Ramus，PeterFrench，philosopherandhumanist;attackedAristotleandScholasticism;massacredontheeveofSt，Bartholomew，1572
Rehearsal，The，aburlesquebasedonBeaumont’sKnightoftheBurningPestle，producedin1671byGeorgeClifford，DukeofBuckingham，andSamuelButlerRelapse，acomedybySirJohnVanbrugh（d。1726），whoalsoachievedsomedistinctionasasoldierandanarchitectRichardRoe，nominaldefendantinejectmentsuits。CP。the\"M。OrN。\"ofthePrayer—BookRichelieu……Torcy，RichelieuandMazarinwerecardinalsandstatesmenintheseventeenthcentury，whosepowerexceededthatoftheking;ColbertLouvis，andTorcywereinfluentialandablemenofthesametime，butdependentupontheroyalpleasureRobertson，William，wroteHistoryofScotland，HistoryoftheReignofCharlesV。，etc。AfriendofHume’s（1721—93）
RochelleandAuvergne，head—quartersoftheHuguenotsRowe，Nicholas，dramatistandpoetlaureate（1715），editorofamonumentaleditionofShakespeareRymer，Thomas，Historiographer—royal，andthecompilerOfFoedera——acollectionofhistoricaldocumentsconcerningtherelationsofEnglandandforeignpowers（1639—1714）
Ryswick，PeaceOf，bythistreaty（in1697）LouisXIV。recognisedWilliamasKingofEngland，andyieldedcertaintownstoSpainandtheEmpireSALVATORROSA，aNeapolitanauthorandartist（1615—73）;\"theinitiatorofromanticlandscape，\"
Satirist……Age，small，libellous，andshort—livedweeklypapersintheyear1838
Saxe，ledtheinvadingAustrianarmyintoBohemia，andafterwardbecameamarshaloftheFrencharmy，defeatingtheDukeofCumberlandatFontenoy，1745
Scamander，ariverofTroas，inAsiaMinorScapin，thetitle—characterofoneofMoliere’scomedies;aknavishvaletwhofoolshismasterScott，Michael，atwelfth—centurysagewhogainedalargereputationasawizardandmagicianScriblerusClubaliterarycoterie，foundedin1714，whichhadonlyashortlife，butproducedSwift’sGulliverScroggs，Chief—justicein1678——theyearofTitusOatesandthe\"PopishPlot。\"AworthysuccessortoJeffreysScudert，Georgede，Frenchpoetandnovelist（1601—67）
Scudery，Madeleine，awomanofgoodqualities，butasanovelistexceedinglytedious（1607—1701）
Scythians，i。e。Russians。Scythiaproperisthesteppe—landbetweentheCarpathianMountainsandtheriverDoninSouth—EastRussiaSeged（seeTheRambler，Nos。204，205）
Shafton，SirPiercie（seeScott’sTheMonastery）
Shaw，prize—fighterofimmensestrengthandsize，whoenlistedintheLifeGuards，andwaskilledatWaterlooSieyes，Abbe，oneoftheleadersoftheRevolution，whoretiredondiscoveringthathiscolleagueswereusinghimfortheirownend（d。1836）
Simond，M。（thereferenceistohisJournalofaTourandResidenceinGreatBritainduringtheyears1810and1811，PP。
48—50）
Simonides，livedatAthensandSyracuse，andbesidesbeingaphilosopher，wasoneofGreece’smostfamouslyricpoets（556—467
B。C。），Smalridge，George，oneofQueenAnne’schaplains，andagoodpreacher;becameBishopofBristolin1714（d。1719）
Sobiesky，John，KingofPoland，whodefendedhiscountryagainstRussiansandTurks。In1683hefoughtaTurkisharmywhichwasbesiegingVienna，andsodeliveredthatcitySolis，Antoniode，dramatistandhistorian（ConquestofMexico）
（1610—86）
Somers，thecounselfortheSevenBishops，1688。Hefilledmanyhighlegaloffices，andfrom1708to1710wasPresidentoftheCouncilSouthcote，Joanna，aMethodist\"prophetess\"who，sufferingfromreligiousmania，gaveherselfouttobethewomanofRevelationch。xii。，andsoldpassportstoheavenwhichshecalled\"seals\"
（1750—1814）
Spectator（thereferenceistoNo。7）
Spinola，Spanishmarquisandgeneralwhoservedhiscountrywithallhisgeniusfornaught（1571—1630）
SquireSullen（seeFarquhar’sTheBeauxStratagem）
SquireWestern，thegenialfox—huntingSquireofFielding’sTomJonesStatius，aLatinpoet（61—96A。D。），authoroftheThebais，wholivedattheCourtofDomitianSteenkirk，aneckclothofblacksilk，saidtohavebeenfirstwornatthebattleofSteenkirk，1692
Stepney，George，asmartbutsomewhatlicentiousminorpoetwhotranslatedJuvenal（1663—1707）
Sternholds，metricaltranslatorsofthePsalms，socalledfromThomasSternhold，whoseversionof1562heldthefieldfor200
yearsStJames’s，theLondonresidenceoftheGeorges;LeicesterSquare，theresidenceofthePrincesofWalesStowell，Lord，Advocate—General，judgeoftheHighCourtofAdmiralty，etc。，etc。，thegreatestEnglishauthorityonInternationalLaw（1745—1836）
Strahan，Dr。，vicarofIslingtonandfriendofJohnson，whosePrayersandMeditationsheeditedStreathamPark，thehomeoftheThrales。AtSt。John’sGateinClerkenwell，theGentleman’sMagazinewaslongprintedSimon，Ducde，ambassadortoSpainandthewriterofamusingandValuablememoirs。AnuncompromisingaristocratSwedengainedWesternPomeraniaSwerga，theHinduOlympusanthesummitofMountMeruTAMERLANE，thegreatAsiaticconqueror（1336—1405），whoseempirereachedfromtheLevanttotheGangesTanais，theriverDoninEasternRussiaTate，Nahum，succeededShadwellin1690aspoet—laureate;mainlyrememberedbyhiscollaborationwithNicholasBradyinametricalversionofthePsalmsTelemachus，thesonofUlysses，whosesearchforhisfatherwasonlysuccessfulwhenhereturnedhome。Fenelon，thegreatFrenchdivine（1651—1715），wroteofhisadventuresThales，flourishedc。600B。C。，andheldthatwaterwastheprimalanduniversalprinciple，Thalia，themuseofComedyandoneofthethreeGracesTheobalds，aHertfordshirehamletwhereJamesI。hadabeautifulresidence，originallybuiltbyBurleighThiebault，ProfessorofGrammaratFrederic’smilitaryschoolThirlby，Styan，FellowofJesusCollegesCambridge。HeeditedJustinMartyr’sWorksandcontributedtoTheobald’sShakespearewithacumenandingenuity（c。1692—1753）
