyousendC。L。
VallandighamundersecureguardtotheHeadquartersofGeneralRosecrans，tobeputbyhimbeyondourmilitarylines；andincaseofhisreturnwithinourlines，hebearrestedandkeptinclosecustodyforthetermspecifiedinhissentence。
ByorderofthePresident：
E。R。S。CANBY，AssistantAdjutant—General。
WARDEPARTMENT，May20，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALA。B。BURNSIDE，CommandingDepartmentofOhio，Cincinnati，O。
Yourdespatchofthreeo’clockthisafternoontotheSecretaryofWarhasbeenreceivedandshowntothePresident。HethinksthebestdispositiontobemadeofVallandighamistoputhimbeyondthelines，asdirectedintheordertransmittedtoyoulastevening，anddirectsthatyouexecutethatorderbysendinghimforwardundersecureguardwithoutdelaytoGeneralRosecrans。
ByorderofthePresident：
ED。R。S。CANBY，Brigadier—GeneralTELEGRAMTOGENERALW。S。ROSECRANS。
WASHINGTON，May20，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALROSECRANS：
YoursofyesterdayinregardtoColonelHaggardisreceived。Iamanxiousthatyoushallnotmisunderstandme。InnocasehaveI
intendedtocensureyouortoquestionyourability。InColonelHaggard’scaseImeantnomorethantosuggestthatpossiblyyoumighthavebeenmistakeninapointthatcould[be]corrected。I
frequentlymakemistakesmyselfinthemanythingsIamcompelledtodohastily。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALW。S。ROSECRANS。
WASHINGTON，May21，1863。4。40PM。
MAJOR—GENERALROSECRANS：
ForcertainreasonsitisthoughtbestforRev。Dr。Jaquessnottocomehere。
Presentmyrespectstohim，andaskhimtowritemefullyonthesubjecthehasincontemplation。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALS。A。HURLBUT。
WASHINGTON，May22，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALHURLBUT，Memphis，Tenn。：
WehavenewshereintheRichmondnewspapersof20thand21st，includingadespatchfromGeneralJoeJohnstonhimself，thatonthe15thor16th——alittleconfusionastotheday——GrantbeatPembertonand[W。W。]LoringnearEdwardsStation，attheendofaninehours’
fight，drivingPembertonovertheBigBlackandcuttingLoringoffanddrivinghimsouthtoCrystalSprings，twenty—fivemilesbelowJackson。JoeJohnstontelegraphedallthis，exceptaboutLoring，fromhiscampbetweenBrownsvilleandLexington，onthe18th。
AnotherdespatchindicatesthatGrantwasmovingagainstJohnstononthe18th。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOANSONSTAGER。
WARDEPARTMENT，WASHINGTON，D。C。，May24，1863。10。40
ANSONSTAGER，Cleveland，O。：
LatelastnightFullertelegraphedyou，asyousay，that\"theStarsandStripesfloatoverVicksburgandthevictoryiscomplete。\"Didheknowwhathesaid，ordidhesayitwithoutknowingit？Yourdespatchofthisafternoonthrowsdoubtuponit。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOCOLONELHAGGARD。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON。May25，1863。
COLONELHAGGARD，Nashville，Tenn。：
YourdespatchtoGreenAdamshasjustbeenshownme。GeneralRosecransknowsbetterthanwecanknowherewhoshouldbeinchargeoftheFifthCavalry。
A。LINCOLN
TELEGRAMTOGENERALBURNSIDE。
WARDEPARTMENT，WASHINGTON，D。C。，May26，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALBURNSIDE，Cincinnati，O。：
YourdespatchaboutCampbell，Lyle，andothersreceivedandpostponementorderedbyyouapproved。Iwillconsiderandtelegraphyouagaininafewdays。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALSCHENCK。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，May27，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALSCHENCK，Baltimore，Md。：
LettheexecutionofWilliamB。Comptonberespitedorsuspendedtillfurtherorderfromme，holdinghiminsafecustodymeanwhile。Onreceivingthisnotifyme。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGOVERNORBUCKINGHAM。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，May27，1863。
GOVERNORBUCKINGHAM，Hartford，Conn。：
TheexecutionofWarrenWhitemarchisherebyrespitedorsuspendeduntilfurtherorderfromme，hetobeheldinsafecustodymeanwhile。
Onreceivingthisnotifyme。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALW。S。ROSECRANS。
