CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down[February15th，1860]……Iamperfectlyconvinced（havingreadthismorning）thatthereviewinthe’Annals’（AnnalsandMag。ofNat。Hist。thirdseries，vol。5，page132。
Myfatherhasobviouslytakentheexpression\"pestilent\"fromthefollowingpassage（page138）:\"ButwhoisthisNature，wehavearighttoask，whohassuchtremendouspower，andtowhoseefficiencysuchmarvellousperformancesareascribed？Whatareherimageandattributes，whendraggedfromherwordylurking—place？Issheaughtbutapestilentabstraction，likedustcastinoureyestoobscuretheworkingsofanIntelligentFirstCauseofall？\"Thereviewerpaysatributetomyfather’scandour，\"somanlyandoutspokenasalmostto’coveramultitudeofsins。’\"Theparentheses（towhichallusionismadeabove）aresofrequentastogiveacharacteristicappearancetoMr。Wollaston’spages。）isbyWollaston;nooneelseintheworldwouldhaveusedsomanyparentheses。Ihavewrittentohim，andtoldhimthatthe\"pestilent\"fellowthankshimforhiskindmannerofspeakingabouthim。IhavealsotoldhimthathewouldbepleasedtohearthattheBishopofOxfordsaysitisthemostunphilosophical（AnotherversionofthewordsisgivenbyLyell，towhomtheywerespoken，viz。\"themostillogicalbookeverwritten。\"——’Life，’
volumeii。page358。）workheeverread。Thereviewseemstomeclever，andonlymisinterpretsmeinafewplaces。Likeallhostilemen，hepassesovertheexplanationgivenofClassification，Morphology，Embryology，andRudimentaryOrgans，etc。IreadWallace’spaperinMS。（\"OntheZoologicalGeographyoftheMalayArchipelago。\"——Linn。Soc。Journ。1860。），andthoughtitadmirablygood;hedoesnotknowthathehasbeenanticipatedaboutthedepthofinterveningseadeterminingdistribution……ThemostcuriouspointinthepaperseemstomethatabouttheAfricancharacteroftheCelebesproductions，butIshouldrequirefurtherconfirmation……
Henslowisstayinghere;Ihavehadsometalkwithhim;heisinmuchthesamestateasBunbury（ThelateSirCharlesBunbury，well—knownasaPalaeo—botanist。），andwillgoaverylittlewaywithus，butbringsupnorealargumentagainstgoingfurther。Healsoshuddersattheeye！Itisreallycurious（andperhapsisanargumentinourfavour）howdifferentlydifferentopposersviewthesubject。HenslowusedtoresthisoppositionontheimperfectionoftheGeologicalRecord，buthenowthinksnothingofthis，andsaysIhavegotwelloutofit;IwishIcouldquiteagreewithhim。BadenPowellsaysheneverreadanythingsoconclusiveasmystatementabouttheeye！！Astrangerwritestomeaboutsexualselection，andregretsthatIboggleaboutsuchatrifleasthebrushofhaironthemaleturkey，andsoon。AsL。Jenynshasareallyphilosophicalmind，andasyousayyouliketoseeeverything，Isendanoldletterofhis。InalaterlettertoHenslow，whichIhaveseen，heismorecandidthananyopposerIhaveheardof，forhesays，thoughheCANNOTgosofarasIdo，yethecangivenogoodreasonwhyheshouldnot。Itisfunnyhoweachmandrawshisownimaginarylineatwhichtohalt。ItremindsmesovividlywhatIwastold（ByProfessorHenslow。）aboutyouwhenIfirstcommencedgeology——tobelieveaLITTLE，butonnoaccounttobelieveall。
Everyoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOASAGRAY。
Down，February18th[1860]。
MydearGray，IreceivedaboutaweekagotwosheetsofyourReview（The’AmericanJournalofScienceandArts，’March，1860。Reprintedin’Darwiniana，’
1876。）;readthem，andsentthemtoHooker;theyarenowreturnedandre—
