第6章
加入书架 A- A+
点击下载App,搜索"Fabre, Poet of Science",免费读到尾

  Moreover,thefirstfewvolumeswereinnowayseductive。Theyboastednotthemostelementarydrawingstohelpthereader;nottheslightestwoodcuttogiveadirectideaoftheinsectsdescribed;oftheirshape,aspect,orphysiognomy;andasimplesketch,howeverpoor,isoftenworthmorethanlongandlaboriousdescriptions。Thefirstvolumesespecially,printedeconomically,attheleastpossibleexpense,werenotoutwardlyattractive。

  Itisalsotruethathehadneverfoundedanygreathopesonthesaleofsuchworks。

  Veryfewpeoplearereallyinterestedintheloweranimals,andFabrehasbeenreproachedwithwastinghistimeover“childishhistories,unworthyofseriousattentionandunlikelytomakemoney。”ofwastinginfrivolousoccupationsthetimewhichispassingsoquicklyandcanneverreturn。Andwhyshouldhehavestillfurtherwastedsomanyprecioushoursinexecutingminutedrawingswhosereproductionwouldhaveinvolvedanexpenditurewhichhispublisherwouldnotdaretoventureupon,andwhichhehimselfcouldnotafford?

  Forthisuniversalinquirerwaswellfittedforsuchatask,andallthesecreatureswhichhehaddepictedheiscapableofrepresentingwithbrushandpencilasfaithfullyaswithhispen。Hehaditinhimtobenotonlyawriter,butanexcellentdraughtsman,andevenagreatpainter。Hehasreproducedinwater-colour,withlovingcare,thedecorationsofthespecimensofprehistoricpotterywhichhisexcavationshaverevealed,andwhichhehasendeavouredtoreconstruct,withallthescienceofanarchaeologist。Hehasdisplayedthesameskillinwater-colourinthatastonishingiconography,inwhichhehasdetailed,withmarvellousaccuracy,allthepeculiaritiesofthemycologicalfloraoftheolive-

  growingdistricts。16/14。

  Asforthose“paltryfigures“insufficientorflagrantlyincorrectindrawing,withwhichmanypeoplearesatisfied,heregardsthemas“intolerable“inhisownbooks,andasabsolutelycontradictingtherigorousaccuracyofhistext。16/15。

  OflateyearsphotographyandtheskillofhissonPaulhavesuppliedthisdeficiency。Hetaughthissontofixtheinsectsonthesensitiveplateintheirtrueattitudes,intherealityoftheirmostinstantaneousgestures。

  Howevervaluablesuchdocumentsmaybe,howmuchweshouldpreferfinedrawings,givingreliefnotonlytoformsandcolours,butalsotothemostcharacteristicfeaturesandthewholelivingphysiognomyofthecreature!

  Thisisthefunctionofart;butthegreatartistthatwasinFabrewascapableinthisdomainofrivallingthemagicaltalentofanAudubon。

  Suchworkwasrelinquished,althoughsomanyromancesofnature,somuchdishonestpatch-work,wontheapplauseduetosuccess。

  Fabrefellmoreandmoreintoastateborderingonindigence,andfinallyhewasquiteforgotten。Anopponentofevolution,hewasoutofthefashion。Theencyclopaediasbarelymentionedhim。LamarckiansandDarwinians,whostillmadesomuchnoiseintheworld,ignoredhim;andnoonecamenowtoopenthegatebehindwhichwasageing,inobscurityanddeserted,“oneoftheloftiestandpurestgeniuseswhichthecivilizedworldatthatmomentpossessed;oneofthemostlearnednaturalistsandoneofthemostmarvellousofpoetsinthemodernandtrulylegitimatesenseoftheword。”16/16。

  InthedepartmentofVaucluse,wherehelivedformorethansixtyyears,inAvignonitself,wherehehadtaughtfortwentyyears,theprefectBelleudy,whohadsucceededinapproachinghim,wasastonishedanddistressedtofind“sogreatamindsolittleknown“;foreventhoseabouthimscarcelyknewhisname。16/17。

  Butwhatmatter!ThehermitofSérignanwasnotdiscouraged;hewasdisturbedonlybythefailureofhisstrength,andthefearthathecouldnotmuchlongerexercisethatdivinefacultywhichhadalwaysconsoledhimforallhissorrowsandhisdisappointments。HecouldscarcelydraghiswearylimbsacrossthepebblesofhisHarmas;butheborehiseighty-sevenyearswithafinedisdainforageanditsfailings,andalthoughthefireofhisglanceandthatwhole,eagercountenancestillexpressedhispassionforthetruth,hisabruptgestures,touchedwithirony,hissimplebearing,andtheextrememodestyofhiswholeperson,spokesufficientlyofhisprofoundindifferencetowardoutsidecontingencies,forthebaublesoffameandallthestupiditiesoflife。

  Atafewmiles’distance,inanothervillage,thatothergreatpeasant,Mistral,thesingerofProvence,thepoetofloveandjoy,theminstrelofrusticlabourandantiquefaiths,waspursuing,amidthehomageofhisapotheosis,theincrediblecycleofhissplendidexistence。

  Thisgloryhadcometohimsuddenly;thisfame“whosefirstglancesaresweeterthanthefiresofdawn。”andwhichwasnevertodeserthimforfiftylongyears。

  Thewindoffavourwhichhadsweetenedhisyouthcontinuedtopropelhiminfullsail。Hehadonlytoshowhimselftobeatoncesurrounded,felicitated,worshipped;andhismerepresencewouldswayacrowdastheblackpeaksofthehighcypressesareswayedbythegreatwindthatbearshisname。LikeFabre,hehadremainedfaithfultohisnativesoil;thatsoilwhichthegreatnaturalisthadneverbeenabletoleavewithoutatoncelongingimpatientlytoreturntoitsdustyoliveswherethecigalesings,itsilextreesanditsthickets;andsohelivedfarfromthecities,inaquietvillage,withthesamehorizonofplainsandhillsthatwerebalmywiththyme,leadinginhislittlehomeanequallifefullofwisdomandsimplicity。

  ThehermitofSérignanwastheLucretiusofthisProvence,whichhadalreadyfounditsVirgil。Withaverydifferentvision,eachhadthesamerustictastes,thesameloveofthefreespacesofwildnatureandthescenesofrurallife。ButMistral,whereverhelooked,sawhumanlifeashappyandsimple,throughtheprismofhiscreativeimaginationandtheoptimismofhishappylife。Fabre,onthecontrary,behindthesombrerealitieswhichhestudied,sawonlytheferociousengagementofconfusedlivingforces,andafrightfultragedy。

  Thustheirtwolives,whichwerelikeparallellines,nevermeeting,wereinkeepingwiththeirwork。AndwhileMistral,stillyoungandtriumphantdespitetheyears,wasatMaillaneoverwhelmedwithhonoursandconsideration,thepoorgreatmanofSérignanlivedanobscureandingloriousexistence。