Thraso，abraggartcaptaininTerence’sEunuchThreeBishoprics，thoseofLorraine，Metz，andVerduntakenfromtheGermansbyHenryII。ofFrancein1554andrecoveredin1871
ThunderingLegion，theRomanlegionwhichovercameMarcomanniin179A。D。，theirextremethirsthavingbeenrelievedbyathunderstormsentinanswertotheprayersofChristiansoldiersinitsranksThurtell，John，anotoriousboxerandgambler（b。1794）whowashangedatHertfordonJan。9，1824，forthebrutalmurderofWilliamWeare，oneofhisbooncompanionsTickell，Thomas，apolitician，minorpoet，andoccasionalcontributortotheSpectatorandtheGuardian（1686—1740）
Tillotson，JohnRobert。TrainedasaPuritan，heconformedtotheEpiscopalChurchattheRestorationandultimatelybecameArchbishopofCanterburyamanoftolerantandmoderateviewslikeBaxterandBurnet，andunlikeCollierTilly，JohannTserklaes，Countof，thegreatCatholicgeneraloftheThirtyYearsWar;mortallywoundedatRainin1632
Tiresias，inGreekmythologyasoothsayeronwhomZeusconferredthegiftofprophecyincompensationfortheblindnesswithwhichAthenshadstruckhimTreatiseontheBathos，\"TheArtofSinkinginPoetry，\"aworkprojectedbyArbuthnot，Swift，andPope，andmainlywrittenbythelast—namedTreatyofthePyrenees，betweenFranceandSpain，1659
Trissotin，simperingliterarydabblerinMoliere’sLesFemmesSavantesTurgot，aFrenchstatesman727—81）whoheldthedoctrinesofthephilosophepartyandwasfornearlytwoyearsmanagerofthenationalfinancesunderLouisXVI。
TwoSicilies，thekingdomsofSicilyandNaplesTyers，Tom，authorofaBiographicalSketchofDoctorJohnson。ItwasaremarkofJohnson’sthatTyersdescribedhimthebestVAUCLUSE，avillageinS。E。France，twentymilesfromAvignonwherePetrarchlivedforsixteenyearsVerres，theRomangovernorofSicily（73—71B。C。），forplunderingwhichislandhewasbroughttotrialandprosecutedbyCiceroVico，JohnBaptist，ProfessorofRhetoricatNaplesandauthorofPrinciplesofaNewScience，aworkonthephilosophyofhistory（d。1744）
VictorAmadeusofSavoy，soldierandstatesman（1655—1732）Hissons—in—lawwerePhilipV。andtheDukeofBurgundyVida，anItalianLatinpoet（c。1480—1566）
VidaetSannazar，eminentmodernLatinpoetsoftheearlysixteenthcenturyVillars，Louis，Ducde，Frenchmarshal，defeatedatRamilliesandMalplaquet（d。1734），VinegarBible，publishedatOxfordin;1717;inittheheadlineofLukexx。reads\"vinegar，\"anerrorfor\"vineyard，\"
VisionofTheodore，setJohnson’sMiscellaneousWorks（forthe\"GenealogyofWit，\"seeSpecial\"，NO。35;forthe\"ContestbetweenRestandLabour，\"Rambler，No。33）
Vitruvius，contemporarywithJuliusCaesarandauthorofafamousworkonArchitectureVossius，Gerard，DutchphilologistandfriendofGrotius;thehistorianofPelagianism（1577—1649）
WARBURTON，William，BishopofGloucester，friendofPope，andauthoroftheDivineLegationofMosesandothertheologicalandlegalworks（1698—1779）
Wild，Jonathan，adetectivewhoturnedvillainandwasexecutedforburglaryin1725;theheroofoneofFielding’sstoriesWilliams，ArchbishopofYork（andopponentofLaud）inthetimeofCharlesI。;Vernon，ArchbishopofYork，1807。ThetenureoftheSeeofYorkseemstobetheonlyparallelWilliams，SirCharlesHanbury，AmbassadortoBerlin（1746—49）。
HissatiresagainstWalpole’sopponentsareeasyandhumorous（d。
1759）
Will’s。SeeButton’sWindham，Rt。Hon。William，SecretaryofWarunderPittandagainin1806。InhisDiaryisanaccountofJohnson’slastdays（1750—
1810）
Windsor，poorKnightsof，abodyofmilitarypensionerswhoresidewithintheprecinctsofWindsorCastleWitwould，SirWilful。SetCongreve’sTheWayoftheWorldWronghead，SirFrancis，VanbrughandCibber’sTheProvokedHusbandXIMENES，Cardinal，statesman，andregent（1436—1517）
ZADIG，thetitle—characterofanovelbyVoltaire，dealingwiththefatalisticaspectofhumanlifeZephon，thecherubsentwithIthurielbyGabrieltofindoutthewhereaboutsofSatanafterhisflightfromhellZimriinDryden’sAbsalomandAchitophelstandsforthesecondDukeofBuckingham（fortheoriginalsee3Kingsxvi。9）
EndofVolumeII
TheMiscellaneousWritingsandSpeeches—VolumeIII
byLordMacaulayCONTRIBUTIONSTOTHEENCYCLOPAEDIABRITANNICA
AND
MISCELLANEOUSPOEMS，INSCRIPTIONS，ETC。
CONTENTS。
CONTRIBUTIONSTOTHEENCYCLOPAEDIABRITANNICA。
FrancisAtterbury。（December1853）
JohnBunyan。（May1854）
OliverGoldsmith。（February1856）
SamuelJohnson。（December1856）
WilliamPitt。（January1859）
MISCELLANEOUSPOEMS，INSCRIPTIONS，ETC。
EpitaphonHenryMartyn。（1812）
LinestotheMemoryofPitt。（1813）
ARadicalWarSong。（1820）
TheBattleofMoncontour。（1824）
TheBattleofNaseby，byObadiahBind—their—kings—in—chains—and—
their—nobles—with—links—of—iron，SerjeantinIreton’sRegiment。