readwithcare，andto—morrowIsendthemtoLyell。YourReviewseemstomeADMIRABLE;byfarthebestwhichIhaveread。Ithankyoufrommyheartbothformyself，butfarmoreforthesubject’ssake。YourcontrastbetweentheviewsofAgassizandsuchasmineisverycuriousandinstructive。（Thecontrastisbrieflysummedupthus:\"ThetheoryofAgassizregardstheoriginofspeciesandtheirpresentgeneraldistributionovertheworldasequallyprimordial，equallysupernatural;
thatofDarwinasequallyderivative，equallynatural。\"——’Darwiniana，’page14。）Bytheway，ifAgassizwritesanythingonthesubject，Ihopeyouwilltellme。Iamcharmedwithyourmetaphorofthestreamletneverrunningagainsttheforceofgravitation。Yourdistinctionbetweenanhypothesisandtheoryseemstomeveryingenious;butIdonotthinkitiseverfollowed。EveryonenowspeaksoftheundulatoryTHEORYoflight;yettheetherisitselfhypothetical，andtheundulationsareinferredonlyfromexplainingthephenomenaoflight。EvenintheTHEORYofgravitationistheattractivepowerinanywayknown，exceptbyexplainingthefalloftheapple，andthemovementsofthePlanets？ItseemstomethatanhypothesisisDEVELOPEDintoatheorysolelybyexplaininganamplelotoffacts。AgainandagainIthankyouforyourgenerousaidindiscussingaview，aboutwhichyouveryproperlyholdyourselfunbiassed。
MydearGray，yoursmostsincerely，C。DARWIN。
P。S。——Severalclergymengofarwithme。Rev。L。Jenyns，averygoodnaturalist。Henslowwillgoaverylittlewaywithme，andisnotshockedwithme。Hehasjustbeenvisitingme。
[WithregardtotheattitudeofthemoreliberalrepresentativesoftheChurch，thefollowingletter（alreadyreferredto）fromCharlesKingsleyisofinterest:]
C。KINGSLEYTOCHARLESDARWIN。
EversleyRectory，Winchfield，November18th，1859。
DearSir，Ihavetothankyoufortheunexpectedhonourofyourbook。ThattheNaturalistwhom，ofallnaturalistsliving，Imostwishtoknowandtolearnfrom，shouldhavesentascientistlikemehisbook，encouragesmeatleasttoobservemorecarefully，andperhapsmoreslowly。
Iamsopoorly（inbrain），thatIfearIcannotreadyourbookjustnowasIought。AllIhaveseenofitAWESme;bothwiththeheapoffactsandtheprestigeofyourname，andalsowiththeclearintuition，thatifyouberight，ImustgiveupmuchthatIhavebelievedandwritten。
InthatIcarelittle。LetGodbetrue，andeverymanaliar！LetusknowwhatIS，and，asoldSocrateshasit，epesthaitologo——followupthevillainousshiftyfoxofanargument，intowhatsoeverunexpectedbogsandbrakeshemayleadus，ifwedobutrunintohimatlast。
Fromtwocommonsuperstitions，atleast，Ishallbefreewhilejudgingofyourbooks:——
1。Ihavelongsince，fromwatchingthecrossingofdomesticatedanimalsandplants，learnttodisbelievethedogmaofthepermanenceofspecies。
2。IhavegraduallylearnttoseethatitisjustasnobleaconceptionofDeity，tobelievethathecreatedprimalformscapableofselfdevelopmentintoallformsneedfulprotemporeandproloco，astobelievethatHerequiredafreshactofinterventiontosupplythelacunaswhichHeHimselfhadmade。Iquestionwhethertheformerbenottheloftierthought。
Beitasitmay，Ishallprizeyourbook，bothforitself，andasaproofthatyouareawareoftheexistenceofsuchapersonasYourfaithfulservant，C。KINGSLEY。
[Myfather’soldfriend，theRev。J。BrodieInnes，ofMiltonBrodie，whowasformanyyearsVicarofDown，writesinthesamespirit:
\"Weneverattackedeachother。BeforeIknewMr。DarwinIhadadopted，andpubliclyexpressed，theprinciplethatthestudyofnaturalhistory，geology，andscienceingeneral，shouldbepursuedwithoutreferencetotheBible。ThattheBookofNatureandScripturecamefromthesameDivinesource，raninparallellines，andwhenproperlyunderstoodwouldnevercross……