  Hehadthegreatesttroubletoliveandrearhisfamily,andalmosthissoleincomeconsistedofanuncertainsumof120poundssterlingannually,whichhehadforsomeyearsreceived,intheguiseofapension,bythegenerosityoftheInstitute,astheGegnerprize。

  Finallyhissituationwassoprecariousthathedecidedtoselltoamuseumthatmagnificentcollectionofwater-colourplatesinwhichhehadrepresented,life-sizeandwithanastonishingtruthofcolour,allthefungiwhichgrowinProvence。

  HewrotetoMistralonthesubject,afterthevisitwhichthelatterpaidhiminthespringof1908:theonlyvisitofthekind。BeforemeetinginSaint-Estelle,theParadiseoftheFélibres,theyhadwishednottodiebeforeatleastmeetingonthisearth。

  Fabrewrotetomistralthefollowingletter,whichIowetothekindnessofthegreatpoet:——

  “Ihaveneverthoughtofprofitingbymyhumblefungoidwater-

  colours……Fatewillperhapsdecideotherwise。

  “Inthisconnection,permitmetomakeaconfession,towhichyournobilityofcharacterencouragesme。UntillatterlyIhadlivedmodestlyontheproductofmyschool-books。To-daytheweathercockhasturnedtoanotherquarter,andmybooksnolongersell。SohereIam,morethaneverinthegripofthatterribleproblemofdailybread。Ifyouthink,then,thatwithyourhelpandthatofyourfriends,mypoorpicturesmighthelpmealittle,Ihavedecidedtoletthemgo,butnotwithoutbitterness。Itisliketearingoffapieceofmyskin,andIstillholdtothisoldskin,shabbyasitmaybe;alittleformyownsake,muchmoreformyfamily’s,andmuchmoreagainforthesakeofmyentomologicalstudies,studieswhichIfeelobligedtopursue,persuadedthatforalongtimetocomenoonewillcaretoresumethem,soungratefulisthecalling。”16/18。

  AttheinstigationofthepoettheprefectBelleudytookituponhimtointercedewiththeMinister,fromwhomhefinallywrungagrantof40

  poundssterling,“inencouragementofthesciences。”FinallyheventuredtorevealthesituationtotheGeneralCouncilofVaucluse,andtorequireittocontributeatleastitsshare,inordertoensureapeacefulanddecentoldagetoamanwhowasnotonlythegreatestcelebrityofthedepartment,butalsooneofthehighestgloriesofthenation。HepleadedsowellandsonoblythattheassemblygrantedFabreanannualsumof20poundssterling,“asthepublichomagewhichhiscompatriotspaytohisloftyscienceandHISEXCESSIVEMODESTY。”16/19。Atthesametime,inagenerousimpulse,theCouncilplacedathisdisposalallthescientificequipmentofthedepartmentallaboratoryofagriculturalanalysis,whichwasnolongerused;therewasindeedtalkofsuppressingit。

  Nowthattheburdenofhisdaysweighedsoheavilyonhim,andhistaskwasvirtuallyfinished,everything,bythecustomaryironyofthings,wascominghiswaysimultaneously:notonlywhatwasnecessaryandindispensable,butevensomethingthatwassuperfluous。

  Soonedayallthesedelicateinstruments,uselesstoabiologistwhobytheverynatureofhislabourshaddonewithoutthemallhislife,andhadneverweariedofdenyingtheirutility,arrivedatSérignan。Hedidnotpossessevenonemodestthermometer;andasforthesuperbmicroscopeoverwhichhesooftenbent,theonlycostlyinstrumentinhisrusticlaboratory,itwasapreciouspresentwhich,attheinstigationofDuruy,Dumasthechemisthadgivenhimyearsbefore;butasimplelensveryoftensufficedhim。“Thesecretsoflife。”hesomewherewrites,“aretobeobtainedbysimple,makeshift,inexpensivemeans。Whatdidthebestresultsofmyinquiryintoinstinctcostme?Onlytime,andaboveall,patience。”

  Itwasthenthatafewofhisdisciples,finallyaffectedbysuchabandonment,decidedtocelebratehisjubilee,hopingthustorevealbothhisnameandhiswonderfulbookstothecrowdthatknewnothingofhim。

  16/20。

  Itwastime;alittlelonger,and,accordingtohisracyphrase,“theviolinswouldhavecometoolate。”Theoldmasterisdailynearerhisdecline;hissight,oncesopiercing,isnowsoobscuredthathecanbarelyseetosignhisname,inasmall,tremuloushand,confusedandillegible。

  Hismusclesaresofeeblenowthathecanwalkonlyinshortsteps,onhiswife’sarm,leaningonacane;andhewouldsoonbepiteouslyexhaustedwerenotsomeseatavailablewithinimmediatereach。VerysoonnowhewillnolongerhopetomakethetourofthisHarmas,whichhisfeethavetroddendailyforthirtyyears。Inthisfailureofthebody,allthatsurvivesarethetwosparklingcavitiesofhiseyesandhisextraordinarymemory。

  Butheisfarfrombeingmournful:hefeelsonlyanimmenselassitude,andaninfiniteregretthatperhapshewillnotbeabletobringhisseriesof“Souvenirs“tothepointhehaddesired;notwishingtodieuntilhehaspushedhiscareerasfarasisinhispower;withouthavingworked,onhisfeet,untiltheveryhourwhenthelightofthisworldissuddenlywithdrawn,andhiseyesopenupontheinfinitelife,beyondtheinfiniteworldsofspace。

  Thefestivaltookplaceonthe3rdofApriloftheyear1910,andwastouchinginitssimplicity。

  WhatanunforgettabledayinthelifeofFabre!ThatmorningthegateoftheHarmaswasleftopentoall,andmanyofthepeopleofSérignanwhoinvadedthegardenwereabletolookforthefirsttimeonthefaceoftheirfellow-citizen,whohadsolonglivedamongthem,andwhomtheyhadnow,totheirastonishment,discovered。

  Butamongthecrowdoffriendsandadmirerswho,comingfromallparts,pressedaroundthelittlepinkhouse,themostamazedofallwasMarius,theblindcabinet-maker,unabletocontainhisintensedelightatthesuddenburningofsomuchincensebeforehisidol,fortohimithadseemedthatthisdayofapotheosiswouldneverdawn!