（1824）
SermoninaChurchyard。（1825）
TranslationofaPoembyArnault。（1826）
DiesIrae。（1826）
TheMarriageofTirzahandAhirad。（1827）
TheCountryClergyman’sTriptoCambridge。AnElectionBallad。
（1827）
Song。（1827）
PoliticalGeorgics。（March1828）
TheDeliveranceofVienna。（1828）
TheLastBuccaneer。（1839）
EpitaphonaJacobite。（1845）
LinesWritteninAugust，1847。
TranslationfromPlautus。（1850）
ParaphraseofaPassageintheChronicleoftheMonkofStGall。
（1856）
InscriptionontheStatueofLordWm。Bentinck，atCalcutta。
（1835）
EpitaphonSirBenjaminHeathMalkin，atCalcutta。（1837）
EpitaphonLordMetcalfe。（1847）
FRANCISATTERBURY。
（December1853。）
FrancisAtterbury，amanwhoholdsaconspicuousplaceinthepolitical，ecclesiastical，andliteraryhistoryofEngland，wasbornintheyear1662，atMiddletoninBuckinghamshire，aparishofwhichhisfatherwasrector。FranciswaseducatedatWestminsterSchool，andcarriedthencetoChristchurchastockoflearningwhich，thoughreallyscanty，hethroughlifeexhibitedwithsuchjudiciousostentationthatsuperficialobserversbelievedhisattainmentstobeimmense。AtOxford，hisparts，histaste，andhisbold，contemptuous，andimperiousspirit，soonmadehimconspicuous。Herehepublishedattwenty，hisfirstwork，atranslationofthenoblepoemofAbsalomandAchitophelintoLatinverse。NeitherthestylenortheversificationoftheyoungscholarwasthatoftheAugustanage。InEnglishcompositionhesucceededmuchbetter。In1687hedistinguishedhimselfamongmanyablemenwhowroteindefenceoftheChurchofEngland，thenpersecutedbyJamesII。，andcalumniatedbyapostateswhohadforlucrequittedhercommunion。AmongtheseapostatesnonewasmoreactiveormalignantthanObadiahWalker，whowasmasterofUniversityCollege，andwhohadsetupthere，undertheroyalpatronage，apressforprintingtractsagainsttheestablishedreligion。Inoneofthesetracts，writtenapparentlybyWalkerhimself，manyaspersionswerethrownonMartinLuther。AtterburyundertooktodefendthegreatSaxonReformer，andperformedthattaskinamannersingularlycharacteristic。WhoeverexamineshisreplytoWalkerwillbestruckbythecontrastbetweenthefeeblenessofthosepartswhichareargumentativeanddefensive，andthevigourofthosepartswhicharerhetoricalandaggressive。ThePapistsweresomuchgalledbythesarcasmsandinvectivesoftheyoungpolemicthattheyraisedacryoftreason，andaccusedhimofhaving，byimplication，calledKingJamesaJudas。
AftertheRevolution，Atterbury，thoughbredinthedoctrinesofnon—resistanceandpassiveobedience，readilysworefealtytothenewgovernment。Innolongtimehetookholyorders。HeoccasionallypreachedinLondonwithaneloquencewhichraisedhisreputation，andsoonhadthehonourofbeingappointedoneoftheroyalchaplains。ButheordinarilyresidedatOxford，wherehetookanactivepartinacademicalbusiness，directedtheclassicalstudiesoftheundergraduatesofhiscollege，andwasthechiefadviserandassistantofDeanAldrich，adivinenowchieflyrememberedbyhiscatches，butrenownedamonghiscontemporariesasascholar，aTory，andahigh—churchman。Itwasthepractice，notaveryjudiciouspractice，ofAldrichtoemploythemostpromisingyouthsofhiscollegeineditingGreekandLatinbooks。Amongthestudiousandwell—disposedladswhowere，unfortunatelyforthemselves，inducedtobecometeachersofphilologywhentheyshouldhavebeencontenttobelearners，wasCharlesBoyle，sonoftheEarlofOrrery，andnephewofRobertBoyle，thegreatexperimentalphilosopher。ThetaskassignedtoCharlesBoylewastoprepareaneweditionofoneofthemostworthlessbooksinexistence。Itwasafashion，amongthoseGreeksandRomanswhocultivatedrhetoricasanart，tocomposeepistlesandharanguesinthenamesofeminentmen。Someofthesecounterfeitsarefabricatedwithsuchexquisitetasteandskillthatitisthehighestachievementofcriticismtodistinguishthemfromoriginals。Othersaresofeeblyandrudelyexecutedthattheycanhardlyimposeonanintelligentschoolboy。
ThebestspecimenwhichhascomedowntousisperhapstheorationforMarcellus，suchanimitationofTully’seloquenceasTullywouldhimselfhavereadwithwonderanddelight。TheworstspecimenisperhapsacollectionofletterspurportingtohavebeenwrittenbythatPhalariswhogovernedAgrigentummorethan500yearsbeforetheChristianera。Theevidence，bothinternalandexternal，againstthegenuinenessoftheselettersisoverwhelming。When，inthefifteenthcentury，theyemerged，incompanywithmuchthatwasfarmorevaluable，fromtheirobscurity，theywerepronouncedspuriousbyPolitian，thegreatestscholarofItaly，andbyErasmus，thegreatestscholaronoursideoftheAlps。Intruth，itwouldbeaseasytopersuadeaneducatedEnglishmanthatoneofJohnson’sRamblerswastheworkofWilliamWallaceastopersuadeamanlikeErasmusthatapedanticexercise，composedinthetrimandartificialAtticofthetimeofJulian，wasadespatchwrittenbyacraftyandferociousDorian，whoroastedpeoplealivemanyyearsbeforethereexistedavolumeofproseintheGreeklanguage。But，thoughChristchurchcouldboastofmanygoodLatinists，ofmanygoodEnglishwriters，andofagreaternumberofcleverandfashionablemenoftheworldthanbelongedtoanyotheracademicbody，therewasnottheninthecollegeasinglemancapableofdistinguishingbetweentheinfancyandthedotageofGreekliterature。