TheCzarinaalsocaressedmeagooddeal。TheQueen[Mamma]andsheplacedthemselvesunderthedais，eachinanarm—chair\"ofproperdignity；\"IwasattheQueen’sside，andthePrincessesoftheBlood，\"Margravinesabovespokenof，\"wereoppositetoher，\"——
allinastandingposture，asisproper。
\"TheCzarinawasalittlestumpybody，verybrown，andhadneitherairnorgrace:youneededonlylookather，toguessherlowextraction。\"Itisnosecret，shehadbeenakitchen—wenchinherLithuaniannativecountry；afterwardsafemaleofthekindcalledunfortunate，underseveralfigures:however，shesavedtheCzaronce，byherready—witandcourage，fromadevouringTurkishDifficulty，andhemadeherfortunateandaCzarina，tositunderthedaisasnow。\"Withherhuddleofclothes，shelookedforalltheworldlikeaGermanPlay—actress；herdress，youwouldhavesaid，hadbeenboughtatasecond—handshop；allwasoutoffashion，allwasloadedwithsilverandgreasydirt。Thefrontofherbodiceshehadornamentedwithjewelsinaverysingularpattern:Adouble—eagleinembroidery，andtheplumesofitsetwithpoorlittlediamonds，ofthesmallestpossiblecarat，andveryillmounted。AllalongthefacingofhergownwereOrdersandlittlethingsofmetal；adozenOrders，andasmanyPortraitsofsaints，ofrelicsandthelike；sothatwhenshewalked，itwaswithajingling，asifyouheardamulewithbellstoitsharness。\"——PoorlittleCzarina；shiftynutbrownfellow—creature，strangelychasedaboutfromthebottomtothetopofthisworld；itisevidentshedoesnotsucceedatQueenSophieDorothee’sCourt！——
\"TheCzar，ontheotherhand，wasverytall，andmightbecalledhandsome，\"continuesWilhelmina:\"hiscountenancewasbeautiful，buthadsomethingofsavageinitwhichputyouinfear。\"PartlyakindofMilton’s—Devilphysiognomy？ThePortraitsgiveitratherso。Archangelnotquiteruined，yetinsadlyruinouscondition；
itsheroismsobemired，——withaturnforstrongdrink，too，attimes！Aphysiognomytomakeonereflect。\"Hisdresswasofsailorfashion，coat，altogetherplain。\"
\"TheCzarina，whospokeGermanveryillherself，anddidnotunderstandwellwhattheQueensaid，beckonedtoherFooltocomenear，\"——apoorfemalecreature，whohadoncebeenaPrincessGalitzin，buthavinggotintomischief，hadbeenexcusedtotheCzarbyherhighrelationsasmad，andsavedfromdeathorSiberia，intoherpresentstrangeharborofrefuge。WithhertheCzarinatalkedinunknownRuss，evidently\"laughingmuchandloud，\"tillSupperwasannounced。
\"Attable，\"continuesWilhelmina，\"theCzarplacedhimselfbesidetheQueen。ItisunderstoodthisPrincewasattemptedwithpoisoninhisyouth，andthatsomethingofithadsettledonhisnerveseverafter。Onethingiscertain，theretookhimveryoftenasortofconvulsion，likeTicorSt。—Vitus，whichitwasbeyondhispowertocontrol。Thathappenedattablenow。Hegotintocontortions，gesticulations；andastheknifewasinhishand，andwentdancingaboutwithinarm’s—lengthoftheQueen，itfrightenedher，andshemotionedseveraltimestorise。TheCzarbeggedhernottomind，forhewoulddohernoill；atthesametimehetookherbythehand，whichhegraspedwithsuchviolencethattheQueenwasforcedtoshriekout。Thissethimheartilylaughing；
sayingshehadnotbonesofsohardatextureashisCatherine’s。
Supperdone，agrandBallhadbeengotready；buttheCzarescapedatonce，andwalkedhomebyhimselftoMonbijou，leavingtheotherstodance。\"
Wilhelmina’sstoryoftheCabinetofAntiques；oftheIndecentlittleStatuethere，andoftheordersCatherinegottokissit，witha\"KOPFAB（Headoff，ifyouwon’t）！\"fromthebanteringCzar，whomshehadtoobey，——isnotincredible，afterwhatwehaveseen。Itseems，hebeggedthisbitofAntiqueIndecencyfromFriedrichWilhelm；who，wemayfancy，wouldgivehimsuchanarticlewithespecialreadiness。Thatsameday，fourthoftheVisit，Thursday，23dofthemonth，theaugustPartywentitswaysagain；FriedrichWilhelmconvoying\"asfarasPotsdam；\"CzarandSuitetakingthatroutetowardsMecklenburg，wherehestillintendssomelittlepausebeforeproceedinghomeward。
FriedrichWilhelmtookfarewell；andneversawtheCzaragain。
ItwasonthisJourney，bestpartofwhichisnowdone，thatthefamousOrderbore，\"Doitforsixthousandthalers；won’tallowyouoneotherpenny（niteinenPfenniggebemehrdazu）；butgiveouttotheworldthatitcostsmethirtyorfortythousand！\"Nay，itisonrecordthatthesumprovedabundant，andevensuperabundant，nearhalfofitbeingleftasoverplus。[Forster，i。215。]ThehospitalitiesofBerlin，FriedrichWilhelmtookuponhimself，andhehasdonethemaswesee。YoushalldefrayhisCzarishMajesty，tothelastPrussianmilestone；punctually，properly，thoughwiththrift！
Peter’s，VIATICUM，theAntiqueIndecency，FriedrichWilhelmdidnotgrudgetopartwith；gladtopurchasetheCzar’sgood—willbycoinofthatkind。Lastyear，atHavelberg，hehadgiventheCzaranentireCabinetofAmberArticles，belongingtohislateFather。
AmberCabinet，inthelump；andlikewisesuchaYacht，forshape，splendorandoutfit，asprobablyHollandneverlaunchedbefore；——
YachtalsobelongingtohislateFather，andwithoutvaluetoFriedrichWilhelm。TheoldKinghadgotitbuiltinHolland，regardlessofexpense，——15，000pounds，theysay，perhapsasgoodas50，000poundsnow；——anditlayatPotsdam:goodforwhat？
FriedrichWilhelmsentitdowntheHavel，downtheElbe，silksailorsandall，towardsHamburgandPetersburg，withagreatdealofpleasure。FortheCzar，andpeaceandgood—willwiththeCzar，wasofessentialvaluetohim。Neither，atanyrate，istheCzaramantotakegiftswithoutreturn。Tallfellowsforsoldiers:
thatisalwaysoneprimeobjectwithFriedrichWilhelm；
foralreadythesePotsdamGuardsofhisaregettingevermoregigantic。Notlessanobject，thoughlessanidealorPOETICone（asweoncedefined），wasthisother，tofindbuyersfortheManufactures，newandold，whichhewassobentonencouraging。
\"Itisastonishing，whatquantitiesofcloth，ofhardware，salt，andallkindsofmanufacturedarticlestheRussiansbuyfromus，\"
saytheoldBooks；——\"seehowour’RussianCompany’flourishes！\"
Inboththeseobjects，nottospeakofpeaceandgood—willingeneral，theCzarisourman。
Thus，thisveryAutumn，therearrive，astonishedandastonishing，nofewerthanahundredandfiftyhumanfigures（onehalfMORE
thanwerepromised），probablyfromseventoeightfeethigh；
thetallesttheCzarcouldriddleoutfromhisDominions:whatawindfalltothePotsdamGuardanditsColonel—King！AndallsucceedingAutumnsthelike，solongasFriedrichWilhelmlived；
everyAutumn，outofRussiaahundredofthetallestmortalsliving。Invaluable，——toa\"manofgenius\"mountedonhishobby！
One’s\"stanza\"canbepolishedatthisrate。
InreturnfortheseRussiansonsofAnak，FriedrichWilhelmgrudgednottosendGermansmiths，millwrights，drill—sergeants，cannoneers，engineers；havingplentyofthem。Bywhom，asPeterwellcalculated，theinertopaqueRussianmassmightbekindledintoluminosityandvitality；anddrilledtoknowtheArtofWar，foronething。Whichfollowedaccordingly。Anditisobservable，eversince，thattheRussianArtofWarhasatinctureofGERMAN
init（solidGerman，ascontradistinguishedfromunsolidRevolutionary—French）；andhintstousofFriedrichWilhelmandtheOldDessauer，tothishour。——EXEANTnowtheBarbaricsemi—fabulousSovereignties，tillwantedagain。
ChapterVIII。
THECROWN—PRINCEISPUTTOHISSCHOOLING。
Inhisseventhyear，youngFriedrichwastakenoutofthehandsofthewomen；andhadTutorsandSub—Tutorsofmasculinegender，whohadbeennominatedforhimsometimeago，actuallysettoworkupontheirfunction。Thesewehavealreadyheardof；theycamefromStralsundSiege，alltheprincipalhands。
DuhandeJandun，theyoungFrenchgentlemanwhohadescapedfromgrammar—lessonstothetrenches，heisthepracticalteacher。