  Fornothingwascertain,althoughthedayofthejubileehadlongbeenfixed。Inthefirstplacetherehadbeenseriousdefectionsintheranksoftheofficialpersonageswhoweretotakepartintheceremony。Thentheweatherwasterribleforthetimeofyear;thespringhadcommencedgloomily,aseasonoffloodsandcatastrophes。Butonthismorningtherainofdayshadceasedtofall,andsuddenlythesunappeared。

  Amongothercomplimentsandmarksofhomagetheoldmanwaspresentedwithagoldenplaque,ononesideofwhichSicard,whostoodrevealedasamasteroftheburin,hadengravedhisportraitwithrarefidelity。Thereversewasresplendentwithoneofthemostbeautifulsyntheseswhichthehistoryofarthasknown;asurprisingallegory,inwhichtheimaginationoftheartistevokedthemanofscience,thesingeroftheinsects,thelandscapewhichhadseenthebirthofsomanylittlelives,andthevillageamidtheolive-trees,infrontofthesun-steepedVentoux。

  Atthisfestival,thejubileeofascientist,thescientistswereleastnumerous。

  ThebanquetwasgiveninthelargeroomofacafeinthemidstofSérignan;

  inorder,nodoubt,thatinthishumblelifeevengloryshouldbemodest。

  AsFabrecouldnotwalk,hewashelpedintothecarriageofceremony,whichwassentexpresslyfromOrange,andthelittleprocession,whichwasswelledbythemunicipalchoralsociety,spurredonbyMarius,movedslowlyoffalongthesolecentralstreet。

  Itwasagreatfamilyrepast:oneofthoselove-feastsinwhichallcommunicateinasinglethought。

  EdmondPerrierbroughtthenaturalistthehomageoftheInstitute,andexpressedinunaffectedtermsthejustadmirationwhichhehimselffelt。

  Thebettertopraisehim,hegaveasummaryofhisadmirablecareer,andhisimmortalwork。AttheevocationofthislongpastoflabourFabreregrettedhispoorvanishedjoys,“thesolemomentsofhappinessinhislife。”

  Movedtotears,byhismemoriesandbythesimpleandpioushomageatlastrenderedtohisgenius,hewept,andmany,seeinghimweep,weptwithhim。

  Othersspokeinthenameofthegreatanonymouscrowdoffriends,ofallthosewhohadfoundasourceofinfiniteenjoymentinhisworks。Atthesametimethegreatestwriters,thegreatestpoetssentonthesameday,atthesamehour,theirsalutationoreloquentmessagestothe“Virgiloftheinsects“16/21。,tothe“goodmagicianwhoknewthelanguageofthemyriadlittlecreaturesofthefields。”16/22。

  Doubtlesshewouldsoonerorlaterhavereceivedfulljustice;butwithoutthiscircumstanceitispermissibletoaddthattheendofhislifewouldhavepassedamidstthecompletestoblivion,andthathewouldhavetakenleaveoftheworldwithoutattractinganyparticularattention。Hisdeathwouldhaveoccurredunperceived,andwhenthelittlevaultofVaisonstone,upinthesmallsquareenclosureofpebbleswhichservesasthevillagecemetery,wherethosehehaslovedawaithim,cametobeopenedforthelasttime,theywouldhardlyhavetroubledtocloseitagain。

  Yetthehonourspaidhimwerefarfrombeingsuchashemerited。

  Why,atthisjubileeofthegreatestoftheentomologists,wasnotasingleappointedrepresentativeofentomologypresent?16/22。

  Thefactisthatthemajorityofthosewho“amidthelivingseekonlyforcorpses。”accordingtotheexpressionofBacon,unwillingtoseeinFabreanythingmorethananimaginativewriter,andbeingthemselvesincapableofunderstandingthebeautifulandofdistinguishingitinthetrue,reproachedhim,perhapswithmorejealousythanconviction,withhavingintroducedliteratureintothedomainsofscience。

  Otherentomologicalspecialistsaccusehimofpresentingintheguiseofsciencediscoverieswhichhavebeenmadebyothers。Butinthefirstplace,ashehasreadverylittle,hecertainlydidnotknowallthathadbeendonebyothers;andwhatmatterifhehaddiscoverednothingessentialconcerningthisorthatinsectiftheresultofhisstudyofithasbeentoimpregnateitwithsomethingnew,ortotouchitwiththebreathoflife?

  Others,finally,whowishedtoseewiththeirowneyestheproofofhisstatements,havereproachedhimwithafewerrors;butheobservedsoskilfullythattheseerrors,ifanyhavereallyslippedintohisbooks,cannotbeveryserious。

  HewasoneofthegloriesoftheUniversity,butitfailedtoaddtothebrillianceofthisceremony,anditistoberegrettedthattheGovernmentcouldnotamiditstemporarypreoccupationshavedonewithallthespontaneitythatmighthavebeenlookedfortheonethingwhichmightonthismemorabledatehaveatonedforitsunjustobliviousness。SinceDuruyhadcreatedFabreachevalieroftheEmpiremorethanfortyyearshadgoneby,andinthislongintervalFabrewasabsolutelyignoredbytheauthorities。WhiletheStatedailyraisessomanycommonplacementothehighesthonours,itwasafterwardsneedfultoprocuretheinterventionofinfluentialpersons,tojustifyhisworthandtoprovehisdeserts,inordertoobtainhispromotionthroughonedegreeofrankinthatLegionofHonourwhichhiseminentserviceshadsolongadorned。

  Thistardyreparationatleasthadtheresultofsheddingatwilightofgloryovertheeveningofhislife,andfromthatdayhesuddenlyappearedinhistrueplaceandtookhisrankasamanofthefirstorder。Everybodybegantoreadhim,andpresentlynoonewaswillingtoseemignorantofhim,formoreofhis“Souvenirsentomologiques“weresoldinafewmonthsthanhadbeendisposedofinmorethantwentyyears。16/24。

  AtlastFabreexperiencednotonlygloryandrenown,butalsopopularity。

  Thiswasonlyjustice,forhisisessentiallyapopulargenius。Hashenotstrivenallhislifetoplacethemarvelsofsciencewithinreachofall?

  Andhashenotwrittenaboveallforthechildrenofthepeople?

  SoatlastpeoplehavelearnedthewaytotheHarmas;theygothithernowincrowds,tovisittheenclosureandthemodestlaboratory,astoaveritableplaceofpilgrimagewhichattractsfromafarmanyferventadmirers。

  Some,itistrue,gothithertoseehimsimplyasanobjectofcuriosity;

  butevenamongthesetherearethosewhoonreturningthence,fullofenthusiasmforwhattheyhaveseen,findtheflowersofthefieldsmoresweetandfragile,andthewildfragranceofthewoodsandhedgesmorevoluptuous,andthegreenofthetreesmoretender。Theyhavelearnttolookattheearthandto“kneelinthegrass。”

  Scientistscometochatwiththescientist。Otherscometosalutetheprimaryschoolman,thelayinstructor,thegreatpedagoguewhosegloryisreflecteduponalltheprimaryschoolsofFrance。

  Thosewhocannotvisithimwrite,tellinghimofallthepleasurewhichtheyowehim,thankinghimforlonganddelightfulhourspassedinthereadingofhisbooks,expressingthehopethathemayyetlivemanyyears,andstillfurtherincreasethenumberofhis“Souvenirs。”

