SaiththeLord:\"BecausethouhastsetthineheartastheheartofGod;
behold,thereforeIwillbringstrangersuponthee,theterribleofthenations:andtheyshalldrawtheirswordsagainstthebeautyofthywisdom,andtheyshalldefilethybrightness。Theyshallbringtheedowntothepit。\"\"Iwilldestroythee,Ocoveringcherub,fromthemidstofthestonesoffire……Iwillcasttheetotheground,Iwilllaytheebeforekings,thattheymaybeholdthee……Iwillbringtheetoashesupontheearthinthesightofallthemthatbeholdthee……Thoushaltbeaterror,andnevershaltthoubeanymore。\"Ezekiel28:6-8,16-19。
\"Everybattleofthewarrioriswithconfusednoise,andgarmentsrolledinblood;butthisshallbewithburningandfueloffire。\"\"TheindignationoftheLordisuponallnations,andHisfuryuponalltheirarmies:Hehathutterlydestroyedthem,Hehathdeliveredthemtotheslaughter。\"\"UponthewickedHeshallrainquickburningcoals,fireandbrimstoneandanhorribletempest:thisshallbetheportionoftheircup。\"Isaiah9:5;34:2;Psalm11:6,margin。FirecomesdownfromGodoutofheaven。Theearthisbrokenup。Theweaponsconcealedinitsdepthsaredrawnforth。Devouringflamesburstfromeveryyawningchasm。Theveryrocksareonfire。Thedayhascomethatshallburnasanoven。Theelementsmeltwithferventheat,theearthalso,andtheworksthatarethereinareburnedup。Malachi4:1;2Peter3:10。Theearth’ssurfaceseemsonemoltenmass——avast,seething673
lakeoffire。Itisthetimeofthejudgmentandperditionofungodlymen——\"thedayoftheLord’svengeance,andtheyearofrecompensesforthecontroversyofZion。\"Isaiah34:8。
Thewickedreceivetheirrecompenseintheearth。Proverbs11:31。They\"shallbestubble:andthedaythatcomethshallburnthemup,saiththeLordofhosts。\"Malachi4:1。Somearedestroyedasinamoment,whileotherssuffermanydays。Allarepunished\"accordingtotheirdeeds。\"ThesinsoftherighteoushavingbeentransferredtoSatan,heismadetosuffernotonlyforhisownrebellion,butforallthesinswhichhehascausedGod’speopletocommit。Hispunishmentistobefargreaterthanthatofthosewhomhehasdeceived。Afterallhaveperishedwhofellbyhisdeceptions,heisstilltoliveandsufferon。Inthecleansingflamesthewickedareatlastdestroyed,rootandbranch——Satantheroot,hisfollowersthebranches。
Thefullpenaltyofthelawhasbeenvisited;thedemandsofjusticehavebeenmet;andheavenandearth,beholding,declaretherighteousnessofJehovah。
Satan’sworkofruinisforeverended。Forsixthousandyearshehaswroughthiswill,fillingtheearthwithwoeandcausinggriefthroughouttheuniverse。Thewholecreationhasgroanedandtravailedtogetherinpain。NowGod’screaturesareforeverdeliveredfromhispresenceandtemptations。
\"Thewholeearthisatrest,andisquiet:they[therighteous]breakforthintosinging。\"Isaiah14:7。Andashoutofpraiseandtriumphascendsfromthewholeloyaluniverse。\"Thevoiceofagreatmultitude,\"\"asthevoiceofmanywaters,andasthevoiceofmightythunderings,\"isheard,saying:
\"Alleluia:fortheLordGodomnipotentreigneth。\"Revelation19:6。
Whiletheearthwaswrappedinthefireofdestruction,therighteousabodesafelyintheHolyCity。Uponthosethathadpartinthefirstresurrection,theseconddeathhasnopower。WhileGodistothewickedaconsumingfire,HeistoHispeoplebothasunandashield。Revelation20:6;Psalm84:11。
674
\"Isawanewheavenandanewearth:forthefirstheavenandthefirstearthwerepassedaway。\"Revelation21:1。Thefirethatconsumesthewickedpurifiestheearth。Everytraceofthecurseissweptaway。Noeternallyburninghellwillkeepbeforetheransomedthefearfulconsequencesofsin。
Onereminderaloneremains:OurRedeemerwilleverbearthemarksofHiscrucifixion。UponHiswoundedhead,uponHisside,Hishandsandfeet,aretheonlytracesofthecruelworkthatsinhaswrought。Saystheprophet,beholdingChristinHisglory:\"HehadbrightbeamscomingoutofHisside:
andtherewasthehidingofHispower。\"Habakkuk3:4,margin。ThatpiercedsidewhenceflowedthecrimsonstreamthatreconciledmantoGod——thereistheSaviour’sglory,there\"thehidingofHispower。\"\"Mightytosave,\"
throughthesacrificeofredemption,HewasthereforestrongtoexecutejusticeuponthemthatdespisedGod’smercy。AndthetokensofHishumiliationareHishighesthonor;throughtheeternalagesthewoundsofCalvarywillshowforthHispraiseanddeclareHispower。
\"OToweroftheflock,thestrongholdofthedaughterofZion,untoTheeshallitcome,eventhefirstdominion。\"Micah4:8。ThetimehascometowhichholymenhavelookedwithlongingsincetheflamingswordbarredthefirstpairfromEden,thetimefor\"theredemptionofthepurchasedpossession。\"Ephesians1:14。Theearthoriginallygiventomanashiskingdom,betrayedbyhimintothehandsofSatan,andsolongheldbythemightyfoe,hasbeenbroughtbackbythegreatplanofredemption。Allthatwaslostbysinhasbeenrestored。\"ThussaiththeLord……thatformedtheearthandmadeit;Hehathestablishedit,Hecreateditnotinvain,Heformedittobeinhabited。\"Isaiah45:18。God’soriginalpurposeinthecreationoftheearthisfulfilledasitismadetheeternalabodeoftheredeemed。\"Therighteousshallinherittheland,anddwellthereinforever。\"
Psalm37:29。
Afearofmakingthefutureinheritanceseemtoomaterial675
hasledmanytospiritualizeawaytheverytruthswhichleadustolookuponitasourhome。ChristassuredHisdisciplesthatHewenttopreparemansionsforthemintheFather’shouse。ThosewhoaccepttheteachingsofGod’swordwillnotbewhollyignorantconcerningtheheavenlyabode。Andyet,\"eyehathnotseen,norearheard,neitherhaveenteredintotheheartofman,thethingswhichGodhathpreparedforthemthatloveHim。\"1
Corinthians2:9。Humanlanguageisinadequatetodescribetherewardoftherighteous。Itwillbeknownonlytothosewhobeholdit。NofinitemindcancomprehendthegloryoftheParadiseofGod。
IntheBibletheinheritanceofthesavediscalled\"acountry。\"Hebrews11:14-16。TheretheheavenlyShepherdleadsHisflocktofountainsoflivingwaters。Thetreeoflifeyieldsitsfruiteverymonth,andtheleavesofthetreearefortheserviceofthenations。Thereareever-flowingstreams,clearascrystal,andbesidethemwavingtreescasttheirshadowsuponthepathspreparedfortheransomedoftheLord。Therethewide-spreadingplainsswellintohillsofbeauty,andthemountainsofGodreartheirloftysummits。Onthosepeacefulplains,besidethoselivingstreams,God’speople,solongpilgrimsandwanderers,shallfindahome。
\"Mypeopleshalldwellinapeaceablehabitation,andinsuredwellings,andinquietrestingplaces。\"\"Violenceshallnomorebeheardinthyland,wastingnordestructionwithinthyborders;butthoushaltcallthywallsSalvation,andthygatesPraise。\"\"Theyshallbuildhouses,andinhabitthem;andtheyshallplantvineyards,andeatthefruitofthem。Theyshallnotbuild,andanotherinhabit;theyshallnotplant,andanothereat:……
Mineelectshalllongenjoytheworkoftheirhands。\"Isaiah32:18;60:18;
65:21,22。
There,\"thewildernessandthesolitaryplaceshallbegladforthem;andthedesertshallrejoice,andblossomastherose。\"\"Insteadofthethornshallcomeupthefirtree,andinsteadofthebriershallcomeupthemyrtletree。\"\"Thewolfalsoshalldwellwiththelamb,andtheleopardshall676