WARDEPARTMENT，May27，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALROSECRANS，Murfreesborough，Tenn。：
HaveyouanythingfromGrant？WhereisForrest’sheadquarters？
A。LINCOLN。
TOGENERALSCHOFIELD。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON
May27，1863。
GENERALJOHNM。SCHOFIELD。
MYDEARSIR：——HavingrelievedGeneralCurtisandassignedyoutothecommandoftheDepartmentoftheMissouri，IthinkitmaybeofsomeadvantageformetostatewhyIdidit。IdidnotrelieveGeneralCurtisbecauseofanyfullconvictionthathehaddonewrongbycommissionoromission。IdiditbecauseofaconvictioninmymindthattheUnionmenofMissouri，constituting，whenunited，avastmajorityofthewholepeople，haveenteredintoapestilentfactionalquarrelamongthemselves——GeneralCurtis，perhapsnotofchoice，beingtheheadofonefactionandGovernorGamblethatoftheother。
Aftermonthsoflabortoreconcilethedifficulty，itseemedtogrowworseandworse，untilIfeltitmydutytobreakitupsomehow；andasIcouldnotremoveGovernorGamble，IhadtoremoveGeneralCurtis。Nowthatyouareintheposition，IwishyoutoundonothingmerelybecauseGeneralCurtisorGovernorGambledidit，buttoexerciseyourownjudgment，anddorightforthepublicinterest。
Letyourmilitarymeasuresbestrongenoughtorepeltheinvaderandkeepthepeace，andnotsostrongastounnecessarilyharassandpersecutethepeople。Itisadifficultrole，andsomuchgreaterwillbethehonorifyouperformitwell。Ifbothfactions，orneither，shallabuseyou，youwillprobablybeaboutright。Bewareofbeingassailedbyoneandpraisedbytheother。
Yourstruly，A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALHOOKER。
WASHINGTON，May27，1863。11P。M。
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER：
HaveyouRichmondpapersofthismorning？Ifso，whatnews？
A。LINCOLN。
TOERASTUSCORNING。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，May28，1863。
HON。ERASTUSCORNING，Albany，N。Y。：
Theletterofyourselfandothersdatedthe19thandinclosingtheresolutionsofapublicmeetingheldatAlbanyonthe16th，wasreceivednightbeforelast。Ishallgivetheresolutionstheconsiderationyouask，andshalltrytofindtimeandmakearespectfulresponse。
Yourobedientservant，A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALW。S。ROSECRANS。
WASHINGTON，May28，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALROSECRANS，Murfreesborough，Tenn……
Iwouldnotpushyoutoanyrashness，butIamveryanxiousthatyoudoyourutmost，shortofrashness，tokeepBraggfromgettingofftohelpJohnstonagainstGrant。
A。LINCOLN
TELEGRAMTOGOVERNORJOHNSON。
WASHINGTON，May29，1863。
GOVERNORANDREWJOHNSON，Louisville，Ky。：
GeneralBurnsidehasbeenfrequentlyinformedlatelythatthedivisionunderGeneralGettycannotbespared。Iamsorrytohavetotellyouthis，butitistrue，andcannotbehelped。
A。LINCOLN。
TOJ。K。DUBOISANDOTHERS。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，May29，1863。
MESSRS。JESSEK。DUBOIS，O。M。HATCH，JOHNWILLIAMS，JACOBBUNN，JOHN
BUNN，GEORGER。WEBER，WILLIAMYATES，S。M。CULLOM，CHARLESW。
MATHENY，WILLIAMF。ELKIN，FRANCISSPRINGER，B。A。WATSON，ELIPHALET
HAWLEY，ANDJAMESCAMPBELL。
GENTLEMEN：——Agreeamongyourselvesuponanytwoofyourownnumber——
oneofwhomtobequartermasterandtheothertobecommissarytoserveatSpringfield，Illinois，andsendmetheirnames，andIwillappointthem。
Yourstruly，A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALA。E。BURNSIDE。
WASHINGTON，May29，1863
MAJOR—GENERALBURNSIDE，Cincinnati，O。：
Yourdespatchofto—dayreceived。WhenIshallwishtosupersedeyouIwillletyouknow。AlltheCabinetregrettedthenecessityofarresting，forinstance，Vallandigham，someperhapsdoubtingtherewasarealnecessityforit；but，beingdone，allwereforseeingyouthroughwithit。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOCOLONELLUDLOW。
[Cipher。]
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，June1，1863。
COLONELLUDLOW，FortMonroe：
RichardsonandBrown，correspondentsoftheTribunecapturedatVicksburg，aredetainedatRichmond。Pleaseascertainwhytheyaredetained，andgetthemoffifyoucan。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALHOOKER。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，June2，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER：
