[161]Bougaud：Hist。delaBienheureuseMargueriteMarie，1894，p。125。
LetmepassnexttotheCharityandBrotherlyLovewhichareausualfruitofsaintliness，andhavealwaysbeenreckonedessentialtheologicalvirtues，howeverlimitedmayhavebeenthekindsofservicewhichtheparticulartheologyenjoined。
BrotherlylovewouldfollowlogicallyfromtheassuranceofGod’sfriendlypresence，thenotionofourbrotherhoodasmenbeinganimmediateinferencefromthatofGod’sfatherhoodofusall。
WhenChristutterstheprecepts：“Loveyourenemies，blessthemthatcurseyou，dogoodtothemthathateyou，andprayforthemwhichdespitefullyuseyou，andpersecuteyou。”hegivesforareason：“ThatyemaybethechildrenofyourFatherwhichisinheaven：forhemakethhissuntoriseontheevilandonthegood，andsendethrainonthejustandontheunjust。”Onemightthereforebetemptedtoexplainboththehumilityastoone’sselfandthecharitytowardsotherswhichcharacterizespiritualexcitement，asresultsoftheall-levelingcharacteroftheisticbelief。Buttheseaffectionsarecertainlynotmerederivativesoftheism。WefindtheminStoicism，inHinduism，andinBuddhisminthehighestpossibledegree。TheyHARMONIZE
withpaternaltheismbeautifully；buttheyharmonizewithallreflectionwhateveruponthedependenceofmankindongeneralcauses；andwemust，Ithink，considerthemnotsubordinatebutcoordinatepartsofthatgreatcomplexexcitementinthestudyofwhichweareengaged。Religiousrapture，moralenthusiasm，ontologicalwonder，cosmicemotion，areallunifyingstatesofmind，inwhichthesandandgritoftheselfhoodinclinetodisappear，andtendernesstorule。Thebestthingistodescribetheconditionintegrallyasacharacteristicaffectiontowhichournatureisliable，aregioninwhichwefindourselvesathome，aseainwhichweswim；butnottopretendtoexplainitspartsbyderivingthemtoocleverlyfromoneanother。Likeloveorfear，thefaith-stateisanaturalpsychiccomplex，andcarriescharitywithitbyorganicconsequence。Jubilationisanexpansiveaffection，andallexpansiveaffectionsareself-forgetfulandkindlysolongastheyendure。
Wefindthisthecaseevenwhentheyarepathologicalinorigin。
Inhisinstructivework，laTristesseetlaJoie，[162]M。GeorgesDumascomparestogetherthemelancholyandthejoyousphaseofcircularinsanity，andshowsthat，whileselfishnesscharacterizestheone，theotherismarkedbyaltruisticimpulses。NohumanbeingsostingyanduselessaswasMarieinhermelancholyperiod！Butthemomentthehappyperiodbegins，“sympathyandkindnessbecomehercharacteristicsentiments。Shedisplaysauniversalgoodwill，notonlyofintention，butinact……Shebecomessolicitousofthehealthofotherpatients，interestedingettingthemout，desiroustoprocurewooltoknitsocksforsomeofthem。NeversinceshehasbeenundermyobservationhaveIheardherinherjoyousperiodutteranybutcharitableopinions。”[163]Andlater，Dr。Dumassaysofallsuchjoyousconditionsthat“unselfishsentimentsandtenderemotionsaretheonlyaffectivestatestobefoundinthem。Thesubject’smindisclosedagainstenvy，hatred，andvindictiveness，andwhollytransformedintobenevolence，indulgence，andmercy。”[164]
[162]Paris，1900。
[163]Page130。
[164]Page167。
Thereisthusanorganicaffinitybetweenjoyousnessandtenderness，andtheircompanionshipinthesaintlylifeneedinnowayoccasionsurprise。Alongwiththehappiness，thisincreaseoftendernessisoftennotedinnarrativesofconversion。“Ibegantoworkforothers“；——“Ihadmoretenderfeelingformyfamilyandfriends“；——“IspokeatoncetoapersonwithwhomIhadbeenangry“；——“Ifeltforeveryone，andlovedmyfriendsbetter“；——“Ifelteveryonetobemyfriend“；——thesearesomanyexpressionsfromtherecordscollectedbyProfessorStarbuck。[165]
[165]Op。cit。，p。127。
“When。”saysMrs。Edwards，continuingthenarrativefromwhichI
madequotationamomentago，“IaroseonthemorningoftheSabbath，Ifeltalovetoallmankind，whollypeculiarinitsstrengthandsweetness，farbeyondallthatIhadeverfeltbefore。Thepowerofthatloveseemedinexpressible。Ithought，ifIweresurroundedbyenemies，whowereventingtheirmaliceandcrueltyuponme，intormentingme，itwouldstillbeimpossiblethatIshouldcherishanyfeelingstowardsthembutthoseoflove，andpity，andardentdesiresfortheirhappiness。