Lieutenant—GeneralGrafFinkvonFinkensteinandLieutenant—ColonelvonKalkstein，theyareHeadTutor（OBERHOFMEISTER）andSub—Tutor；militarymenboth，whohadbeeninmanywarsbesidesStralsund。Bythesethreehewasassiduouslyeducated，subordinateschoolmastersworkingunderthemwhenneedful，insuchbranchesasthepaternaljudgmentwouldadmit；
thepaternalobjectandtheirsbeingtoinfuseusefulknowledge，rejectuseless，andwindupthewholeintoamilitaryfinish。
Theseappointments，madeatdifferentprecisedates，tookeffect，allofthem，intheyear1719。
Duhan，independentlyofhisexperienceinthetrenches，appearstohavebeenanaccomplished，ingeniousandconscientiousman；
whodidcredittoFriedrichWilhelm’sjudgment；andtowhomFriedrichprofessedhimselfmuchindebtedinafterlife。
Theirprogressinsomeofthetechnicalbranches，asweshallperceive，wasindisputablyunsatisfactory。ButthemindoftheBoyseemstohavebeenopenedbythisDuhan，toalively，andinsomesortgenial，perceptionofthingsroundhim；——ofthestrangeconfusedlyopulentUniversehehadgotinto；andofthenobleandsupremefunctionwhichIntelligenceholdsthere；supremeinArtasinNature，beyondallotherfunctionswhatsoever。Duhanwasnowturnedofthirty:acheerfulamiableFrenchman；poor，thoughofgoodbirthandacquirements；originallyfromChampagne。Friedrichlovedhimverymuch；alwaysconsideredhimhisspiritualfather；andtotheendofDuhan’slife，twentyyearshence，waseagertodohimanygoodinhispower。Anxiousalwaystorepair，forpoorDuhan，thegreatsorrowshecametoonhisaccount，asweshallsee。
OfGrafFinkvonFinkenstein，whohashadmilitaryexperiencesofallkindsandalldegrees，frommarchingasprisonerintoFrance，\"woundedandwithouthishat，\"tofightingatMalplaquet，atBlenheim，evenatSteenkirk，aswellasStralsund；whoisnowinhissixtiethyear，andseemstohavebeenagentlemanofratherhighsolemnmanners，andindeedofundeniableperfections，——ofthissupremeCountFinkwelearnalmostnothingfartherintheBooks，exceptthathislittlePupildidnotdislikehimeither。ThelittlePupiltooknotunkindlytoFink；welcominganybenignanthumanray，acrosstheseloftygravitiesoftheOBERHOFMEISTER；
wentoftentohishouseinBerlin；andmadeacquaintancewithtwoyoungFinksabouthisownage，whomhefoundthere，andwhobecameimportanttohim，especiallytheyoungerofthem，inthecourseofthefuture。[Zedlitz—Neukirch，PreussischesAdels—Lexikon（Leipzig，l836），ii。168。Militair—Lexicon，i。420。]ThisPupil，itmaybesaid，iscreditablyknownforhisattachmenttohisTeachersandothers；anattachedandattachinglittleBoy。OfKalkstein，arational，experiencedandearnestkindofman，thoughasyetbutyoung，itiscertainalsothatthelittleFritzlovedhim；andfurthermorethattheGreatFriedrichwasgratefultohim，andhadahighesteemofhisintegrityandsense。\"Mymaster，Kalkstein，\"usedtobehisdesignationofhim，whenthenamechancedtobementionedinaftertimes。Theycontinuedtogether，withvariouspassagesofmutualhistory，forfortyyearsafterwards，tillKalkstein’sdeath。
Kalksteinisatpresenttwenty—eight，theyoungestofthethreeTutors；then，andeverafter，analtogetherdownrightcorrectsoldierandman。HeisofPreussen，orPrussiaProper，thisKalkstein；——ofthesamekindredasthatmutinousKalkstein，whomweonceheardof，whowas\"rolledinacarpet，\"andkidnappedoutofWarsaw，intheGreatElector’stime。NotadirectdescendantofthatbeheadedKalkstein’sbut，asitwere，hisNEPHEWsomanytimesremoved。Preussenisnowfarenoughfrommutiny；subdued，withallitsKalksteins，intoarespectfulsilence，notlightlyusingtherightevenofpetition，orsubmissiveremonstrance，whichitmaystillhave。Nor，exceptonthescoreofparliamentaryeloquenceandnewspapercopyright，doesitappearthatPreussenhassufferedbythechange。
HowtheseFink—Kalksteinfunctionariesproceededinthegreattasktheyhadgot，——verygreattask，hadtheyknownwhatPupilhadfallentothem，——isnotdirectlyrecordedforus，withanysequenceordistinctness。Weinferonlythateverythingwentbyinflexibleroutiue；notaskingatall，WHATpupil？——normuch，Whetheritwouldsuitanypupil？Duhan，withthetendencieswehaveseeninhim，whoiswillingtosoftentheinflexiblewhenpossible，andto\"guideNature\"byaratherlooserein，wasprobablyagenialelementintheotherwisestrictaffair。
Fritzhadoneunspeakableadvantage，rareamongprincesandevenamongpeasantsintheseruinedages:thatofNOTbeingtaught，oringeneralnot，bythekindcalled\"Hypocrites，andevenSincere—Hypocrites，\"——fatalestspeciesoftheclassHYPOCRITE。
Weperceivehewaslessoned，allalong，notbyenchantedPhantasmsofthatdangeroussort，breathingmendacityofmind，unconsciously，outofeverylook；butbyrealMen，whobelievedfromtheheartoutwards，andweredailydoingwhattheytaught。
Towhichunspeakableadvantageweaddasecond，likewiseconsiderable；Thathismasters，thoughrigorous，werenotunlovabletohim；——thathisaffections，atleast，werekeptalive；
thatwhateverofseed（orofchaffandhail，aswaslikelier）fellonhismind，hadSUNSHINEtohelpindealingwithit。Thesearetwoadvantagesstillachievable，thoughwithdifficulty，inourepoch，byanearnestfatherinbehalfofhispoorlittleson。
Andtheseare，atpresent，nearlyall；withthesewellachieved，theearnestfatherandhissonoughttobethankful。Alas，inmatterofeducation，therearenohigh—roadsatpresent；ortherearesuchonlyasdoNOTleadtothegoal。Fritz，liketherestofus，hadtostrugglehisway，NatureandDidacticArtdifferingverymuchfromoneanother；andtodobattle，incessantpartialbattle，withhisschoolmastersforanyeducationhehad。
AveryroughDocument，givingFriedrichWilhelm’sregulationsonthissubject，fromhisownhand，hascomedowntous。Mostdull，embroiled，heavyDocument；intricate，gnarled，and，infine，roughandstiffasnaturalbull—headednesshelpedbyPrussianpipe—claycanmakeit；——containssomeexcellenthints，too；andwillshowussomethingofFritzchenandofFriedrichWilhelmbothatonce。
Thatistosay，always，ifitcanberead！Ifbyaidofabridging，elucidatingandarranging，wecangetthereaderengagedtoperuseitpatiently；——whichseemsdoubtful。Thepointsinsistedon，inaponderousbutstragglingconfusedmanner，byhisdidacticMajesty，arechieflythese:——
1。MustimpressmySonwithaproperloveandfearofGod，asthefoundationandsolepillarofourtemporalandeternalwelfare。Nofalsereligions，orsectsofAtheist，Arian（ArRian），Socinian，orwhatevernamethepoisonousthingshave，whichcansoeasilycorruptayoungmind，aretobeevennamedinhishearing:
ontheotherhand，aproperabhorrence（ABSCHEU）ofPapistry，andinsightintoitsbaselessnessandnonsensicality（UNGRUNDUND
ABSURDITAT），istobecommunicatedtohim:\"——Papistry，whichisfalseenough，liketheothers，butimpossibletobeignoredlikethem；mentionthat，andgivehimdueabhorrenceforit。ForweareProtestanttotheboneinthiscountry；andcannotstandABSURDITAT，leastofallhypocriticallyreligiousditto！Butthegrandthingwillbe，\"Toimpressonhimthetruereligion，whichconsistsessentiallyinthis，ThatChristdiedforallmen，\"andgenerallythattheAlmighty’sjusticeiseternalandomnipresent，——\"whichconsiderationistheonlymeansofkeepingasovereignperson（SOUVERAINEMACHT），oronefreedfromhumanpenalties，intherightway。\"
2。\"HeistolearnnoLatin；\"observethat，howeveritmaysurpriseyou。WhathasalivingGermanmanandKing，oftheeighteenthChristianSOECULUM，todowithdeadoldHeathenLatins，Romans，andthelingoTHEYspoketheirfractionofsenseandnonsensein？Frightful，howtheyoungyearsoftheEuropeanGenerationshavebeenwasted，fortencenturiesback；andtheThinkersoftheworldhavebecomemerewalkingSacksofMarine—stores，\"GELEHRTEN，Learned，\"astheycallthemselves；