  Someaskhimahostofquestionsrelatingtoentomologyorphilosophy;

  othersaskhimforimpossibleanswerstosomeofthefascinatingandmysteriousproblemswhichhehasexpounded;womenconfideinhimtheirlittleprivategriefsortheirintimatesorrows,anaiveformofhomage;

  butathousandtimesmoretouchingthananyother,andonethatshowshowprofoundhasbeenthebeneficentinfluenceofhisbooksuponcertainisolatedminds,andwhatconsolationcanbederivedfromsciencewhenitfindsasufficientlyeloquentvoicetointerpretit。

  Ashecanworknolonger,thesevisitsnowfillhislife,formallysooccupied;andinthemidstofallthesympathyextendedtohimheissensible,notofthetwilight,butofasunrise;hefeelsthathisworkhasbeengood,thataninfinityofmindsarelearningthroughhimtoregardplantsandanimalswithgreateraffection;andthattheconsiderationofmen,finallydirecteduponhiswork,willnotreadilyexhaustit,foritisoneoftheBiblesofNature。

  NOTES。

  NOTESTOINTRODUCTION。

  Introduction/1。Letterstohisbrother,1898-1900。

  Introduction/2。Ihavemadesomevaluable“finds“here;amongotherpiecescitedthefragmenton“Playthings。”thecuriousdescriptionofthe“Eclipse。”andthepoemon“Number“areherepublishedforthefirsttime。

  Introduction/3。Thisnegligenceinthematterofcorrespondenceisnotleastamongthecauseswhichhavemitigatedagainsthispopularity。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER1。

  1/1。“Itisacountrythathasverylittlecharm。”Tohisbrother,18thAugust,1846。

  1/2。“Practicien,hommed’affairesoudechicane“:roughly,“practitioner,manofbusinessorlaw“:sohisfatherisdescribedinhisbirthcertificate。

  1/3。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter4,and7thseries,chapter19。

  1/4。Id。,8thseries,chapter8。

  1/5。Tohisbrother,15thAugust,1896。

  1/6。Id。“Asbrothers,weareoneonly;butinvirtueofourdifferenttasteswearetwo,andIamamusedandinterestedwhereyoumightwellbebored。”

  1/7。FrédéricFabre,likehisbrother,anex-scholarofthenormalprimaryschoolofVaucluse,wasfirstofallteacheratLapaludVaucluse,thenprofessorinthecommunalcollegeofOrange。HewasdirectoroftheprimaryschoolattachedtothenormalschoolofAvignon,wherehevoluntarilyretiredfromteachingin1859。Hethenbecame,successively,secretarytotheChamberofCommerceofAvignon,directoroftheVaucluseDocks,andfinallydirectoroftheCrillonCanal,whichpositionhestilloccupiesDecember,1912。

  1/8。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter9。

  1/9。AmonghisinnumerablemanuscriptsIhavefoundavastnumberoflittlepoems,whichdatefromthisperiod。

  1/10。ItwasthenthathegaveuphispositiontohisbrotherFrédéric,whohadcontinuallyfollowedcloselyinhissteps,andwhointurnhadjustobtainedthequalificationofpupil-teacherandbursarAugust,1842。

  1/11。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10series,chapter21。

  1/12。Tohisbrother,2ndand9thofJune,1851。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER2。

  2/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter20,and9thseries,chapter13。

  2/2。Id。,6thseries,chapter21。

  2/3。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,10thJune,1850。

  2/4。Id。,id。

  2/5。Id。,fromCarpentras,15thAugust,1846。

  2/6。Id。,fromAjaccio,10thJune,1850。

  2/7。Id。,fromCarpentras,15thAugust,1846。

  2/8。Id。,id。

  2/9。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter14。

  2/10。Tohisbrother,fromCarpentras,3rdSeptember,1848。

  2/11。Id。,8thSeptember,1848。

  2/12。Id。,id。

  2/13。Id。,3rdSeptember,1848。

  2/14。Id。,id。

  2/15。LettertotheRectoroftheN?mesAcademy,29thSeptember,1848。

  2/16。Tohisbrother,29thSeptember,1848。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER3。

  3/1。Tohisfather,fromAjaccio,14thApril,1850。

  3/2。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,1851。

  3/3。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,9thJune,1851。

  “IhavesettoworkuponaconchologyofCorsica,whichIhopesoontopublish。”

  3/4。TheHelixRaspaillii。

  3/5。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,10thJune,1850。

  3/6。Id。,id。

  3/7。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”9thseries,chapter14。

  3/8。Number,LeNombre——ARITHMOS,poem,Ajaccio,September,1852。

  3/9。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,2ndJune,1851。

  3/10。Id。,10thOctober,1852,and“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter21。

  3/11。Fr。Mistral,“Mémoires。”

  Moquin-Tandon,bornatMontpellier,wasprofessorofNaturalHistoryatMarseilles,atToulouse,andinParis。

  3/12。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,10thOctober,1852。

  3/13。Id。

  3/14。Tohisbrother,fromCarpentras,3rdDecember,1851。

  “Ourcrossingwasatrocious。NeverhaveIseensoterribleasea,andthatthepacket-boatwasnotbrokenupbytheforceofthewavesmusthavebeenduetothefactthatourtimehadnotyetcome。OntwoorthreeoccasionsI

  thoughtmylastmomentwasathand;IleaveyoutoimaginewhataterribleexperienceIhad。InordinaryweatherthepacketbywhichwetravelledmakesthevoyagefromAjacciotoMarseillesinabouteighteenhours;itissaidtobethefasteststeamerontheMediterranean。Onthisoccasionittookthreedaysandtwonights。”

  3/15。January,1853。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER4。

  4/1。Tohisbrother,fromAvignon,1stAugust,1854。

  “IhavearrivedatToulouse,whereIhavepassedthebestexaminationonecouldpossiblywish。Ihavebeenacceptedaslicentiatewiththemostflatteringcompliments,andtheexpensesoftheexaminationshouldbereturnedtome。TheexaminationwasofahigherlevelthanIhadexpected。”

  4/2。ToM——oftheInstitute,fromAvignon,1854。

  LettercommunicatedtoM。Belleudy,prefectofVaucluse,byM。Vollon,painter。

  4/3。Id。

  4/4。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,10thOctober,1852。

  4/5。ObservationsconcerningthehabitsoftheCercerisandthecauseofthelongpreservationofthecoleopterawithwhichitprovisionsitslarvae——“AnnalesdeSc。natur……”4thseries,1855。

  4/6。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter22。

  4/7。“Ihadonlyoneidea:tofreemyself,toleavethelycée,where,notbeingafellow,Iwastreatedasasubordinate。Aninspector-generaltoldmefranklyoneday,’Youwillneveramounttoanythingifyouarenotafellow’agrégé。’Thesedistinctionsdisgustme,’Ireplied。”

  Conversations。

  4/8。Tohisbrother,fromAjaccio,14thJanuary,1850。

  4/9。InquiriesrespectingthetuberclesofHimantoglossumhircinum。ThesisinBotany,1855。

  4/10。Inquiriesrespectingtheanatomyofthereproductiveorgans,andthedevelopmentsoftheMyriapoda。ThesisinZoology,1855。