ItissaidthatPhilipMargraf，inyourarmy，isundersentencetobeshotonFridaythe5thinstantasadeserter。Ifsopleasesendmeuptherecordofhiscaseatonce。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALU。S。GRANT。
WARDEPARTMENT，June2，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALGRANT，Vicksburg，viaMemphis：
AreyouincommunicationwithGeneralBanks？Ishecomingtowardyouorgoingfartheroff？IsthereorhastherebeenanythingtohinderhiscomingdirectlytoyoubywaterfromAlexandria？
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOMAJOR—GENERALHOOKER。
[Cipher。]
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，June4，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER：
LetexecutionofsentencesinthecasesofDaily，Margraf，andHarringtonberespitedtillfurtherordersfromme，theyremaininginclosecustodymeanwhile。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALBUTTERFIELD。
WARDEPARTMENT，WASHINGTON，D。C。，June4，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALBUTTERFIELD：
ThenewsyousendmefromtheRichmondSentinelofthe3dmustbegreatlyifnotwhollyincorrect。TheThursdaymentionedwasthe28th，andwehavedespatchesheredirectlyfromVicksburgofthe28th，29th，30th，and31st；and，whiletheyspeakofthesiegeprogressing，theyspeakofnoassaultorgeneralfightingwhatever，andinfacttheysospeakastoalmostexcludetheideathattherecanhavebeenanysinceMondaythe25th，whichwasnotveryheavy。
NeitherdotheymentionanydemandmadebyGrantuponPembertonforasurrender。Theyspeakofourtroopsasbeingingoodhealth，condition，andspirits。SomeofthemdosaythatBankshasPortHudsoninvested。
A。LINCOLN。
TOSECRETARYSTANTON。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，June4，1863。
HON。SECRETARYOFWAR。
MYDEARSIR：——Ihavereceivedadditionaldespatches，which，withformerones，inducemetobelieveweshouldrevokeorsuspendtheordersuspendingtheChicagoTimes；andifyouconcurinopinion，pleasehaveitdone。
Yourstruly，A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALHOOKER。
WASHINGTON，D。C。JUNE5，1863
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER：
Yoursofto—daywasreceivedanhourago。SomuchofprofessionalmilitaryskillisrequisitetoansweritthatIhaveturnedthetaskovertoGeneralHalleck。Hepromisestoperformitwithhisutmostcare。IhavebutoneideawhichIthinkworthsuggestingtoyou，andthatis，incaseyoufindLeecomingtothenorthoftheRappahannock，Iwouldbynomeanscrosstothesouthofit。IfheshouldleavearearforceatFredericksburg，temptingyoutofalluponit，itwouldfightinentrenchmentsandhaveyouatadvantage，andso，manforman，worstyouatthatpoint，Whilehismainforcewouldinsomewaybegettinganadvantageofyounorthward。Inoneword，Iwouldnottakeanyriskofbeingentangledupontheriverlikeanoxjumpedhalfoverafenceandliabletobetornbydogsfrontandrearwithoutafairchancetogoreonewayortokicktheother。
IfLeewouldcometomysideoftheriverIwouldkeeponthesamesideandfighthim，oractonthedefensive，accordingasmightbemyestimateofhisstrengthrelativelytomyown。Butthesearemeresuggestions，whichIdesiretobecontrolledbythejudgmentofyourselfandGeneralHalleck。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOMRS。GRIMSLEY。
WASHINGTON，D。C。，June6，1863。
Mrs。ELIZABETHJ。GRIMSLEY，Springfield，Ill。：
IsyourJohnreadytoenterthenavalschool？Ifheis，telegraphmehisfullname。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALDIX，WARDEPARTMENT，WASHINGTON，D。C。，June6，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALDix，FortMonroe，Va。：
BynoticingthenewsyousendfromtheRichmondDispatchofthismorningyouwillseeoneoftheverylatestdespatchessaystheyhavenothingreliablefromVicksburgsinceSunday。NowweherehaveadespatchfromthereSundayandothersofalmosteverydayprecedingsincetheinvestment，andwhiletheyshowthesiegeprogressingtheydonotshowanygeneralfightingsincethe21stand22d。WehavenothingfromPortHudsonlaterthanthe29thwhenthingslookedreasonablywellforus。Ihavethoughtthismightbeofsomeinteresttoyou。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALDIX。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，June8，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALDix，FortMonroe：