andgoneLOSTtotheworld，inthatmanner，asasetofconfiscatedPedants；——babblingaboutsaidHeathens，andTHEIR
extinctlingoandfractionofsenseandnonsense，forthethousandyearslastpast！HeathenLatins，Romans；——whoperhapswerenogreatthingsofHeathen，afterall，ifwellseeninto？Ihaveheardjudgessay，theywereINferior，inrealworthandgrist，toGermanhome—growthswehavehad，iftheconfiscatedPedantscouldhavediscernedit！Atanyrate，theyaredead，burieddeep，thesetwothousandyears；welloutofourway；——andnonsenseenoughofourownleft，tokeepsweepingintocorners。Silenceabouttheirlingoandthem，tothisnewCrown—Prince！\"LetthePrincelearnFrenchandGerman，\"soastowriteandspeak，\"withbrevityandpropriety，\"inthesetwolanguages，whichmaybeusefultohiminlife。Thatwillsufficeforlanguages，——providedhehaveanythingeffectuallyrationaltosayinthem。Fortherest，3。\"LethimlearnArithmetic，Mathematics，Artillery，——
Economytotheverybottom。\"And，inshort，usefulknowledgegenerally；uselessdittonotatall。\"Historyinparticular；——
AncientHistoryonlyslightly（NURUBERHIN）；——buttheHistoryofthelasthundredandfiftyYearstotheexactestpitch。TheJUS
NATURALEandJUSGENTIUM，\"bywayofhand—lamptoHistory，\"hemustbecompletelymasterof；asalsoofGeography，whateverisremarkableineachCountry。AndinHistories，mostespeciallytheHistoryofthehouseofBrandenburg；wherehewillfinddomesticexamples，whicharealwaysofmoreforcethanforeign。
AndalongwithPrussianHistory，chieflythatoftheCountrieswhichhavebeenconnectedwithit，asEngland，Brunswick，Hessenandtheothers。AndinreadingofwiseHistory—bookstheremustbeconsiderationsmade（sollenbeymLesenklugerHistoriarumBetrachtungengemachtwerden）uponthecausesoftheevents。\"——Surely，OKing！
4。\"Withincreasingyears，youwillmoreandmore，toamostespecialdegree，gouponFortification，\"——markyou！——\"theFormationofaCamp，andtheotherWar—Sciences；thatthePrincemay，fromyouthupwards，betrainedtoactasOfficerandGeneral，andtoseekallhisgloryinthesoldierprofession。\"Thisiswhitheritmustalltend。You，FinkensteinandKalkstein，\"havebothofyou，inthehighestmeasure，tomakeityourcaretoinfuseintomySon[EINZUPRAGEN，stampintohim]atruelovefortheSoldierbusiness，andtoimpressonhimthat，asthereisnothingintheworldwhichcanbringaPrincerenownandhonorlikethesword，sohewouldbeadespisedcreaturebeforeallmen，ifhedidnotloveit，andseekhissoleglory（DIEEINZIGE
GLORIA）therein。\"[Preuss，i。11—14（ofdate13thAugust，1718）。]
Whichisanextremestatementofthecase；showinghowmuchwehaveitatheart。
ThesearethechiefFriedrich—Wilhelmtraits；therestofthedocumentcorrespondsingeneraltowhatthelateMajestyhadwrittenforFriedrichWilhelmhimselfonthelikeoccasion。
[Stenzel，iii。572。]RuthlesscontemptofUselessKnowledge；
andpassionateinsightintothedistinctionbetweenUsefulandUseless，especiallyintotheworthofSoldieringasaroyalaccomplishment，arethechiefpeculiaritieshere。InwhichlatterpointtooFriedrichWilhelm，himselfthemostpacificofmen，unlessyoupulledthewhiskersofhim，orbrokeintohisgoodsandchattels，knewverywellwhathewasmeaning，——muchbetterthanweofthe\"PeaceSociety\"and\"PhilanthropicMovement\"couldimagineatfirstsight！Itisathinghe，forhispart，isverydecidedupon。
Already，ayearbeforethistime，[1stSeptember，1717:Preuss，i。13。]therehadbeeninstituted，forexpressbehoofoflittleFritz，aminiatureSoldierCompany，aboveahundredstrong；
whichgrewafterwardstobenearthreehundred，andindeedrosetobeapermanentInstitutionbydegrees；calledKompagniederKronprinzlichenKadetten（CompanyofCrown—PrinceCadets）。Ahundredandtenboysabouthisownage，sonsofnoblefamilies，hadbeenselectedfromthethreeMilitarySchoolsthenextant，asakindoftinyregimentforhim；where，ifhewasbynomeanscommanderallatonce，hemightlearnhisexerciseinfellowshipwithothers。CzarPeter，itislikely，tookaglanceofthistinyregimentjustgettingintorankandfilethere；
whichwouldremindtheCzarofhisownyoungdays。AnexperiencedLieutenant—Colonelwasappointedtocommandinchief。Acertainhandyandcorrectyoungfellow，Rentselbyname，aboutseventeen，whoalreadyknewhisfuglingtoahair’s—breadth，wasDrill—master；andexencisedthemall，Fritzespecially，withduestrictness；till，inthecourseoftimeandofattainments，Fritzcouldhimselftaketheheadcharge。Whichhedidduly，inayearortwo:alittlesoldierthenceforth；properlystrict，thoughofsmalldimensions；intightbluebitofcoatandcocked—hat:——
miniatureimageofPapa（itisfondlyhopedandexpected），resemblinghimasasixpencedoesahalf—crown。In1721theassiduousPapasetupa\"littlearsenal\"forhim，\"intheOrangeHallofthePalace:\"therelethim，withperhapsachosencomradeortwo，mountbatteries，fireexceedinglysmallbrassordnance，——
hisEngineer—Teacher，oneMajorvonSenning，limpingabout（oncorkleg），andsuperintendingifneedful。
Rentzel，itisknown，provedanexcellentDrill—sergeant；——hadgoodtalentseveryway，andwasamanofprobityandsense。
Heplayedbeautifullyontheflutetoo，andhadacheerfulconversibleturn；whichnaturallyrecommendedhimstillfarthertoFritz；andawokeorencouraged，amongotherfaculties，themusicalfacultyinthelittleBoy。Rentzelcontinuedabouthim，orinsightofhim，throughlife；advancinggradually，nottoofast，accordingtorealmeritandservice（Colonelin1759）；andneverdiddiscredittothechoiceFriedrichWilhelmhadmadeofhim。
OfSenning，too，Engineer—MajorvonSenning，whogaveFritzhislessonsinMathematics，Fortificationandthekindredbranches，thelike，orbetter，canbesaid。Hewasofgraveryears；hadlostalegintheMarlboroughCampaigns，poorgentleman；buthadabundantsense，nativeworthandcheeryrationaltalk，inhim:
sothathetoocouldneverbepartedwithbyFriedrich，butwaskeptonhandtothelast，apermanentandvariouslyserviceableacquisition。
Thus，atleast，isthemilitaryeducationofourCrown—Princecaredfor。Andwearetofancythelittlefellow，fromhistenthyearorearlier，goingaboutinminiaturesoldierfigure，formostpart；instrictSpartan—Brandenburgcostume，ofbodyasofmind。
Costumelittleflatteringtohisownprivatetasteforfinery；
yetbynomeansunwholesometohim，ashecameafterwardstoknow，InOctober，1723，itisonrecord，whenGeorgeI。cametovisithisSon—in—lawandDaughteratBerlin，hisBritannicMajesty，lookingoutfromhisnewquartersonthemorrow，sawFritzchen\"drillinghisCadetCompany；\"averyprettylittlephenomenon。
Drillingwithclearvoice，militarysharpness，andtheprecisionofclock—workontheEsplanade（LUSTGARTEN）there；——anddoubtlesstheBritannicMajestygavesomegruntofacquiescence，perhapsevenasmile，rareonthatsquareheavy—ladencountenanceofhis。
Thatistherecord:[Forster，i。215。]andtrulyitformsforusbyfartheliveliestlittlepicturewehavegot，fromthosedulloldyearsofEuropeanHistory。Yearsalreadysunk，orsinking，intolonesomeunpeopledDuskforallmen；andfastvergingtowardsvacantOblivionandeternalNight；——which（ifsomefewarticleswereoncesavedoutofthem）istheirjustandinevitableportionfromafflictedhumannature。
Ofriding—masters，fencing—masters，swimming—masters；muchlessofdancing—masters，music—masters（celebratedGraun，\"ontheorgan，\"
withPsalm—tunes），wecannotspeak；butthereadermaybesatisfiedtheywereallthere，goodoftheirkind，andpushingonatafairrate。NoristherelackanywhereofpaternalsupervisiontoouryoungApprentice，Fromanearlyage，PapatooktheCrown—PrincewithhimonhisannualReviews。FromutmostMemelontheRussianborder，downtoWeselontheFrench，allPrussia，ineverynookofit，garrison，marching—regiment，boardofmanagement，isrigorouslyreviewedbyMajestyonceayear。