liedownwiththekid;……andalittlechildshallleadthem。\"\"TheyshallnothurtnordestroyinallMyholymountain,\"saiththeLord。Isaiah35:1;55:13;11:6,9。
Paincannotexistintheatmosphereofheaven。Therewillbenomoretears,nofuneraltrains,nobadgesofmourning。\"Thereshallbenomoredeath,neithersorrow,norcrying:……fortheformerthingsarepassedaway。\"
\"Theinhabitantshallnotsay,Iamsick:thepeoplethatdwellthereinshallbeforgiventheiriniquity。\"Revelation21:4;Isaiah33:24。
ThereistheNewJerusalem,themetropolisoftheglorifiednewearth,\"acrownofgloryinthehandoftheLord,andaroyaldiademinthehandofthyGod。\"\"Herlightwaslikeuntoastonemostprecious,evenlikeajasperstone,clearascrystal。\"\"Thenationsofthemwhicharesavedshallwalkinthelightofit:andthekingsoftheearthdobringtheirgloryandhonorintoit。\"SaiththeLord:\"IwillrejoiceinJerusalem,andjoyinMypeople。\"\"ThetabernacleofGodiswithmen,andHewilldwellwiththem,andtheyshallbeHispeople,andGodHimselfshallbewiththem,andbetheirGod。\"Isaiah62:3;Revelation21:11,24;Isaiah65:19;Revelation21:3。
IntheCityofGod\"thereshallbenonight。\"Nonewillneedordesirerepose。TherewillbenowearinessindoingthewillofGodandofferingpraisetoHisname。Weshalleverfeelthefreshnessofthemorningandshalleverbefarfromitsclose。\"Andtheyneednocandle,neitherlightofthesun;fortheLordGodgiveththemlight。\"Revelation22:5。Thelightofthesunwillbesupersededbyaradiancewhichisnotpainfullydazzling,yetwhichimmeasurablysurpassesthebrightnessofournoontide。ThegloryofGodandtheLambfloodstheHolyCitywithunfadinglight。Theredeemedwalkinthesunlessgloryofperpetualday。
\"Isawnotempletherein:fortheLordGodAlmightyandtheLambarethetempleofit。\"Revelation21:22。ThepeopleofGodareprivilegedtoholdopencommunionwiththeFatherandtheSon。\"Nowweseethroughaglass,darkly。\"。PG677
677
1Corinthians13:12。WebeholdtheimageofGodreflected,asinamirror,intheworksofnatureandinHisdealingswithmen;butthenweshallseeHimfacetoface,withoutadimmingveilbetween。WeshallstandinHispresenceandbeholdthegloryofHiscountenance。
Theretheredeemedshallknow,evenasalsotheyareknown。ThelovesandsympathieswhichGodHimselfhasplantedinthesoulshalltherefindtruestandsweetestexercise。Thepurecommunionwithholybeings,theharmonioussociallifewiththeblessedangelsandwiththefaithfulonesofallageswhohavewashedtheirrobesandmadethemwhiteinthebloodoftheLamb,thesacredtiesthatbindtogether\"thewholefamilyinheavenandearth\"
Ephesians3:15——thesehelptoconstitutethehappinessoftheredeemed。
There,immortalmindswillcontemplatewithnever-failingdelightthewondersofcreativepower,themysteriesofredeeminglove。Therewillbenocruel,deceivingfoetotempttoforgetfulnessofGod。Everyfacultywillbedeveloped,everycapacityincreased。Theacquirementofknowledgewillnotwearythemindorexhausttheenergies。Therethegrandestenterprisesmaybecarriedforward,theloftiestaspirationsreached,thehighestambitionsrealized;andstilltherewillarisenewheightstosurmount,newwonderstoadmire,newtruthstocomprehend,freshobjectstocallforththepowersofmindandsoulandbody。
AllthetreasuresoftheuniversewillbeopentothestudyofGod’sredeemed。Unfetteredbymortality,theywingtheirtirelessflighttoworldsafar——worldsthatthrilledwithsorrowatthespectacleofhumanwoeandrangwithsongsofgladnessatthetidingsofaransomedsoul。Withunutterabledelightthechildrenofearthenterintothejoyandthewisdomofunfallenbeings。TheysharethetreasuresofknowledgeandunderstandinggainedthroughagesuponagesincontemplationofGod’shandiwork。Withundimmedvisiontheygazeuponthegloryofcreation——sunsandstarsandsystems,allintheirappointedordercirclingthethrone678
ofDeity。Uponallthings,fromtheleasttothegreatest,theCreator’snameiswritten,andinallaretherichesofHispowerdisplayed。
Andtheyearsofeternity,astheyroll,willbringricherandstillmoregloriousrevelationsofGodandofChrist。Asknowledgeisprogressive,sowilllove,reverence,andhappinessincrease。ThemoremenlearnofGod,thegreaterwillbetheiradmirationofHischaracter。AsJesusopensbeforethemtherichesofredemptionandtheamazingachievementsinthegreatcontroversywithSatan,theheartsoftheransomedthrillwithmoreferventdevotion,andwithmorerapturousjoytheysweeptheharpsofgold;andtenthousandtimestenthousandandthousandsofthousandsofvoicesunitetoswellthemightychorusofpraise。
\"Andeverycreaturewhichisinheaven,andontheearth,andundertheearth,andsuchasareinthesea,andallthatareinthem,heardIsaying,Blessing,andhonor,andglory,andpower,beuntoHimthatsittethuponthethrone,anduntotheLambforeverandever。\"Revelation5:13。
Thegreatcontroversyisended。Sinandsinnersarenomore。Theentireuniverseisclean。Onepulseofharmonyandgladnessbeatsthroughthevastcreation。FromHimwhocreatedall,flowlifeandlightandgladness,throughouttherealmsofillimitablespace。Fromtheminutestatomtothegreatestworld,allthings,animateandinanimate,intheirunshadowedbeautyandperfectjoy,declarethatGodislove。
679
APPENDIX
GENERALNOTES
REVISIONSADOPTEDBYTHEE。G。WHITETRUSTEESNOVEMBER19,1956,ANDDECEMBER6,1979
PAGE50。TITLES——INAPASSAGEWHICHISINCLUDEDINTHEROMANCATHOLICCANON
LAW,ORCORPUSJURISCANONICI,POPEINNOCENTIIIDECLARESTHATTHEROMAN
PONTIFFIS\"THEVICEGERENTUPONEARTH,NOTOFAMEREMAN,BUTOFVERYGOD;\"
ANDINAGLOSSONTHEPASSAGEITISEXPLAINEDTHATTHISISBECAUSEHEISTHE
VICEGERENTOFCHRIST,WHOIS\"VERYGODANDVERYMAN。\"SEEDECRETALESDOMINI
GREGORIIPAPAEIXDECRETALSOFTHELORDPOPEGREGORYIX,LIBER1,DE
TRANSLATIONEEPISCOPORUM,ONTHETRANSFERENCEOFBISHOPS,TITLE7,CH。3;
CORPUSJURISCANONICI2DLEIPZIGED。,1881,COL。99;PARIS,1612,TOM。
2,DECRETALES,COL。205。THEDOCUMENTSWHICHFORMEDTHEDECRETALSWERE
GATHEREDBYGRATIAN,WHOWASTEACHINGATTHEUNIVERSITYOFBOLOGNAABOUTTHE
YEAR1140。HISWORKWASADDEDTOANDRE-EDITEDBYPOPEGREGORYIXINAN
EDITIONISSUEDIN1234。OTHERDOCUMENTSAPPEAREDINSUCCEEDINGYEARSFROM
TIMETOTIMEINCLUDINGTHEEXTRAVAGANTES,ADDEDTOWARDTHECLOSEOFTHE
FIFTEENTHCENTURY,ALLOFTHESE,WITHGRATIAN’SDECRETUM,WEREPUBLISHEDAS
THECORPUSJURISCANONICIIN1582。POPEPIUSXAUTHORIZEDTHECODIFICATION
INCANONLAWIN1904,ANDTHERESULTINGCODEBECAMEEFFECTIVEIN1918。
FORTHETITLE\"LORDGODTHEPOPE\"SEEAGLOSSONTHEEXTRAVAGANTESOFPOPE
JOHNXXII,TITLE14,CH。4,DECLARAMUS。INANANTWERPEDITIONOFTHE
EXTRAVAGANTES,DATED1584,THEWORDS\"DOMINUMDEUMNOSTRUMPAPAM\"\"OURLORD
GODTHEPOPE\"OCCURINCOLUMN153。INAPARISEDITION,DATED1612,THEY
OCCURINCOLUMN140。INSEVERALEDITIONSPUBLISHEDSINCE1612THEWORD
\"DEUM\"\"GOD\"HASBEENOMITTED。
PAGE50。INFALLIBILITY——ONTHEDOCTRINEOFINFALLIBILITYASSETFORTHAT
THEVATICANCOUNCILOF1870-71,SEEPHILIPSCHAFF,THECREEDSOF