WehavedespatchesfromVicksburgofthe3d。Siegeprogressing。Nogeneralfightingrecently。Allwell。NothingnewfromPortHudson。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALDIX。
WARDEPARTMENT，WASHINGTON，D。C。JUNE8，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALDix，FortMonroe：
ThesubstanceofnewssentofthefightingatPortHudsononthe27thwehavehadherethreeorfourdays，andIsupposedyouhaditalso，whenIsaidthismorning，\"NonewsfromPortHudson。\"WeknewthatGeneralShermanwaswounded，butwehopednotsodangerouslyasyourdespatchrepresents。WestillhavenothingofthatRichmondnewspaperstoryofKirbySmithcrossingandofBankslosinganarm。
A。LINCOLN
TELEGRAMTOJ。P。HALE。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，June9，1863。
HON。JOHNP。HALE，Dover，N。H。：
IbelievethatitwasuponyourrecommendationthatB。B。BunkerwasappointedattorneyforNevadaTerritory。Iampressedtoremovehimonthegroundthathedoesnotattendtotheoffice，norinfactpassmuchtimeintheTerritory。Doyouwishtosayanythingonthesubject？
A。LINCOLN
TELEGRAMTOMRS。LINCOLN。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，June9，1863。
MRS。LINCOLN，Philadelphia，Pa。：
Thinkyouhadbetterput\"Tad’s\"pistolaway。Ihadanuglydreamabouthim。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALHOOKER。
WASHINGTON，D。C。June9，1863
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER：
Iamtoldthereare50incendiaryshellshereatthearsenalmadetofitthe100pounderParrottgunnowwithyou。Ifthisbetruewouldyouliketohavetheshellssenttoyou？
A。LINCOLN
TELEGRAMTOGENERALHOOKER。
WASHINGTON，D。C。，June10，1863
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER：
Yourlongdespatchofto—dayisjustreceived。Iflefttome，I
wouldnotgosouthoftheRappahannockuponLee’smovingnorthofit。
IfyouhadRichmondinvestedto—dayyouwouldnotbeabletotakeitintwentydays；meanwhileyourcommunications，andwiththemyourarmy，wouldberuined。IthinkLee’sarmy，andnotRichmond，isyourtrueobjectivepoint。IfhecomestowardstheupperPotomac，followonhisflank，andontheinsidetrack，shorteningyourlineswhilehelengthenshis。Fighthim，too，whenopportunityoffers。Ifhestaywhereheis，frethimandfrethim。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOMRS。LINCOLN。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，June11，1863。
MRS。LINCOLN，Philadelphia：
Yourthreedespatchesreceived。Iamverywellandamgladtoknowthatyouand\"Tad\"areso。
A。LINCOLN。
TELEGRAMTOGENERALHOOKER。
[Cipher。]
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，JUNE12，1863。
MAJOR—GENERALHOOKER：
IfyoucanshowmeatrialoftheincendiaryshellsonSaturdaynight，Iwilltrytojoinyouat5P。M。thatdayAnswer。
A。LINCOLN。
TOERASTUSCORNINGANDOTHERS。
EXECUTIVEMANSION，WASHINGTON，June12，1863。
HON。ERASTUSCORNINGANDOTHERS。
GENTLEMEN：——YourletterofMay19，inclosingtheresolutionsofapublicmeetingheldatAlbany，NewYork，onthe16thofthesamemonth，wasreceivedseveraldaysago。
Theresolutions，asIunderstandthem，areresolvableintotwopropositions——first，theexpressionofapurposetosustainthecauseoftheUnion，tosecurepeacethroughvictory，andtosupporttheadministrationineveryconstitutionalandlawfulmeasuretosuppresstherebellion；and，secondly，adeclarationofcensureupontheadministrationforsupposedunconstitutionalaction，suchasthemakingofmilitaryarrests。Andfromthetwopropositionsathirdisdeduced，whichisthatthegentlemencomposingthemeetingareresolvedondoingtheirparttomaintainourcommongovernmentandcountry，despitethefollyorwickedness，astheymayconceive，ofanyadministration。Thispositioniseminentlypatriotic，andassuchIthankthemeeting，andcongratulatethenationforit。Myownpurposeisthesame；sothatthemeetingandmyselfhaveacommonobject，andcanhavenodifference，exceptinthechoiceofmeansormeasuresforeffectingthatobject。