TheretravelslittlemilitaryFritz，besidethemilitaryMajesty，amidthegeneralsandofficialpersons，intheirhardySpartanmanner；andlearnstolookintoeverythinglikeaRhadamanthineArgus，andhowtheeyeofthemaster，morethanallotherappliances，fattensthecattle。
Onhishunts，too，Papatookhim。ForPapawasafamoushunter，whenatWusterhausenintheseason:——hotBeagle—chase，hotStag—hunt，yourchiefgamedeer；huge\"Force—Hunt\"（PARFORCE—JAGD，thewoodsallbeaten，andyourwildbeastsdrivenintostraitsandcaudine—forksforyou）；Boar—hunting（SAUHETZE，\"sow—baiting，\"astheGermanscallit），Partridge—shooting，Fox—andWolf—hunting；——
onallgrandexpeditionsofsuchsort，littleFritzshallridewithPapaandparty。Roughfuriousriding；nowonswiftsteed，nowatplacesonWURSTWAGEN，——WURSTWAGEN，\"Sausage—Car\"socalled，mostSpartanofvehicles，amereSTUFFEDPOLEor\"sausage\"withwheelstoit，onwhichyousitastride，adozenorsoofyou，andcareer；——regardlessofthesummerheatandsandydust，ofthewinter’sfrost—stormsandmuddyrain。AllthisthelittleCrown—Princeisboundtodo；——butlikesitlessandless，someofusaresorrytoobserve！Infacthecouldnottaketohuntingatall，orfindtheleastofpermanentsatisfactioninshootingpartridgesandbaitingsows，——\"withsuchanexpenditureofindustryandsuchdamagetotheseedfields，\"hewouldsometimesallegeinextenuation。Inlateryearshehasbeenknowntoretireintosomegladeofthethickets，andholdalittleFlute—HautboisConcertwithhismusicalcomrades，whilethesowsweregettingbaited。OrhewouldconversewithMammaandherLadies，ifherMajestychancedtobethere，inadayforopendriving。
WhichthingsbynomeansincreasedhisfavorwithPapa，aswornhaterof\"effeminatepractices。\"
Hewas\"nourishedonbeer—soup，\"aswesaidbefore。Frugality，activity，exactitudewerelessonsdailyandhourlybroughthometohim，ineverythinghedidandsaw。Hisverysleepwasstingilymetedouttohim:\"Toomuchsleepstupefiesafellow！\"FriedrichWilhelmwaswonttosay；——sothattheverydoctorshadtointerfere，inthismatter，forlittleFritz。Frugalenough，hardyenough；urgedineverywaytolookwithindifferenceonhardship，andtakeaSpartanviewoflife。
Money—allowancecompletelyhisown，hedoesnotseemtohavehadtillhewasseventeen。Exiguouspocket—money，countedinGROSCHEN
（EnglishPENCE，orhardlymore），onlyhisKalksteinandFinkensteincouldgrantastheysawgood；——abouteighteenpenceinthemonth，tostartwith，aswouldappear。Theothersmallincidentalmoneys，necessaryforhisuse，werelikewisealllaidoutundersanctionofhisTutors，andaccuratelyenteredinDay—booksbythem，auditedbyFriedrichWilhelm；ofwhichsomespecimensremain，andonewholemonth，September，1719（theBoy’seighthyear），hasbeenpublished。Verysingulartocontemplate，inthesedaysofgold—nuggetsandirrationalman—mountainsfattenedbymankindatsuchaprice！Themonthlyamountappearstohavebeensome3pounds10shillings:——andhasgone，allbuttheeighteenpenceofsovereignpocket—money，forsmallfurnishingsandveryminutenecessaryluxuries；——asthus:——
\"ToputtinghisHighness’sshoesonthelast；\"forstretchingthemtothelittlefeet，——andonlyone\"last，\"asweperceive。
\"TotwelveyardsofHairtape，\"——HAARBAND，forourlittlequeue，whichbecomesvisiblehere。\"Fordrink—moneytothePostilions。\"
\"FortheHousemaidsatWusterhausen，\"Don’tIpaythemmyself？
objectstheauditingPapa，atthatlatterkindofitems:Nomoreofthat。\"Formendingtheflute，fourGROSCHEN[orpence]；\"
\"TwoBoxesofColors，sixteenditto；\"\"Foralivesnipe，twopence；\"\"Forgrindingthehanger[littleswordkin]；\"\"ToaBoywhomthedogbit；\"andchieflyofall，\"TotheKLINGBEUTEL，\"——
Collection—plate，orbag，atChurch，——whichcomesuponusonce，naytwice，andeventhriceaweek，eighteenpenceeachtime，andeatsdeepintoourstraitenedmeans。[Preuss，i。17。]
OnsuchtermscanalittleFritzbenourishedintoaFriedrichtheGreat；whileirrationalman—mountains，ofthebeaverishorbeaverish—vulpinesort，takesuchapricetofattenthemintomonstrosity！TheArt—manufactureofyourFriedrichcancomeverycheap，itwouldappear，ifonceNaturehavedoneherpartinregardtohim，andtherebemerehonestwillonthepartoftheby—standers。ThusSamuelJohnson，too，costnexttonothinginthewayofboardandentertainmentinthisworld。AndaRobertBurns，remarkablemodernThor，aPeasant—godofthesesunkages，withatouchofmelodiousRUNESinhim（sinceallelselayunderbanforthepoorfellow），wasraisedonfrugaloatmeal，atanexpenseofperhapshalfacrownaweek。Nuggetsandducatsaredivine；
buttheyarenotthemostdivine。IoftenwishtheDevilhadthelion’sshareofthem，——atonce，andnotcircuitouslyasnow。
ItwouldbeanunspeakableadvantagetothebewilderedsonsofAdam，inthisepoch！
ButwithregardtoourlittleCrown—Prince’sintellectualculture，thereisanotherDocument，speciallyfromPapa’shand，which，ifwecanredact，adjustandabridgeit，asintheformercase，maybeworththereader’snotice，andelucidatesomethingsforhim。
Itisofdate，Wusterhausen，3dSeptember，1721；littleFritznowinhistenthyear，andoutthere，withhisDuhansandFinkensteins，whilePapaisrusticatingforafewweeks。
Theessentialtitleis，ormightbe:——
ToHead—GovernorvanFinkenstein，Sub—GovernorvonKalkstein，PreceptorJacquesEgideDuhandeJandun，andotherswhomitmayconcern:Regulationsforschooling，atWusterhausen，3dSeptember，1721；[Preuss，i。19。]——ingreatlyabridgedform。
SUNDAY。\"OnSundayheistoriseat7；andassoonashehasgothisslipperson，shallkneeldownathisbedside，andpraytoGod，soasallintheroommayhearit[thattherebenodeceptionorshortmeasurepalmeduponus]，inthesewords:’LordGod，blessedFather，Ithanktheefrommyheartthatthouhastsograciouslypreservedmethroughthisnight。Fitmeforwhatthyholywillis；
andgrantthatIdonothingthisday，norallthedaysofmylife，whichcandividemefromthee。FortheLordJesusmyRedeemer’ssake。Amen。’AfterwhichtheLord’sPrayer。Thenrapidlyandvigorously（GESCHWINDEUNDHURTIG）washhimselfclean，dressandpowderandcombhimself[weforgettosay，thatwhiletheyarecombingandqueuinghim，hebreakfasts，withbrevity，ontea]:
Prayer，withwashing，breakfastandtherest，tobedonepointedlywithinfifteenminutes[thatis，ataquarterpast7]。
\"Thisfinished，allhisDomesticsandDuhanshallcomein，anddofamilyworship（dasgrosseGebetzuhalten）:
Prayerontheirknees，DuhanwithaltoreadaChapteroftheBible，andsingsomeproperPsalmorHymn[aspractisedinwell—regulatedfamilies]:——Itwillthenbeaquarterto8。
AlltheDomesticsthenwithdrawagain；andDuhannowreadswithmySontheGospeloftheSunday；expoundsitalittle，adducingthemainpointsofChristianity；——questioningfromNoltenius’sCatechism[whichFritzknowsbyheart]:——itwillthenbe9o’clock。
\"At9hebringsmySondowntome；whogoestoChurch，anddines，alongwithme[dinneratthestrokeofNoon]:therestofthedayisthenhisown[Fritz’sandDuhan’s]。Athalf—past9intheevening，heshallcomeandbidmegoodnight。Shallthendirectlygotohisroom；veryrapidly（SEHRGESCHWIND）getoffhisclothes，washhishands[getintosometinydressing—gownorCASSAQUIN，nodoubt]；andsosoonasthatisdone，Duhanmakesaprayeronhisknees，andsingsahymn；alltheServantsbeingagainthere。
Instantlyafterwhich，mySonshallgetintobed；shallbeinbedathalf—past10；\"——andfallasleephowsoon，yourMajesty？Thisisverystrictwork。
MONDAY。\"OnMonday，asonallweekdays，heistobecalledat6；
andsosoonascalledheistorise；youaretostandtohim（ANHALTEN）thathedonotloiterorturninbed，butbrisklyandatoncegetup；andsayhisprayers，thesameasonSundaymorning。Thisdone，heshallasrapidlyaspossiblegetonhisshoesandspatterdashes；alsowashhisfaceandhands，butnotwithsoap。FarthershallputonhisCASSAQUIN[shortdressing—gown]，havehishaircombedoutandqueued，butnotpowdered。Whilegettingcombedandqueued，heshallatthesametimetakebreakfastoftea，sothatbothjobsgoonatonce；