CHRISTENDOM,VOL。2,DOGMATICDECREESOFTHEVATICANCOUNCIL,PP。234-271,WHEREBOTHTHELATINANDTHEENGLISHTEXTSAREGIVEN。FORDISCUSSIONSEE,FORTHEROMANCATHOLICVIEW,THECATHOLICENCYCLOPEDIA,VOL。7,ART。
\"INFALLIBILITY,\"BYPATRICKJ。TONER,P。790FF。;JAMESCARDINALGIBBONS,THEFAITHOFOURFATHERSBALTIMORE:JOHNMURPHYCOMPANY,110THED。,1917,CHS。7,11。FORROMANCATHOLICOPPOSITIONTOTHEDOCTRINEOFPAPAL
INFALLIBILITY,SEEJOHANNJOSEPHIGNAZVONDOLLINGERPSEUDONYM\"JANUS\"THE
POPEANDTHECOUNCILNEWYORK:CHARLESSCRIBNER’SSONS,1869;ANDW。J。
SPARROWSIMPSON,ROMANCATHOLICOPPOSITIONTOPAPALINFALLIBILITYLONDON:
JOHNMURRAY,1909。FORTHENON-ROMANVIEW,SEEGEORGESALMON,INFALLIBILITY
OFTHECHURCHLONDON:JOHNMURRAY,REV。ED。,1914。
680
THEGREATCONTROVERSY
PAGE52。IMAGEWORSHIP——\"THEWORSHIPOFIMAGES……WASONEOFTHOSE
CORRUPTIONSOFCHRISTIANITYWHICHCREPTINTOTHECHURCHSTEALTHILYAND
ALMOSTWITHOUTNOTICEOROBSERVATION。THISCORRUPTIONDIDNOT,LIKEOTHER
HERESIES,DEVELOPITSELFATONCE,FORINTHATCASEITWOULDHAVEMETWITH
DECIDEDCENSUREANDREBUKE:BUT,MAKINGITSCOMMENCEMENTUNDERAFAIR
DISGUISE,SOGRADUALLYWASONEPRACTICEAFTERANOTHERINTRODUCEDIN
CONNECTIONWITHIT,THATTHECHURCHHADBECOMEDEEPLYSTEEPEDINPRACTICAL
IDOLATRY,NOTONLYWITHOUTANYEFFICIENTOPPOSITION,BUTALMOSTWITHOUTANY
DECIDEDREMONSTRANCE;ANDWHENATLENGTHANENDEAVORWASMADETOROOTIT
OUT,THEEVILWASFOUNDTOODEEPLYFIXEDTOADMITOFREMOVAL……ITMUST
BETRACEDTOTHEIDOLATROUSTENDENCYOFTHEHUMANHEART,ANDITSPROPENSITY
TOSERVETHECREATUREMORETHANTHECREATOR……
\"IMAGESANDPICTURESWEREFIRSTINTRODUCEDINTOCHURCHES,NOTTOBE
WORSHIPED,BUTEITHERINTHEPLACEOFBOOKSTOGIVEINSTRUCTIONTOTHOSEWHO
COULDNOTREAD,ORTOEXCITEDEVOTIONINTHEMINDSOFOTHERS。HOWFARTHEY
EVERANSWEREDSUCHAPURPOSEISDOUBTFUL;BUT,EVENGRANTINGTHATTHISWAS
THECASEFORATIME,ITSOONCEASEDTOBESO,ANDITWASFOUNDTHATPICTURES
ANDIMAGESBROUGHTINTOCHURCHESDARKENEDRATHERTHANENLIGHTENEDTHEMINDS
OFTHEIGNORANT——DEGRADEDRATHERTHANEXALTEDTHEDEVOTIONOFTHEWORSHIPER。
SOTHAT,HOWEVERTHEYMIGHTHAVEBEENINTENDEDTODIRECTMEN’SMINDSTOGOD,THEYENDEDINTURNINGTHEMFROMHIMTOTHEWORSHIPOFCREATEDTHINGS。\"——J。
MENDHAM,THESEVENTHGENERALCOUNCIL,THESECONDOFNICAEA,INTRODUCTION,PAGESIII-VI。
FORARECORDOFTHEPROCEEDINGSANDDECISIONSOFTHESECONDCOUNCILOF
NICAEA,A。D。787,CALLEDTOESTABLISHTHEWORSHIPOFIMAGES,SEEBARONIUS,ECCLESIASTICALANNALS,VOL。9,PP。391-407ANTWERP,1612;J。MENDHAM,THE
SEVENTHGENERALCOUNCIL,THESECONDOFNICAEA;ED。STILLINGFLEET,DEFENSEOF
THEDISCOURSECONCERNINGTHEIDOLATRYPRACTICEDINTHECHURCHOFROME
LONDON,1686;ASELECTLIBRARYOFNICENEANDPOST-NICENEFATHERS,2D
SERIES,VOL。14,PP。521-587NEWYORK,1900;CHARLESJ。HEFELE,AHISTORY
OFTHECOUNCILSOFTHECHURCH,FROMTHEORIGINALDOCUMENTS,B。18,CH。1,SECS。332,333;CH。2,SECS。
345-352T。ANDT。CLARKED。,1896,VOL。5,PP。260-304,342-372。
PAGE53。THESUNDAYLAWOFCONSTANTINE——THELAWISSUEDBYTHEEMPEROR
CONSTANTINEONTHESEVENTHOFMARCH,A。D。321,REGARDINGADAYOFRESTFROM
LABOR,READSTHUS:
\"ALLJUDGESANDCITYPEOPLEANDTHECRAFTSMENSHALLRESTUPONTHEVENERABLE
DAYOFTHESUN。COUNTRYPEOPLE,HOWEVER,MAYFREELYATTENDTOTHE
CULTIVATIONOFTHEFIELDS,BECAUSEITFREQUENTLYHAPPENSTHATNOOTHERDAYS
AREBETTERADAPTEDFORPLANTINGTHEGRAININTHEFURROWSORTHEVINESIN
TRENCHES。SOTHATTHEADVANTAGEGIVENBYHEAVENLYPROVIDENCEMAYNOTFORTHE
OCCASIONOFASHORTTIMEPERISH。\"——JOSEPHCULLENAYER,ASOURCEBOOKFOR
ANCIENTCHURCHHISTORYNEWYORK:CHARLESSCRIBNER’SSONS,1913,DIV。2,PER。1,CH。1,SEC。59,G,PP。284,285。
THELATINORIGINALISINTHECODEXJUSTINIANICODEXOFJUSTINIAN,LIB。3,681
TITLE12,LEX。3。THELAWISGIVENINLATINANDINENGLISHTRANSLATIONIN
PHILIPSCHAFF’SHISTORYOFTHECHRISTIANCHURCH,VOL。3,3DPERIOD,CH。7,SEC。75,P。380,FOOTNOTE1;ANDINJAMESA。HESSEY’SBAMPTONLECTURES,SUNDAY,LECTURE3,PAR。1,3DED。,MURRAY’SPRINTINGOF1866,P。58。SEE
DISCUSSIONINSCHAFF,ASABOVEREFERREDTO;INALBERTHENRYNEWMAN,AMANUAL
OFCHURCHHISTORYPHILADELPHIA:THEAMERICANBAPTISTPUBLICATIONSOCIETY,PRINTINGOF1933,REV。ED。,VOL。1,PP。
305-307;ANDINLEROYE。FROOM,THEPROPHETICFAITHOFOURFATHERS
WASHINGTON,D。C。:REVIEWANDHERALDPUBLISHINGASSN。,1950,VOL。1,PP
376-381。
PAGE54。PROPHETICDATES——ANIMPORTANTPRINCIPLEINPROPHETIC
INTERPRETATIONINCONNECTIONWITHTIMEPROPHECIESISTHEYEAR-DAYPRINCIPLE,UNDERWHICHADAYOFPROPHETICTIMEISCOUNTEDASACALENDARYEAROF
HISTORICTIME。BEFORETHEISRAELITESENTEREDTHELANDOFCANAANTHEYSENT
TWELVESPIESAHEADTOINVESTIGATE。THESPIESWEREGONEFORTYDAYS,ANDUPON
THEIRRETURNTHEHEBREWS,FRIGHTENEDATTHEIRREPORT,REFUSEDTOGOUPAND
OCCUPYTHEPROMISEDLAND。THERESULTWASASENTENCETHELORDPASSEDUPON
THEM:\"AFTERTHENUMBEROFTHEDAYSINWHICHYESEARCHEDTHELAND,EVEN
FORTYDAYS,EACHDAYFORAYEAR,SHALLYEBEARYOURINIQUITIES,EVENFORTY
YEARS。\"NUMBERS14:34。ASIMILARMETHODOFCOMPUTINGFUTURETIMEIS
INDICATEDTHROUGHTHEPROPHETEZEKIEL。FORTYYEARSOFPUNISHMENTFOR
INIQUITIESAWAITEDTHEKINGDOMOFJUDAH。THELORDSAIDTHROUGHTHEPROPHET:
\"LIEAGAINONTHYRIGHTSIDE,ANDTHOUSHALTBEARTHEINIQUITYOFTHEHOUSE
OFJUDAHFORTYDAYS:IHAVEAPPOINTEDTHEEEACHDAYFORAYEAR。\"EZEKIEL
4:6。THISYEAR-DAYPRINCIPLEHASANIMPORTANTAPPLICATIONININTERPRETING
THETIMEOFTHEPROPHECYOFTHE\"TWOTHOUSANDANDTHREEHUNDREDEVENINGSAND
MORNINGS\"DANIEL8:14,R。V。ANDTHE
1260-DAYPERIOD,VARIOUSLYINDICATEDAS\"ATIMEANDTIMESANDTHEDIVIDING
OFTIME\"DANIEL7:25,THE\"FORTYANDTWOMONTHS\"REVELATION11:2;13:5,ANDTHE\"THOUSANDTWOHUNDREDANDTHREESCOREDAYS\"REVELATION11:3;12:6。
PAGE56。FORGEDWRITINGS——AMONGTHEDOCUMENTSTHATATTHEPRESENTTIMEARE
GENERALLYADMITTEDTOBEFORGERIES,THEDONATIONOFCONSTANTINEANDTHE
PSEUDO-ISIDORIANDECRETALSAREOFPRIMARYIMPORTANCE。\"THE’DONATIONOF
CONSTANTINE’ISTHENAMETRADITIONALLYAPPLIED,SINCETHELATERMIDDLEAGES,TOADOCUMENTPURPORTINGTOHAVEBEENADDRESSEDBYCONSTANTINETHEGREATTO
POPESYLVESTERI,WHICHISFOUNDFIRSTINAPARISIANMANUSCRIPTCODEXLAT。
2777OFPROBABLYTHEBEGINNINGOFTHENINTHCENTURY。SINCETHEELEVENTH
CENTURYITHASBEENUSEDASAPOWERFULARGUMENTINFAVOROFTHEPAPAL
CLAIMS,ANDCONSEQUENTLYSINCETHETWELFTHITHASBEENTHESUBJECTOFA
VIGOROUSCONTROVERSY。ATTHESAMETIME,BYRENDERINGITPOSSIBLETOREGARD
THEPAPACYASAMIDDLETERMBETWEENTHEORIGINALANDTHEMEDIEVALROMAN
EMPIRE,ANDTHUSTOFORMATHEORETICALBASISOFCONTINUITYFORTHERECEPTION
OFTHEROMANLAWINTHEMIDDLEAGES,ITHASHADNOSMALLINFLUENCEUPON
SECULARHISTORY。\"——THENEW
682
SCHAFF-HERZOGENCYCLOPEDIAOFRELIGIOUSKNOWLEDGE,VOL。3,ART。\"DONATIONOF
CONSTANTINE,\"PP。484,485。
THEHISTORICALTHEORYDEVELOPEDINTHE\"DONATION\"ISFULLYDISCUSSEDIN
HENRYE。CARDINALMANNING’STHETEMPORALPOWEROFTHEVICAROFJESUSCHRIST,LONDON,1862。THEARGUMENTSOFTHE\"DONATION\"WEREOFASCHOLASTICTYPE,AND
THEPOSSIBILITYOFAFORGERYWASNOTMENTIONEDUNTILTHERISEOFHISTORICAL
CRITICISMINTHEFIFTEENTHCENTURY。NICHOLASOFCUSAWASAMONGTHEFIRSTTO
CONCLUDETHATCONSTANTINENEVERMADEANYSUCHDONATION。LORENZAVALLAIN
ITALYGAVEABRILLIANTDEMONSTRATIONOFITSSPURIOUSNESSIN1450。SEE