AndhereIoughttoclosethispaper，andwouldcloseit，iftherewerenoapprehensionthatmoreinjuriousconsequencesthananymerelypersonaltomyselfmightfollowthecensuressystematicallycastuponmefordoingwhat，inmyviewofduty，Icouldnotforbear。Theresolutionspromisetosupportmeineveryconstitutionalandlawfulmeasuretosuppresstherebellion；andIhavenotknowinglyemployed，norshallknowinglyemploy，anyother。Butthemeeting，bytheirresolutions，assertandarguethatcertainmilitaryarrests，andproceedingsfollowingthem，forwhichIamultimatelyresponsible，areunconstitutional。Ithinktheyarenot。TheresolutionsquotefromtheConstitutionthedefinitionoftreason，andalsothelimitingsafeguardsandguaranteesthereinprovidedforthecitizenontrialfortreason，andonhisbeingheldtoanswerforcapitalorotherwiseinfamouscrimes，andincriminalprosecutionshisrighttoaspeedyandpublictrialbyanimpartialjury。Theyproceedtoresolve\"thatthesesafeguardsoftherightsofthecitizenagainstthepretensionsofarbitrarypowerwereintendedmoreespeciallyforhisprotectionintimesofcivilcommotion。\"And，apparentlytodemonstratetheproposition，theresolutionsproceed：\"TheyweresecuredsubstantiallytotheEnglishpeopleafteryearsofprotractedcivilwar，andwereadoptedintoourConstitutionatthecloseoftheRevolution。\"WouldnotthedemonstrationhavebeenbetterifitcouldhavebeentrulysaidthatthesesafeguardshadbeenadoptedandappliedduringthecivilwarsandduringourRevolution，insteadofaftertheoneandatthecloseoftheother？Itooamdevotedlyforthemaftercivilwar，andbeforeCivilwar，andatalltimes，\"exceptwhen，incasesofrebellionorinvasion，thepublicsafetymayrequire\"theirsuspension。Theresolutionsproceedtotellusthatthesesafeguards\"havestoodthetestofseventy—sixyearsoftrialunderourrepublicansystem，undercircumstanceswhichshowthat，whiletheyconstitutethefoundationofallfreegovernment，theyaretheelementsoftheenduringstabilityoftherepublic。\"Noonedeniesthattheyhavesostoodthetestuptothebeginningofthepresentrebellion，ifweexceptacertainoccurrenceatNewOrleanshereaftertobementioned；nordoesanyonequestionthattheywillstandthesametestmuchlongeraftertherebellioncloses。ButtheseprovisionsoftheConstitutionhavenoapplicationtothecasewehaveinhand，becausethearrestscomplainedofwerenotmadefortreason——thatis，notforthetreasondefinedintheConstitution，andupontheconvictionofwhichthepunishmentisdeath——noryetweretheymadetoholdpersonstoanswerforanycapitalorotherwiseinfamouscrimes；norweretheproceedingsfollowing，inanyconstitutionalorlegalsense，\"criminalprosecutions。\"Thearrestsweremadeontotallydifferentgrounds，andtheproceedingsfollowingaccordedwiththegroundsofthearrests。Letusconsidertherealcasewithwhichwearedealing，andapplytoitthepartsoftheConstitutionplainlymadeforsuchcases。
PriortomyinstallationhereithadbeeninculcatedthatanyStatehadalawfulrighttosecedefromthenationalUnion，andthatitwouldbeexpedienttoexercisetherightwheneverthedevoteesofthedoctrineshouldfailtoelectapresidenttotheirownliking。Iwaselectedcontrarytotheirliking；andaccordingly，sofarasitwaslegallypossible，theyhadtakensevenStatesoutoftheUnion，hadseizedmanyoftheUnitedStatesforts，andhadfiredupontheUnitedStatesflag，allbeforeIwasinaugurated，and，ofcourse，beforeI
haddoneanyofficialactwhatever。Therebellionthusbegunsoonranintothepresentcivilwar；and，incertainrespects，itbeganonveryunequaltermsbetweentheparties。Theinsurgentshadbeenpreparingforitmorethanthirtyyears，whilethegovernmenthadtakennostepstoresistthem。Theformerhadcarefullyconsideredallthemeanswhichcouldbeturnedtotheiraccount。Itundoubtedlywasawell—ponderedreliancewiththemthatintheirownunrestrictedefforttodestroyUnion，Constitutionandlaw，alltogether，thegovernmentwould，ingreatdegree，berestrainedbythesameConstitutionandlawfromarrestingtheirprogress。Theirsympathizersinvadedalldepartmentsofthegovernmentandnearlyallcommunitiesofthepeople。Fromthismaterial，undercoverof\"libertyofspeech，\"\"libertyofthepress，\"and\"habeascorpus，\"