SosuperficialindeedwasthelearningoftherulersofthiscelebratedsocietythattheywerecharmedbyanessaywhichSirWilliamTemplepublishedinpraiseoftheancientwriters。Itnowseemsstrangethateventheeminentpublicservices，thedeservedpopularity，andthegracefulstyleofTempleshouldhavesavedsosillyaperformancefromuniversalcontempt。Ofthebookswhichhemostvehementlyeulogisedhiseulogiesprovedthatheknewnothing。Infact，hecouldnotreadalineofthelanguageinwhichtheywerewritten。Amongmanyotherfoolishthings，hesaidthatthelettersofPhalarisweretheoldestlettersandalsothebestintheworld。WhateverTemplewroteattractednotice。PeoplewhohadneverheardoftheEpistlesofPhalarisbegantoinquireaboutthem。Aldrich，whoknewverylittleGreek，tookthewordofTemplewhoknewnone，anddesiredBoyletoprepareaneweditionoftheseadmirablecompositionswhich，havinglongsleptinobscurity，hadbecomeonasuddenobjectsofgeneralinterest。
TheeditionwaspreparedwiththehelpofAtterbury，whowasBoyle’stutor，andofsomeothermembersofthecollege。Itwasaneditionsuchasmightbeexpectedfrompeoplewhowouldstooptoeditesuchabook。Thenoteswereworthyofthetext;theLatinversionworthyoftheGreekoriginal。Thevolumewouldhavebeenforgotteninamonth，hadnotamisunderstandingaboutamanuscriptarisenbetweentheyoungeditorandthegreatestscholarthathadappearedinEuropesincetherevivalofletters，RichardBentley。ThemanuscriptwasinBentley’skeeping。Boylewishedittobecollated。Amischief—makingbooksellerinformedhimthatBentleyhadrefusedtolendit，whichwasfalse，andalsothatBentleyhadspokencontemptuouslyofthelettersattributedtoPhalaris，andofthecriticswhoweretakeninbysuchcounterfeits，whichwasperfectlytrue。Boyle，muchprovoked，paid，inhispreface，abitterlyironicalcomplimenttoBentley’scourtesy。Bentleyrevengedhimselfbyashortdissertation，inwhichheprovedthattheepistleswerespurious，andtheneweditionofthemworthless:buthetreatedBoylepersonallywithcivilityasayounggentlemanofgreathopes，whoseloveoflearningwashighlycommendable，andwhodeservedtohavehadbetterinstructors。
Fewthingsinliteraryhistoryaremoreextraordinarythanthestormwhichthislittledissertationraised。BentleyhadtreatedBoylewithforbearance;buthehadtreatedChristchurchwithcontempt;andtheChristchurch—men，whereverdispersed，wereasmuchattachedtotheircollegeasaScotchmantohiscountry，oraJesuittohisorder。Theirinfluencewasgreat。TheyweredominantatOxford，powerfulintheInnsofCourtandintheCollegeofPhysicians，conspicuousinParliamentandintheliteraryandfashionablecirclesofLondon。Theirunanimouscrywas，thatthehonourofthecollegemustbevindicated，thattheinsolentCambridgepedantmustbeputdown。PoorBoylewasunequaltothetask，anddisinclinedtoit。Itwas，therefore，assignedtohistutor，Atterbury。
TheanswertoBentley，whichbearsthenameofBoyle，butwhichwas，intruth，nomoretheworkofBoylethantheletterstowhichthecontroversyrelatedweretheworkofPhalaris，isnowreadonlybythecurious，andwillinallprobabilityneverbereprintedagain。Butithaditsdayofnoisypopularity。Itwastobefound，notonlyinthestudiesofmenofletters，butonthetablesofthemostbrilliantdrawing—roomsofSohoSquareandCoventGarden。Eventhebeausandcoquettesofthatage，theWildairsandtheLadyLurewells，theMirabellsandtheMillaments，congratulatedeachotheronthewayinwhichthegayyounggentleman，whoseeruditionsatesoeasilyuponhim，andwhowrotewithsomuchpleasantryandgoodbreedingabouttheAtticdialectandtheanapaesticmeasure，SiciliantalentsandThericleancups，hadbanteredthequeerprigofadoctor。Norwastheapplauseofthemultitudeundeserved。Thebookis，indeed，Atterbury’smasterpiece，andgivesahighernotionofhispowersthananyofthoseworkstowhichheputhisname。Thathewasaltogetherinthewrongonthemainquestion，andonallthecollateralquestionsspringingoutofit，thathisknowledgeofthelanguage，theliterature，andthehistoryofGreecewasnotequaltowhatmanyfreshmennowbringupeveryyeartoCambridgeandOxford，andthatsomeofhisblundersseemrathertodeserveafloggingthanarefutation，istrue;andthereforeitisthathisperformanceis，inthehighestdegree，interestingandvaluabletoajudiciousreader。Itisgoodbyreasonofitsexceedingbadness。Itisthemostextraordinaryinstancethatexistsoftheartofmakingmuchshowwithlittlesubstance。
Thereisnodifficulty，saysthestewardofMoliere’smiser，ingivingafinedinnerwithplentyofmoney:thereallygreatcookishewhocansetoutabanquetwithnomoneyatall。ThatBentleyshouldhavewrittenexcellentlyonancientchronologyandgeography，onthedevelopmentoftheGreeklanguage，andtheoriginoftheGreekdrama，isnotstrange。ButthatAtterburyshould，duringsomeyears，havebeenthoughttohavetreatedthesesubjectsmuchbetterthanBentleyisstrangeindeed。ItistruethatthechampionofChristchurchhadallthehelpwhichthemostcelebratedmembersofthatsocietycouldgivehim。
