ByDrDavidLivingstoneMissionaryTravelsandResearchesinSouthAfrica。
Alsocalled，TravelsandResearchesinSouthAfrica；
or，JourneysandResearchesinSouthAfrica。
MissionaryTravelsandResearchesinSouthAfrica；
IncludingaSketchofSixteenYears’ResidenceintheInteriorofAfrica，andaJourneyfromtheCapeofGoodHopetoLoandaontheWestCoast；
ThenceAcrosstheContinent，DowntheRiverZambesi，totheEasternOcean。
ByDavidLivingstone，LL。D。，D。C。L。，FellowoftheFacultyofPhysiciansandSurgeons，Glasgow；
CorrespondingMemberoftheGeographicalandStatisticalSocietyofNewYork；
GoldMedalistandCorrespondingMemberoftheRoyalGeographicalSocietiesofLondonandParisF。S。A。，Etc。，Etc。
Dedication。
ToSIRRODERICKIMPEYMURCHISON，PresidentRoyalGeographicalSociety，F。R。S。，，CorrInstofFrance，andMemberoftheAcademiesofStPetersburg，Berlin，Stockholm，Copenhagen，Brussels，Etc。，ThisWorkisaffectionatelyofferedasaTokenofGratitudeforthekindinteresthehasalwaystakenintheAuthor’spursuitsandwelfare；
andtoexpressadmirationofhiseminentscientificattainments，nowheremorestronglyevidencedthanbythestrikinghypothesisrespectingthephysicalconformationoftheAfricancontinent，promulgatedinhisPresidentialAddresstotheRoyalGeographicSocietyin1852，andverifiedthreeyearsafterwardbytheAuthoroftheseTravels。
WhenhonoredwithaspecialmeetingofwelcomebytheRoyalGeographicalSocietyafewdaysaftermyarrivalinLondoninDecemberlast，SirRoderickMurchison，thePresident，invitedmetogivetheworldanarrativeofmytravels；andatasimilarmeetingoftheDirectorsoftheLondonMissionarySocietyIpubliclystatedmyintentionofsendingabooktothepress，insteadofmakingmanyofthosepublicappearanceswhichwereurgeduponmeThepreparationofthisnarrative*hastakenmuchlongertimethan，frommyinexperienceinauthorship，Ihadanticipated。
*Severalattemptshavingbeenmadetoimposeuponthepublic，asmine，spuriousnarrativesofmytravels，Ibegtotendermythankstotheeditorsofthe`Times’andofthe`Athenaeum’foraidingtoexposethem，andtothebooksellersofLondonforrefusingtoSUBSCRIBE
foranycopies。
Greatersmoothnessofdictionandasavingoftimemighthavebeensecuredbytheemploymentofapersonaccustomedtocompilation；
butmyjournalshavingbeenkeptformyownprivatepurposes，nooneelsecouldhavemadeuseofthem，orhaveenteredwithintelligenceintothecircumstancesinwhichIwasplacedinAfrica，farfromanyEuropeancompanionThosewhohavenevercarriedabookthroughthepresscanformnoideaoftheamountoftoilitinvolves。
Theprocesshasincreasedmyrespectforauthorsandauthoressesathousand-fold。
Icannotrefrainfromreferring，withsentimentsofadmirationandgratitude，tomyfriendThomasMaclear，Esq。，theaccomplishedAstronomerRoyalattheCapeIshallneverceasetorememberhisinstructionsandhelpwithrealgratitudeTheintercourseIhadtheprivilegetoenjoyattheObservatoryenabledmetoformanideaofthealmostinfinitevarietyofacquirementsnecessarytoformatrueandgreatastronomer，andIwasledtotheconvictionthatitwillbelongbeforetheworldbecomesoverstockedwithaccomplishedmembersofthatprofession。
Letthembealwayshonoredaccordingtotheirdeserts；
andlongmayMaclear，Herschel，Airy，andotherslivetomakeknownthewondersandgloryofcreation，andtoaidinrenderingthepathwayoftheworldsafetomariners，andthedarkplacesoftheearthopentoChristians！
IbegtooffermyheartythankstomyfriendSirRoderickMurchison，andalsotoDrNortonShaw，thesecretaryoftheRoyalGeographicalSociety，foraidingmyresearchesbyeverymeansintheirpower。
HisfaithfulmajestyDonPedroV。，havingkindlysentoutorderstosupportmylatecompanionsuntilmyreturn，relievedmymindofanxietyontheiraccountButforthisactofliberality，IshouldcertainlyhavebeencompelledtoleaveEnglandinMaylast；andithasaffordedmethepleasureoftravelingover，inimagination，everysceneagain，andrecallingthefeelingswhichactuatedmeatthetime。
IhavemuchpleasureinacknowledgingmydeepobligationstothehospitalityandkindnessofthePortugueseonmanyoccasions。