  4/11。Prizeforexperimentalphysiology,1856。

  4/12。LettertoLéonDufour,1stFebruary,1857。

  4/13。“TheOriginofSpecies。”1857?,translatedbyBarbier,page15。

  4/14。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter1,and5thseries,chapter1。

  4/15。Id。,1stseries,chapter16。

  4/16。Id。,1stseries,chapterone。

  4/17。HenryDevillario,magistrateatCarpentras,whereheperformedhisdutiesasjuged’instructionuntilhisdeath。Anotablecollectoranddistinguishedpublicist。

  Dr。Bordone,to-dayatFrontignan。Vayssières,professorofZoologyinthefacultyofsciencesatMarseilles。

  4/18。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter13。

  4/19。Hewassubjectinhisyouthtoviolentheadaches,“whichsometimesdevelopedintoacerebralfever。”aswellasstrangenervoustroubles:“A

  fewdaysagoIwasattacked,atnight,withasuddennervousillness,ofaterrifyingnature,whichIhavenotasyetbeenabletoidentify。”Tohisbrother,3rdSeptember,1848。

  Severedisappointmentorannoyancealwayshadagreateffectuponhim;ontheoccasionofhisfirstmarriagehefellintoasortofcatalepticconditionasaresultoftheoppositionofhisparentsandrelations,whosoughttoopposeit。Conversationswithhisbrother。

  4/20。“Souvenirsentomologiques“9thseries,chapter23。

  4/21。Id。,10thseries,chapter22。

  4/22。LettertoLèonDufour,1stFebruary,1857。

  “Stepshavebeentakentoobtainformethepostofdrawing-masterma?tredestravauxgraphiques。Iftheysucceed,thankstothelittletalentI

  havefordrawing,mysalarywillreachareasonablefigure,120poundssterling,andIcanthen,bygivinguptheseabominableprivatelessons,cultivaterathermoreseriouslythestudiesintowhichyouhaveinitiatedme。”CommunicatedbyM。Achard。

  4/23。“Souvenirsentomologiques“10thseries,chapter22。

  4/24。OubretoProuven?alo。LaCigaleetlaFourmi。

  4/25。Lavisse。Aminister。VictorDuruy。

  4/26。LettertothemunicipalcouncillorsofAvignon。

  4/27。J。StuartMill,“Autobiography。”chapter6。

  4/28。Ihavevisitedthishouse;nothing,atalleventsoutside,haschangedintheleast。

  4/29。Millcollaboratedinhis“FloreduVaucluse“:“Avirtuousmanwhoserecentlossweshallalldeplorejoinedhiseffortstomineinthisundertaking。”LettertotheMayorofAvignon,1stDecember,1833,communicatedbyM。FélixAchard。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER5。

  5/1。“Chimieagricole。”

  5/2。“LeCiel。”LecturesetLe?onspourtous。

  5/3。“LaTerre。”LecturesetLe?onspourtous。

  5/4。“LaChimiedel’onclePaul。”Lecturescourantespourtouteslesécoles。

  5/5。“Histoiredelab?che。”

  5/6。“Lesjouets。LeToton“manuscript。

  Theprimitivefountain,the“antiqueappliance“transmittedbyinheritance,“theinventionperhapsofsomelittleunemployedherd-boy。”consistedoriginallyofthreeaperturesandthreestraws;twosimilaraperturesononeside,withtwoshortstraws,whichdippedintothewater,andasingleorificeontheothersideforthelongerstrawwhichdeliveredthewater。

  Happeningonedaytouseonlytwostraws,oneoneachside,thelittleFabreperceivedthatthedeviceworkedjustaswell,and“so,quiteunconsciously,withoutthinkingofit,Idiscoveredthesyphon,thetruesyphonofthephysicist。”Lococit。

  5/7。“Thechemistrycourseisagreatsuccessathome。”Tohisbrother,fromOrange,1875。

  5/8。Tohissonémile,4thNovember,1879。

  “Thehousehold;discussionsastodomesticeconomyforuseingirls’

  schools。”

  5/9。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter1。

  5/10。TotheMayorofAvignon,1stDecember,1873。CommunicatedbyM。FélixAchard。

  5/11。Lettertohisbrother,1875。

  5/12。Id。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER6。

  6/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter1。“L’Harmas。”

  6/2。Id。,6thseries,chapter5。

  6/3。TheLumbricusphosporeusofDugés。Fabrehadalreadyclearlyperceivedthatthiscuriousphenomenonofphosphorescenceappearsatbirth,andhesawinitaprocessofoxidation,aspeciesofrespiration,especiallyactiveincertaintissues。

  LettertoLéonDufour,1stFebruary,1857。CommunicatedbyM。FélixAchard。

  6/4。Tohisbrother,fromCarpentras,15thAugust,1846。

  6/5。Hediedattheageof96。

  6/6。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter21。

  6/7。Tohissonémile,4thNovember,1879。

  6/8。ToHenryDevillario,30thMarch,1883。

  6/9。Id。,17thDecember,1888。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER7。

  7/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”8thseries,chapter12。

  7/2。Id。,7thseries,chapter16。

  7/3。Id。,1stseries,chapter4。

  7/4。Id。,2ndseries,chapter3。

  7/5。Id。,6thseries,chapter21。

  7/6。Id。,1stseries,chapter19,and2ndseries,chapter7。

  7/7。Id。,7thseries,chapter23。

  7/8。Maeterlinck,“TheBee。”

  7/9。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”7thseries,chapter2。

  7/10。Id。,8thseries,chapter22。

  7/11。Id。,6thseries,chapter6。

  7/12。Id。,9thseries,chapter10。

  7/13。Bergson,“l’Evolutioncréatrice。”

  7/14。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter6。

  7/15。“LesServiteurs“and“LesAuxiliaires。”

  7/16。Fran?oisRaspail,bornatCarpentrasin1794,wasalsoaprofessoratthecollegeofCarpentras。

  7/17。Tohisbrother,3rdSeptember,1848。

  Theimprovementdidnotlastlong;thechilddiedfinallyashorttimeafterwards。

  7/18。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter21。

  7/19。Ed。Perrier。Privateletter,27thOctober,1909。

  “Heisthefinestofallourobservers,andallscientistsshouldbowtothefactswhichheexcelsindiscovering。”

  7/20。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”6thseries,chapter25。

  7/21。Id。,10thseries,chapter16。

  7/22。Id。,10thseries,chapter20。

  7/23。Manuscripts,unpublishedobservations。

  7/24。AcommonspectacleinProvence,butonewhichFabreneverweariedofseeing。

  7/25。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”6thseries,chapter17。

  7/26。Weknowthatthegreatnaturalistwasfarfrombeingcharmedbythesongofthenightingale。

  7/27。Manuscripts,unpublishedobservation。Theseremarksdealwiththesolareclipseof28thMay,1900。