andallthisshallbeendedbeforehalf—past6。\"ThenenterDuhanandtheDomestics，withworship，Bible，Hymn，allasonSunday；
thisisdoneby7，andtheServantsgoagain。
\"From7till9DuhantakeshimonHistory；at9comesNoltenius[asublimeClericalGentlemanfromBerlin]withtheChristianReligion，tillaquarterto11。ThenFritzrapidly（GESCHWIND）
washeshisfacewithwater，handswithsoap—and—water；
cleanshirt；powders，andputsonhiscoat；——about11comestotheKing。StayswiththeKingtill2，\"——perhapspromenadingalittle；
diningalwaysatNoon；afterwhichMajestyisapttobeslumberous，andlightamusementsareover。
\"Directlyat2，hegoesbacktohisroom。Duhanisthere，ready；
takeshimupontheMapsandGeography，from2to3，——givingaccount[gradually！]ofalltheEuropeanKingdoms；theirstrengthandweakness；size，richesandpovertyoftheirtowns。From3to4，DuhantreatsofMorality（solldieMoraltractiren）。From4to5，DuhanshallwriteGermanLetterswithhim，andseethathegetsagoodSTYLUM[whichheneverintheleastdid]。About5，Fritzshallwashhishands，andgototheKing；——rideout；diverthimself，intheairandnotinhisroom；
anddowhathelikes，ifitisnotagainstGod。\"
There，then，isaSunday，andthereisoneWeekday；whichlattermayserveforalltheotherfive:——thoughtheyarestrictlyspecifiedintheroyalmonograph，andeveryhourofthemmarkedout:How，andatwhatpointsoftime，besidesthisofHISTORY，ofMORALITY，andWRITINGINGERMAN，ofMapsandGEOGRAPHYwiththestrengthandweaknessofKingdoms，youaretotakeupARITHMETIC
morethanonce；WRITINGOFFRENCHLETTERS，soastoacquireagoodSTYLUM:inwhatnookyoumayintercalate\"alittlegettingbyheartofsomething，inordertostrengthenthememory；\"howinsteadofNoltenius，Panzendorf（anothersublimeReverendGentlemanfromBerlin，whocomesoutexpress）givestheclericaldrillonTuesdaymorning；——withwhichtwoonslaughts，ofanhour—and—halfeach，theClericalGentlemenseemtowithdrawfortheweek，andwehearnomoreofthemtillMondayandTuesdaycomeroundagain。
OnWednesdaywearehappytoobservealiberalsliceofholidaycomein。Athalf—past9，havingdonehisHISTORY，and\"gotsomethingbyhearttostrengthenthememory[verylittle，itistobefeared]，Fritzshallrapidlydresshimself，andcometotheKing。AndtherestofthedaybelongstolittleFritz（gehortvorFritzchen）。\"OnSaturday，too，thereissomefairchanceofhalf—holiday:——
\"SATURDAY，forenoontillhalf—past10，comeHistory，WritingandCiphering；especiallyrepetitionofwhatwasdonethroughtheweek，andinMORALITYaswell[addstherapidMajesty]，toseewhetherhehasprofited。AndGeneralGrafvonFinkenstein，withColonelvonKalkstein，shallbepresentduringthis。IfFritzhasprofited，theafternoonshallbehisown。Ifhehasnotprofited，heshall，from2to6，repeatandlearnrightlywhathehasforgottenonthepastdays。\"Andsothelaboringweekwindsitselfup。Here，however，isonegeneralrulewhichcannotbetoomuchimpresseduponYOU，withwhichweconclude:——
\"Inundressinganddressing，youmustaccustomhimtogetoutof，andinto，hisclothesasfastasishumanlypossible（
hurtigsovielalsmenschenmoglichist）。Youwillalsolookthathelearntoputonaudputoffhisclotheshimself，withouthelpfromothers；andthathebecleanandneat，andnotsodirty（nichtsoschmutzigenditalic>）。\"\"Notsodirty，\"thatismylastword；andhereismysign—manual，\"FRIEDRICHWILHELM。\"[Preuss，i。21。]
ChapterIX。
WUSTERHAUSEN。
Wusterhausen，whereforthepresenttheseoperationsgoon，liesabouttwentyEnglishmilessoutheastofBerlin，asyougotowardsSchlesien（Silesia）；——ontheoldSilesianroad，inaflatmoorycountrymadeofpeatandsand；——andisnotdistinguishedforitsbeautyatallamongroyalHunting—lodges。TheGohrdeatHanover，forexample，whatasplendorthereincomparison！ButitservesFriedrichWilhelm’ssimplepurposes:thereisgameabundantinthescraggywoodlands，otter—pools，fish—pools，andmirythickets，ofthatold\"Schenkenland\"（belongedalloncetothe\"SCHENKEN
Family，\"tilloldKingFriedrichboughtitforhisPrince）；
retinuesufficientfindnooksforlodgmentinthepooroldSchlosssocalled；andNolteniusandPanzendorfdriveouteachonceaweek，insomelightvehicle，todrillFritzinhisreligiousexercises。
OneZollner，aTouristtoSilesia，confesseshimselfratherpleasedtofindevenWusterhauseninsuchacountryofsandybent—grass，leancattle，andflatdesolatelanguor。
\"Gettingtothetopoftheridge\"（mostinsignificant\"ridge，\"
madebyhand；Wilhelminasatiricallysays），TouristZollnercandiscernwithpleasure\"aconsiderableBrook，\"——visible，notaudible，smoothStream，orchainofmeresandlakelets，flowinglanguidlynorthwardtowardsKopenik。InaudiblebigBrookorStream；which，weperceive，drainsaslightlyhollowedTract；
tooshallowtobecalledvalley，——ofseveralmilesinwidth，ofseveralyardsindepth；——Tractwithwoodhereandthereonit，andsignsofgrassandculture，welcomeafterwhatyouhavepassed。
OntheforegroundclosetoyouistheHamletofKonigs—Wusterhausen，withtolerableLime—treeAvenueleadingtoit，andtheairofsomethingsylvanfromyourHill—top。
Konigs—WusterhausenwasonceWENDISH—Westerhausen，andnotfaroffisDEUTSCH—Wusterhausen，famed，Isuppose，byfaction—fightsintheVandalictimes:bothofthemarenowKING’S—Wusterhausen（sincetheKingcamethither），todistinguishthemfromotherWusterhausensthatthereare。
Descending，advancingthroughyourLime—treeAvenue，youcomeuponthebacksofoffice—houses，out—houses，stablesorthelike，——onyourlefthandIhaveguessed，——extendingalongtheHighway。
AndinthemiddleoftheseyoucomeatlasttoakindofGateorvaultedpassage（ARTVONTHOR，saysZollner），where，ifyouhaveliberty，youfacetotheleft，andenter。Here，oncethroughintothefreelightagain，youareinaCourt:four—squarespace，notwithoutprospect；rightsideandleftsidearelodgingsforhisMajesty’sgentlemen；behindyou，wellintheirview，arestablesandkitchens:inthecentreoftheplaceisaFountain\"withhewnstepsandironrailings；\"wherehissimpleMajestyhasbeenknowntositandsmoke，onsummerevenings。Thefourthsideofyoursquare，again，isapalisade；beyondwhich，overbridgeandmoatandinterveningapparatus，youperceive，onitstrimterraces，therespectableoldSchlossitself。Arectangularmass，notofvastproportions，withtowerinthecentreofit（towerforscrew—stair，thegeneralroadwayoftheHouse）；andlookingthoughweather—beatenyetweather—tight，andasdignifiedasitcan。
ThisisWusterhausen；FriedrichWilhelm’sHunting—seatfromofold。
Adreadfullycrowdedplace，saysWilhelmina，whereyouarestuffedintogarrets，andhavenotroomtoturn。Theterracesareofsomemagnitude，trimmedallroundwitharowoflittleclippedtrees，onebiglime—treeateachcorner；——underoneofthesebiglime—trees，aidedbyanawning:itishisMajesty’sdelighttospreadhisfrugalbutsubstantialdinner，four—and—twentycovers，atthestrokeof12，andsodineSUBDIO。Ifraincomeon，saysWilhelmina，youarewettomid—leg，thegroundbeinghollowinthatplace，——andindeedinallweathersyoursituationeveryway，toavehementyoungPrincess’sidea，isratherofthehorriblesort。Afterdinner，hisMajestysleeps，stretchedperhapsonsomewoodensettleorgarden—chair，foraboutanhour；regardlessoftheflamingheat，underhisawningornot；andwepoorPrincesseshavetowait，prayingalltheSaintsthattheywouldresuscitatehimsoon。Thisisabout2p。m。；happierFritzisgonetohislessons，intheinterim。