CHRISTOPHERB。COLEMAN’STREATISEOFLORENZOVALLAONTHEDONATIONOF
CONSTANTINENEWYORK,1927。FORACENTURYLONGER,HOWEVER,THEBELIEFIN
THEAUTHENTICITYOFTHE\"DONATION\"ANDOFTHEFALSEDECRETALSWASKEPT
ALIVE。FOREXAMPLE,MARTINLUTHERATFIRSTACCEPTEDTHEDECRETALS,BUTHE
SOONSAIDTOECK:\"IIMPUGNTHESEDECRETALS;\"ANDTOSPALATIN:\"HE[THE
POPE]DOESINHISDECRETALSCORRUPTANDCRUCIFYCHRIST,THATIS,THETRUTH。\"
ITISDEEMEDESTABLISHEDTHATTHE\"DONATION\"IS1AFORGERY,2THEWORK
OFONEMANORPERIOD,3THEFORGERHASMADEUSEOFOLDERDOCUMENTS,4
THEFORGERYORIGINATEDAROUND752AND778。ASFORTHECATHOLICS,THEY
ABANDONEDTHEDEFENSEOFTHEAUTHENTICITYOFTHEDOCUMENTWITHBARONIUS,ECCLESIASTICALANNALS,IN1592。CONSULTFORTHEBESTTEXT,K。ZEUMER,INTHE
FESTGABEFURRUDOLFVONGNEISTBERLIN,1888。TRANSLATEDINCOLEMAN’S
TREATISE,REFERREDTOABOVE,ANDINERNESTF。HENDERSON,SELECTHISTORICAL
DOCUMENTSOFTHEMIDDLEAGESNEWYORK,1892,P。
319;BRIEFWECHSELWEIMARED。,PP。141,161。SEEALSOTHENEW
SCHAFF-HERZOGENCYCLOPEDIAOFRELIGIOUSKNOWLEDGE1950,VOL。3,P。
484;F。GREGOROVIUS,ROMEINTHEMIDDLEAGES,VOL。2,P。329;AND
JOHANNJOSEPHIGNAZVONDOLLINGER,FABLESRESPECTINGTHEPOPESOFTHEMIDDLE
AGESLONDON,1871。
THE\"FALSEWRITINGS\"REFERREDTOINTHETEXTINCLUDEALSOTHE
PSEUDO-ISIDORIANDECRETALS,TOGETHERWITHOTHERFORGERIES。THE
PSEUDO-ISIDORIANDECRETALSARECERTAINFICTITIOUSLETTERSASCRIBEDTOEARLY
POPESFROMCLEMENTA。D。100TOGREGORYTHEGREATA。D。600,INCORPORATED
INANINTHCENTURYCOLLECTIONPURPORTINGTOHAVEBEENMADEBY\"ISIDORE
MERCATOR。\"THENAME\"PSEUDO-ISIDORIANDECRETALS\"HASBEENINUSESINCETHE
ADVENTOFCRITICISMINTHEFIFTEENTHCENTURY。
PSEUDO-ISIDORETOOKASTHEBASISOFHISFORGERIESACOLLECTIONOFVALID
CANONSCALLEDTHEHISPANAGALLICAAUGUSTODUNENSIS,THUSLESSENINGTHEDANGER
OFDETECTION,SINCECOLLECTIONSOFCANONSWERECOMMONLYMADEBYADDINGNEW
MATTERTOOLD。THUSHISFORGERIESWERELESSAPPARENTWHENINCORPORATEDWITH
GENUINEMATERIAL。THEFALSITYOFTHEPSEUDO-ISIDORIANFABRICATIONSISNOW
INCONTESTABLYADMITTED,BEINGPROVEDBYINTERNALEVIDENCE,INVESTIGATIONOF
THESOURCES,THEMETHODSUSED,ANDTHEFACTTHATTHISMATERIALWASUNKNOWN
BEFORE852。HISTORIANSAGREETHAT
850OR851ISTHEMOSTPROBABLEDATEFORTHECOMPLETIONOFTHECOLLECTION,SINCETHEDOCUMENTISFIRSTCITEDINTHEADMONITIOOFTHECAPITULARYOF
QUIERCY,IN857。
THEAUTHOROFTHESEFORGERIESISNOTKNOWN。ITISPROBABLETHATTHEY
683
EMANATEDFROMTHEAGGRESSIVENEWCHURCHPARTYWHICHFORMEDINTHENINTH
CENTURYATRHEIMS,FRANCE。ITISAGREEDTHATBISHOPHINCMAROFRHEIMSUSED
THESEDECRETALSINHISDEPOSITIONOFROTHADOFSOISSONS,WHOBROUGHTTHE
DECRETALSTOROMEIN864ANDLAIDTHEMBEFOREPOPENICHOLASI。
AMONGTHOSEWHOCHALLENGEDTHEIRAUTHENTICITYWERENICHOLASOFCUSA
1401-1464,CHARLESDUMOULIN1500-1566,ANDGEORGECASSENDER1513-
1564。THEIRREFUTABLEPROOFOFTHEIRFALSITYWASCONVEYEDBYDAVIDBLONDEL,1628。
ANEARLYEDITIONISGIVENINMIGNEPATROLGIALATINA,CXXX。FORTHEOLDEST
ANDBESTMANUSCRIPT,SEEP。HINSCHIUS,DECRETALESPSEUDO-ISIDORIANIAEAT
CAPITULAANGILRAMNILEIPZIG,1863。CONSULTTHENEWSCHAFF-HERZOG
ENCYCLOPEDIAOFRELIGIOUSKNOWLEDGE1950,VOL。9,PP。343-345。SEEALSOH。
H。MILMAN,LATINCHRISTIANITYVOLS。,VOL。3;JOHANNJOSEPHIGNAZVON
DOLLINGER,THEPOPEANDTHECOUNCIL1869;ANDKENNETHSCOTTLATOURETTE,A
HISTORYOFTHEEXPANSIONOFCHRISTIANITY1939,VOL。3;THECATHOLIC
ENCYCLOPEDIA,VOL。5,ART。\"FALSEDECRETALS,\"ANDFOURNIER,\"ETUDESSURELES
FAUSSESDECRETALS,\"INREVUED’HISTORIQUEECCLESIASTIQUELOUVAINVOL。7
1906,ANDVOL。81907。
PAGE57。THEDICTATEOFHILDEBRANDGREGORYVII——FORTHEORIGINALLATIN
VERSIONSEEBARONIUS,ANNALESECCLESIASTICI,ANN。1076,VOL。
17,PP。405,406OFTHEPARISPRINTINGOF1869;ANDTHEMONUMENTA
GERMANIAEHISTORICASELECTA,VOL。3,P。17。FORANENGLISHTRANSLATIONSEE
FREDERICA。OGG,SOURCEBOOKOFMEDIEVALHISTORYNEWYORK:AMERICANBOOK
CO。,1907,CH。6,SEC。45,PP。262-264;ANDOLIVERJ。THATCHERANDEDGARH。
MCNEAL,SOURCEBOOKFORMEDIEVALHISTORYNEWYORK:CHARLESSCRIBNER’SSONS,1905,SEC。3,ITEM65,PP。136-139。
FORADISCUSSIONOFTHEBACKGROUNDOFTHEDICTATE,SEEJAMESBRYCE,THEHOLY
ROMANEMPIRE,REV。ED。,CH。10;ANDJAMESW。THOMPSONANDEDGARN。JOHNSON,ANINTRODUCTIONTOMEDIEVALEUROPE,300-1500,PAGES377-380。
PAGE59。PURGATORY——DR。JOSEPHFAADIBRUNOTHUSDEFINESPURGATORY:
\"PURGATORYISASTATEOFSUFFERINGAFTERTHISLIFE,INWHICHTHOSESOULSARE
FORATIMEDETAINED,WHODEPARTTHISLIFEAFTERTHEIRDEADLYSINSHAVEBEEN
REMITTEDASTOTHESTAINANDGUILT,ANDASTOTHEEVERLASTINGPAINTHATWAS
DUETOTHEM;BUTWHOHAVEONACCOUNTOFTHOSESINSSTILLSOMEDEBTOF
TEMPORALPUNISHMENTTOPAY;ASALSOTHOSESOULSWHICHLEAVETHISWORLD
GUILTYONLYOFVENIALSINS。\"——CATHOLICBELIEF1884ED。;IMPRIMATUR
ARCHBISHOPOFNEWYORK,PAGE196。
SEEALSOK。R。HAGENBACH,COMPENDIUMOFTHEHISTORYOFDOCTRINEST。ANDT。
CLARKED。VOL。1,PP。234-237,405,408;VOL。2,PP。135-150,308,309;CHARLESELLIOTT,DELINEATIONOFROMANCATHOLICISM,B。2,CH。12;THECATHOLICENCYCLOPEDIA,VOL。12,ART。\"PURGATORY。\"
PAGE59。INDULGENCES——FORADETAILEDHISTORYOFTHEDOCTRINEOFINDULGENCES
SEEMANDELLCREIGHTON,AHISTORYOFTHEPAPACYFROMTHEGREAT
684
SCHISMTOTHESACKOFROMELONDON:LONGMANS,GREENANDCO。,1911,VOL。5,PP。56-64,71;W。H。KENT,\"INDULGENCES,\"THECATHOLICENCYCLOPEDIA,VOL。7,PP。783-789;H。C。LEA,AHISTORYOFAURICULARCONFESSIONANDINDULGENCESIN
THELATINCHURCHPHILADELPHIA:LEABROTHERSANDCO。,1896;THOMASM。
LINDSAY,AHISTORYOFTHEREFORMATIONNEWYORK;CHARLESSCRIBNER’SSONS,1917,VOL。1,PP。
216-227;ALBERTHENRYNEWMAN,AMANUALOFCHURCHHISTORY
PHILADELPHIA:THEAMERICANBAPTISTPUBLICATIONSOCIETY,1953,VOL。2,PP。
53,54,62;LEOPOLDRANKE,HISTORYOFTHEREFORMATIONINGERMANY2D
LONDONED。,1845,TRANSLATEDBYSARAHAUSTIN,VOL。1,PP。331,335-337,343-346;PRESERVEDSMITH,THEAGEOFTHEREFORMATIONNEWYORK:HENRY
HOLTANDCOMPANY,1920,PP。23-25,66。
ONTHEPRACTICALOUTWORKINGSOFTHEDOCTRINEOFINDULGENCESDURINGTHE
PERIODOFTHEREFORMATIONSEEAPAPERBYDR。H。C。LEA,ENTITLED,\"INDULGENCESINSPAIN,\"PUBLISHEDINPAPERSOFTHEAMERICANSOCIETYOF
CHURCHHISTORY,VOL。1,PP。129-171。OFTHEVALUEOFTHISHISTORICAL
SIDELIGHTDR。LEASAYSINHISOPENINGPARAGRAPH:\"UNVEXEDBYTHECONTROVERSY
WHICHRAGEDBETWEENLUTHERANDDR。ECKANDSILVESTERPRIERIAS,SPAIN
CONTINUEDTRANQUILLYTOFOLLOWINTHEOLDANDBEATENPATH,ANDFURNISHESUS
WITHTHEINCONTESTABLEOFFICIALDOCUMENTSWHICHENABLEUSTOEXAMINETHE
MATTERINTHEPURELIGHTOFHISTORY。\"
PAGE59。THEMASS——FORTHEDOCTRINEOFTHEMASSASSETFORTHATTHECOUNCIL
OFTRENTSEETHECANONSANDDECREESOFTHECOUNCILOFTRENTINPHILIP
SCHAFF,CREEDSOFCHRISTENDOM,VOL。2,PP。126-139,WHEREBOTHLATINAND
ENGLISHTEXTSAREGIVEN。SEEALSOH。G。SCHROEDER,CANONSANDDECREESOFTHE
COUNCILOFTRENTST。LOUIS,MISSOURI:B。HERDER,1941。
FORADISCUSSIONOFTHEMASSSEETHECATHOLICENCYCLOPEDIA,VOL
5,ART。\"EUCHARIST,\"BYJOSEPHPOHLE,PAGE572FF。;NIKOLAUSGIHR,HOLY
SACRIFICEOFTHEMASS,DOGMATICALLY,LITURGICALLY,ASCETICALLYEXPLAINED,12THED。ST。LOUIS,MISSOURI:B。HERDER,1937;JOSEFANDREASJUNGMANN,THE
