Thereisoftenmuchgoodinthetypeofboss，especiallycommoninbigcities，whofulfillstowardsthepeopleofhisdistrictinroughandreadyfashionthepositionoffriendandprotector。Heuseshisinfluencetogetjobsforyoungmenwhoneedthem。Hegoesintocourtforawildyoungfellowwhohasgottenintotrouble。Hehelpsoutwithcashorcreditthewidowwhoisinstraits，orthebreadwinnerwhoiscrippledorforsomeothercausetemporarilyoutofwork。Heorganizesclambakesandchowderpartiesandpicnics，andisconsultedbythelocallaborleaderswhenacutinwagesisthreatened。Forsomeofhisconstituentshedoesproperfavors，andforotherswhollyimproperfavors；buthepreserveshumanrelationswithall。Hemaybeaverybadandverycorruptman，amanwhoseactioninblackmailingandprotectingviceisoffar-reachingdamagetohisconstituents。Buttheseconstituentsareforthemostpartmenandwomenwhostrugglehardagainstpovertyandwithwhomtheproblemoflivingisveryrealandveryclose。Theywouldprefercleanandhonestgovernment，ifthiscleanandhonestgovernmentisaccompaniedbyhumansympathy，humanunderstanding。Butanappealmadetothemforvirtueintheabstract，anappealmadebygoodmenwhodonotreallyunderstandtheirneeds，willoftenpassquiteunheeded，ifontheothersidestandstheboss，thefriendandbenefactor，whomayhavebeenguiltyofmuchwrong-
doinginthingsthattheyarehardlyawareconcernthem，butwhoappealstothem，notonlyforthesakeoffavorstocome，butinthenameofgratitudeandloyalty，andaboveallofunderstandingandfellow-feeling。Theyhaveafeelingofclan-loyaltytohim；hisandtheirrelationsmaybesubstantiallythosewhicharerightandproperamongprimitivepeoplestillintheclanstageofmoraldevelopment。
Thesuccessfulfightagainstthistypeofviciousboss，andthetypeofviciouspoliticswhichproducesit，canbemadeonlybymenwhohaveagenuinefellow-feelingforandunderstandingofthepeopleforandwithwhomtheyaretowork，andwhoinpracticalfashionseektheirsocialandindustrialbenefit。
Therearecommunitiesofpoormen，whoselivesarehard，inwhichtheboss，thoughhewouldbeoutofplaceinamoreadvancedcommunity，iffundamentallyanhonestman，meetsarealneedwhichwouldotherwisenotbemet。Becauseofhislimitationsinotherthanpurelylocalmattersitmaybeourdutytofightsuchaboss；butitmayalsobeourdutytorecognize，withinhislimitations，bothhissincerityandhisusefulness。
Yetagaineventhebosswhoreallyisevil，likethebusinessmanwhoreallyisevil，mayoncertainpointsbesound，andbedoinggoodwork。Itmaybethehighestdutyofthepatrioticpublicservanttoworkwiththebigbossorthebigbusinessmanonthesepoints，whilerefusingtoworkwithhimonothers。Inthesamewaytherearemanyself-styledreformerswhoseconductissuchastowarrantTomReed’sbitterremark，thatwhenDr。Johnsondefinedpatriotismasthelastrefugeofascoundrelhewasignorantoftheinfinitepossibilitiescontainedinthewordreform。Yet，nonetheless，itisourdutytoworkforthereformsthesemenchampion，withoutregardtothemisconductofthementhemselvesonotherpoints。Ihaveknowninmylifemanybigbusinessmenandmanybigpoliticalbosseswhooftenorevengenerallydidevil，butwhoonsomeoccasionsandoncertainissueswereright。Ineverhesitatedtodobattleagainstthesemenwhentheywerewrong；and，ontheotherhand，aslongastheyweregoingmywayIwasgladtohavethemdoso。Tohaverepudiatedtheiraidwhentheywererightandwerestrivingforarightend，andforwhatwasofbenefittothepeople——nomatterwhattheirmotivesmayhavebeen——wouldhavebeenchildish，andmoreoverwouldhaveitselfbeenmisconductagainstthepeople。