ThesefourTerraces，thisrectangularSchlosswiththefourbiglindensatthecorners，aresurroundedbyaMoat；blackabominableditch，Wilhelminacallsit；ofthehueofTartareanStyx，andofafarworsesmell，infactenoughtochokeone，inhotdaysafterdinner，thinksthevehementPrincess。ThreeBridgescrossthisMoatorditch，fromthemiddleofthreeseveralTerracesorsidesoftheSchloss；andonthefourthitisimpassable。Bridgefirst，comingfromthepalisadeandOffice—houseCourt，hasnotonlyhumansentrieswalkingatit；buttwowhiteEaglesperchnearit，andtwoblackditto，symbolsoftheheraldicPrussianEagle，screechingaboutintheirlitteryway；itemtwoblackBears，uglyasSin，whichareviciouswretcheswithal，andmanytimesdopassengersamischief。Asperhapsweshallsee，onsomeoccasion。
ThisisBridgefirst，leadingtotheCourtandtotheouterHighway；aKing’sgentleman，goingtobedatnight，hasalwaystopasstheseBears。BridgesecondleadsussouthwardtoacommonMillwhichisnearby；itsclackingaudibleuponthecommonStreamoftheregion，andnotunpleasanttohisMajesty，amongitsmeadowsfringedwithalders，inacountryofmereandmoor。
Bridgethird，directlyoppositetoBridgefirstanditsBears，leadsyoutotheGarden；whitherMamma，playingtocadillealldaywithherwomen，willnot，orwillnotoftenenough，letuspoorgirlsgo。[Zollner，BriefeuberSchlesien
（Berlin，1792），i。2，3；Wilhelmina，i。364，365。]
SuchisWusterhausen，asdelineatedbyavehementPrincess，someyearshence，——whobecomesatlastintelligible，bystudyandtheaidofourSilesianTourist。ItisnotdistinguishedamongCountryPalaces:butthefigureofFriedrichWilhelmasleepthereafterdinner，regardlessoftheflamingsun（shouldhesleeptoolongandtheshadowofhisLindenquithim），——thisisasightwhichnootherPalaceintheworldcanmatch；thiswilllongrenderWusterhausenmemorabletome。HisMajesty，earlyalwaysastheswallows，hunts，Ishouldsuppose，inthemorning；dinesandsleeps，wemayperceive，tilltowardsthree，orlater。
HisOfficialbusinesshewillnotneglect，norshirkthehoursduetoit；towardssunsettheremaybeawalkorridewithFritz，orFeekinandthewomankind:andalways，intheevening，hisMajestyholdsTABAGIE，TABAKS—COLLEGIUM（SmokingCollege，kindofTobacco—Parliament，aswemightnameit），anInstitutionpunctuallyattendedtobyhisMajesty，ofwhichweshallbyandbyspeakmore。AtWusterhausenhisMajestyholdshisSmokingSessionmostlyintheopenair，oftenest\"onthestepsoftheGreatFountain\"（howarranged，astoseatingandcanvas—screening，Icannotsay）；——smokesthere，withhisGrumkows，Derschaus，Anhalt—Dessaus，andselectFriends，invariousslowtalk；
tillNightkindlehermildstarlights，shakedownherdarkcurtainsoverallCountries，andadmonishwearymortalsthatitisnowbedtime。
NotmuchofthePicturesqueinthisautumnallifeofourlittleBoy。Buthehasemploymentsinabundance；andthesemakethepermittedopenair，underanyterms，adelight。HecanroveaboutwithDuhanamongthegorseandheath，andtheirwildsummertenantrywingedandwingless。Inthewoodlandsarewildswine，inthemeresarefishes，otters；thedrowsyHamlets，scatteredround，awakeninaninterestedmanneratthesoundofourpony—hoofsanddogs。Mittenwalde，whereareshops，iswithinridingdistance；
wecouldevenstretchtoKopenik，andvisitinthebigSchlossthere，ifDuhanwerewilling，andthecattlefresh。Fromsomechurch—steepleorsand—knoll，itistobehoped，somebluestreakoftheLausitzHillsmaybevisible:theSunandtheMoonandtheHeavenlyHosts，thesefullcertainlyarevisible；andonanEarthwhicheverywhereproducesmiraclesofallkinds，fromthedaisyorheather—belluptotheman，oneplaceisnearlyequaltoanotherforabrisklittleBoy。
FinePalaces，ifWusterhausenbeasorryone，arenotwantingtoouryoungFriend:whatsoeveritisinthepowerofarchitectureandupholsterytodoforhim，maybeconsideredwithalasdone。
WusterhausenisbutaHunting—lodgeforsomefewAutumnweeks:
theBerlinPalaceandthePotsdam，grandbuildingsboth，fewPalacesintheworldsurpassthem；andthere，inoneortheotherofthese，isourusualresidence。——LittleFritz，besideshisyoungFinkensteinsandothersofthelike，hasCousins，childrenofhisGrandfather’sHalf—brothers，whoarecomradesofhis。FortheGreatElector，aswesaw，wastwicewedded，andhadasecondsetofsonsanddaughters:twoofthesonshadchildren；certainoftheseareabouttheCrown—Prince’sownage，\"Cousins\"ofhis（strictlyspeaking，Half—cousinsofHISFATHER’S），whoaremuchabouthiminhisyoungdays，——andmoreorlessafterwards，accordingtotheworththeyprovedtohave。MargravesandMargravinesofSchwedt，——therearefiveorsixofsuchyoungCousins。Nottomentiontheeldest，FriedrichWilhelmbyname，whoisnowcometomanhood（born1700）；——whowishedmuchinafteryearstohavehadWilhelminatowife；buthadtoputupwithayoungerPrincessoftheHouse，andoughttohavebeenthankful。
ThisonehasayoungerBrother，Heinrich，slightlyFritz’ssenior，andmuchhiscomradeatonetime；ofwhomweshalltransientlyhearagain。OfthesetwotheOldDessauerisUncle:ifbothhisMajestyandtheCrown—Princeshoulddie，oneofthesewouldbeking。AcircumstancewhichWilhelminaandtheQueenhavelaidwelltoheart，andbuildmanywildsuspicionsupon，intheseyears！
AsthattheOldDessauer，withhisgunpowderface，hasaplotonedaytoassassinatehisMajesty，——plotevidentassunlighttoWilhelminaandMamma，whichprovidentiallycametonothing；——andotherspectralnotionsoftheirs。[Wilhelmina，i。35，41。]
TheFatherofthesetwoMargraves（elderofthetwoHalf—brothersthathavechildren）diedinthetimeofOldKingFriedrich，eightornineyearsago。TheirMother，theschemingoldMargravine，whomIalwaysfancytodressinhighcolors，isstillliving，——
asWilhelminawellknows！
Then，byanother，theyoungerofthoseoldHalf—brothers，thereisaKarl，asecondFriedrichWilhelm，CousinMargraves:plentyofCousins；——andtwoyoungMargravinesamongthem，[Michaelis，i。425。]theyoungestaboutFritz’sownage。[NOTEOFTHECOUSIN
MARGRAVES。——GreatElector，byhisSecondWife，hadfiveSons，twoofwhomleftChildren；——asfollows（sofarastheyconcernus，——
heothersomitted）:——
1。SonPHILIP’SChildren（MothertheOldDessauer’sSister）are:
FriedrichWilhelm（1700），whowishedmuch，butinvain，tomarryWilhelmina。HeinrichFriedrich（1709），acomradeofFritz’sinyouth；sometimesgettingintoscrapes；——misbehaved，someway，attheBattleofMolwits（firstofFriedrich’sBattles），1741，andwasinexorablyCUTbythenewKing，andcontinuedunderacloudthenceforth。——ThisPHILIP（\"PhilipWilhelm\"）died1711，hisforty—thirdyear；Widowlongsurvivedhim。
2。SonALBERT’SChildren（MotheraCourlandPrincess）are:
Karl（1705）；livednearCustrin；becameafamedcaptain，intheSilesianWars，underhisCousin。Friedrich（1701）；fellatMolwitz，1741。FriedrichWilhelm（aMargrafFriedrichWilhelm\"No。2，\"——NAMESAKEofhisnowMajesty，itislike）；born1714；
killedatPrag，byacannon—shot（atKingFriedrich’shand，reconnoitringtheplace），1744。——ThisALBERT（\"AlbertFriedrich\"）
diedsuddenly1731，agefifty—nine。]
NowantofCousins；theCrown—Princeseeingmuchofthemall；
andlearningpleasantlytheirvariousqualities，whichweregoodinmost，insomenotsogood，anddidnotturnoutsupremeinanycase。But，fortherest，SisterWilhelminaishisgrandconfederateandcompanion；trueinsportandinearnest，injoyandinsorrow。Theirtruthfullovetooneanother，nowandtilldeath，isprobablythebrightestelementtheirlifeyieldedtoeitherofthem。
WhatmightbethedateofFritz’sfirstappearanceintheRoucoulles\"SoireeheldonWednesdays，\"intheFinkensteinoranyotherSoiree，asanindependentfigure，Idonotknow。Butatthepropertime，hedoesappearthere，andwithdistinctionnotextrinsicalone；——talksdelightfullyinsuchplaces；candiscuss，evenwithFrenchDivines，inacharminglyingeniousmanner。