\"Hisviewsonthissubjectwereverymuchtothesameeffectfromhisside。
Ofcourseanyconversationswemayhavehadonpurelyreligioussubjectsareassacredlyprivatenowasinhislife;butthequaintconclusionofonemaybegiven。WehadbeenspeakingoftheapparentcontradictionofsomesupposeddiscoverieswiththeBookofGenesis;hesaid，’youare（itwouldhavebeenmorecorrecttosayyououghttobe）atheologian，Iamanaturalist，thelinesareseparate。IendeavourtodiscoverfactswithoutconsideringwhatissaidintheBookofGenesis。IdonotattackMoses，andIthinkMosescantakecareofhimself。’Tothesameeffecthewrotemorerecently，’IcannotrememberthatIeverpublishedaworddirectlyagainstreligionortheclergy;butifyouweretoreadalittlepamphletwhichIreceivedacoupleofdaysagobyaclergyman，youwouldlaugh，andadmitthatIhadsomeexcuseforbitterness。Afterabusingmefortwoorthreepages，inlanguagesufficientlyplainandemphatictohavesatisfiedanyreasonableman，hesumsupbysayingthathehasvainlysearchedtheEnglishlanguagetofindtermstoexpresshiscontemptformeandallDarwinians。’Inanotherletter，afterIhadleftDown，hewrites，’Weoftendiffered，butyouareoneofthoseraremortalsfromwhomonecandifferandyetfeelnoshadeofanimosity，andthatisathing[of]whichI
shouldfeelveryproud，ifanyonecouldsay[it]ofme。’
\"OnmylastvisittoDown，Mr。Darwinsaid，athisdinner—table，’BrodieInnesandIhavebeenfastfriendsforthirtyyears，andweneverthoroughlyagreedonanysubjectbutonce，andthenwestaredhardateachother，andthoughtoneofusmustbeveryill。’\"]
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down，February23rd[1860]。
MydearLyell，ThatisasplendidanswerofthefatherofJudgeCrompton。HowcuriousthattheJudgeshouldhavehitonexactlythesamepointsasyourself。Itshowsmewhatacapitallawyeryouwouldhavemade，howmanyunjustactsyouwouldhavemadeappearjust！Buthowmuchgranderafieldhassciencebeenthanthelaw，thoughthelattermighthavemadeyouLordKinnordy。I
will，iftherebeanotheredition，enlargeongradationintheeye，andonallformscomingfromoneprototype，soastotryandmakebothlessglaringlyimprobable……
WithrespecttoBronn’sobjectionthatitcannotbeshownhowlifearises，andlikewisetoacertainextentAsaGray’sremarkthatnaturalselectionisnotaveracausa，IwasmuchinterestedbyfindingaccidentallyinBrewster’s’LifeofNewton，’thatLeibnitzobjectedtothelawofgravitybecauseNewtoncouldnotshowwhatgravityitselfis。Asithaschanced，I
haveusedinlettersthisverysameargument，littleknowingthatanyonehadreallythusobjectedtothelawofgravity。Newtonanswersbysayingthatitisphilosophytomakeoutthemovementsofaclock，thoughyoudonotknowwhytheweightdescendstotheground。LeibnitzfurtherobjectedthatthelawofgravitywasopposedtoNaturalReligion！Isthisnotcurious？IreallythinkIshallusethefactsforsomeintroductoryremarksformybiggerbook……Youask（Isee）whywedonothavemonstrositiesinhigheranimals;butwhentheylivetheyarealmostalwayssterile（evengiantsanddwarfsareGENERALLYsterile），andwedonotknowthatHarvey’smonsterwouldhavebred。ThereisIbelieveonlyonecaseonrecordofapeloricflowerbeingfertile，andIcannotrememberwhetherthisreproduceditself。
Torecurtotheeye。Ireallythinkitwouldhavebeendishonest，nottohavefacedthedifficulty;andworse（asTalleyrandwouldhavesaid），itwouldhavebeenimpoliticIthink，foritwouldhavebeenthrowninmyteeth，asH。Hollandthrewthebonesoftheear，tillHuxleyshuthimupbyshowingwhatafinegradationoccurredamongstlivingcreatures。