Mydutywastostandwitheveryonewhilehewasright，andtostandagainsthimwhenhewentwrong；andthisIhavetriedtodoasregardsindividualsandasregardsgroupsofindividuals。Whenabusinessmanorlaborleader，politicianorreformer，isright，Isupporthim；whenhegoeswrong，Ileavehim。WhenMr。LorimerupheldthewarfortheliberationofCuba，Isupportedhim；whenhebecameUnitedStatesSenatorbyimpropermethods，Iopposedhim。TheprinciplesormethodswhichtheSocialistsadvocateandwhichIbelievetobeintheinterestofthepeopleIsupport，andthosewhichIbelievetobeagainsttheinterestofthepeopleIoppose。Moreover，whenamanhasdoneevil，butchanges，andworksfordecencyandrighteousness，andwhen，asfarasIcansee，thechangeisrealandtheman’sconductsincere，thenIwelcomehimandworkheartilywithhim，asanequalwithanequal。ForthirtyyearsaftertheCivilWarthecreedofmerematerialismwasrampantinbothAmericanpoliticsandAmericanbusiness，andmany，manystrongmen，inaccordancewiththeprevailingcommercialandpoliticalmorality，didthingsforwhichtheydeserveblameandcondemnation；butiftheynowsincerelychange，andstriveforbetterthings，itisunwiseandunjusttobarthemfromfellowship。Solongastheyworkforevil，smitethemwiththeswordoftheLordandofGideon！Whentheychangeandshowtheirfaithbytheirworks，rememberthewordsofEzekiel：“Ifthewickedwillturnfromallthesinshehascommitted，andkeepallmystatutes，anddothatwhichislawfulandright，heshallsurelylive，heshallnotdie。Allhistransgressionsthathehathcommitted，theyshallnotbementioneduntohim：inhisrighteousnessthathehathdoneheshalllive。HaveIanypleasureatallthatthewickedshoulddie？saiththeLordGod；andnotthatheshouldreturnfromhiswaysandlive？”
Everymanwhohasbeeninpracticalpoliticsgrowstorealizethatpoliticians，bigandlittle，arenomoreallofthembadthantheyareallofthemgood。Manyofthesemenareverybadmenindeed，butthereareothersamongthem——andsomeamongthosehelduptospecialobloquy，too——who，evenalthoughtheymayhavedonemuchthatisevil，alsoshowtraitsofsterlingworthwhichmanyoftheircriticswhollylack。TherearefewmenforwhomIhaveeverfeltamorecordialandcontemptuousdislikethanforsomeofthebossesandbigprofessionalpoliticianswithwhomIhavebeenbroughtintocontact。Ontheotherhand，inthecaseofsomepoliticalleaderswhoweremostbitterlyattackedasbosses，Igrewtoknowcertainsidesoftheircharacterswhichinspiredinmeaverygenuineregardandrespect。
ToreadmuchoftheassaultonSenatorHanna，onewouldhavethoughtthathewasamanincapableofpatriotismoroffar-sighteddevotiontothecountry’sgood。Iwasbroughtintointimatecontactwithhimonlyduringthetwoandahalfyearsimmediatelyprecedinghisdeath。
IwasthenPresident，andperforcewatchedallhisactionsatcloserange。Duringthattimeheshowedhimselftobeamanofruggedsincerityofpurpose，ofgreatcourageandloyalty，andofunswervingdevotiontotheinterestsoftheNationandthepeopleashesawthoseinterests。Hewasassincerelydesirousofhelpinglaboringmenasofhelpingcapitalists。Hisidealswereinmanywaysnotmyideals，andtherewerepointswherebothbytemperamentandbyconvictionwewerefarapart。Beforethistimehehadalwaysbeenunfriendlytome；andI
donotthinkheevergrewtolikeme，atanyratenotuntiltheveryendofhislife。Moreover，IcametothePresidencyundercircumstanceswhich，ifhehadbeenasmallerman，wouldinevitablyhavethrownhimintoviolentantagonismtome。HewasthecloseandintimatefriendofPresidentMcKinley。HewasMcKinley’sdevotedallyandfollower，andhistrustedadviser，whowasincompletesympathywithhim。Partlybecauseofthisfriendship，hispositionintheSenateandinthecountrywasunique。
WithMcKinley’ssuddendeathSenatorHannafoundhimselfbereftofhisdearestfriend，whileI，whohadjustcometothePresidency，wasinhisviewanuntriedman，whosetrustworthinessonmanypublicquestionswasatleastdoubtful。Ordinarily，ashasbeenshown，notonlyinourhistory，butinthehistoryofallothercountries，incountlessinstances，overandoveragain，thissituationwouldhavemeantsuspicion，illwill，and，atthelast，openandviolentantagonism。Suchwasnottheresult，inthiscase，primarilybecauseSenatorHannahadinhimthequalitythatenabledhimtomeetaseriouscrisiswithdignity，withpower，andwithdisinteresteddesiretoworkforthecommongood。Withinafewdaysofmyaccessionhecalledonme，andwithentirefriendlinessandobvioussincerity，butalsowithentireself-respect，explainedthathemournedMcKinleyasprobablynoothermandid；thathehadnotbeenespeciallymyfriend，butthathewishedmetounderstandthatthenceforward，oneveryquestionwherehecouldconscientiouslysupportme，Icouldcountuponhisgivingmeasloyalaidasitwasinhispowertorender。