AnotherofhiselderlyconsortsImustmention:ColonelCamas，ahighlycultivatedFrenchman（Frenchaltogetherbyparentageandbreeding，thoughbornonPrussianland），whowasTutor，atonetime，tosomeofthoseyoungMargraves。Hehaslostanarm，——leftitinthoseItalianCampaigns，underAnhalt—DessauandEugene；——
butbytheaidofacorksubstitute，dexterouslymanaged，almosthidesthewant。Agallantsoldier，fitforthediplomaciestoo；
amanoffinehighways。[Militair—Lexicon，
i。308。]AndthenhisWife——Infact，theCamasHouse，weperceive，hadfromanearlytimebeenoneoftheCrown—Prince’shaunts。
MadamCamasisaGermanLady；butforgenialelegance，forwitandwisdomandgoodness，couldnotreadilybeparalleledinFranceorelsewhere。OfboththeseCamasestherewillbehonorableandimportantmentionbyandby；especiallyoftheLady，whomhecontinuestocall\"Mamma\"forfiftyyearstocome，andcorrespondswithinaverybeautifulandhumanfashion。
Undertheseauspices，insuchenvironment，dimlyvisibletous，atWusterhausenandelsewhere，istheremarkablelittleCrown—Princeofhiscenturygrowingup，——prosperouslyasyet。
ChapterX。
THEHEIDELBERGPROTESTANTS。
FriedrichWilhelmholdsTabagienightly；butatWusterhausenorwhereverhemaybe，thereisnolackofintricateOfficialLabor，which，evenintheTabagie，FriedrichWilhelmdoesnotforget。
AtthetimehewasconcoctingthoseInstructionsforhislittlePrince’sSchoolmasters，andsmokingmeditativeunderthestars，withMagdeburg\"RITTER—DIENST\"andmuchelseofhisowntothinkof，——thereisanextraneousPoliticalIntricacy，makingnoiseenoughintheworld，muchinhisthoughtswithal，andnodoubtoccasionallymurmuredofamidthetobacco—clouds。TheBusinessoftheHeidelbergProtestants；whichisjustcomingtoaheightinthoseAutumnmonthsof1719。
IndeedthisYear1719wasaparticularlynoisyoneforhim。
Thisistheyearofthe\"nephriticcolic，\"whichbefellatBrandenburgonsomejourneyofhisMajesty’s；withalarmofimmediatedeath；QueenSophiesentforbyexpress；testamentmadeinherfavor；andintrigues，veryblackones，Wilhelminathinks，followingthereupon。[MemoiresdeBareith，
i。26—29。]Andthe\"AffairofClement，\"onwhichtheoldBooksaresoprofuse，fallslikewise，thecrisisofitfalls，in1719。
OfClementthe\"HungarianNobleman，\"whowasamereHungarianSwindler，andForgerofRoyalLetters；sowingmerediscords，blacksuspicions，betweenFriedrichWilhelmandtheneighboringCourts，ImperialandSaxon:\"YourMajestytobesnaptup，someday，byhiredruffians，andspiritedaway，forbehoofofthosetreacherousCourts:\"sothatFriedrichWilhelmfellintoagloomofmelancholy，andforlongweeks\"neversleptbutwithapairofloadedpistolsunderhispillow:\"——ofthisClement，anadroitPhenomenonofthekind，andintenselyagitatingtoFriedrichWilhelm；——whomFriedrichWilhelmhadatlasttolayholdof，try，thisveryyear，andultimatelyhang，[HadarrivedinBerlin，\"endof1717；\"stayedaboutayear，oftenprivatelyintheKing’scompany，poisoningtheroyalmind；withdrewtotheHague，suspectingBerlinmightsoongrowdangerous；——iswiledoutofthatTerritoryintothePrussian，andarrested，byoneofFriedrichWilhelm’sColonels，\"endof1718；\"liesinSpandau，gettingtried，forseventeenmonths；hanged，withtwoAccomplices，18thApril，1720。（See，insuccession，Stenzel，iii。298，302；Fassmann，p。321；Forster，ii。272，andiii。320—324。）]amidtherumorandwonderofmankind:——ofhim，noisyashewas，andstillfillingmanypagesoftheoldBooks，ahintshallsuffice，andwewillsaynothingfarther。ButthisoftheHeidelbergProtestants，thoughalsoratheranextinctbusiness，hasstillsomeclaimsonus。
This，injusticetothe\"inarticulatemanofgenius，\"andforotherreasons，wemustendeavortoresuscitatealittle。
OFKUR—PFALZKARLPHILIP:HOWHEGOTAWIFELONGSINCE，ANDDIDFEATSINTHEWORLD。
Therereigns，intheseyears，atHeidelberg，asElectorPalatine，akind—temperedbutabruptandsomewhatunreasonableoldgentleman，nowvergingtowardssixty，KarlPhilipbyname；whohascomeathwarttheBerlinCourtanditsaffairsmorethanonce；
andwillagaindoso，inasingularlydisturbingway。FrombeforeFriedrichWilhelm’sbirth，allthroughFriedrichWilhelm’slifeandfarther，thisKarlPhilipisastone—of—stumblingthere。
HisfirstfeatinlifewasthatofrunningoffwithaPrussianPrincessfromBerlin；therumorofwhichwasstillatitsheightwhenFriedrichWilhelm，afortnightafter，cameintotheworld，——
thegossipsstilltalkingofit，wemayfancy，whenFriedrichWilhelmwasfirstswaddled。Anunheard—ofthing；themannerofwhichwasthis。
Readershaveperhapsforgotten，thatoldKingFriedrichI。oncehadaBrother；elderBrother，whodied，totheFather’sgreatsorrow，andmadewayforFriedrichasCrown—Prince。ThisBrotherhadbeenmarriedashorttime；heleftaWidowwithoutchildren；
abeautifulLithuanianPrincess，bornRadzivil，andofgreatpossessionsinherowncountry:she，inhercrapesandclose—cap，remainedanornamenttothenewBerlinCourtforsometime；——nottoolong。Themourning—yearonceout，anewmarriagecameonfootforthebrilliantwidow；theBridegroom，aJamesSobieski，eldestPrinceofthefamousJohn，KingSobieski；PrincewithfairoutlookstowardsPolishSovereignty，andhandyforthoseLithuanianPossessionsofhers:altogetheraneligiblematch。
Thismarriagewasonfoot，notquitecompleted；whenKarlPhilip，CadetofthePfalz，cametoBerlin；——aratheridleyoungman，onceintheclericalway；nowgoneintothemilitary，withsecularoutlooks，hiselderBrother，Heir—ApparentofthePfalz，\"havingnochildren:\"——cametoBerlin，inthecourseofvisiting，androvingabout。ThebeautifulWidow—PrincessseemedverycharmingtoKarlPhilip；hewooedhard；threwthePrincessintogreatperplexity。ShehadgivenherYestoJamesSobieski；inevitablewedding—daywascomingonwithJames；andherewasKarlPhilipwooingso:——inbrief，theresultwas，shegallopedoffwithKarlPhilip，ontheeveofsaidwedding—day；marriedKarlPhilip（24thJuly，1688）；andleftPrinceJamesstandingthere，toomuchlikeLot’sWife，intheastonishedCourtofBerlin。[Michaelis，ii。93。]JudgeiftheBerlin。publictalked，——unintelligibletoFriedriohWilhelm，thensafeinswaddling—clothes。
KingSobieski，theFather，famedDelivererofVienna，wasinhighdudgeon。ButKarlPhilipapologized，toalllengths；madehispeaceatlast，givingaSisterofhisowntobeWifetotheinjuredJames。ThiswasKarlPhilip’sfirstoutbreakinlife；
anditwasnothisonlyone。Amannotill—disposed，allgrant；
butevidentlyofheadlongturn，withatendencytoleapfencesinthisworld。Hehassincebeensoldieringabout，inalooseway，governingInnspruck，fightingtheTurks。But，lately，hiselderBrotherdiedchildless（year1716）；andlefthimKurfurstofthePfalz。HisfairRadzivilisdeadlongago；she，andasuccessor，oritmaybetwo。ExceptoneDaughter，whomthefairRadzivillefthim，hehasnochildren；andinthesetimes，Ithink，liveswithathirdWife，oftheLEFT—HANDkind。
Hisscarcityofprogenyisnotsoindifferenttomyreadersastheymightsuppose。ThisnewKUR—PFALZ（Elector—Palatine）KarlPhilipisbygenealogy——who，thinksthereader？Pfalz—NEUBURGbyline；ownGrandsonofthatWolfgangWilhelm，whogottheslaponthefacelongsince，onaccountoftheCleve—Julichmatter！Soithascomeround。TheLineofSimmerndiedout，Winter—King’sGrandsonthelastofthat；andthen，asrightwas，theLineofNeuburgtookthetopplace，andbecameKur—Pfalz。ThefirstofthesewasthisKarlPhilip’sFather，sonoftheBeslapped；anoldmanwhenhesucceeded。KarlPhilipisthethirdKur—PfalzoftheNeuburgLine；hischildlesselderBrother（hewhocollectedthePicturesatDusseldorf，oncenotablethere）wassecondoftheNeuburgs。Theynow，wesay，areElectors—Palatine，HeadoftheHouse；——and，weneednotadd，alongwiththeirElectorateandNeuburgCountry，possesstheCleve—JuliohMoietyofHeritage，aboutwhichtherewassuchworryingintimepast。NaythelastKur—Pfalzresidedthere，andcollectedthe\"DusseldorfGallery，\"aswehavejustsaid；thoughKarlPhilipprefersHeidelberghitherto。