Ithankyoumuchforyourmostpleasantletter。
Yoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
P。S。——IsendaletterbyHerbertSpencer，whichyoucanreadornotasyouthinkfit。Heputs，tomymind，thephilosophyoftheargumentbetterthanalmostanyone，atthecloseoftheletter。IcouldmakenothingofDana’sidealisticnotionsaboutspecies;butthen，asWollastonsays，Ihavenotametaphysicalhead。
Bytheway，IhavethrownatWollaston’shead，apaperbyAlexanderJordan，whodemonstratesmetaphysicallythatallourcultivatedracesareGod—
createdspecies。
Wollastonmisrepresentsaccidentally，toawonderfulextent，somepassagesinmybook。Hereviewed，withoutrelookingatcertainpassages。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down，February25th[1860]……Icannothelpwonderingatyourzealaboutmybook。IdeclaretoheavenyouseemtocareasmuchaboutmybookasIdomyself。Youhavenorighttobesoeminentlyunselfish！Ihavetakenoffmyspit[i。e。file]aletterofRamsay’s，aseverygeologistconvertIthinkveryimportant。Bytheway，IsawsometimeagoaletterfromH。D。Rogers（ProfessorofGeologyintheUniversityofGlasgow。BornintheUnitedStates1809，died1866。）toHuxley，inwhichhegoesveryfarwithus……
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，Saturday，March3rd，[1860]。
MydearHooker，Whataday’sworkyouhadonthatThursday！IwasnotabletogotoLondontillMonday，andthenIwasafoolforgoing，for，onTuesdaynight，Ihadanattackoffever（withatouchofpleurisy），whichcameonlikealion，butwentoffasalamb，buthasshatteredmeagoodbit。
Iwasmuchinterestedbyyourlastnote……IthinkyouexpecttoomuchinregardtochangeofopiniononthesubjectofSpecies。Onelargeclassofmen，moreespeciallyIsuspectofnaturalists，neverwillcareaboutANY
generalquestion，ofwhicholdGray，oftheBritishMuseum，maybetakenasatype;andsecondly，nearlyallmenpastamoderateage，eitherinactualyearsorinmind，are，Iamfullyconvinced，incapableoflookingatfactsunderanewpointofview。Seriously，Iamastonishedandrejoicedattheprogresswhichthesubjecthasmade;lookattheenclosedmemorandum。（Seetableofnamesbelow。）——saysmybookwillbeforgottenintenyears，perhapsso;but，withsuchalist，Ifeelconvincedthesubjectwillnot。
Theoutsiders，asyousay，arestrong。
YousaythatyouthinkthatBenthamistouched，\"but，likeawiseman，holdshistongue。\"Perhapsyouonlymeanthathecannotdecide，otherwiseIshouldthinksuchsilencethereverseofmagnanimity;forifothersbehavedthesameway，howwouldopinioneverprogress？Itisaderelictionofactualduty。（InasubsequentlettertoSirJ。D。Hooker（March12th，1860），myfatherwrote，\"InowquiteunderstandBentham’ssilence。\"）
IamsogladtohearaboutThwaites。（Dr。G。J。K。Thwaites，whowasbornin1811，establishedareputationinthiscountryasanexpertmicroscopist，andanacuteobserver，workingespeciallyatcryptogamicbotany。OnhisappointmentasDirectoroftheBotanicGardensatPeradenyia，Ceylon，Dr。
ThwaitesdevotedhimselftothefloraofCeylon。Asaresultofthishehasleftnumerousandvaluablecollections，adescriptionofwhichheembodiedinhis’EnumeratioPlantarumZeylaniae’（1864）。Dr。ThwaiteswasafellowoftheLinneanSociety，butbeyondtheabovefactslittleseemstohavebeenrecordedofhislife。HisdeathoccurredinCeylononSeptember11th，1882，inhisseventy—secondyear。\"Athenaeum\"，October14th，1882，page500。）……IhavehadanastoundingletterfromDr。Boott（Theletterisenthusiasticallylaudatory，andobviouslyfullofgenuinefeeling。）;itmightbeturnedintoridiculeagainsthimandme，soIwillnotsendittoanyone。Hewritesinanoblespiritofloveoftruth。