Ihavenotenteredintotheearlylabors，trials，andsuccessesofthemissionarieswhoprecededmeintheBechuanacountry，becausethathasbeendonebythemuchablerpenofmyfather-in-law，RevRobertMoffat，ofKuruman，whohasbeenanenergeticanddevotedactorinthesceneforupwardoffortyyearsAslightsketchonlyisgivenofmyownattempts，andthechiefpartofthebookistakenupwithadetailoftheeffortsmadetoopenupanewfieldnorthoftheBechuanacountrytothesympathiesofChristendom。
TheprospectstheredisclosedarefairerthanIanticipated，andthecapabilitiesofthenewregionleadmetohopethatbytheproductionoftherawmaterialsofourmanufactures，AfricanandEnglishinterestswillbecomemorecloselylinkedthanheretofore，thatbothcountrieswillbeeventuallybenefited，andthatthecauseoffreedomthroughouttheworldwillinsomemeasurebepromoted。
DrHooker，ofKew，hashadthekindnesstonameandclassifyforme，asfaraspossible，someofthenewbotanicalspecimenswhichIbroughtover；
DrAndrewSmithhimselfanAfricantravelerhasaidedmeinthezoology；
andCaptainNeedhaslaidopenformyusehisportfolioofAfricansketches，forallwhichactsofliberalitymythanksaredeservedlydue，aswellastomybrother，whohasrenderedmewillingaidasanamanuensis。
AlthoughIcannotprofesstobeadraughtsman，Ibroughthomewithmeafewroughdiagram-sketches，fromoneofwhichtheviewoftheFallsoftheZambesihasbeenpreparedbyamoreexperiencedartist。
October，1857。
MissionaryTravelsandResearchesinSouthAfrica。
Introduction。
PersonalSketchHighlandAncestorsFamilyTraditions
GrandfatherremovestotheLowlandsParentsEarlyLaborsandEffortsEveningSchoolLoveofReadingReligiousImpressions
MedicalEducationYouthfulTravelsGeologyMentalDiscipline
StudyinGlasgowLondonMissionarySocietyNativeVillage
MedicalDiplomaTheologicalStudiesDepartureforAfrica
NoClaimtoLiteraryAccomplishments。
Myowninclinationwouldleadmetosayaslittleaspossibleaboutmyself；
butseveralfriends，inwhosejudgmentIhaveconfidence，havesuggestedthat，asthereaderlikestoknowsomethingabouttheauthor，ashortaccountofhisoriginandearlylifewouldlendadditionalinteresttothisbookSuchismyexcuseforthefollowingegotism；
and，ifanapologybenecessaryforgivingagenealogy，Ifinditinthefactthatitisnotverylong，andcontainsonlyoneincidentofwhichIhavereasontobeproud。
Ourgreat-grandfatherfellatthebattleofCulloden，fightingfortheoldlineofkings；andourgrandfatherwasasmallfarmerinUlva，wheremyfatherwasbornItisoneofthatclusteroftheHebridesthusalludedtobyWalterScott：
“AndUlvadark，andColonsay，AndallthegroupofisletsgayThatguardfamedStaffaround。”*
*LordoftheIsles，canto4。
Ourgrandfatherwasintimatelyacquaintedwithallthetraditionarylegendswhichthatgreatwriterhassincemadeuseofinthe“TalesofaGrandfather“
andotherworksAsaboyIrememberlisteningtohimwithdelight，forhismemorywasstoredwithanever-endingstockofstories，manyofwhichwerewonderfullylikethoseIhavesinceheardwhilesittingbytheAfricaneveningfiresOurgrandmother，too，usedtosingGaelicsongs，someofwhich，asshebelieved，hadbeencomposedbycaptiveislanderslanguishinghopelesslyamongtheTurks。
Grandfathercouldgiveparticularsofthelivesofhisancestorsforsixgenerationsofthefamilybeforehim；andtheonlypointofthetraditionIfeelproudofisthis：Oneofthesepoorhardyislanderswasrenownedinthedistrictforgreatwisdomandprudence；
anditisrelatedthat，whenhewasonhisdeath-bed，hecalledallhischildrenaroundhimandsaid，“Now，inmylifetime，IhavesearchedmostcarefullythroughallthetraditionsIcouldfindofourfamily，andInevercoulddiscoverthattherewasadishonestmanamongourforefathersIf，therefore，anyofyouoranyofyourchildrenshouldtaketodishonestways，itwillnotbebecauseitrunsinourblood：itdoesnotbelongtoyou。
Ileavethispreceptwithyou：Behonest。”If，therefore，inthefollowingpagesIfallintoanyerrors，Ihopetheywillbedealtwithashonestmistakes，andnotasindicatingthatIhaveforgottenourancientmottoThiseventtookplaceatatimewhentheHighlanders，accordingtoMacaulay，weremuchliketheCapeCaffres，andanyone，itwassaid，couldescapepunishmentforcattle-stealingbypresentingashareoftheplundertohischieftain。
OurancestorswereRomanCatholics；theyweremadeProtestantsbythelairdcomingroundwithamanhavingayellowstaff，whichwouldseemtohaveattractedmoreattentionthanhisteaching，forthenewreligionwentlongafterward，perhapsitdoessostill，bythenameof“thereligionoftheyellowstick“。