  7/28。Amongtheinsectswhichhehasobservedtherearemanywhicharenotalwayssufficientlycharacterized。“Insectescoléoptèresobservesauxenvironsd’Avignon。”Avignon,pub。Seguin,1870。

  7/29。ColeopteraobservedintheneighbourhoodofAvignon。Acataloguenowveryscarce,acopyofwhichIowetothekindnessofDr。Chobaut,ofAvignon。

  7/30。Nominasinescis,peritetcognitiorerum。

  7/31。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”4thseries,chapter11。

  7/32。Id。,9thseries,chapter19。

  7/33。Id。,1stseries,chapter9。

  7/34。“Jenner’sLegendoftheisolationoftheyoungCuckoointhenest。”

  byXavierRaspail,“Bull。delaSoc。Zool。deFrance。”1903。

  7/35。“Souvenirsentomologiques“1stseries,passim。

  7/36。Id。,4thseries,chapter14。

  7/37。Id。,1stseries,chapter7。

  7/38。Id。,2ndseries,chapter2。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER8。

  8/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques“1stseries,chapter2。

  8/2。Bergson,“l’Evolutioncréatrice。”

  8/3。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter4。

  8/4。Id。,5thseries,chapter8。

  8/5。Id。,9thseries,chapter3。

  8/6。Id。,1stseries,chapter22。

  8/7。Id。,4thseries,chapter3。

  8/8。Id。,4thseries,chapter3。

  8/9。Id。,4thand1stseries,chapter19。

  8/10。Id。,9thseries,chapter24。

  8/11。Id。,10thseries,chapter5。

  8/12。Id。,4thseries,chapter6。

  8/13。Id。,9thseries,chapter16。

  8/14。Id。,2ndseries,chapter5。

  8/15。Id。,5thseries,chapter7。

  8/16。Id。,6thseries,chapter8。

  8/17。Id。,3rdseries,chapters17,18,19and20。

  8/18。Id。,2ndseries,chapter15。

  8/19。Id。,3rdseries,chapter11。

  8/20。Emerson。

  8/21。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”4thseries,chapter9。

  8/22。Unpublishedobservations。

  8/23。“Mireille。”3rdcanto。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER9。

  9/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”8thseries,chapter21。

  9/2。“LesRavageurs。”chapter34,agriculture。

  9/3。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter12。

  9/4。Id。,1stseries,chapter2,and10thseries,chapter13。

  9/5。Id。,2ndseries,chapter17。

  9/6。Id。,7thseries,chapter20。

  9/7。Id。,2ndseries,chapter4。

  9/8。Atnovitasmundinecfrigoraduraciebat,Necnimiosaestus。

  Lucretius,“DeNaturarerum。”

  9/9。InthisconnectionseetheexcellentintroductionwrittenbyM。EdmondPerriertoserveasprefacetotheworkofM。deRomanes:“l’Intelligencedesanimaux。”

  9/10。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”8thseries,chapter20。

  9/11。ToHenryDevillario,30thMarch,1883。

  9/12。ToHenryDevillario,12thMay,1883。

  9/13。Tohisbrother,1900。

  9/14。Letterstohisbrother。

  “Iamnotsulking;farfromit……Ihavenolackofinkandpaper;Iamtoocarefulofthemtolackthem;butIdolacktime……SoyoustillthinkIamsulkingbecauseIdonotreply!Butimagine,mydearandpetulantbrother,thatforseveralweeksIhavebeenpursuing,withunequalledpersistence,someabominableconicproblemsproposedatthefellowshipexamination,andonceIhavemountedmyhobby-horse,good-byetoletters,good-byetoreplies,goodbyetoeverything。”Carpentras,27thNovember,1848。

  “Youareright,seventimesrighttostormatme,togrumbleatmysilence,andIadmit,inallcontrition,thatIamtheworstcorrespondentyoucouldfind。Toforcemyselftowritealetteristoplacemyselfontherack,aswellyouknow……Butwhydoyougetitintoyourhead,whydoyoutellme,thatIdisdainyou,thatIforgetyou,thatIignoreyou,you,mybestfriend?……Formysilenceblameonlythemultiplicityoftasks,whichoftensurpasses,notmycourage,butmystrengthandmytime。”Ajaccio,1stJune,1851。

  9/15。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter8。

  9/16。Id。,9thseries,chapter2。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER10。

  10/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter21。

  10/2。Id。,9thseries,chapter2。

  10/3。Id。,10thseries,chapter4。

  10/4。Montaigne’sEssays。

  10/5。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”8thseries,chapter17。

  10/6。“LesRavageurs。”

  10/7。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter18,and“Merveillesdel’instinct:laChenilleduchou。”

  10/8。Id。,8thseries,chapter17。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER11。

  11/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”3rdseries,chapter8。

  11/2。Id。,2ndseries,chapter14etseq。

  11/3。Id。,6thseries,chapter9。

  11/4。Id。,5thseries,chapter19。

  11/5。Tolstoy:“Allthatthehumanheartcontainsofevilshoulddisappearatthecontactofnature,thatmostimmediateexpressionofthebeautifulandthegood。”“TheInvaders。”

  11/6。The“Livred’histoires“and“Chimieagricole。”

  11/7。“OubretoProven?alo。LaBise。”

  11/8。Id。,“LeSemeur。”

  11/9。Id。,“LeCrapaud。”

  NOTESTOCHAPTER12。

  12/1。“OubretoProven?alo。LeMaréchal。”

  12/2。“OubretoProven?alo。”

  12/3。InthisconnectionseetheadmirablepassageinSainte-Beuve’s“Port-

  Royal。”Book2,chapter14。

  12/4。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”4thseries,chapter1。

  12/5。Id。,1stseries,chapter17。

  12/6。Id。,7thseries,chapter8。

  12/7。Id。,7thseries,chapter10。

  12/8。Id。,8thseries,chapter8。

  12/9。Id。,8thseries,chapter20。

  12/10。Id。,6thseries,chapter14。

  12/11。Id。,8thseries,chapter18。

  12/12。Id。,10thseries,chapter8。

  12/13。Id。,10thseries,chapter6。

  12/14。Id。,5thseries,chapter22。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER13。

  13/1。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”10thseries,chapter17。

  13/2。Id。,9thseries,chapter4,“l’Exodedesarignées“theExodusoftheSpiders,andchapter5,“l’Araignéecrabe“theCrabSpider。

  13/3。Id。,5thseries,chapter17。

  13/4。Id。,3rdseries,chapter8。

  13/5。Id。,6thseries,chapter14。

  “Oubreto。LeGrillon。”andunpublishedverses。

  13/6。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter16。

  13/7。Id。,9thseries,chapter21。

  13/8。“LesMerveillesdel’instinct:leVerluisant“MarvelsofInstinct:

  theGlow-worm。

  13/9。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter12。

  13/10。Id。,8thseries,chapter22,and9thseries,chapter11。

  13/11。Id。,5thseries,chapter18。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER14。