Headdedthatthismustnotbeunderstoodascommittinghimtofavormefornominationandelection，becausethatmattermustbelefttotakecareofitselfaseventsshoulddecide；butthat，asidefromthis，whathesaidwastobetakenliterally；inotherwords，hewoulddohisbesttomakemyAdministrationasuccessbysupportingmeheartilyoneverypointonwhichheconscientiouslycould，andthatthisIcouldcountupon。Hekepthiswordabsolutely。Heneverbecameespeciallyfavorabletomynomination；andmostofhisclosefriendsbecamebitterlyopposedtomeandusedeveryefforttopersuadehimtotrytobringaboutmydownfall。Mostmeninhispositionwouldhavebeentemptedtotrytomakecapitalatmyexpensebyantagonizingmeanddiscreditingmesoastomakemypoliciesfail，justforthesakeofmakingthemfail。SenatorHanna，onthecontrary，dideverythingpossibletomakethemsucceed。Hekepthiswordintheletterandthespirit，andoneverypointonwhichhefeltconscientiouslyabletosupportmehegavemetheheartiestandmosteffectivesupport，anddidallinhispowertomakemyAdministrationasuccess；andthiswithnohopeofanyrewardforhimself，ofanygratitudefromme，orofanyappreciationbythepublicatlarge，butsolelybecausehedeemedsuchactionnecessaryforthewell-beingofthecountryasawhole。
MyexperiencewithSenatorQuaywassimilar。IhadnopersonalrelationswithhimbeforeIwasPresident，andknewnothingofhimsavebyhearsay。SoonafterIbecamePresident，SenatorQuaycalleduponme，toldmehehadknownmeveryslightly，thathethoughtmostmenwhoclaimedtobereformerswerehypocrites，butthathedeemedmesincere，thathethoughtconditionshadbecomesuchthataggressivecourageandhonestywerenecessaryinordertoremedythem，thathebelievedIintendedtobeagoodandefficientPresident，andthattothebestofhisabilityhewouldsupportmeinitmakingmyAdministrationasuccess。Hekepthiswordwithabsolutegoodfaith。
HehadbeenintheCivilWar，andwasamedalofhonorman；andI
thinkmyhavingbeenintheSpanishWargavehimattheoutsetakindlyfeelingtowardme。Hewasalsoaverywell-readman——Iowetohim，forinstance，myacquaintancewiththewritingsoftheFinnishnovelistTopelius。NotonlydidhesupportmeonalmosteverypublicquestioninwhichIwasmostinterested——including，Iamconvinced，everyoneonwhichhefeltheconscientiouslycoulddoso——buthealsoatthetimeofhisdeathgaveastrikingproofofhisdisinteresteddesiretorenderaservicetocertainpoorpeople，andthisunderconditionsinwhichnotonlywouldheneverknowiftheservicewererenderedbutinwhichhehadnoreasontoexpectthathispartinitwouldeverbemadeknowntoanyotherman。
QuaywasdescendedfromaFrenchvoyageurwhohadsomeIndianbloodinhim。HewasproudofthisIndianblood，tookanespecialinterestinIndians，andwheneverIndianscametoWashingtontheyalwayscalledonhim。OnceduringmyAdministrationadelegationofIroquoiscameoverfromCanadatocallonmeattheWhiteHouse。Theirvisithadinitsomethingthatwaspatheticaswellasamusing。TheyrepresentedthedescendantsoftheSixNations，whofledtoCanadaafterSullivanharriedtheirtownsintheRevolutionaryWar。Now，acenturyandaquarterlater，theirpeoplethoughtthattheywouldliketocomebackintotheUnitedStates；andtheserepresentativeshadcalleduponmewiththedimhopethatperhapsIcouldgivetheirtribeslandonwhichtheycouldsettle。AssoonastheyreachedWashingtontheyaskedQuaytobringthemtocallonme，whichhedid，tellingmethatofcoursetheirerrandwashopelessandthathehadexplainedasmuchtothem，butthattheywouldlikemetoextendthecourtesyofaninterview。Atthecloseoftheinterview，whichhadbeenconductedwithallthesolemnitiesofcalumetandwampum，theIndiansfiledout。Quay，beforefollowingthem，turnedtomewithhisusualemotionlessfaceandsaid，“Good-by，Mr。President；thisremindsoneoftheFlightofaTartarTribe，doesn’tit？”Ianswered，“Soyou’refondofDeQuincey，Senator？”towhichQuayresponded，“Yes；alwayslikedDeQuincey；
good-by。”Andawayhewentwiththetribesmen，whoseemedtohavewalkedoutofaremotepast。