FindinghisfarminUlvainsufficienttosupportanumerousfamily，mygrandfatherremovedtoBlantyreWorks，alargecottonmanufactoryonthebeautifulClyde，aboveGlasgow；andhissons，havinghadthebesteducationtheHebridesafforded，weregladlyreceivedasclerksbytheproprietors，MonteithandCo。
Hehimself，highlyesteemedforhisunflinchinghonesty，wasemployedintheconveyanceoflargesumsofmoneyfromGlasgowtotheworks，andinoldagewas，accordingtothecustomofthatcompany，pensionedoff，soastospendhisdecliningyearsineaseandcomfort。
Ourunclesallenteredhismajesty’sserviceduringthelastFrenchwar，eitherassoldiersorsailors；butmyfatherremainedathome，and，thoughtooconscientiousevertobecomerichasasmalltea-dealer，byhiskindlinessofmannerandwinningwayshemadetheheart-stringsofhischildrentwinearoundhimasfirmlyasifhehadpossessed，andcouldhavebestoweduponthem，everyworldlyadvantage。
HerearedhischildreninconnectionwiththeKirkofScotland
areligiousestablishmentwhichhasbeenanincalculableblessingtothatcountrybutheafterwardleftit，andduringthelasttwentyyearsofhislifeheldtheofficeofdeaconofanindependentchurchinHamilton，anddeservedmylastinggratitudeandhomageforpresentingme，frommyinfancy，withacontinuouslyconsistentpiousexample，suchasthatidealofwhichissobeautifullyandtruthfullyportrayedinBurns’s“Cottar’sSaturdayNight“HediedinFebruary，1856，inpeacefulhopeofthatmercywhichweallexpectthroughthedeathofourLordandSaviorIwasatthetimeonmywaybelowZumbo，expectingnogreaterpleasureinthiscountrythansittingbyourcottagefireandtellinghimmytravelsIreverehismemory。
TheearliestrecollectionofmymotherrecallsapicturesooftenseenamongtheScottishpoorthatoftheanxioushousewifestrivingtomakebothendsmeetAttheageoftenIwasputintothefactoryasa“piecer“，toaidbymyearningsinlesseningheranxietyWithapartofmyfirstweek’swagesIpurchasedRuddiman’s“RudimentsofLatin“，andpursuedthestudyofthatlanguageformanyyearsafterward，withunabatedardor，ataneveningschool，whichmetbetweenthehoursofeightandtenThedictionarypartofmylaborswasfolloweduptilltwelveo’clock，orlater，ifmymotherdidnotinterferebyjumpingupandsnatchingthebooksoutofmyhandsIhadtobebackinthefactorybysixinthemorning，andcontinuemywork，withintervalsforbreakfastanddinner，tilleighto’clockatnight。
Ireadinthiswaymanyoftheclassicalauthors，andknewVirgilandHoracebetteratsixteenthanIdonowOurschoolmasterhappilystillalive
wassupportedinpartbythecompany；hewasattentiveandkind，andsomoderateinhischargesthatallwhowishedforeducationmighthaveobtaineditManyavailedthemselvesoftheprivilege；
andsomeofmyschoolfellowsnowrankinpositionsfarabovewhattheyappearedeverlikelytocometowheninthevillageschool。
IfsuchasystemwereestablishedinEngland，itwouldproveanever-endingblessingtothepoor。
Inreading，everythingthatIcouldlaymyhandsonwasdevouredexceptnovelsScientificworksandbooksoftravelsweremyespecialdelight；thoughmyfather，believing，withmanyofhistimewhooughttohaveknownbetter，thattheformerwereinimicaltoreligion，wouldhavepreferredtohaveseenmeporingoverthe“CloudofWitnesses“，orBoston’s“FourfoldState“。
Ourdifferenceofopinionreachedthepointofopenrebelliononmypart，andhislastapplicationoftherodwasonmyrefusaltoperuseWilberforce’s“PracticalChristianity“Thisdisliketodrydoctrinalreading，andtoreligiousreadingofeverysort，continuedforyearsafterward；
buthavinglightedonthoseadmirableworksofDrThomasDick，“ThePhilosophyofReligion“and“ThePhilosophyofaFutureState“，itwasgratifyingtofindmyownideas，thatreligionandsciencearenothostile，butfriendlytoeachother，fullyprovedandenforced。
GreatpainshadbeentakenbymyparentstoinstillthedoctrinesofChristianityintomymind，andIhadnodifficultyinunderstandingthetheoryofourfreesalvationbytheatonementofourSavior，butitwasonlyaboutthistimethatIreallybegantofeelthenecessityandvalueofapersonalapplicationoftheprovisionsofthatatonementtomyowncase。