MASSOFTHEROMANRITE,ITSORIGINSANDDEVELOPMENT,TRANSLATEDFROMTHE
GERMANBYFRANCISA。BRUNNERNEWYORK:BENZIGERBROS。,1951。FORTHE
NON-CATHOLICVIEW,SEEJOHNCALVIN,INSTITUTESOFTHECHRISTIANRELIGION,B。
4,CHS。17,18;ANDEDWARDBOUVERIEPUSEY,THEDOCTRINEOFTHEREALPRESENCE
OXFORD,ENGLAND:JOHNH。PARKER,1855。
PAGE65。THESABBATHAMONGTHEWALDENSES——THEREAREWRITERSWHOHAVE
MAINTAINEDTHATTHEWALDENSESMADEAGENERALPRACTICEOFOBSERVINGTHE
SEVENTH-DAYSABBATH。THISCONCEPTAROSEFROMSOURCESWHICHINTHEORIGINAL
LATINDESCRIBETHEWALDENSESASKEEPINGTHEDIESDOMINICALIS,ORLORD’SDAY
SUNDAY,BUTINWHICHTHROUGHAPRACTICEWHICHDATESFROMTHEREFORMATION,THEWORDFOR\"SUNDAY\"HASBEENTRANSLATED\"SABBATH。\"
BUTTHEREISHISTORICALEVIDENCEOFSOMEOBSERVANCEOFTHESEVENTH-DAY
SABBATHAMONGTHEWALDENSES。AREPORTOFANINQUISITIONBEFOREWHOMWERE
BROUGHTSOMEWALDENSESOFMORAVIAINTHEMIDDLEOFTHEFIFTEENTHCENTURY
DECLARESTHATAMONGTHEWALDENSES\"NOTAFEWINDEEDCELEBRATETHE
685
SABBATHWITHTHEJEWS。\"——JOHANNJOSEPHIGNAZVONDOLLINGER,BEITRAGEZUR
SEKTENGESCHICHTEDESMITTELALTERSREPORTSONTHEHISTORYOFTHESECTSOF
THEMIDDLEAGES,MUNICH,1890,2DPT。,P。661。THERECANBENOQUESTION
THATTHISSOURCEINDICATESTHEOBSERVANCEOFTHESEVENTH-DAYSABBATH。
PAGE65。WALDENSIANVERSIONSOFTHEBIBLE——ONRECENTDISCOVERIESOF
WALDENSIANMANUSCRIPTSSEEM。ESPOSITO,\"SURQUELQUESMANUSCRITSDE
L’ANCIENNELITTERATUREDESVAUDOISDUPIEMONT,\"INREVUED’HISTORIQUE
ECCLESIASTIQUELOUVAIN,1951,P。130FF。;F。JOSTES,\"DIE
WALDENSERBIBELN,\"INHISTORISCHESJAHRBUCH,1894;D。LORTSCH,HISTOIREDELA
BIBLEENFRANCEPARIS,1910,CH。10。
ACLASSICWRITTENBYONEOFTHEWALDENSIAN\"BARBS\"ISJEANLEGER,HISTOIRE
GENERALEDESEGLISESEVANGELIQUESDESVALLEESDEPIEMONTLEYDEN,1669,WHICHWASWRITTENATTHETIMEOFTHEGREATPERSECUTIONSANDCONTAINS
FIRSTHANDINFORMATIONWITHDRAWINGS。
FORTHELITERATUREOFWALDENSIANTEXTSSEEA。DESTEFANO,CIVILTAMEDIOEVALE
1944;ANDRIFORMATORIEDERETICINELMEDIOEVEPALERMO,1938;J。D。
BOUNOUS,THEWALDENSIANPATOISOFPRAMOLNASHVILLE,1936;ANDA。DONDAINE,ARCHIVUMFRATRUMPRAEDICATORUM1946。
FORTHEHISTORYOFTHEWALDENSESSOMEOFTHEMORERECENT,RELIABLEWORKS
ARE:E。COMBA,HISTORYOFTHEWALDENSESINITALYSEELATERITALIANEDITION
PUBLISHEDINTORREPELLICE,1934;E。GEBHART,MYSTICSANDHERETICSBOSTON,1927;G。GONNET,ILVALDISMOMEDIOEVALE,PROLEGOMENITORREPELLICE,1935;
ANDJALLA,HISTOIREDESVAUDOISETLEURSCOLONIESTORREPELLICE,1935。
PAGE77。EDICTAGAINSTTHEWALDENSES——ACONSIDERABLEPORTIONOFTHETEXTOF
THEPAPALBULLISSUEDBYINNOCENTVIIIIN1487AGAINSTTHEWALDENSESTHE
ORIGINALOFWHICHISINTHELIBRARYOFTHEUNIVERSITYOFCAMBRIDGEIS
GIVEN,INANENGLISHTRANSLATION,INJOHNDOWLING’SHISTORYOFROMANISM
1871ED。,B。6,CH。5,SEC。62。
PAGE85。WYCLIFFE——THEHISTORIANDISCOVERSTHATTHENAMEOFWYCLIFFE,HAS
MANYDIFFERENTFORMSOFSPELLING。FORAFULLDISCUSSIONOFTHESESEEJ。
DAHMUS,THEPROSECUTIONOFJOHNWYCLYFNEWHAVEN:YALEUNIVERSITYPRESS,1952,P。7。
PAGE86。INFALLIBILITY。
FORTHEORIGINALTEXTOFTHEPAPALBULLSISSUEDAGAINSTWYCLIFFEWITH
ENGLISHTRANSLATIONSEEJ。DAHMUS,THEPROSECUTIONOFJOHNWYCLYFNEW
HAVEN:YALEUNIVERSITYPRESS,1952,PP。35-49;ALSOJOHNFOXE,ACTSAND
MONUMENTSOFTHECHURCHLONDON:PRATTTOWNSEND,1870,VOL。
3,PP。4-13。
FORASUMMARYOFTHESEBULLSSENTTOTHEARCHBISHOPOFCANTERBURY,TOKING
EDWARD,ANDTOTHECHANCELLOROFTHEUNIVERSITYOFOXFORD,SEEMERLE
D’AUBIGNE,THEHISTORYOFTHEREFORMATIONINTHESIXTEENTHCENTURYLONDON:
BLACKIEANDSON,1885,VOL。4,DIV。7,P。93;AUGUSTNEANDER,GENERAL
686
HISTORYOFTHECHRISTIANCHURCHBOSTON:CROCKERANDBRESTER,1862,VOL。5,PP。146,147;GEORGESARGEANT,HISTORYOFTHECHRISTIANCHURCHDALLAS:
FREDERICKPUBLISHINGHOUSE,1948,P。323;GOTTHARDV。LECHLER,JOHN
WYCLIFFEANDHISENGLISHPRECURSORSLONDON:THERELIGIOUSTRACTSOCIETY,1878,PP。162-164;PHILIPSCHAFF,HISTORYOFTHECHRISTIANCHURCHNEW
YORK:CHARLESSCRIBNER’SSONS,1915,VOL。5,PT。2,P。317。
PAGE104。COUNCILOFCONSTANCE——APRIMARYSOURCEONTHECOUNCILOF
CONSTANCEISRICHENDALULRICH,DASCONCILIUMSOZUCONSTANZGEHALTENIST
WORDENAUGSBURG,1483,INCUN。。ANINTERESTING,RECENTSTUDYOFTHISTEXT,BASEDONTHE\"AULENDORFCODEX,\"ISINTHESPENCERCOLLECTIONOFTHENEWYORK
PUBLICLIBRARY,PUBLISHEDBYKARLKUP,ULRICHVONRICHENTAL’SCHRONICLEOF
THECOUNCILOFCONSTANCENEWYORK,1936。SEEALSOH。FINKEED。,ACTA
CONCILIICONSTANCIENSIS1896,VOL。1;HEFELE,CONCILIENGESCHICHTE9
VOLS。,VOLS。6,7;L。MIRBT,QUELLENZURGESCHICHTEDESPAPSTTUMS1934;
MILMAN,LATINCHRISTIANITY,VOL。
7,PP。426-524;PASTOR,THEHISTORYOFTHEPOPES34VOLS。,VOL。1,P。197FF。
MORERECENTPUBLICATIONSONTHECOUNCILAREK。ZAHRINGER,DASKARDINAL
KOLLEGIUMAUFDEMKONSTANZERKONZILMUNSTER,1935;TH。F。GROGAU,THE
CONCILIARTHEORYASITMANIFESTEDITSELFATTHECOUNCILOFCONSTANCE
WASHINGTON,1949;FREDA。KREMPLE,CULTURALASPECTSOFTHECOUNCILOF
CONSTANCEANDBASELANNARBOR,1955;JOHNPATRICKMCGOWAN,D’AILLYANDTHE
COUNCILOFCONSTANCEWASHINGTON:CATHOLICUNIVERSITY,1936。
FORJOHNHUSSSEEJOHNHUS,LETTERS,1904;E。J。KITTS,POPEJOHNXXIIIAND
MASTERJOHNHUSLONDON,1910;D。S。SCHAFF,JOHNHUS1915;SCHWARZE,JOHNHUS1915;ANDMATTHEWSPINKA,JOHNHUSANDTHECZECHREFORM1941。
PAGE234。JESUITISM——FORASTATEMENTCONCERNINGTHEORIGIN,THEPRINCIPLES,ANDTHEPURPOSESOFTHE\"SOCIETYOFJESUS,\"ASOUTLINEDBYMEMBERSOFTHIS
ORDER,SEEAWORKENTITLEDCONCERNINGJESUITS,EDITEDBYTHEREV。JOHN
GERARD,S。J。,ANDPUBLISHEDINLONDON,1902,BYTHECATHOLICTRUTHSOCIETY。
INTHISWORKITISSAID,\"THEMAINSPRINGOFTHEWHOLEORGANIZATIONOFTHE
SOCIETYISASPIRITOFENTIREOBEDIENCE:’LETEACHONE,’WRITESST。
IGNATIUS,’PERSUADEHIMSELFTHATTHOSEWHOLIVEUNDEROBEDIENCEOUGHTTO
ALLOWTHEMSELVESTOBEMOVEDANDDIRECTEDBYDIVINEPROVIDENCETHROUGHTHEIR
SUPERIORS,JUSTASTHOUGHTHEYWEREADEADBODY,WHICHALLOWSITSELFTOBE
CARRIEDANYWHEREANDTOBETREATEDINANYMANNERWHATEVER,ORASANOLD
MAN’SSTAFF,WHICHSERVESHIMWHOHOLDSITINHISHANDINWHATSOEVERWAYHE
WILL。’
\"THISABSOLUTESUBMISSIONISENNOBLEDBYITSMOTIVE,ANDSHOULDBE,CONTINUESTHE……FOUNDER,’PROMPT,JOYOUSANDPERSEVERING;……THE
OBEDIENTRELIGIOUSACCOMPLISHESJOYFULLYTHATWHICHHISSUPERIORSHAVE
CONFIDEDTOHIMFORTHEGENERALGOOD,ASSUREDTHATTHEREBYHECORRESPONDS
TRULYWITHTHEDIVINEWILL。’\"——THECOMTESSER。DECOURSON,INCONCERNING
JESUITS,PAGE6。
687
SEEALSOL。E。DUPIN,ACOMPENDIOUSHISTORYOFTHECHURCH,CENT。
16,CH。33LONDON,1713,VOL。4,PP。132-135;MOSHEIM,ECCLESIASTICAL
HISTORY,CENT。16,SEC。3,PT。1,CH。1,PAR。10INCLUDINGNOTES;THE
ENCYCLOPEDIABRITANNICA9THED。,ART。\"JESUITS;\"C。PAROISSEN,THE
PRINCIPLESOFTHEJESUITS,DEVELOPEDINACOLLECTIONOFEXTRACTSFROMTHEIR
OWNAUTHORSLONDON,1860——ANEARLIEREDITIONAPPEAREDIN1839;W。C。
CARTWRIGHT,THEJESUITS,THEIRCONSTITUTIONANDTEACHINGLONDON,1876;E。
L。TAUNTON,THEHISTORYOFTHEJESUITSINENGLAND,1580-1773LONDON,1901。
SEEALSOH。BOEHMER,THEJESUITSTRANSLATIONFROMTHEGERMAN,PHILADELPHIA,CASTLEPRESS1928;E。GOETHEIN,IGNATIUSLOYOLAANDTHEGEGEN-REFORMATION
HALLE,1895;T。CAMPBELL,THEJESUITS,1534