theyhopedtokeeponfootamongstusamostefficientcorpsofspies，informers，suppliers，andaidersandabettorsoftheircauseinathousandways。Theyknewthatintimessuchastheywereinaugurating，bytheConstitutionitselfthe\"habeascorpus\"mightbesuspended；buttheyalsoknewtheyhadfriendswhowouldmakeaquestionastowhowastosuspendit；meanwhiletheirspiesandothersmightremainatlargetohelpontheircause。Orif，ashashappened，theExecutiveshouldsuspendthewritwithoutruinouswasteoftime，instancesofarrestinginnocentpersonsmightoccur，asarealwayslikelytooccurinsuchcases；andthenaclamorcouldberaisedinregardtothis，whichmightbeatleastofsomeservicetotheinsurgentcause。Itneedednoverykeenperceptiontodiscoverthispartoftheenemiesprogram，sosoonasbyopenhostilitiestheirmachinerywasfairlyputinmotion。Yet，thoroughlyimbuedwithareverencefortheguaranteedrightsofindividuals，IwasslowtoadoptthestrongmeasureswhichbydegreesIhavebeenforcedtoregardasbeingwithintheexceptionsoftheConstitution，andasindispensabletothepublicsafety。Nothingisbetterknowntohistorythanthatcourtsofjusticeareutterlyincompetenttosuchcases。Civilcourtsareorganizedchieflyfortrialsofindividuals—
—or，atmost，afewindividualsactinginconcert，andthisinquiettimes，andonchargesofcrimeswelldefinedinthelaw。Evenintimesofpeacebandsofhorse—thievesandrobbersfrequentlygrowtoonumerousandpowerfulfortheordinarycourtsofjustice。Butwhatcomparison，innumbershavesuchbandseverbornetotheinsurgentsympathizerseveninmanyoftheloyalStates？Again，ajurytoofrequentlyhasatleastonemembermorereadytohangthepanelthantohangthetraitor。Andyetagain，hewhodissuadesonemanfromvolunteering，orinducesonesoldiertodesert，weakenstheUnioncauseasmuchashewhokillsaUnionsoldierinbattle。Yetthisdissuasionorinducementmaybesoconductedastobenodefinedcrimeofwhichanycivilcourtwouldtakecognizance。
Oursisacaseofrebellion——socalledbytheresolutionsbeforeme——
infact，aclear，flagrant，andgiganticcaseofrebellion；andtheprovisionoftheConstitutionthat\"theprivilegeofthewritofhabeascorpusshallnotbesuspendedunlesswhen，incasesofrebellionorinvasion，thepublicsafetymayrequireit，\"istheprovisionwhichspeciallyappliestoourpresentcase。ThisprovisionplainlyatteststheunderstandingofthosewhomadetheConstitutionthatordinarycourtsofjusticeareinadequateto\"casesofrebellion\"——atteststheirpurposethat，insuchcases，menmaybeheldincustodywhomthecourts，actingonordinaryrules，woulddischarge。Habeascorpusdoesnotdischargemenwhoareprovedtobeguiltyofdefinedcrime，anditssuspensionisallowedbytheConstitutiononpurposethatmenmaybearrestedandheldwhocannotbeprovedtobeguiltyofdefinedcrime，\"when，incasesofrebellionorinvasion，thepublicsafetymayrequireit。\"
Thisispreciselyourpresentcase——acaseofrebellionwhereinthepublicsafetydoesrequirethesuspension——Indeed，arrestsbyprocessofcourtsandarrestsincasesofrebelliondonotproceedaltogetheruponthesamebasis。Theformerisdirectedatthesmallpercentageofordinaryandcontinuousperpetrationofcrime，whilethelatterisdirectedatsuddenandextensiveuprisingsagainstthegovernment，which，atmost，willsucceedorfailinnogreatlengthoftime。Inthelattercasearrestsaremadenotsomuchforwhathasbeendoneasforwhatprobablywouldbedone。Thelatterismoreforthepreventiveandlessforthevindictivethantheformer。Insuchcasesthepurposesofmenaremuchmoreeasilyunderstoodthanincasesofordinarycrime。Themanwhostandsbyandsaysnothingwhentheperilofhisgovernmentisdiscussed，cannotbemisunderstood。
Ifnothindered，heissuretohelptheenemy；muchmoreifhetalksambiguously——talksforhiscountrywith\"buts，\"and\"ifs，\"and\"ands。\"OfhowlittlevaluetheconstitutionalprovisionIhavequotedwillberenderedifarrestsshallneverbemadeuntildefinedcrimesshallhavebeencommitted，maybeillustratedbyafewnotableexamples：GeneralJohnC。Breckinridge，GeneralRobertE。Lee，GeneralJosephE。Johnston，GeneralJohnB。Magruder，GeneralWilliamB。Preston，GeneralSimonB。Buckner，andCommodoreFranklinBuchanan，nowoccupyingtheveryhighestplacesintherebelwarservice，wereallwithinthepowerofthegovernmentsincetherebellionbegan，andwerenearlyaswellknowntobetraitorsthenasnow。Unquestionablyifwehadseizedandhadthemtheinsurgentcausewouldbemuchweaker。Butnooneofthemhadthencommittedanycrimedefinedinthelaw。Everyoneofthem，ifarrested，wouldhavebeendischargedonhabeascorpuswerethewritallowedtooperate。Inviewoftheseandsimilarcases，IthinkthetimenotunlikelytocomewhenIshallbeblamedforhavingmadetoofewarrestsratherthantoomany。