Smalridgecontributedsomeverygoodwit;Friendandotherssomeverybadarchaeologyandphilology。ButthegreaterpartofthevolumewasentirelyAtterbury’s:whatwasnothisownwasrevisedandretouchedbyhim:andthewholebearsthemarkofhismind，amindinexhaustiblyrichinalltheresourcesofcontroversy，andfamiliarwithalltheartificeswhichmakefalsehoodlookliketruth，andignorancelikeknowledge。Hehadlittlegold;buthebeatthatlittleouttotheverythinnestleaf，andspreaditoversovastasurfacethattothosewhojudgedbyaglance，andwhodidnotresorttobalancesandtests，theglitteringheapofworthlessmatterwhichheproducedseemedtobeaninestimabletreasureofmassybullion。Suchargumentsashehadheplacedintheclearestlight。Wherehehadnoarguments，heresortedtopersonalities，sometimesserious，generallyludicrous，alwayscleverandcutting。But，whetherhewasgraveormerry，whetherhereasonedorsneered，hisstylewasalwayspure，polished，andeasy。
Partyspiritthenranhigh;yet，thoughBentleyrankedamongWhigs，andChristchurchwasastrongholdofToryism，WhigsjoinedwithToriesinapplaudingAtterbury’svolume。GarthinsultedBentley，andextolledBoyleinlineswhicharenowneverquotedexcepttobelaughedat。Swift，inhis\"BattleoftheBooks，\"
introducedwithmuchpleasantryBoyle，cladinarmour，thegiftofallthegods，anddirectedbyApollointheformofahumanfriend，forwhosenameablankisleftwhichmayeasilybefilledup。Theyouth，soaccoutred，andsoassisted，gainsaneasyvictoryoverhisuncourteousandboastfulantagonist。Bentley，meanwhile，wassupportedbytheconsciousnessofanimmeasurablesuperiority，andencouragedbythevoicesofthefewwhowerereallycompetenttojudgethecombat。\"Noman，\"hesaid，justlyandnobly，\"waseverwrittendownbutbyhimself。\"Hespenttwoyearsinpreparingareply，whichwillneverceasetobereadandprizedwhiletheliteratureofancientGreeceisstudiedinanypartoftheworld。Thisreplyproved，notonlythatthelettersascribedtoPhalariswerespurious，butthatAtterbury，withallhiswit，hiseloquence，hisskillincontroversialfence，wasthemostaudaciouspretenderthateverwroteaboutwhathedidnotunderstand。ButtoAtterburythisexposurewasmatterofindifference。HewasnowengagedinadisputeaboutmattersfarmoreimportantandexcitingthanthelawsofZaleucusandthelawsofCharondas。Therageofreligiousfactionswasextreme。
HighchurchandLowchurchdividedthenation。Thegreatmajorityoftheclergywereonthehigh—churchside;themajorityofKingWilliam’sbishopswereinclinedtolatitudinarianism。A
disputearosebetweenthetwopartiestouchingtheextentofthepowersoftheLowerHouseofConvocation。Atterburythrusthimselfeagerlyintothefrontrankofthehigh—churchmen。Thosewhotakeacomprehensiveandimpartialviewofhiswholecareerwillnotbedisposedtogivehimcreditforreligiouszeal。Butitwashisnaturetobevehementandpugnaciousinthecauseofeveryfraternityofwhichhewasamember。HehaddefendedthegenuinenessofaspuriousbooksimplybecauseChristchurchhadputforthaneditionofthatbook;henowstoodupfortheclergyagainstthecivilpower，simplybecausehewasaclergyman，andforthepriestsagainsttheepiscopalorder，simplybecausehewasasyetonlyapriest。Heassertedthepretensionsoftheclasstowhichhebelongedinseveraltreatiseswrittenwithmuchwit，ingenuity，audacity，andacrimony。Inthis，asinhisfirstcontroversy，hewasopposedtoantagonistswhoseknowledgeofthesubjectindisputewasfarsuperiortohis;butinthis，asinhisfirstcontroversy，heimposedonthemultitudebyboldassertion，bysarcasm，bydeclamation，and，aboveall，byhispeculiarknackofexhibitingalittleeruditioninsuchamannerastomakeitlooklikeagreatdeal。HavingpassedhimselfoffontheworldasagreatermasterofclassicallearningthanBentley，henowpassedhimselfoffasagreatermasterofecclesiasticallearningthanWakeorGibson。Bythegreatbodyoftheclergyhewasregardedastheablestandmostintrepidtribunethathadeverdefendedtheirrightsagainsttheoligarchyofprelates。ThelowerHouseofConvocationvotedhimthanksforhisservices;theUniversityofOxfordcreatedhimadoctorofdivinity;andsoonaftertheaccessionofAnne，whiletheToriesstillhadthechiefweightinthegovernment，hewaspromotedtothedeaneryofCarlisle。
Soonafterhehadobtainedthispreferment，theWhigpartyrosetoascendencyinthestate。Fromthatpartyhecouldexpectnofavour。Sixyearselapsedbeforeachangeoffortunetookplace。
Atlength，intheyear1710，theprosecutionofSacheverellproducedaformidableexplosionofhigh—churchfanaticism。AtsuchamomentAtterburycouldnotfailtobeconspicuous。Hisinordinatezealforthebodytowhichhebelonged，histurbulentandaspiringtemper，hisraretalentsforagitationandforcontroversy，wereagainsignallydisplayed。HeboreachiefpartinframingthatartfulandeloquentspeechwhichtheaccuseddivinepronouncedatthebaroftheLords，andwhichpresentsasingularcontrasttotheabsurdandscurriloussermonwhichhadveryunwiselybeenhonouredwithimpeachment。Duringthetroubledandanxiousmonthswhichfollowedthetrial，AtterburywasamongthemostactiveofthosepamphleteerswhoinflamedthenationagainsttheWhigministryandtheWhigparliament。Whentheministryhadbeenchangedandtheparliamentdissolved，rewardswereshowereduponhim。TheLowerHouseofConvocationelectedhimprolocutor。TheQueenappointedhimDeanofChristchurchonthedeathofhisoldfriendandpatronAldrich。