Ineverbeforefeltsofarfromadispositiontojudgeandcensureothers，asIdidthatmorning。Irealizedalso，inanunusualandverylivelymanner，howgreatapartofChristianityliesintheperformanceofoursocialandrelativedutiestooneanother。Thesamejoyfulsensecontinuedthroughouttheday——asweetlovetoGodandallmankind。”
Whateverbetheexplanationofthecharity，itmayeffaceallusualhumanbarriers。[166]
[166]Thebarrierbetweenmenandanimalsalso。WereadofTowianski，aneminentPolishpatriotandmystic，that“onedayoneofhisfriendsmethimintherain，caressingabigdogwhichwasjumpinguponhimandcoveringhimhorriblywithmud。Onbeingaskedwhyhepermittedtheanimalthustodirtyhisclothes，Towianskireplied：’Thisdog，whomIamnowmeetingforthefirsttime，hasshownagreatfellow-feelingforme，andagreatjoyinmyrecognitionandacceptanceofhisgreetings。
WereItodrivehimoff，Ishouldwoundhisfeelingsanddohimamoralinjury。Itwouldbeanoffensenotonlytohim，buttoallthespiritsoftheotherworldwhoareonthesamelevelwithhim。ThedamagewhichhedoestomycoatisasnothingincomparisonwiththewrongwhichIshouldinflictuponhim，incaseIweretoremainindifferenttothemanifestationsofhisfriendship。Weought，’headded，’bothtolightentheconditionofanimals，wheneverwecan，andatthesametimetofacilitateinourselvesthatunionoftheworldofallspirits，whichthesacrificeofChristhasmadepossible。’“AndreTowianski，Traductiondel’Italien，Turin，1897privatelyprinted。IowemyknowledgeofthisbookandofTowianskitomyfriendProfessorW。Lutoslawski，authorof“Plato’sLogic。”
Here，forinstance，isanexampleofChristiannon-resistancefromRichardWeaver’sautobiography。Weaverwasacollier，asemi-professionalpugilistinhisyoungerdays，whobecameamuchbelovedevangelist。Fighting，afterdrinking，seemstohavebeenthesintowhichheoriginallyfelthisfleshmostperverselyinclined。Afterhisfirstconversionhehadabacksliding，whichconsistedinpoundingamanwhohadinsultedagirl。Feelingthat，havingoncefallen，hemightaswellbehangedforasheepasforalamb，hegotdrunkandwentandbrokethejawofanothermanwhohadlatelychallengedhimtofightandtauntedhimwithcowardiceforrefusingasaChristianman；——Imentiontheseincidentstoshowhowgenuineachangeofheartisimpliedinthelaterconductwhichhedescribesasfollows：——
“Iwentdownthedriftandfoundtheboycryingbecauseafellow-workmanwastryingtotakethewagonfromhimbyforce。I
saidtohim：——
“’Tom，youmustn’ttakethatwagon。’
“Hesworeatme，andcalledmeaMethodistdevil。ItoldhimthatGoddidnottellmetolethimrobme。Hecursedagain，andsaidhewouldpushthewagonoverme。
“’Well，’Isaid，’letusseewhetherthedevilandtheearestrongerthantheLordandme。’
“AndtheLordandIprovingstrongerthanthedevilandhe，hehadtogetoutoftheway，orthewagonwouldhavegoneoverhim。
SoIgavethewagontotheboy。ThensaidTom：——
“’I’veagoodmindtosmacktheeontheface。’
“’Well，’Isaid，’ifthatwilldotheeanygood，thoucanstdoit。’Sohestruckmeontheface。
“Iturnedtheothercheektohim，andsaid，’Strikeagain。’
“Hestruckagainandagain，tillhehadstruckmefivetimes。I
turnedmycheekforthesixthstroke；butheturnedawaycursing。
Ishoutedafterhim：’TheLordforgivethee，forIdo，andtheLordsavethee。’
“ThiswasonaSaturday；andwhenIwenthomefromthecoal-pitmywifesawmyfacewasswollen，andaskedwhatwasthematterwithit。Isaid：’I’vebeenfighting，andI’vegivenamanagoodthrashing。’
“Sheburstoutweeping，andsaid，’ORichard，whatmadeyoufight？’ThenItoldherallaboutit；andshethankedtheLordI
hadnotstruckback。
“ButtheLordhadstruck，andhisblowshavemoreeffectthanman’s。Mondaycame。Thedevilbegantotemptme，saying：’TheothermenwilllaughattheeforallowingTomtotreattheeashedidonSaturday。’Icried，’Gettheebehindme，Satan；’——andwentonmywaytothecoal-pit。
“TomwasthefirstmanIsaw。Isaid’Good-morning，’butgotnoreply。
“Hewentdownfirst。WhenIgotdown，Iwassurprisedtoseehimsittingonthewagon-roadwaitingforme。WhenIcametohimheburstintotearsandsaid：’Richard，willyouforgivemeforstrikingyou？’
“’Ihaveforgiventhee，’saidI；’askGodtoforgivethee。TheLordblessthee。’Igavehimmyhand，andwewenteachtohiswork。”[167]