1921NEWYORK,1922;E。L。TAUNTON,THEHISTORYOFTHEJESUITSIN
ENGLAND,1580-1773LONDON,1901。
PAGE235。THEINQUISITION——FORTHEROMANCATHOLICVIEWSEETHECATHOLIC
ENCYCLOPEDIA,VOL。8,ART。\"INQUISITION\"BYJOSEPHBLOTZER,P。
26FF。:ANDE。VACANDARD,THEINQUISITION:ACRITICALANDHISTORICAL
STUDYOFTHECOERCIVEPOWEROFTHECHURCHNEWYORK:LONGMANS,GREENAND
COMPANY,1908。
FORANANGLO-CATHOLICVIEWSEEHOFFMANNICKERSON,THEINQUISITION:A
POLITICALANDMILITARYSTUDYOFITSESTABLISHMENT。FORTHENON-CATHOLICVIEW
SEEPHILIPVANLIMBORCH,HISTORYOFTHEINQUISITION;HENRYCHARLESLEA,A
HISTORYOFTHEINQUISITIONOFTHEMIDDLEAGES,3VOLS。;AHISTORYOFTHE
INQUISITIONOFSPAIN,4VOLS。,ANDTHEINQUISITIONINTHESPANISH
DEPENDENCIES;ANDH。S。TURBERVILLE,MEDIEVALHERESYANDTHEINQUISITION
LONDON:C。LOCKWOODANDSON,1920——AMEDIATINGVIEW。
PAGE265。CAUSESOFTHEFRENCHREVOLUTION——ONTHEFAR-REACHINGCONSEQUENCES
OFTHEREJECTIONOFTHEBIBLEANDOFBIBLERELIGION,BYTHEPEOPLEOF
FRANCE,SEEH。VONSYBEL,HISTORYOFTHEFRENCHREVOLUTION,B。5,CH。1,PARS。3-7;HENRYTHOMASBUCKLE,HISTORYOFCIVILIZATIONINENGLAND,CHS。8,12,14NEWYORK,1895,VOL。1,PP。364-366,369-371,437,540,541,550;BLACKWOOD’SMAGAZINE,VOL。34,NO。215
NOVEMBER,1833,P。739;J。G。LORIMER,ANHISTORICALSKETCHOFTHE
PROTESTANTCHURCHINFRANCE,CH。8,PARS。6,7。
PAGE267。EFFORTSTOSUPPRESSANDDESTROYTHEBIBLE——THECOUNCILOF
TOULOUSE,WHICHMETABOUTTHETIMEOFTHECRUSADEAGAINSTTHEALBIGENSES,RULED:\"WEPROHIBITLAYMENPOSSESSINGCOPIESOFTHEOLDANDNEWTESTAMENT……WEFORBIDTHEMMOSTSEVERELYTOHAVETHEABOVEBOOKSINTHEPOPULAR
VERNACULAR。\"\"THELORDSOFTHEDISTRICTSSHALLCAREFULLYSEEKOUTTHE
HERETICSINDWELLINGS,HOVELS,ANDFORESTS,ANDEVENTHEIRUNDERGROUND
RETREATSSHALLBEENTIRELYWIPEDOUT。\"——COUNCIL。TOLOSANUM,POPEGREGORYIX,ANNO。CHR。1229。CANONS14AND2。THISCOUNCILSATATTHETIMEOFTHE
CRUSADEAGAINSTTHEALBIGENSES。
\"THISPEST[THEBIBLE]HADTAKENSUCHANEXTENSIONTHATSOMEPEOPLEHAD
688
APPOINTEDPRIESTSOFTHEIROWN,ANDEVENSOMEEVANGELISTSWHODISTORTEDAND
DESTROYEDTHETRUTHOFTHEGOSPELANDMADENEWGOSPELSFORTHEIROWNPURPOSE……THEYKNOWTHATTHEPREACHINGANDEXPLANATIONOFTHEBIBLEIS
ABSOLUTELYFORBIDDENTOTHELAYMEMBERS。\"——ACTSOFINQUISITION,PHILIPVAN
LIMBORCH,HISTORYOFTHEINQUISITION,CHAPTER8。
THECOUNCILOFTARRAGONA,1234,RULEDTHAT:\"NOONEMAYPOSSESSTHEBOOKSOF
THEOLDANDNEWTESTAMENTSINTHEROMANCELANGUAGE,ANDIFANYONEPOSSESSES
THEMHEMUSTTURNTHEMOVERTOTHELOCALBISHOPWITHINEIGHTDAYSAFTER
PROMULGATIONOFTHISDECREE,SOTHATTHEYMAYBEBURNEDLEST,BEHEACLERIC
ORALAYMAN,HEBESUSPECTEDUNTILHEISCLEAREDOFALLSUSPICION。\"——D。
LORTSCH,HISTOIREDELABIBLEENFRANCE,1910,P。14。
ATTHECOUNCILOFCONSTANCE,IN1415,WYCLIFFEWASPOSTHUMOUSLYCONDEMNEDBY
ARUNDEL,THEARCHBISHOPOFCANTERBURY,AS\"THATPESTILENTWRETCHOFDAMNABLE
HERESYWHOINVENTEDANEWTRANSLATIONOFTHESCRIPTURESINHISMOTHER
TONGUE。\"
THEOPPOSITIONTOTHEBIBLEBYTHEROMANCATHOLICCHURCHHASCONTINUED
THROUGHTHECENTURIESANDWASINCREASEDPARTICULARLYATTHETIMEOFTHE
FOUNDINGOFBIBLESOCIETIES。ONDECEMBER8,1866,POPEPIUSIX,INHIS
ENCYCLICALQUANTACURA,ISSUEDASYLLABUSOFEIGHTYERRORSUNDERTEN
DIFFERENTHEADINGS。UNDERHEADINGIVWEFINDLISTED:\"SOCIALISM,COMMUNISM,CLANDESTINESOCIETIES,BIBLESOCIETIES……PESTSOFTHISSORTMUSTBE
DESTROYEDBYALLPOSSIBLEMEANS。\"
PAGE276。THEREIGNOFTERROR——FORARELIABLE,BRIEFINTRODUCTIONINTOTHE
HISTORYOFTHEFRENCHREVOLUTIONSEEL。GERSHOY,THEFRENCHREVOLUTION
1932;G。LEFEBVRE,THECOMINGOFTHEFRENCHREVOLUTIONPRINCETON,1947;
ANDH。VONSYBEL,HISTORYOFTHEFRENCHREVOLUTION1869,4VOLS。
THEMONITEUROFFICIELWASTHEGOVERNMENTPAPERATTHETIMEOFTHEREVOLUTION
ANDISAPRIMARYSOURCE,CONTAININGAFACTUALACCOUNTOFACTIONSTAKENBY
THEASSEMBLIES,FULLTEXTSOFTHEDOCUMENTS,ETC。ITHASBEENREPRINTED。SEE
ALSOA。AULARD,CHRISTIANITYANDTHEFRENCHREVOLUTIONLONDON,1927,IN
WHICHTHEACCOUNTISCARRIEDTHROUGH
1802——ANEXCELLENTSTUDY;W。H。JERVIS,THEGALLICANCHURCHANDTHE
REVOLUTIONLONDON,1882,ACAREFULWORKBYANANGLICAN,BUTSHOWS
PREFERENCEFORCATHOLICISM。
ONTHERELATIONOFCHURCHANDSTATEINFRANCEDURINGTHEFRENCHREVOLUTION
SEEHENRYH。WALSH,THECONCORDATEOF1801:ASTUDYOFNATIONALISMIN
RELATIONTOCHURCHANDSTATENEWYORK,1933;CHARLESLEDRE,L’ENGLISEDE
FRANCESOULSLAREVOLUTIONPARIS,1949。
SOMECONTEMPORARYSTUDIESONTHERELIGIOUSSIGNIFICANCEOFTHEREVOLUTION
AREG。CHAISDESOURCESOL,LELIVREDESMANIFESTESAVIGNON,1800,INWHICH
THEAUTHORENDEAVOREDTOASCERTAINTHECAUSESOFTHEUPHEAVAL,ANDITS
RELIGIOUSSIGNIFICANCE,ETC。;JAMESBICHENO,THESIGNSOFTHETIMESLONDON,1794;JAMESWINTHROP,ASYSTEMATICARRANGEMENTOFSEVERALSCRIPTURE
PROPHECIESRELATINGTOANTICHRIST;WITHTHEIRAPPLICATIONTOTHECOURSEOF
HISTORY
689
BOSTON,1795;ANDLATHROP,THEPROPHECYOFDANIELRELATINGTOTHETIMEOF
THEENDSPRINGFIELD,MASSACHUSETTS,1811。
FORTHECHURCHDURINGTHEREVOLUTIONSEEW。M。SLOAN,THEFRENCHREVOLUTION
ANDRELIGIOUSREFORM1901;P。F。LAGORCE,HISTOIRERELIGIEUSEDELA
REVOLUTIONPARIS,1909。
ONRELATIONSWITHTHEPAPACYSEEG。BOURGIN,LAFRANCEETROMEDE
1788-1797PARIS,1808,BASEDONSECRETFILESINTHEVATICAN;A。
LATREILLE,L’EGLISECATHOLIQUEETLAREVOLUTIONPARIS,1950,ESPECIALLY
INTERESTINGONPIUSVIANDTHERELIGIOUSCRISIS,1775-1799。
FORPROTESTANTSDURINGTHEREVOLUTION,SEEPRESSENSEED。,THEREIGNOF
TERRORCINCINNATI,1869。
PAGE280。THEMASSESANDTHEPRIVILEGEDCLASSES——ONSOCIALCONDITIONS
PREVAILINGINFRANCEPRIORTOTHEPERIODOFTHEREVOLUTION,SEEH。VON
HOLST,LOWELLLECTURESONTHEFRENCHREVOLUTION,LECTURE1;ALSOTAINE,ANCIENREGIME,ANDA。YOUNG,TRAVELSINFRANCE。
PAGE283。RETRIBUTION——FORFURTHERDETAILSCONCERNINGTHERETRIBUTIVE
CHARACTEROFTHEFRENCHREVOLUTIONSEETHOS。H。GILL,THEPAPALDRAMA,B。
10;EDMONDDEPRESSENSE,THECHURCHANDTHEFRENCHREVOLUTION,B。3,CH。1。
PAGE284。THEATROCITIESOFTHEREIGNOFTERROR——SEEM。A。THIERS,HISTORY
OFTHEFRENCHREVOLUTION,VOL。3,PP。42-44,62-74,106NEWYORK,1890,TRANSLATEDBYF。SHOBERL;F。A。MIGNET,HISTORYOFTHEFRENCHREVOLUTION,CH。9,PAR。1BOHN,1894;A。ALISON,HISTORYOFEUROPE,1789-1815,VOL。1,CH。14NEWYORK,1872,VOL。1,PP。293-312。
PAGE287。THECIRCULATIONOFTHESCRIPTURES——IN1804,ACCORDINGTOMR。
WILLIAMCANTONOFTHEBRITISHANDFOREIGNBIBLESOCIETY,\"ALLTHEBIBLES
EXTANTINTHEWORLD,INMANUSCRIPTORINPRINT,COUNTINGEVERYVERSIONIN
EVERYLAND,WERECOMPUTEDATNOTMANYMORETHANFOURMILLIONS……THE
VARIOUSLANGUAGESINWHICHTHOSEFOURMILLIONSWEREWRITTEN,INCLUDINGSUCH
BYGONESPEECHASTHEMOESO-GOTHICOFULFILASANDTHEANGLO-SAXONOFBEDE,ARESETDOWNASNUMBERINGABOUTFIFTY。\"——WHATISTHEBIBLESOCIETY?REV。
ED。,1904,P。23。
THEAMERICANBIBLESOCIETYREPORTEDADISTRIBUTIONFROM1816THROUGH
1955OF481,149,365BIBLES,TESTAMENTS,ANDPORTIONSOFTESTAMENTS。TOTHIS
MAYBEADDEDOVER600,000,000BIBLESORSCRIPTUREPORTIONSDISTRIBUTEDBY
THEBRITISHANDFOREIGNBIBLESOCIETY。DURINGTHEYEAR1955ALONETHE
AMERICANBIBLESOCIETYDISTRIBUTEDAGRANDTOTALOF23,819,733BIBLES,TESTAMENTS,ANDPORTIONSOFTESTAMENTSTHROUGHOUTTHEWORLD。