Thecollegewouldhavepreferredagentlerruler。Nevertheless，thenewheadwasreceivedwitheverymarkofhonour。A
congratulatoryorationinLatinwasaddressedtohiminthemagnificentvestibuleofthehall;andheinreplyprofessedthewarmestattachmenttothevenerablehouseinwhichhehadbeeneducated，andpaidmanygraciouscomplimentstothoseoverwhomhewastopreside。Butitwasnotinhisnaturetobeamildoranequitablegovernor。HehadleftthechapterofCarlisledistractedbyquarrels。HefoundChristchurchatpeace;butinthreemonthshisdespoticandcontentioustemperdidatChristchurchwhatithaddoneatCarlisle。HewassucceededinbothhisdeaneriesbythehumaneandaccomplishedSmalridge，whogentlycomplainedofthestateinwhichbothhadbeenleft。
\"Atterburygoesbefore，andsetseverythingonfire。Icomeafterhimwithabucketofwater。\"ItwassaidbyAtterbury’senemiesthathewasmadeabishopbecausehewassobadadean。
UnderhisadministrationChristchurchwasinconfusion，scandalousaltercationstookplace，opprobriouswordswereexchanged;andtherewasreasontofearthatthegreatTorycollegewouldberuinedbythetyrannyofthegreatTorydoctor。
HewassoonremovedtothebishopricofRochester，whichwasthenalwaysunitedwiththedeaneryofWestminster。Stillhigherdignitiesseemedtobebeforehim。For，thoughthereweremanyablemenontheepiscopalbench，therewasnonewhoequalledorapproachedhiminparliamentarytalents。Hadhispartycontinuedinpower，itisnotimprobablethathewouldhavebeenraisedtothearchbishopricofCanterbury。Themoresplendidhisprospects，themorereasonhehadtodreadtheaccessionofafamilywhichwaswell—knowntobepartialtotheWhigs。Thereiseveryreasontobelievethathewasoneofthosepoliticianswhohopedthattheymightbeable，duringthelifeofAnne，topreparemattersinsuchawaythatatherdeceasetheremightbelittledifficultyinsettingasidetheActofSettlementandplacingthePretenderonthethrone。Hersuddendeathconfoundedtheprojectsoftheseconspirators。Atterbury，whowantednokindofcourage，imploredhisconfederatestoproclaimJamesIII。，andofferedtoaccompanytheheraldsinlawnsleeves。Buthefoundeventhebravestsoldiersofhispartyirresolute，andexclaimed，not，itissaid，withoutinterjectionswhichillbecamethemouthofafatherofthechurch，thatthebestofallcausesandthemostpreciousofallmomentshadbeenpusillanimouslythrownaway。Heacquiescedinwhathecouldnotprevent，tooktheoathstotheHouseofHanover，andatthecoronationofficiatedwiththeoutwardshowofzeal，anddidhisbesttoingratiatehimselfwiththeroyalfamily。Buthisservilitywasrequitedwithcoldcontempt。Nocreatureissorevengefulasaproudmanwhohashumbledhimselfinvain。
Atterburybecamethemostfactiousandpertinaciousofalltheopponentsofthegovernment。IntheHouseofLordshisoratory，lucid，pointed，lively，andsetoffwitheverygraceofpronunciationandofgesture，extortedtheattentionandadmirationevenofahostilemajority。Someofthemostremarkableprotestswhichappearinthejournalsofthepeersweredrawnupbyhim;andinsomeofthebitterestofthosepamphletswhichcalledontheEnglishtostandupfortheircountryagainstthealienswhohadcomefrombeyondtheseastooppressandplunderher，criticseasilydetectedhisstyle。Whentherebellionof1715brokeout，herefusedtosignthepaperinwhichthebishopsoftheprovinceofCanterburydeclaredtheirattachmenttotheProtestantsuccession。Hebusiedhimselfinelectioneering，especiallyatWestminster，where，asdean，hepossessedgreatinfluence;andwas，indeed，stronglysuspectedofhavingoncesetonariotousmobtopreventhisWhigfellow—
citizensfrompolling。
Afterhavingbeenlonginindirectcommunicationwiththeexiledfamily，he，in1717，begantocorresponddirectlywiththePretender。Thefirstletterofthecorrespondenceisextant。InthatletterAtterburyboastsofhaving，duringmanyyearspast，neglectednoopportunityofservingtheJacobitecause。\"Mydailyprayer，\"hesays，\"isthatyoumayhavesuccess。MayI
livetoseethatday，andlivenolongerthanIdowhatisinmypowertoforwardit。\"Itistoberememberedthathewhowrotethuswasamanboundtosettothechurchofwhichhewasoverseeranexampleofstrictprobity;thathehadrepeatedlyswornallegiancetotheHouseofBrunswick;thathehadassistedinplacingthecrownontheheadofGeorgeI。，andthathehadabjuredJamesIII。，\"withoutequivocationormentalreservation，onthetruefaithofaChristian。\"
Itisagreeabletoturnfromhispublictohisprivatelife。Histurbulentspirit，weariedwithfactionandtreason，nowandthenrequiredrepose，andfounditindomesticendearments，andinthesocietyofthemostillustriousofthelivingandofthedead。
Ofhiswifelittleisknown:butbetweenhimandhisdaughtertherewasanaffectionsingularlycloseandtender。Thegentlenessofhismannerswhenhewasinthecompanyofafewfriendswassuchasseemedhardlycredibletothosewhoknewhimonlybyhiswritingsandspeeches。Thecharmofhis\"softerhour\"hasbeencommemoratedbyoneofthosefriendsinimperishableverse。ThoughAtterbury’sclassicalattainmentswerenotgreat，histasteinEnglishliteraturewasexcellent;