IwonderwhatLindleythinks;probablytoobusytoreadorthinkonthequestion。
IamvexedaboutBentham’sreticence，foritwouldhavebeenofrealvaluetoknowwhatpartsappearedweakesttoamanofhispowersofobservation。
Farewell，mydearHooker，yoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
P。S。——IsnotHarveyintheclassofmenwhodonotatallcareforgeneralities？IrememberyoursayingyoucouldnotgethimtowriteonDistribution。Ihavefoundhisworksveryunfruitfulineveryrespect。
[Herefollowsthememorandumreferredto:]
Geologists。ZoologistsandPhysiologists。Botanists。
Palaeontologists。
Lyell。Huxley。Carpenter。Hooker。
Ramsay。*J。Lubbock。SirH。HollandH。C。Watson。
（tolargeextent）。
Jukes。*L。JenynsAsaGray（tolargeextent）。（tosomeextent）。
H。D。Rogers。SearlesWood。*Dr。Boott（tolargeextent）。
Thwaites。
（*AndrewRamsay，lateDirector—GeneraloftheGeologicalSurvey。
JosephBeeteJukes，M。A。，F。R。S。，1811—1869。HewaseducatedatCambridge，andfrom1842to1846heactedasnaturalisttoH。M。S。\"Fly\"，onanexploringexpeditioninAustraliaandNewGuinea。HewasafterwardsappointedDirectoroftheGeologicalSurveyofIreland。Hewastheauthorofmanypapers，andofmorethanonegoodhand—bookofgeology。
SearlesValentineWood，February14，1798—1880。ChieflyknownforhisworkontheMolluscaofthe’Crag。’）
[ThefollowingletterisofinterestinconnectionwiththementionofMr。
Benthaminthelastletter:]
G。BENTHAMTOFRANCISDARWIN。
25WiltonPlace，S。W。，May30th，1882。
MydearSir，IncompliancewithyournotewhichIreceivedlastnight，IsendherewiththelettersIhavefromyourfather。Ishouldhavedonesoonseeingthegeneralrequestpublishedinthepapers，butthatIdidnotthinktherewereanyamongthemwhichcouldbeofanyusetoyou。HighlyflatteredasIwasbythekindandfriendlynoticewithwhichMr。Darwinoccasionallyhonouredme，Iwasneveradmittedintohisintimacy，andhethereforenevermadeanycommunicationstomeinrelationtohisviewsandlabours。Ihavebeenthroughoutoneofhismostsincereadmirers，andfullyadoptedhistheoriesandconclusions，notwithstandingtheseverepainanddisappointmenttheyatfirstoccasionedme。OnthedaythathiscelebratedpaperwasreadattheLinneanSociety，July1st，1858，alongpaperofminehadbeensetdownforreading，inwhich，incommentingontheBritishFlora，IhadcollectedanumberofobservationsandfactsillustratingwhatIthenbelievedtobeafixityinspecies，howeverdifficultitmightbetoassigntheirlimits，andshowingatendencyofabnormalformsproducedbycultivationorotherwise，towithdrawwithinthoseoriginallimitswhenlefttothemselves。MostfortunatelymypaperhadtogivewaytoMr。
Darwin’sandwhenoncethatwasread，Ifeltboundtodefermineforreconsideration;Ibegantoentertaindoubtsonthesubject，andontheappearanceofthe’OriginofSpecies，’Iwasforced，howeverreluctantly，togiveupmylong—cherishedconvictions，theresultsofmuchlabourandstudy，andIcancelledallthatpartofmypaperwhichurgedoriginalfixity，andpublishedonlyportionsoftheremainderinanotherform，chieflyinthe’NaturalHistoryReview。’IhavesinceacknowledgedonvariousoccasionsmyfulladoptionofMr。Darwin’sviews，andchieflyinmyPresidentialAddressof1863，andinmythirteenthandlastaddress，issuedintheformofareporttotheBritishAssociationatitsmeetingatBelfastin1874。
IprizesohighlythelettersthatIhaveofMr。Darwin’s，thatIshouldfeelobligedbyyourreturningthemtomewhenyouhavedonewiththem。