  14/1。GrandjeandeFouchy:eulogyofRéaumur,in“Recueilsdel’Acad。dessciences。”volume157H,page201,andPrefacetothe“LettresinéditesdeRéaumur。”byG。Musset。

  14/2。“Mémoires。”passim,andvolume2,1stmémoire。

  14/3。Id。,volume3,3rdmémoire。

  14/4。Id。,volume2,1stmémoire。

  Ch。Tellier,“LeFrigorifique“Refrigeration,storyofamoderninvention,chapter23;coldappliedtotheanimalkingdom。

  14/5。LéonDufour:“Journaldesavie。”

  SouvenirsandimpressionsoftravelinthePyreneestoGavarnie,Héas,the“Montagnesmaudites。”etc。EntomologicalexcursionsonthedunesofBiscarosseandArcachon。

  14/6。Id。,directionofentomologicalstudies。

  14/7。“Souvenirsentomologiques“2ndseries,chapter1:“L’Harmas。”

  14/8。Id。,5thseries,chapter11。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER15。

  15/1。LouisCharrasse,privateletter,20thFebruary,1912,and“LeBassinduRh?ne。”March,1911。

  15/2。“Oubreto。LeCrapaud。”

  15/3。Itwasonlyintheafternoonthathedevotedhimself,whenneedful,tomicroscopicresearches,onaccountofthebetterinclinationofthelight。

  15/4。Helostitattheendoflastspring。

  15/5。“LesServiteurs。LeCanard。”

  15/6。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”1stseries,chapter13:anascentofMontVentoux。

  15/7。ThenamegiventoChristmasinProvence。

  15/8。LouisCharrasse,privateletters。

  15/9。Id。

  15/10。1888-1892。

  15/11。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”2ndseries,chapter2。

  15/12。LouisCharrasse,privateletter。

  15/13。Lettertohisnephew,AntoninFabre,4thJanuary,1885。

  15/14。“Souvenirsentomologiques。”6thseries,chapter19。

  15/15。Id。,6thseries,chapter2。

  15/16。Id。,6thseries,chapter11。

  15/17。Conversations。

  NOTESTOCHAPTER16。

  16/1。Lettertohisbrother,4thFebruary,1900。

  16/2。Tohisbrother,18thJuly,1908。Atthistimetheeighthvolumeofhis“Souvenirs“hadjustappeared,andtheninthwasinhand。

  16/3。Id。

  16/4。“Chimieagricole。”

  16/5。Tohisbrother,10thOctober,1898。

  16/6。Privateletter,30thMarch,1908。

  16/7。Id。

  16/8。Id。

  16/9。Unpublishedexperiments。

  16/10。ToCharlesDelagrave,27thJanuary,1899。

  16/11。Tohisbrother,4thFebruary,1900。

  16/12。ThisprizewasawardedtoFabrein1899。Theamountoftheprizeis400poundssterling。ItisoneofthechiefprizesoftheInstitute。

  16/13。EdmondRostand。Privateletter,7thApril,1910:“Hisbookshavebeenmydelightduringaverylongconvalescence。”

  16/14。Thismagnificentatlas,thegemofFabre’scollections,comprisesnearly700plates,andalargebodyofexplanatoryanddescriptivematter。

  16/15。ToCharlesDelagrave,undated。

  16/16。Maeterlinck。Privateletter,17thNovember,1909。

  “Les4Chemins,“GrasseAlpes-Maritimes。

  “YouoverwhelmmewithpleasureanddomethegreatesthonourinallowingmynametobeinscribedamongthoseofthecommitteewhichproposestocelebratethejubileeofHenriFabre……HenriFabreis,indeed,oneofthechiefestandpurestgloriesthatthecivilizedworldatpresentpossesses;

  oneofthemostlearnednaturalistsandthemostwonderfulofpoetsinthemodernandtrulylegitimatesenseoftheword。IcannottellyouhowdelightedIambythechanceyouoffermeofexpressinginthiswayoneoftheprofoundestadmirationsofmylife。”

  16/17。J。Belleudy,prefectofVaucluse。Privateletter,29thSeptember,1909。

  “Itpainsmetoseesogreatamind,soeminentascientist,suchamasterofFrenchliterature,solittleknown。Twoyearsago,whentheGegnerprizewasawardedtohim,IfeltthatImustspeakofhimtocertainofthoseaboutme;andtheyhadhardlyheardhisname!“

  16/18。LettertoFrédéricMistral,4thJuly,1908。

  16/19。CouncilGeneralofVaucluse,sessionofAugust,1908。Thewordsoftherecorder,M。Lacour,mayorofOrange,to-daydeputyforVaucluse,apersonalfriendandardentadmireroftheoldmaster。

  16/20。EdmondRostand。Privateletter,20thNovember,1909。

  “Iam,sir,notonlygreatlytouched,butalsoandabovealldelightedthatyouhavethoughtofincludingmeamongthefriendswhowishtofeteHenriFabre。Thanksforhavingconsideredthatmynamewouldassistyourundertaking。The“Souvenirsentomologiques“havelongagomademeintimatewithhischarming,profound,andmovinggenius。Iowethemaninfinityofdelightfulhours。PerhapsalsoIoughttothankthemforhavingencouragedoneofmysonstopursuethevocationwhichheentered。If,inordertohonourHenriFabre,yourunthepiousriskofdisturbing,foramoment,thestudiousretreatinwhich,forsomanyyears,hehaspursuedhislifeandhiswork,itisanactofjusticetowardthisgreatscientist,whothinksasaphilosopher,seesasanartist,andfeelsandexpresseshimselfasapoet。”

  RomainRolland。Privateletter,7thJanuary,1910。

  “YoucannotimaginewhatpleasureyouhavegivenmebyrequestingmetoassociatemyselfintheglorificationofJ。H。Fabre。HeisoneoftheFrenchmenwhomImostadmire。Theimpassionedpatienceofhisingeniousobservationsdelightsmeasmuchasthemasterpiecesofart。ForyearsI

  havereadandlovedhisbooks。Duringmylastholidays,ofthreevolumesthatItravelledwithtwowerevolumesofhis“Souvenirsentomologiques。”

  Youwillhonourmeanddelightmebycountingmeasoneofyou。”

  16/21。EdmondRostand。Telegram。

  16/22。RomainRolland。

  INDEX。

  Achard,M。

  Agaricus,luminosityof。

  “AgriculturalChemistry。”