Bythethirdresolutionthemeetingindicatetheiropinionthatmilitaryarrestsmaybeconstitutionalinlocalitieswhererebellionactuallyexists，butthatsucharrestsareunconstitutionalinlocalitieswhererebellionorinsurrectiondoesnotactuallyexist。
Theyinsistthatsucharrestsshallnotbemade\"outsideofthelinesofnecessarymilitaryoccupationandthescenesofinsurrection。\"
Inasmuch，however，astheConstitutionitselfmakesnosuchdistinction，Iamunabletobelievethatthereisanysuchconstitutionaldistinction。Iconcedethattheclassofarrestscomplainedofcanbeconstitutionalonlywhen，incasesofrebellionorinvasion，thepublicsafetymayrequirethem；andIinsistthatinsuchcases——theyareconstitutionalwhereverthepublicsafetydoesrequirethem，aswellinplacestowhichtheymaypreventtherebellionextending，asinthosewhereitmaybealreadyprevailing；
aswellwheretheymayrestrainmischievousinterferencewiththeraisingandsupplyingofarmiestosuppresstherebellionaswheretherebellionmayactuallybe；aswellwheretheymayrestraintheenticingmenoutofthearmyaswheretheywouldpreventmutinyinthearmy；equallyconstitutionalatallplaceswheretheywillconducetothepublicsafetyasagainstthedangersofrebellionorinvasion。Taketheparticularcasementionedbythemeeting。ItisassertedinsubstancethatMr。Vallandighamwas，byamilitarycommander，seizedandtried\"fornootherreasonthanwordsaddressedtoapublicmeetingincriticismofthecourseoftheadministration，andincondemnationofthemilitaryordersofthegeneral。\"Now，iftherebenomistakeaboutthis，ifthisassertionisthetruth，andthewholetruth，iftherewerenootherreasonforthearrest，thenI
concedethatthearrestwaswrong。Butthearrest，asIunderstand，wasmadeforaverydifferentreason。Mr。VallandighamavowshishostilitytothewaronthepartoftheUnion；andhisarrestwasmadebecausehewaslaboring，withsomeeffect，topreventtheraisingoftroops，toencouragedesertionsfromthearmy，andtoleavetherebellionwithoutanadequatemilitaryforcetosuppressit。Hewasnotarrestedbecausehewasdamagingthepoliticalprospectsoftheadministrationorthepersonalinterestsofthecommandinggeneral，butbecausehewasdamagingthearmy，upontheexistenceandvigorofwhichthelifeofthenationdepends。Hewaswarringuponthemilitary，andthusgavethemilitaryconstitutionaljurisdictiontolayhandsuponhim。IfMr。Vallandighamwasnotdamagingthemilitarypowerofthecountry，thenhisarrestwasmadeonmistakeoffact，whichIwouldbegladtocorrectonreasonablysatisfactoryevidence。
IunderstandthemeetingwhoseresolutionsIamconsideringtobeinfavorofsuppressingtherebellionbymilitaryforce——byarmies。
Longexperiencehasshownthatarmiescannotbemaintainedunlessdesertionshallbepunishedbytheseverepenaltyofdeath。Thecaserequires，andthelawandtheConstitutionsanction，thispunishment。
MustIshootasimple—mindedsoldierboywhodesertswhileImustnottouchahairofawilyagitatorwhoinducedhimtodesert。Thisisnonethelessinjuriouswheneffectedbygettingafather，orbrother，orfriendintoapublicmeeting，andthereworkinguponhisfeelingstillheispersuadedtowritethesoldierboythatheisfightinginabadcause，forawickedadministrationofacontemptiblegovernment，tooweaktoarrestandpunishhimifheshalldesert。Ithinkthat，insuchacase，tosilencetheagitatorandsavetheboyisnotonlyconstitutional，butwithalagreatmercy。
IfIbewrongonthisquestionofconstitutionalpower，myerrorliesinbelievingthatcertainproceedingsareconstitutionalwhen，incasesofrebellionorinvasion，thepublicsafetyrequiresthem，whichwouldnotbeconstitutionalwhen，inabsenceofrebellionorinvasion，thepublicsafetydoesnotrequirethem：inotherwords，thattheConstitutionisnotinitsapplicationinallrespectsthesameincasesofrebellionorinvasioninvolvingthepublicsafetyasitisintimesofprofoundpeaceandpublicsecurity。TheConstitutionitselfmakesthedistinction，andIcannomorebepersuadedthatthegovernmentcanconstitutionallytakenostrongmeasuresintimeofrebellion，becauseitcanbeshownthatthesamecouldnotbelawfullytakenintimesofpeace，thanIcanbepersuadedthataparticulardrugisnotgoodmedicineforasickmanbecauseitcanbeshowntonotbegoodfoodforawellone。NoramI