UnfortunatelyIhavenotkepttheenvelopes，andMr。Darwinusuallyonlydatedthembythemonthnotbytheyear，sothattheyarenotinanychronologicalorder。
Yoursverysincerely，GEORGEBENTHAM。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down[March]12th[1860]。
MydearLyell，Thinkingoverwhatwetalkedabout，thehighstateofintellectualdevelopmentoftheoldGrecianswiththelittleornosubsequentimprovement，beinganapparentdifficulty，ithasjustoccurredtomethatinfactthecaseharmonisesperfectlywithourviews。ThecasewouldbeadecideddifficultyontheLamarckianorVestigiandoctrineofnecessaryprogression，butontheviewwhichIholdofprogressiondependingontheconditions，itisnoobjectionatall，andharmoniseswiththeotherfactsofprogressioninthecorporealstructureofotheranimals。Forinastateofanarchy，ordespotism，orbadgovernment，orafterirruptionofbarbarians，force，strength，orferocity，andnotintellect，wouldbeapttogaintheday。
WehavesoenjoyedyourandLadyLyell’svisit。
Good—night。
C。DARWIN。
P。S。——Byanoddchance（forIhadnotalludedeventothesubject）theladiesattackedmethisevening，andthrewthehighstateofoldGreciansintomyteeth，asanunanswerabledifficulty，butbygoodchanceIhadmyanswerallpat，andsilencedthem。HenceIhavethoughtitworthscribblingtoyou……
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。PRESTWICH。（NowProfessorofGeologyintheUniversityofOxford。）
Down，March12th[1860]……Atsomefuturetime，whenyouhavealittleleisure，andwhenyouhavereadmy’OriginofSpecies，’IshouldesteemitaSINGULARfavourifyouwouldsendmeanygeneralcriticisms。Idonotmeanofunreasonablelength，butsuchasyoucouldincludeinaletter。IhavealwaysadmiredyourvariousmemoirssomuchthatIshouldbeeminentlygladtoreceiveyouropinion，whichmightbeofrealservicetome。
PraydonotsupposethatIexpecttoCONVERTorPERVERTyou;ifIcouldstaggeryouineversoslightadegreeIshouldbesatisfied;norfeartoannoymebyseverecriticisms，forIhavehadsomeheartykicksfromsomeofmybestfriends。Ifitwouldnotbedisagreeabletoyoutosendmeyouropinion，Icertainlyshouldbetrulyobliged……
CHARLESDARWINTOASAGRAY。
Down，April3rd[1860]……Irememberwellthetimewhenthethoughtoftheeyemademecoldallover，butIhavegotoverthisstageofthecomplaint，andnowsmalltriflingparticularsofstructureoftenmakemeveryuncomfortable。Thesightofafeatherinapeacock’stail，wheneverIgazeatit，makesmesick！……
Youmayliketohearaboutreviewsonmybook。Sedgwick（asIandLyellfeelCERTAINfrominternalevidence）hasreviewedmesavagelyandunfairlyinthe\"Spectator\"。（Seethequotationswhichfollowthepresentletter。）
Thenoticeincludesmuchabuse，andishardlyfairinseveralrespects。Hewouldactuallyleadanyone，whowasignorantofgeology，tosupposethatI
hadinventedthegreatgapsbetweensuccessivegeologicalformations，insteadofitsbeinganalmostuniversallyadmitteddogma。ButmydearoldfriendSedgwick，withhisnobleheart，isold，andisrabidwithindignation。Itishardtopleaseeveryone;youmayrememberthatinmylastletterIaskedyoutoleaveoutabouttheWealddenudation:ItoldJukesthis（whoisheadmanoftheIrishgeologicalsurvey），andheblamedmemuch，forhebelievedeverywordofit，andthoughtitnotatallexaggerated！Infact，geologistshavenomeansofgaugingtheinfinitudeofpasttime。Therehasbeenoneprodigyofareview，namely，anOPPOSED
one（byPictet（FrancoisJulesPictet，inthe’ArchivesdesSciencesdelaBibliothequeUniverselle，’Mars1860。Thearticleiswritteninacourteousandconsideratetone，andconcludesbysayingthatthe’Origin’