[167]J。Patterson’sLifeofRichardWeaver，pp。66-68，abridged。
“Loveyourenemies！”Markyou，notsimplythosewhohappennottobeyourfriends，butyourENEMIES，yourpositiveandactiveenemies。EitherthisisamereOrientalhyperbole，abitofverbalextravagance，meaningonlythatweshould，asfaraswecan，abateouranimosities，orelseitissincereandliteral。
Outsideofcertaincasesofintimateindividualrelation，itseldomhasbeentakenliterally。Yetitmakesoneaskthequestion：Canthereingeneralbealevelofemotionsounifying，soobliterativeofdifferencesbetweenmanandman，thatevenenmitymaycometobeanirrelevantcircumstanceandfailtoinhibitthefriendlierinterestsaroused？Ifpositivewell-wishingcouldattainsosupremeadegreeofexcitement，thosewhowereswayedbyitmightwellseemsuperhumanbeings。
Theirlifewouldbemorallydiscretefromthelifeofothermen，andthereisnosaying，intheabsenceofpositiveexperienceofanauthentickind——fortherearefewactiveexamplesinourscriptures，andtheBuddhisticexamplesarelegendary，[168]——whattheeffectsmightbe：theymightconceivablytransformtheworld。
[168]AswherethefutureBuddha，incarnatedasahare，jumpsintothefiretocookhimselfforamealforabeggar——havingpreviouslyshakenhimselfthreetimes，sothatnoneoftheinsectsinhisfurshouldperishwithhim。
Psychologicallyandinprinciple，theprecept“Loveyourenemies“
isnotself-contradictory。Itismerelytheextremelimitofakindofmagnanimitywithwhich，intheshapeofpityingtoleranceofouroppressors，wearefairlyfamiliar。Yetifradicallyfollowed，itwouldinvolvesuchabreachwithourinstinctivespringsofactionasawhole，andwiththepresentworld’sarrangements，thatacriticalpointwouldpracticallybepassed，andweshouldbebornintoanotherkingdomofbeing。Religiousemotionmakesusfeelthatotherkingdomtobecloseathand，withinourreach。
Theinhibitionofinstinctiverepugnanceisprovednotonlybytheshowingoflovetoenemies，butbytheshowingofittoanyonewhoispersonallyloathsome。Intheannalsofsaintlinesswefindacuriousmixtureofmotivesimpellinginthisdirection。
Asceticismplaysitspart；andalongwithcharitypureandsimple，wefindhumilityorthedesiretodisclaimdistinctionandtogrovelonthecommonlevelbeforeGod。CertainlyallthreeprincipleswereatworkwhenFrancisofAssisiandIgnatiusLoyolaexchangedtheirgarmentswiththoseoffilthybeggars。
Allthreeareatworkwhenreligiouspersonsconsecratetheirlivestothecareofleprosyorotherpeculiarlyunpleasantdiseases。Thenursingofthesickisafunctiontowhichthereligiousseemstronglydrawn，evenapartfromthefactthatchurchtraditionssetthatway。Butintheannalsofthissortofcharitywefindfantasticexcessesofdevotionrecordedwhichareonlyexplicablebythefrenzyofself-immolationsimultaneouslyaroused。FrancisofAssisikisseshislepers；
MargaretMaryAlacoque，FrancisXavier，St。JohnofGod，andothersaresaidtohavecleansedthesoresandulcersoftheirpatientswiththeirrespectivetongues；andthelivesofsuchsaintsasElizabethofHungaryandMadamedeChantalarefullofasortofrevelinginhospitalpurulence，disagreeabletoreadof，andwhichmakesusadmireandshudderatthesametime。
Somuchforthehumanlovearousedbythefaith-state。LetmenextspeakoftheEquanimity，Resignation，Fortitude，andPatiencewhichitbrings。
“Aparadiseofinwardtranquillity“seemstobefaith’susualresult；anditiseasy，evenwithoutbeingreligiousone’sself，tounderstandthis。Amomentback，intreatingofthesenseofGod’spresence，Ispokeoftheunaccountablefeelingofsafetywhichonemaythenhave。And，indeed，howcanitpossiblyfailtosteadythenerves，tocoolthefever，andappeasethefret，ifonebesensiblyconsciousthat，nomatterwhatone’sdifficultiesforthemomentmayappeartobe，one’slifeasawholeisinthekeepingofapowerwhomonecanabsolutelytrust？Indeeplyreligiousmentheabandonmentofselftothispowerispassionate。Whoevernotonlysays，butFEELS，“God’swillbedone。”ismailedagainsteveryweakness；andthewholehistoricarrayofmartyrs，missionaries，andreligiousreformersistheretoprovethetranquil-mindedness，undernaturallyagitatingordistressingcircumstances，whichself-surrenderbrings。