THESCRIPTURES,INWHOLEORINPART,HAVEBEENPRINTED,ASOFDECEMBER,1955,IN1,092LANGUAGES;ANDNEWLANGUAGESARECONSTANTLYBEINGADDED。
690
PAGE288。FOREIGNMISSIONS——THEMISSIONARYACTIVITYOFTHEEARLYCHRISTIAN
CHURCHHASNOTBEENDUPLICATEDUNTILMODERNTIMES。ITHADVIRTUALLYDIEDOUT
BYTHEYEAR1000,ANDWASSUCCEEDEDBYTHEMILITARYCAMPAIGNSOFTHE
CRUSADES。THEREFORMATIONERASAWLITTLEFOREIGNMISSIONWORK,EXCEPTONTHE
PARTOFTHEEARLYJESUITS。THEPIETISTICREVIVALPRODUCEDSOMEMISSIONARIES。
THEWORKOFTHEMORAVIANCHURCHINTHEEIGHTEENTHCENTURYWASREMARKABLE,ANDTHEREWERESOMEMISSIONARYSOCIETIESFORMEDBYTHEBRITISHFORWORKIN
COLONIZEDNORTHAMERICA。BUTTHEGREATRESURGENCEOFFOREIGNMISSIONARY
ACTIVITYBEGINSAROUNDTHEYEAR1800,AT\"THETIMEOFTHEEND。\"DANIEL12:4。
IN1792WASFORMEDTHEBAPTISTMISSIONARYSOCIETY,WHICHSENTCAREYTO
INDIA。IN1795THELONDONMISSIONARYSOCIETYWASORGANIZED,ANDANOTHER
SOCIETYIN1799WHICHIN1812BECAMETHECHURCHMISSIONARYSOCIETY。SHORTLY
AFTERWARDTHEWESLEYANMISSIONARYSOCIETYWASFOUNDED。INTHEUNITEDSTATES
THEAMERICANBOARDOFCOMMISSIONERSFORFOREIGNMISSIONSWASFORMEDIN1812,ANDADONIRAMJUDSONWASSENTOUTTHATYEARTOCALCUTTA。HEESTABLISHED
HIMSELFINBURMATHENEXTYEAR。IN1814THEAMERICANBAPTISTMISSIONARY
UNIONWASFORMED。THEPRESBYTERIANBOARDOFFOREIGNMISSIONSWASFORMEDIN
1837。
\"INA。D。1800,……THEOVERWHELMINGMAJORITYOFCHRISTIANSWERETHE
DESCENDANTSOFTHOSEWHOHADBEENWONBEFOREA。D。1500……NOW,INTHE
NINETEENTHCENTURY,CAMEAFURTHEREXPANSIONOFCHRISTIANITY。NOTSOMANY
CONTINENTSORMAJORCOUNTRIESWEREENTEREDFORTHEFIRSTTIMEASINTHE
PRECEDINGTHREECENTURIES。THATWOULDHAVEBEENIMPOSSIBLE,FORONALLTHE
LARGERLANDMASSESOFTHEEARTHEXCEPTAUSTRALIAANDAMONGALLTHEMORE
NUMEROUSPEOPLESANDINALLTHEAREASOFHIGHCIVILIZATIONCHRISTIANITYHAD
BEENINTRODUCEDBEFOREA。D。1800。WHATNOWOCCURREDWASTHEACQUISITIONOF
FRESHFOOTHOLDSINREGIONSANDAMONGPEOPLESALREADYTOUCHED,ANEXPANSION
OFUNPRECEDENTEDEXTENTFROMBOTHTHENEWERBASESANDTHEOLDERONES,AND
THEENTRANCEOFCHRISTIANITYINTOTHELARGEMAJORITYOFSUCHCOUNTRIES,ISLANDS,PEOPLES,ANDTRIBESASHADPREVIOUSLYNOTBEENTOUCHED……
\"THENINETEENTHCENTURYSPREADOFCHRISTIANITYWASDUEPRIMARILYTOANEW
BURSTOFRELIGIOUSLIFEEMANATINGFROMTHECHRISTIANIMPULSE……NEVERIN
ANYCORRESPONDINGLENGTHOFTIMEHADTHECHRISTIANIMPULSEGIVENRISETOSO
MANYNEWMOVEMENTS。NEVERHADITHADQUITESOGREATANEFFECTUPONWESTERN
EUROPEANPEOPLES。ITWASFROMTHISABOUNDINGVIGORTHATTHEREISSUEDTHE
MISSIONARYENTERPRISEWHICHDURINGTHENINETEENTHCENTURYSOAUGMENTEDTHE
NUMERICALSTRENGTHANDTHEINFLUENCEOFCHRISTIANITY。\"——KENNETHSCOTT
LATOURETTE,AHISTORYOFTHEEXPANSIONOFCHRISTIANITY,VOL。IV,THEGREAT
CENTURYA。D。1800-A。D。1914NEWYORK:HARPER&BROTHERS,1941,PP。2-4。
PAGES327,329。PROPHETICDATES——ACCORDINGTOJEWISHRECKONINGTHEFIFTH
MONTHABOFTHESEVENTHYEAROFARTAXERXES’REIGNWASFROMJULY23TO
AUGUST21,457B。C。AFTEREZRA’SARRIVALINJERUSALEMINTHEAUTUMNOFTHE
YEAR,THEDECREEOFTHEKINGWENTINTOEFFECT。FORTHECERTAINTYOFTHEDATE
457B。C。BEINGTHESEVENTHYEAROFARTAXERXES,SEES。H。HORNANDL。H。
WOOD,THE
691
CHRONOLOGYOFEZRA7WASHINGTON,D。C。:REVIEWANDHERALDPUBLISHINGASSN。,1953;E。G。KRAELING,THEBROOKLYNMUSEUMARAMAICPAPYRINEWHAVENOR
LONDON,1953,PP。191-193;THESEVENTH-DAYADVENTISTBIBLECOMMENTARY
WASHINGTON,D。C。:REVIEWANDHERALDPUBLISHINGASSN。,1954,VOL。3,PP。
97-110。
PAGE335。FALLOFTHEOTTOMANEMPIRE——THEIMPACTOFMOSLEMTURKEYUPON
EUROPEAFTERTHEFALLOFCONSTANTINOPLEIN1453WASASSEVEREASHADBEEN
THECATASTROPHICCONQUESTSOFTHEMOSLEMSARACENS,DURINGTHECENTURYANDA
HALFAFTERTHEDEATHOFMOHAMMED,UPONTHEEASTERNROMANEMPIRE。THROUGHOUT
THEREFORMATIONERA,TURKEYWASACONTINUALTHREATATTHEEASTERNGATESOF
EUROPEANCHRISTENDOM;THEWRITINGSOFTHEREFORMERSAREFULLOFCONDEMNATION
OFTHEOTTOMANPOWER。CHRISTIANWRITERSSINCEHAVEBEENCONCERNEDWITHTHE
ROLEOFTURKEYINFUTUREWORLDEVENTS,ANDCOMMENTATORSONPROPHECYHAVE
SEENTURKISHPOWERANDITSDECLINEFORECASTINSCRIPTURE。
FORTHELATTERCHAPTER,UNDERTHE\"HOUR,DAY,MONTH,YEAR\"PROPHECY,ASPART
OFTHESIXTHTRUMPET,JOSIAHLITCHWORKEDOUTANAPPLICATIONOFTHETIME
PROPHECY,TERMINATINGTURKISHINDEPENDENCEINAUGUST,1840。LITCH’SVIEWCAN
BEFOUNDINFULLINHISTHEPROBABILITYOFTHESECONDCOMINGOFCHRISTABOUT
A。D。1843PUBLISHEDINJUNE,1838;ANADDRESSTOTHECLERGYPUBLISHEDIN
THESPRINGOF1840;ASECONDEDITION,WITHHISTORICALDATAINSUPPORTOFTHE
ACCURACYOFFORMERCALCULATIONSOFTHEPROPHETICPERIODEXTENDINGTOTHE
FALLOFTHEOTTOMANEMPIRE,WASPUBLISHEDIN1841;ANDANARTICLEINSIGNS
OFTHETIMESANDEXPOSITOROFPROPHECY,AUG。1,1840。SEEALSOARTICLEIN
SIGNSOFTHETIMESANDEXPOSITOROFPROPHECY,FEB。1,1841;ANDJ。N。
LOUGHBOROUGH,THEGREATADVENTMOVEMENT1905ED。,PP。129-132。THEBOOKBY
URIAHSMITH,THOUGHTSONDANIELANDTHEREVELATION,REV。ED。OF1944,DISCUSSESTHEPROPHETICTIMINGOFTHISPROPHECYONPAGES506-517。
FORTHEEARLIERHISTORYOFTHEOTTOMANEMPIREANDTHEDECLINEOFTHETURKISH
POWER,SEEALSOWILLIAMMILLER,THEOTTOMANEMPIREANDITSSUCCESSORS,1801-1927CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND:UNIVERSITYPRESS,1936;GEORGEG。S。L。
EVERSLEY,THETURKISHEMPIREFROM1288TO1914LONDON:T。FISHERUNWIN,LTD。,2DED。,1923;JOSEPHVONHAMMER-PURGSTALL,GESCHICHTEDES
OSMANNISCHENREICHESPESTH:C。A。HARTLEBEN,2DED。,1834-36,4VOLS。;
HERBERTA。GIBBONS,FOUNDATIONOFTHEOTTOMANEMPIRE,1300-1403OXFORD:
UNIVERSITYPRESS,1916;ARNOLDJ。TOYNBEEANDKENNETHB。KIRKWOOD,TURKEY
LONDON,1926。
PAGE340。WITHHOLDINGTHEBIBLEFROMTHEPEOPLE——THEREADERWILLRECOGNIZE
THATTHETEXTOFTHISVOLUMEWASWRITTENPRIORTOVATICANCOUNCILII,WITH
ITSSOMEWHATALTEREDPOLICIESINREGARDTOTHEREADINGOFTHESCRIPTURES。
THROUGHTHECENTURIES,THEATTITUDEOFTHEROMANCATHOLICCHURCHTOWARD
CIRCULATIONOFTHEHOLYSCRIPTURESINVERNACULARVERSIONSAMONGTHELAITY
SHOWSUPASNEGATIVE。SEEFOREXAMPLEG。P。FISHER,THEREFORMATION,CH。15,692
PAR。161873ED。,PP。530-532;J。CARDINALGIBBONS,THEFAITHOFOUR
FATHERS,CH。849THED。,1897,PP。98-117;JOHNDOWLING,HISTORYOF
ROMANISM,B。7,CH。2,SEC。14;ANDB。9,CH。3,SECS。24-271871ED。,PP。
491-496,621-625;L。F。BUNGENER,HISTORYOFTHECOUNCILOFTRENT,PP。
101-1102DEDINBURGHED。,1853,TRANSLATEDBYD。D。SCOTT;G。H。PUTNAM,BOOKSANDTHEIRMAKERSDURINGTHEMIDDLEAGES,VOL。1,PT。2,CH。2,PARS。
49,54-56。SEEALSOINDEXOFPROHIBITEDBOOKSVATICANPOLYGLOTPRESS,1930,PP。IX,X;TIMOTHYHURLEY,ACOMMENTARYONTHEPRESENTINDEX
LEGISLATIONNEWYORK:BENZIGERBROTHERS,1908,P。
71;TRANSLATIONOFTHEGREATENCYCLICALLETTERSOFLEOXIIINEW
YORK:BENZIGERBROTHERS,1903,P。413。
BUTINRECENTYEARSADRAMATICANDPOSITIVECHANGEHASOCCURREDINTHIS
RESPECT。ONTHEONEHAND,THECHURCHHASAPPROVEDSEVERALVERSIONSPREPARED
ONTHEBASISOFTHEORIGINALLANGUAGES;ONTHEOTHER,ITHASPROMOTEDTHE
STUDYOFTHEHOLYSCRIPTURESBYMEANSOFFREEDISTRIBUTIONANDBIBLE
INSTITUTES。THECHURCH,HOWEVER,CONTINUESTORESERVEFORHERSELFTHE
EXCLUSIVERIGHTTOINTERPRETTHEBIBLEINTHELIGHTOFHEROWNTRADITION,THUSJUSTIFYINGTHOSEDOCTRINESTHATDONOTHARMONIZEWITHBIBLICAL