ToFriedrichWilhelmthescarcityofprogenyisathrice—interestingfact。ForifthisactualNeuburgshouldleavenomaleheir，asisnowhumanlyprobable，——theLineofNeuburgtooisout；andthengreatthingsoughttofollowforourPrussianHouse。Then，bythelastBargain，madein1666，withallsolemnity，betweentheGreatElector，ourGrandfatheroffamousmemory，andyoursereneFatherthethenPfalz—Neuburg，subsequentlyKur—Pfalz，likewiseoffamousmemory，sonoftheBeslapped，——thewholeHeritagefallstoPrussia，nootherPfalzBranchhavingthenceforththeleastclaimtoit。Bargainwasexpress；signed，sealed，sanctioned，drawnoutonthedueextentofsheepskin，whichcanstillberead。Bargainclearenough:
butwillthisKarlPhilipinclinetokeepit？
Thatmayonedaybetheinterestingquestion。Butthatisnotthequestionofcontroversyatpresent:notthat，butanother；
forKarlPhilip，itwouldseem，istobeafrequentstone—of—stumblingtothePrussianHouse。ThepresentquestionisofaProtestant—Papistmatter；intowhichFriedrichWilhelmhasbeendrawnbyhispublicspiritalone。
KARLPHILIPANDHISHEIDELBERGPROTESTANTS。
ThePfalzpopulationwas，fromofold，Protestant—Calvinist；
theElectors—Palatineusedtobedistinguishedfortheirforwardnessinthatmatter。SoitstilliswiththePfalzpopulation；butwiththeElectors，nowthattheHouseofSimmernisout，andthatofNeuburgin，itisnotso。TheNeuburgs，eversincethatslap，ontheface，havecontinuedPopish；asorefactforthisProtestantpopulation，whenitgotthemforSovereigns。
KarlPhilip’sFather，anoldsoldieratVienna，andtheelderBrother，acollectorofPicturesatDusseldorf，didnotoutwardlymuchmolestthecreedoftheirsubjects。Protestants，andtheremnantofCatholics（remnantnaturallyratherexpandingnowthattheCourtshoneonit），wereallowedtoliveinpeace，accordingtotheTreatyofWestphalia，ornearlyso；dividingthechurchesandchurch—revenuesequitablybetweenthem，asdirectedthere。
ButnowthatKarlPhilipiscomein，thereisnomistakinghisprocedures。HehascomehometoHeidelbergwitharetinueofJesuitsabouthim；towhomthepooroldgentleman，lookingbeforeandafteronthistroublousworld，findsitsalutarytogiveear。
HisnibblingsatProtestantrights，hiscontrivancestoslideCatholicsintochurcheswhichwerenottheirs，andthelikefoul—playinthatmatter，hadbeensorrowfultosee，forsometimepast。TheElectorofMainz，Chief—PriestofGermany，isbusyinthesamebaddirection；heandothers。Indeed，eversincethePeaceofRyswick，whereLouisXIV。surreptitiouslyintroducedacertain\"Clause，\"whichcouldneverbegotridofagain，[\"CLAUSE
OFTHEFOURTHARTICLE\"isthetechnicalnameofit。FOURTHARTICLE
stipulatesthatKingLouisXIV。shallpunctuallyrestoreallmanneroftownsandplaces，inthePalatinate&c。（muchBURNT，somewhatBE—JESUITEDtoo，inlateWars，bythesaidKihg，duringhisoccupancy）:CLAUSEOFFOURTHARTICLE（addedtoit，byaquirk，\"atmidnight，\"saytheBooks）containsmerelythesewords，\"ReligionetamenCatholicaRomana，inlocissicrestitutis，instatuquonuncestremanente:
Roman—Catholicreligiontocontinueasitnowis[asWEhavemadeittobe]insuchtownsandplaces。\"——WhichCLAUSEgaverisetoverygreatbutineffectuallamentinganddebating。（Scholl，TraitesdePaix（Par。1817），i。433—438；
Buchholz；Spittler，GeschichteWurtembergs；&c）。]
nibblingaggressionsofthiskindhavegoneonmoreandmore。
AlwaystoosluggishlyresistedbytheCORPUSEVANGELICORUM，intheDietsorotherwise，the\"UnitedProtestantSovereigns\"notbeinganactive\"Body\"there。Andnowmoresluggishlythanever；——saidCORPUShavingAugustElectorofSaxony，Catholic（Sham—Catholic）
KingofPoland，foritsOfficialHead；\"AugustthePhysicallyStrong，\"amanhighlyunconcernedformattersEvangelical！Sothatthenibblingsgoonworseandworse。AnoffencetoallProtestantRulerswhohadanyconscience；atlengthanunbearableontoFriedrichWilhelm，who，aloneofthemall，decidedtointerveneeffectually，andsay，atwhateverrisktheremightbe，Wewillnotstandit！
KarlPhilip，aftersomenibblings，tookuptheHeidelbergCatechism（whichcandidlycallstheMass\"idolatrous\"），andorderedsaidCatechism，anAuthorizedBook，toceaseinhisdominions。Hessen—Cassel，aProtestantneighbor，pleaded，remonstrated，FriedrichWilhelmgloomingintherear；buttonopurpose。Ouroldgentleman，hisPriestsbeingverydiligentuponhim，decidednexttogetpossessionoftheHEILIGE—GEISTKIRCHE
（ChurchoftheHolyGhost，principalPlaceofWorshipatHeidelberg），andmakeithisprincipalCathedralChurchthere。
ByTreatyofWestphalia，orpeaceablyotherwise，theCatholicsarealreadyinpossessionoftheChoir:butthewholeChurchwouldbesomuchbetter。\"WasitnotCatholiconce？\"thoughtKarlPhiliptohimself:\"builtbyournobleAncestorKaiserRupertofthePfalz，RupertKLEMM[\"Pincers，\"sonamedforhisfirmnessofmind]:——
whyshouldtheseHereticshaveit？Iwillbuildthemanother！\"
Thesethoughts，in1719，thethirdyearofKarlPhilip’srule，hadbrokenoutintoopenaction（29thAugust，4thSeptembertheconsummationofit）[Mauvillon，i。340—345。]andpreciselyintheimewhenFriedrichWilhelmwaspenningthatfirstDidacticMorselwhichweread，gravecloudsfromthePalatinatewerebeginningtoovershadowtheroyalmindmoreorless。
ForthepoorHeidelbergConsistorium，astheycouldnotundertaketogiveuptheirChurchonrequestofhisSerenity，——\"Howdarewe，orcanwe？\"answeredthey，——hadbeendrivenoutbycompulsionandstratagem。Partlystrategicwastheplanadopted，toavoidviolence；smith’spicklocksbeingemployed，andalsomason’scrowbars:buttheendwas，Onthe31stofAugust，1719，ConsistoriumandCongregationfoundthemselvesfairlyinthestreet，andtheHEILIGE—GEISTKIRCHEcleangonefromthem。
ScreenoftheChoiristorndown；onebigCatholicedificenow；
gettingdecoratedintoaCourtChurch，whereSereneHighnessmayfeelhismindcomfortable。
ThepoorHeidelbergers，thusthrownintothestreet，madeapplications，lamentations；butwithsmallprospectofhelp:
towhomapplywithanysureprospect？RemonstrancesfromHessen—CasselhaveprovedunavailingwithhisbigotedSereneHighness。CORPSEVANGELICORUM，sopresidedoverasatpresent，whatcanbehadofsuchaCorpus？Long—windedlucubrationsattheutmost；realaction，insuchamatter；none。OrwilltheKaiser，hisJesuitsadvisinghim，interferetodousjustice？Kur—Mainzandtherest；——itiseverywhereonestory。EverywhereunhappyProtestantismgettingbadusage，andeverworse；andnoCorpusEvangelicorum，orappointedWatchdog，doingotherthanhangitsears，andlooksorryforitselfandus！——
TheHeidelbergers，however，hadappliedtoFriedrichWilhelmamongothers。FriedrichWilhelm，whohadlonglookedontheseAnti—Protestantphenomenawithincreasinganger，foundnowthatthisoftheHeidelbergCatechismandHEILIGE—GEISTKIRCHEwasenoughtomakeone’spatiencerunover。YourunrulyCatholicbull，plungingabout，andgoringmeninthatmadabsurdmanner，itwillbehoovethatsomebodytakehimbythehorns，orbythetail，andteachhimmanners。Teachhim，notbyvocalprecepts，itislikely，whichwouldavailnothingonsuchabrute，butbypracticalcudgellingandscourgingtotheduepitch。PacificFriedrichWilhelmperceivedthathehimselfwouldhavetodothatdisagreeablefeat:——thegrowlofhim，oncomingtosuchresolution，musthavebeenconsolatorytothesepoorHeidelbergers，whentheyapplied！——Hisplanisverysimple，astheplansofgeniusare；butaplanleadingdirecttotheenddesired，andprobablytheonlyonethatwouldhavedoneso，inthecircumstances。Cudgelinhand，hetakestheCatholicbull，——shallwesay，bythehorns？——moreproperlyperhapsbythetail；
andteacheshimmanners。