andhisadmirationofgeniuswassostrongthatitoverpoweredevenhispoliticalandreligiousantipathies。HisfondnessforMilton，themortalenemyoftheStuartsandofthechurch，wassuchastomanyToriesseemedacrime。OnthesadnightonwhichAddisonwaslaidinthechapelofHenryVII。，theWestminsterboysremarkedthatAtterburyreadthefuneralservicewithapeculiartendernessandsolemnity。Thefavouritecompanions，however，ofthegreatToryprelatewere，asmighthavebeenexpected，menwhosepoliticshadatleastatingeofToryism。HelivedonfriendlytermswithSwift，Arbuthnot，andGay。WithPriorhehadacloseintimacy，whichsomemisunderstandingaboutpublicaffairsatlastdissolved。PopefoundinAtterbury，notonlyawarmadmirer，butamostfaithful，fearless，andjudiciousadviser。ThepoetwasafrequentguestattheepiscopalpalaceamongtheelmsofBromley，andentertainednottheslightestsuspicionthathishost，nowdeclininginyears，confinedtoaneasychairbygout，andapparentlydevotedtoliterature，wasdeeplyconcernedincriminalandperilousdesignsagainstthegovernment。
ThespiritoftheJacobiteshadbeencowedbytheeventsof1715。
Itrevivedin1721。ThefailureoftheSouthSeaproject，thepanicinthemoneymarket，thedownfallofgreatcommercialhouses，thedistressfromwhichnopartofthekingdomwasexempt，hadproducedgeneraldiscontent。Itseemednotimprobablethatatsuchamomentaninsurrectionmightbesuccessful。Aninsurrectionwasplanned。ThestreetsofLondonweretobebarricaded;theTowerandtheBankweretobesurprised;KingGeorge，hisfamily，andhischiefcaptainsandcouncillors，weretobearrested;andKingJameswastobeproclaimed。ThedesignbecameknowntotheDukeofOrleans，regentofFrance，whowasontermsoffriendshipwiththeHouseofHanover。HeputtheEnglishgovernmentonitsguard。Someofthechiefmalecontentswerecommittedtoprison;andamongthemwasAtterbury。NobishopoftheChurchofEnglandhadbeentakenintocustodysincethatmemorabledaywhentheapplausesandprayersofallLondonhadfollowedthesevenbishopstothegateoftheTower。TheOppositionentertainedsomehopethatitmightbepossibletoexciteamongthepeopleanenthusiasmresemblingthatoftheirfathers，whorushedintothewatersoftheThamestoimploretheblessingofSancroft。Picturesoftheheroicconfessorinhiscellwereexhibitedattheshopwindows。Versesinhispraiseweresungaboutthestreets。TherestraintsbywhichhewaspreventedfromcommunicatingwithhisaccompliceswererepresentedascrueltiesworthyofthedungeonsoftheInquisition。Strongappealsweremadetothepriesthood。Wouldtheytamelypermitsogrossaninsulttobeofferedtotheircloth？Wouldtheysuffertheablest，themosteloquentmemberoftheirprofession，themanwhohadsooftenstoodupfortheirrightsagainstthecivilpower，tobetreatedlikethevilestofmankind？Therewasconsiderableexcitement;butitwasallayedbyatemperateandartfullettertotheclergy，thework，inallprobability，ofBishopGibson，whostoodhighinthefavourofWalpole，andshortlyafterbecameministerforecclesiasticalaffairs。
Atterburyremainedincloseconfinementduringsomemonths。Hehadcarriedonhiscorrespondencewiththeexiledfamilysocautiouslythatthecircumstantialproofsofhisguilt，thoughsufficienttoproduceentiremoralconviction，werenotsufficienttojustifylegalconviction。Hecouldbereachedonlybyabillofpainsandpenalties。SuchabilltheWhigparty，thendecidedlypredominantinbothhouses，wasquitepreparedtosupport。Manyhot—headedmembersofthatpartywereeagertofollowtheprecedentwhichhadbeensetinthecaseofSirJohnFenwick，andtopassanactforcuttingoffthebishop’shead。
Cadogan，whocommandedthearmy，abravesoldier，butaheadstrongpolitician，issaidtohaveexclaimedwithgreatvehemence:\"FlinghimtothelionsintheTower。\"ButthewiserandmorehumaneWalpolewasalwaysunwillingtoshedblood;andhisinfluenceprevailed。WhenParliamentmet，theevidenceagainstthebishopwaslaidbeforecommitteesofbothhouses。
Thosecommitteesreportedthathisguiltwasproved。IntheCommonsaresolution，pronouncinghimatraitor，wascarriedbynearlytwotoone。Abillwasthenintroducedwhichprovidedthatheshouldbedeprivedofhisspiritualdignities，thatheshouldbebanishedforlife，andthatnoBritishsubjectshouldholdanyintercoursewithhimexceptbytheroyalpermission。
ThisbillpassedtheCommonswithlittledifficulty。Forthebishop，thoughinvitedtodefendhimself，chosetoreservehisdefencefortheassemblyofwhichhewasamember。IntheLordsthecontestwassharp。TheyoungDukeofWharton，distinguishedbyhisparts，hisdissoluteness，andhisversatility，spokeforAtterburywithgreateffect;andAtterbury’sownvoicewasheardforthelasttimebythatunfriendlyaudiencewhichhadsooftenlistenedtohimwithmingledaversionanddelight。Heproducedfewwitnesses;nordidthosewitnessessaymuchthatcouldbeofservicetohim。AmongthemwasPope。Hewascalledtoprovethat，whilehewasaninmateofthepalaceatBromley，thebishop’stimewascompletelyoccupiedbyliteraryanddomesticmatters，andthatnoleisurewasleftforplotting。ButPope，whowasquiteunaccustomedtospeakinpublic，losthishead，and，asheafterwardsowned，thoughhehadonlytenwordstosay，madetwoorthreeblunders。