  Ajaccio,Fabreat。

  Ammophila。

  Anthidium。

  Anthophora。

  Anthrax。

  Arachneclotho。

  Arachnoids,cannibalismof。

  Audubon。

  Avignon,Fabreat。

  suggestedagronomicstationat。

  Balaninus。

  Balzac。

  Bees。

  Belleudy,M。

  Bembex。

  Bergson。

  Bernard,Claude。

  Blanchard。

  Bluefly。

  Bombyx。

  Bordone。

  Bossuet。

  Bourdon。

  Buffon。

  Buprestis。

  Calendal。

  Calendar-beetle。

  Calosomasycophanta。

  Candolle,de。

  Cannibalism。

  Cantharides。

  Cantharis,courtshipof。

  Capricornis。

  Carabidae。

  Carpentras。

  faunaof。

  Caterpillars,poisonous。

  Centipedes。

  Cerceris。

  Chalcidia。

  Chalicodoma。

  Charrasse,Louis。

  Chermes。

  CicadaCigale。

  Cicadelina。

  Cicindela。

  Cione。

  Clathrix。

  Clythris。

  Clytus。

  Cleonaopthalmica。

  Coincidenceinlifeofparasites。

  ColeopteraofAvignon。

  Conchology,Fabrestudies。

  Copris。

  Corsica。

  Courrier。

  Crickets,courtshipof。

  Crioceris。

  Cuckoo。

  Curves,propertiesof。

  Darwin,Charles,Fabreanopponentof。

  praisesFabre。

  correspondswithFabre。

  Darwin,Erasmus。

  Decticus。

  Delagrave,Charles。

  Dermestes。

  Devillario,Henry。

  Dorthesia。

  Dufour,Léon。

  Dumas。

  Dung-beetles。

  Duruy,Victor。

  sendsforFabretoattendCourt。

  fallof。

  Dyticus。

  “Earth,The。”

  Eclipseofsun。

  EducationinFrance。

  Ephippigera。

  Epe?ra。

  Emerson。

  Empusa。

  Ergatus。

  Eucera。

  Eumenes。

  Evil。

  Evolution。

  Fabre,Agla?。

  Fabre,Antoine。

  Fabre,Antonia。

  Fabre,Antonin。

  Fabre,émile。

  Fabre,Frédéric。

  Fabre,Henri。

  birthplace。

  childhood。

  boyhood。

  schooldays。

  aprimaryteacher。

  marriageandlossoffirstchild。

  professorofphysicsatAjaccio。

  professoratAvignon。

  takesupentomology。

  salary。

  poverty。

  asteacher。

  character。

  hispupils。

  goestoCourtandisdecorated。

  writestextbooksforschools。

  portraitsof。

  meetsJ。S。Mill。

  denouncedforsubversiveteaching。

  evicted。

  settlesatOrange,moneydifficultiessolvedbyMill。

  breakswiththeUniversity。

  continueshisseriesoftextbooks。

  repaysMillmoneylent。

  dismissedfromRequienMuseum。

  researchesconcerningmadder。

  leavesOrange。

  workatSérignan。

  secondmarriage。

  hisworkshop。

  methodsofwork。

  attitudetowardevolution。

  correspondswithDarwin。

  ideasastooriginofspecies。

  methodsofwork。

  comparedwithRéaumur。

  lifeatSérignan。

  loveofmusic。

  oldage。

  poverty。

  jubileecelebrated。

  Fabre,Henri,ofAvignon。

  Fabre,Jules。

  Fabre,Paul。

  Fabre,MmemotherofHenri。

  Fabre,Mme1stwife。

  Fabre,Mme2ndwife。

  Fabre,MmeAntoine。

  Favier。

  Femaleeducation。

  Frog,bellringer。

  Gadfly。

  Gegnerprize。

  Geometry,Fabre’sloveof。

  Geotrupes。

  Glow-worm。

  Goatcaterpillar。

  Goethe。

  Grasshopper。

  Halictus。

  Harmas,the。

  Heat,takesplaceoffood。

  Helixraspaillii。

  Hemerobius,curiousgarmentof。

  Horace。

  Horn-beetle。

  HorusApollo。

  Huber。

  Hugo,Victor。

  Hyper-metamorphism。

  Instinct。

  Intelligence,functionof。

  Janin,Jules。

  Jullian。

  Jussieu,de。

  LaFontaine。

  Lamarck。

  Lapalud。

  Latreille。

  Larra。

  Leibnitz。

  Leucopsis。

  Libellula。

  Linnaeus。

  Locust。

  “Log,Storyofthe。”

  Lycosa。

  Madder,Fabre’sresearchesconcerning。

  Magendie。

  Malaval。

  Mantis。

  Maquis,theCorsican。

  Marius。

  Mason-bee。

  Medicine,Fabre’sinclinationtoward。

  Megachile。

  Melo?。

  Michelet。

  Mill,J。S。

  helpsFabreindifficulties。

  deathof。

  Mill,Mrs。

  Millipedes。

  Mimicry。

  Mind,ofanimals。

  Minotaurus。

  Mistral。

  correspondswithFabre。

  Mitscherlich。

  Montyonprize。

  Moquin-Tandon。

  Mushrooms,recipeforcooking。

  NapoleonIII。

  Necrophorus。

  Number,propertiesof。

  poem。

  Odynerus。

  Oniticella。

  Onthophagus。

  Orange,Fabreat。

  Orchids,Fabreon。

  “OriginofSpecies。”

  Orthoptera,primitive。

  Osmia,controlofsex。

  courtshipof。

  Pasteur。

  Peacockmoth。

  Pelopaeus。

  Perrier,Ed。

  Philanthus。

  Phryganea。

  Pieris。

  “Plant,The。”

  Pliny。

  Poems,Fabre’s。

  Polygons,propertiesof。

  Pompilus。

  Potato。

  Processionalcaterpillar。

  Psyche。

  Rabelais。

  Raspail。

  Racine。

  Réaumur。

  comparedwithFabre。

  RequienofAvignon。

  RequienMuseum。

  Rhynchites。

  Ricard,Pierre,schoolmaster。

  Rose-beetle。

  Roumanille。

  Saint-Léons。

  Saprinidae。

  Sarcophagus。

  Scarabaeussacer。

  Scolia。

  Scolopendra。

  Scorpion。

  Sérignan。

  Fabresettlesat。

  eveningsat。

  Sicard’sportraitsofFabre。

  Silkwormmoth。

  Sisyphus。

  Sitaris。

  “Sky,The。”

  “Souvenirsentomologiques。”

  Spaeriaceae。

  Sphex。

  Spiders,aeronautic。

  Sport,Fabre’sloveof。

  Staphylinus。

  Tachina。

  Tachinarius。

  Tachytes。

  Tarantula。

  Taylor,HarriettMrs。J。S。Mill。

  Taylor,Miss。

  Terebinthlouse。

  Theophrastus。

  Thomisus。

  Tolstoy。

  Toussenel。

  Trox。

  Vanessa。

  “Vaucluse,Floraofthe。”

  Vaucluse,GeneralCouncilof,grantsFabreapension。

  Vayssières,M。

  VentouxAlp。

  banquetonthe。

  Vezins。

  Villard,MarieMmeHenriFabre。

  Virgil。

  Volucella。

  Wasps’nestinwinter。

  Weevils,sloe。

  poplar。

  acornandpoplar。

  Woodlandbug。

  Xylocopa。

  End

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