abletoappreciatethedangerapprehendedbythemeeting，thattheAmericanpeoplewillbymeansofmilitaryarrestsduringtherebellionlosetherightofpublicdiscussion，thelibertyofspeechandthepress，thelawofevidence，trialbyjury，andhabeascorpusthroughouttheindefinitepeacefulfuturewhichItrustliesbeforethem，anymorethanIamabletobelievethatamancouldcontractsostronganappetiteforemeticsduringtemporaryillnessastopersistinfeedinguponthemduringtheremainderofhishealthfullife。
Ingivingtheresolutionsthatearnestconsiderationwhichyourequestofme，Icannotoverlookthefactthatthemeetingspeakas\"Democrats。\"NorcanI，withfullrespectfortheirknownintelligence，andthefairlypresumeddeliberationwithwhichtheypreparedtheirresolutions，bepermittedtosupposethatthisoccurredbyaccident，orinanywayotherthanthattheypreferredtodesignatethemselves\"Democrats\"ratherthan\"Americancitizens。\"InthistimeofnationalperilIwouldhavepreferredtomeetyouuponalevelonestephigherthananypartyplatform，becauseIamsurethatfromsuchmoreelevatedpositionwecoulddobetterbattleforthecountrywealllovethanwepossiblycanfromthoseloweroneswhere，fromtheforceofhabit，theprejudicesofthepast，andselfishhopesofthefuture，wearesuretoexpendmuchofouringenuityandstrengthinfindingfaultwithandaimingblowsateachother。ButsinceyouhavedeniedmethisIwillyetbethankfulforthecountry’ssakethatnotallDemocratshavedoneso。HeonwhosediscretionaryjudgmentMr。VallandighamwasarrestedandtriedisaDemocrat，havingnooldpartyaffinitywithme，andthejudgewhorejectedtheconstitutionalviewexpressedintheseresolutions，byrefusingtodischargeMr。VallandighamonhabeascorpusisaDemocratofbetterdaysthanthese，havingreceivedhisjudicialmantleatthehandsofPresidentJackson。Andstillmore：ofallthoseDemocratswhoarenoblyexposingtheirlivesandsheddingtheirbloodonthebattle—field，IhavelearnedthatmanyapprovethecoursetakenwithMr。Vallandigham，whileIhavenotheardofasingleonecondemningit。Icannotassertthattherearenonesuch。AndthenameofPresidentJacksonrecallsaninstanceofpertinenthistory。AfterthebattleofNewOrleans，andwhilethefactthatthetreatyofpeacehadbeenconcludedwaswellknowninthecity，butbeforeofficialknowledgeofithadarrived，GeneralJacksonstillmaintainedmartialormilitarylaw。Nowthatitcouldbesaidthatthewarwasover，theclamoragainstmartiallaw，whichhadexistedfromthefirst，grewmorefurious。Amongotherthings，aMr。
Louaillierpublishedadenunciatorynewspaperarticle。GeneralJacksonarrestedhim。AlawyerbythenameofMorelprocuredtheUnitedStatesJudgeHalltoorderawritofhabeascorpustoreleaseMr。Louaillier。GeneralJacksonarrestedboththelawyerandthejudge。AMr。Hollanderventuredtosayofsomepartofthematterthat\"itwasadirtytrick。\"GeneralJacksonarrestedhim。Whentheofficerundertooktoservethewritofhabeascorpus，GeneralJacksontookitfromhim，andsenthimawaywithacopy。Holdingthejudgeincustodyafewdays，thegeneralsenthimbeyondthelimitsofhisencampment，andsethimatlibertywithanordertoremaintilltheratificationofpeaceshouldberegularlyannounced，oruntiltheBritishshouldhaveleftthesoutherncoast。Adayortwomoreelapsed，theratificationofthetreatyofpeacewasregularlyannounced，andthejudgeandotherswerefullyliberated。Afewdaysmore，andthejudgecalledGeneralJacksonintocourtandfinedhim$1000forhavingarrestedhimandtheothersnamed。TheGeneralpaidthefine，andthenthematterrestedfornearlythirtyyears，whenCongressrefundedprincipalandinterest。ThelateSenatorDouglas，thenintheHouseofRepresentatives，tookaleadingpartinthedebates，inwhichtheconstitutionalquestionwasmuchdiscussed。
Iamnotpreparedtosaywhomthejournalswouldshowtohavevotedforthemeasure。