TEACHINGS。
PAGE373。ASCENSIONROBES——THESTORYTHATTHEADVENTISTSMADEROBESWITH
WHICHTOASCEND\"TOMEETTHELORDINTHEAIR,\"WASINVENTEDBYTHOSEWHO
WISHEDTOREPROACHTHEADVENTPREACHING。ITWASCIRCULATEDSOINDUSTRIOUSLY
THATMANYBELIEVEDIT,BUTCAREFULINQUIRYPROVEDITSFALSITY。FORMANY
YEARSASUBSTANTIALREWARDWASOFFEREDFORPROOFTHATONESUCHINSTANCEEVER
OCCURRED,BUTNOPROOFHASBEENPRODUCED。NONEWHOLOVEDTHEAPPEARINGOF
THESAVIOURWERESOIGNORANTOFTHETEACHINGSOFTHESCRIPTURESASTO
SUPPOSETHATROBESWHICHTHEYCOULDMAKEWOULDBENECESSARYFORTHAT
OCCASION。THEONLYROBEWHICHTHESAINTSWILLNEEDTOMEETTHELORDISTHE
RIGHTEOUSNESSOFCHRIST。SEEISAIAH61:10;REVELATION19:8。
FORATHOROUGHREFUTATIONOFTHELEGENDOFASCENSIONROBES,SEEFRANCISD。
NICHOL,MIDNIGHTCRYWASHINGTON,D。C。:REVIEWANDHERALDPUBLISHINGASSN。,1944,CHS。25-27,ANDAPPENDICESH-J。SEEALSOLEROYEDWINFROOM,PROPHETIC
FAITHOFOURFATHERSWASHINGTON,D。C。:REVIEWANDHERALDPUBLISHINGASSN。,1954,VOL。4,PP。822-826。
PAGE374。THECHRONOLOGYOFPROPHECY——DR。GEORGEBUSH,PROFESSOROFHEBREW
ANDORIENTALLITERATUREINTHENEWYORKCITYUNIVERSITY,INALETTER
ADDRESSEDTOWILLIAMMILLERANDPUBLISHEDINTHEADVENTHERALDANDSIGNSOF
THETIMESREPORTER,BOSTON,MARCH6AND13,1844,MADESOMEIMPORTANT
ADMISSIONSRELATIVETOHISCALCULATIONOFTHEPROPHETICTIMES。DR。BUSH
WROTE:
\"NEITHERISITTOBEOBJECTED,ASICONCEIVE,TOYOURSELFORYOURFRIENDS,THATYOUHAVEDEVOTEDMUCHTIMEANDATTENTIONTOTHESTUDYOFTHECHRONOLOGY
OFPROPHECY,ANDHAVELABOREDMUCHTODETERMINETHECOMMENCINGANDCLOSING
DATESOFITSGREATPERIODS。IFTHESEPERIODSAREACTUALLYGIVENBYTHEHOLY
GHOSTINTHEPROPHETICBOOKS,ITWASDOUBTLESSWITHTHEDESIGNTHATTHEY
693
MEDE,SIRISAACNEWTON,BISHOPNEWTON,KIRBY,SCOTT,KEITH,ANDAHOSTOF
OTHERSWHOHAVELONGSINCECOMETOSUBSTANTIALLYYOURCONCLUSIONSONTHIS
HEAD。THEYALLAGREETHATTHELEADINGPERIODSMENTIONEDBYDANIELANDJOHN,DOACTUALLYEXPIREABOUTTHISAGEOFTHEWORLD,ANDITWOULDBEASTRANGE
LOGICTHATWOULDCONVICTYOUOFHERESYFORHOLDINGINEFFECTTHESAMEVIEWS
WHICHSTANDFORTHSOPROMINENTINTHENOTICESOFTHESEEMINENTDIVINES。\"
\"YOURRESULTSINTHISFIELDOFINQUIRYDONOTSTRIKEMESOFAROUTOFTHE
WAYASTOAFFECTANYOFTHEGREATINTERESTSOFTRUTHORDUTY。\"\"YOURERROR,ASIAPPREHEND,LIESINANOTHERDIRECTIONTHANYOURCHRONOLOGY。\"\"YOUHAVE
ENTIRELYMISTAKENTHENATUREOFTHEEVENTSWHICHARETOOCCURWHENTHOSE
PERIODSHAVEEXPIRED。THISISTHEHEADANDFRONTOFYOUREXPOSITORY
OFFENDING。\"SEEALSOLEROYEDWINFROOM,PROPHETICFAITHOFOURFATHERS
WASHINGTON,D。C。:REVIEWANDHERALDPUBLISHINGASSN。,1950,VOL。1,CHS。
1,2。
PAGE435。ATHREEFOLDMESSAGE——REVELATION14:6,7FORETELLSTHE
PROCLAMATIONOFTHEFIRSTANGEL’SMESSAGE。THENTHEPROPHETCONTINUES:
\"THEREFOLLOWEDANOTHERANGEL,SAYING,BABYLONISFALLEN,ISFALLEN……
ANDTHETHIRDANGELFOLLOWEDTHEM。\"THEWORDHERERENDERED\"FOLLOWED\"MEANS
\"TOGOALONGWITH,\"\"TOFOLLOWONE,\"\"GOWITHHIM。\"SEEHENRYGEORGELIDDELL
ANDROBERTSCOTT,GREEKENGLISHLEXICONOXFORD:CLARENDONPRESS,1940,VOL。1,P。52。ITALSOMEANS\"TOACCOMPANY。\"SEEGEORGEABBOTT-SMITH,A
MANUALGREEKLEXICONOFTHENEWTESTAMENTEDINBURGH:T。ANDT。CLARK,1950,PAGE17。ITISTHESAMEWORDTHATISUSEDINMARK5:24,\"JESUSWENT
WITHHIM;ANDMUCHPEOPLEFOLLOWEDHIM,ANDTHRONGEDHIM。\"ITISALSOUSED
OFTHEREDEEMEDONEHUNDREDANDFORTY-FOURTHOUSAND,REVELATION14:4,WHERE
ITISSAID,\"THESEARETHEYWHICHFOLLOWTHELAMBWHITHERSOEVERHEGOETH。\"
INBOTHTHESEPLACESITISEVIDENTTHATTHEIDEAINTENDEDTOBECONVEYEDIS
THATOF\"GOINGTOGETHER,\"\"INCOMPANYWITH。\"SOIN1CORINTHIANS10:4,WHERE
WEREADOFTHECHILDRENOFISRAELTHAT\"THEYDRANKOFTHATSPIRITUALROCK
THATFOLLOWEDTHEM,\"THEWORD\"FOLLOWED\"ISTRANSLATEDFROMTHESAMEGREEK
WORD,ANDTHEMARGINHASIT,\"WENTWITHTHEM。\"FROMTHISWELEARNTHATTHE
IDEAINREVELATION14:8,9ISNOTSIMPLYTHATTHESECONDANDTHIRDANGELS
FOLLOWEDTHEFIRSTINPOINTOFTIME,BUTTHATTHEYWENTWITHHIM。THETHREE
MESSAGESAREBUTONETHREEFOLDMESSAGE。THEYARETHREEONLYINTHEORDEROF
THEIRRISE。BUTHAVINGRISEN,THEYGOONTOGETHERANDAREINSEPARABLE。
PAGE447。SUPREMACYOFTHEBISHOPSOFROME——FORTHELEADINGCIRCUMSTANCES
INTHEASSUMPTIONOFSUPREMACYBYTHEBISHOPSOFROME,SEEROBERTFRANCIS
CARDINALBELLARMINE,POWEROFTHEPOPESINTEMPORALAFFAIRSTHEREISAN
ENGLISHTRANSLATIONINTHELIBRARYOFCONGRESS,WASHINGTON,D。C。;HENRY
EDWARDCARDINALMANNING,THETEMPORALPOWEROFTHEVICAROFJESUSCHRIST
LONDON:BURNSANDLAMBERT,2DED。,1862;ANDJAMESCARDINALGIBBONS,FAITH
OFOURFATHERSBALTIMORE:JOHNMURPHYCO。,110THED。,1917,CHS。5,9,10,12。FORPROTESTANTAUTHORSSEETREVORGERVASEJALLAND,THECHURCHANDTHE
PAPACYLONDON:SOCIETYFORPROMOTINGCHRISTIANKNOWLEDGE,1944,ABAMP
694
LONDON:BURNSANDLAMBERT,2DED。,1862;ANDJAMESCARDINALGIBBONS,FAITH
OFOURFATHERSBALTIMORE:JOHNMURPHYCO。,110THED。,1917,CHS。5,9,10,12。FORPROTESTANTAUTHORSSEETREVORGERVASEJALLAND,THECHURCHANDTHE
PAPACYLONDON:SOCIETYFORPROMOTINGCHRISTIANKNOWLEDGE,1944,ABAMPTON
LECTURE;ANDRICHARDFREDERICKLITTLEDALE,PETRINECLAIMSLONDON:SOCIETY
FORPROMOTINGCHRISTIANKNOWLEDGE,1899。FORSOURCESOFTHEEARLYCENTURIES
OFTHEPETRINETHEORY,SEEJAMEST。SHOTWELLANDLOUISEROPESLOOMIS,THE
SEEOFPETERNEWYORK:COLUMBIAUNIVERSITYPRESS,1927。FORTHEFALSE
\"DONATIONOFCONSTANTINE\"SEECHRISTOPHERB。COLEMAN,THETREATISEOF
LORENZOVALLAONTHEDONATIONOFCONSTANTINENEWYORK,1914,WHICHGIVES
THEFULLLATINTEXTANDTRANSLATION,ANDACOMPLETECRITICISMOFTHE
DOCUMENTANDITSTHESIS。
PAGE565。WITHHOLDINGTHEBIBLEFROMTHEPEOPLE——SEENOTEFORPAGE340。
PAGE578。THEETHIOPIANCHURCHANDTHESABBATH——UNTILRATHERRECENTYEARS
THECOPTICCHURCHOFETHIOPIAOBSERVEDTHESEVENTH-DAYSABBATH。THE
ETHIOPIANSALSOKEPTSUNDAY,THEFIRSTDAYOFTHEWEEK,THROUGHOUTTHEIR
HISTORYASACHRISTIANPEOPLE。THESEDAYSWEREMARKEDBYSPECIALSERVICESIN
THECHURCHES。THEOBSERVANCEOFTHESEVENTH-DAYSABBATHHAS,HOWEVER,VIRTUALLYCEASEDINMODERNETHIOPIA。FOREYEWITNESSACCOUNTSOFRELIGIOUS
DAYSINETHIOPIA,SEEPEROGOMESDETEIXEIRA,THEDISCOVERYOFABYSSINIABY
THEPORTUGUESEIN1520TRANSLATEDINENGLISHINLONDON:BRITISHMUSEUM,1938,P。79;FATHERFRANCISCOALVEREZ,NARRATIVEOFTHEPORTUGUESEEMBASSY
TOABYSSINIADURINGTHEYEARS1520-1527,INTHERECORDSOFTHEHAKLUYT
SOCIETYLONDON,1881,VOL。64,PP。22-49;MICHAELRUSSELL,NUBIAAND
ABYSSINIAQUOTINGFATHERLOBO,CATHOLICMISSIONARYINETHIOPIAIN1622
NEWYORK:HARPER&BROTHERS,1837,PP。
226-229;S。GIACOMOBARATTI,LATETRAVELSINTOTHEREMOTECOUNTRIESOF
ABYSSINIALONDON:BENJAMINBILLINGSLEY,1670,PP。134-137;JOBLUDOLPHUS,ANEWHISTORYFORETHIOPIALONDON:S。SMITH,1682,PP。
234-357;SAMUELGOBAT,JOURNALOFTHREEYEARS’RESIDENCEINABYSSINIA
NEWYORK:ED。OF1850,PP。55-58,83-98。FOROTHERWORKSTOUCHINGUPONTHE
QUESTION,SEEPETERHEYLYN,HISTORYOFTHESABBATH,2DED。,1636,VOL。2,PP。198-200;ARTHURP。STANLEY,LECTURESONTHEHISTORYOFTHEEASTERN
CHURCHNEWYORK:CHARLESSCRIBNER’SSONS,1882,LECTURE1,PAR。1;C。F。
REY,ROMANCEOFTHEPORTUGUESEINABYSSINIALONDON:F。H。ANDG。WITHERLEY,1929,PP。59,253-297。
TheEnd