ThebillfinallypassedtheLordsbyeighty—threevotestoforty—
three。Thebishops，withasingleexception，wereinthemajority。TheirconductdrewonthemasharptauntfromLordBathurst，awarmfriendofAtterburyandazealousTory。\"ThewildIndians，\"hesaid，\"givenoquarter，becausetheybelievethattheyshallinherittheskillandprowessofeveryadversarywhomtheydestroy。Perhapstheanimosityoftherightreverendprelatestotheirbrothermaybeexplainedinthesameway。\"
Atterburytookleaveofthosewhomhelovedwithadignityandtendernessworthyofabetterman。Threefinelinesofhisfavouritepoetwereofteninhismouth:——
\"Somenaturaltearshedropped，butwipedthemsoon:
Theworldwasallbeforehim，wheretochuseHisplaceofrest，andProvidencehisguide。\"
AtpartinghepresentedPopewithaBible，andsaid，withadisingenuousnessofwhichnomanwhohadstudiedtheBibletomuchpurposewouldhavebeenguilty:\"IfeveryoulearnthatI
haveanydealingswiththePretender，Igiveyouleavetosaythatmypunishmentisjust。\"Popeatthistimereallybelievedthebishoptobeaninjuredman。Arbuthnotseemstohavebeenofthesameopinion。Swift，afewmonthslater，ridiculedwithgreatbitterness，inthe\"VoyagetoLaputa，\"theevidencewhichhadsatisfiedthetwoHousesofParliament。Soon，however，themostpartialfriendsofthebanishedprelateceasedtoasserthisinnocence，andcontentedthemselveswithlamentingandexcusingwhattheycouldnotdefend。AfterashortstayatBrussels，hehadtakenuphisabodeatParis，andhadbecometheleadingmanamongtheJacobiterefugeeswhowereassembledthere。HewasinvitedtoRomebythePretender，whothenheldhismockcourtundertheimmediateprotectionofthePope。ButAtterburyfeltthatabishopoftheChurchofEnglandwouldbestrangelyoutofplaceattheVatican，anddeclinedtheinvitation。Duringsomemonths，however，hemightflatterhimselfthathestoodhighinthegoodgracesofJames。Thecorrespondencebetweenthemasterandtheservantwasconstant。Atterbury’smeritswerewarmlyacknowledged;hisadvicewasrespectfullyreceived;andhewas，asBolingbrokehadbeenbeforehim，theprimeministerofakingwithoutakingdom。Butthenewfavouritefound，asBolingbrokehadfoundbeforehim，thatitwasquiteashardtokeeptheshadowofpowerunderavagrantandmendicantprinceastokeeptherealityofpoweratWestminster。ThoughJameshadneitherterritoriesnorrevenues，neitherarmynornavy，therewasmorefactionandmoreintrigueamonghiscourtiersthanamongthoseofhissuccessfulrival。Atterburysoonperceivedthathiscounselsweredisregarded，ifnotdistrusted。Hisproudspiritwasdeeplywounded。HequittedParis，fixedhisresidenceatMontpellier，gaveuppolitics，anddevotedhimselfentirelytoletters。Inthesixthyearofhisexilehehadsosevereanillnessthathisdaughter，herselfinverydelicatehealth，determinedtorunallrisksthatshemightseehimoncemore。HavingobtainedalicencefromtheEnglishGovernment，shewentbyseatoBordeaux，butlandedthereinsuchastatethatshecouldtravelonlybyboatorinalitter。Herfather，inspiteofhisinfirmities，setoutfromMontpelliertomeether;andshe，withtheimpatiencewhichisoftenthesignofapproachingdeath，hastenedtowardshim。Thosewhowereaboutherinvainimploredhertotravelslowly。Shesaidthateveryhourwasprecious，thatsheonlywishedtoseeherpapaandtodie。ShemethimatToulouse，embracedhim，receivedfromhishandthesacredbreadandwine，andthankedGodthattheyhadpassedonedayineachother’ssocietybeforetheypartedforever。Shediedthatnight。
ItwassometimebeforeeventhestrongmindofAtterburyrecoveredfromthiscruelblow。Assoonashewashimselfagainhebecameeagerforactionandconflict;forgrief，whichdisposesgentlenaturestoretirement，toinaction，andtomeditation，onlymakesrestlessspiritsmorerestless。ThePretender，dullandbigotedashewas，hadfoundoutthathehadnotactedwiselyinpartingwithonewho，thoughaheretic，was，inabilitiesandaccomplishments，theforemostmanoftheJacobiteparty。Thebishopwascourtedback，andwaswithoutmuchdifficultyinducedtoreturntoParisandtobecomeoncemorethephantomministerofaphantommonarchy。Buthislongandtroubledlifewasdrawingtoaclose。Tothelast，however，hisintellectretainedallitskeennessandvigour。Helearned，intheninthyearofhisbanishment，thathehadbeenaccusedbyOldmixon，asdishonestandmalignantascribblerasanythathasbeensavedfromoblivionbytheDunciad，ofhaving，inconcertwithotherChristchurchmen，garbledClarendon’sHistoryoftheRebellion。Thecharge，asrespectedAtterbury，hadnottheslightestfoundation:forhewasnotoneoftheeditorsoftheHistory，andneversawittillitwasprinted。Hepublishedashortvindicationofhimself，whichisamodelinitskind，luminous，temperate，anddignified。AcopyofthislittleworkhesenttothePretender，withalettersingularlyeloquentandgraceful。Itwasimpossible，theoldmansaid，thatheshouldwriteanythingonsuchasubjectwithoutbeingremindedoftheresemblancebetweenhisownfateandthatofClarendon。TheyweretheonlytwoEnglishsubjectsthathadeverbeenbanishedfromtheircountryanddebarredfromallcommunicationwiththeirfriendsbyactofparliament。Butheretheresemblanceended。