willbeofrealvaluetonaturalists，especiallyiftheyarenotledawaybyitsseductiveargumentstobelieveinthedangerousdoctrineofmodification。Apassagewhichseemstohavestruckmyfatherasbeingvaluable，andoppositewhichhehasmadedoublepencilmarksandwrittentheword\"good，\"isworthquoting:\"LatheoriedeM。Darwins’accordemalavecl’histoiredestypesaformesbientrancheesetdefiniesquiparaissentn’avoirvecuquependantuntempslimite。Onenpourraitciterdescentainesd’exemples，telquelesreptilesvolants，lesichthyosaures，lesbelemnites，lesammonites，etc。\"Pictetwasbornin1809，died1872;
hewasProfessorofAnatomyandZoologyatGeneva。），thepalaeontologist，intheBib。UniverselleofGeneva）whichisPERFECTLYfairandjust，andI
agreetoeverywordhesays;ouronlydifferencebeingthatheattacheslessweighttoargumentsinfavour，andmoretoargumentsopposed，thanI
do。Ofalltheopposedreviews，Ithinkthistheonlyquitefairone，andIneverexpectedtoseeone。PleaseobservethatIdonotclassyourreviewbyanymeansasopposed，thoughyouthinksoyourself！IthasdonemeMUCHtoogoodserviceevertoappearinthatrankinmyeyes。ButI
fearIshallwearyyouwithsomuchaboutmybook。IshouldratherthinktherewasagoodchanceofmybecomingthemostegotisticalmaninallEurope！Whataproudpre—eminence！Well，youhavehelpedtomakemesoandthereforeyoumustforgivemeifyoucan。
MydearGray，everyoursmostgratefully，C。DARWIN。
[InalettertoSirCharlesLyellreferenceismadetoSedgwick’sreviewinthe\"Spectator\"，March24:
\"InowfeelcertainthatSedgwickistheauthorofthearticleinthe\"Spectator\"。Nooneelsecouldusesuchabusiveterms。Andwhatamisrepresentationofmynotions！AnyignoramuswouldsupposethatIhadFIRSTbroachedthedoctrine，thatthebreaksbetweensuccessiveformationsmarkedlongintervalsoftime。Itisveryunfair。ButpoordearoldSedgwickseemsrabidonthequestion。\"Demoralisedunderstanding！\"IfeverItalkwithhimIwilltellhimthatInevercouldbelievethataninquisitorcouldbeagoodman:butnowIknowthatamanmayroastanother，andyethaveaskindandnobleaheartasSedgwick’s。\"
Thefollowingpassagesaretakenfromthereview:
\"Ineedhardlygoonanyfurtherwiththeseobjections。ButIcannotconcludewithoutexpressingmydetestationofthetheory，becauseofitsunflinchingmaterialism;——becauseithasdesertedtheinductivetrack，theonlytrackthatleadstophysicaltruth;——becauseitutterlyrepudiatesfinalcauses，andtherebyindicatesademoralisedunderstandingonthepartofitsadvocates。\"
\"NotthatIbelievethatDarwinisanatheist;thoughIcannotbutregardhismaterialismasatheistical。Ithinkituntrue，becauseopposedtotheobviouscourseofnature，andtheveryoppositeofinductivetruth。AndI
thinkitintenselymischievous。\"
\"Eachseriesoffactsislacedtogetherbyaseriesofassumptions，andrepetitionsoftheonefalseprinciple。Youcannotmakeagoodropeoutofastringofairbubbles。\"
\"Butanystartlingand（supposed）novelparadox，maintainedveryboldlyandwithsomethingofimposingplausibility，producesinsomemindsakindofpleasingexcitementwhichpredisposestheminitsfavour;andiftheyareunusedtocarefulreflection，andaversetothelabourofaccurateinvestigation，theywillbelikelytoconcludethatwhatis（apparently）
ORIGINAL，mustbeaproductionoforiginalGENIUS，andthatanythingverymuchopposedtoprevailingnotionsmustbeagrandDISCOVERY，——inshort，thatwhatevercomesfromthe’bottomofawell’mustbethe’truth’
supposedtobehiddenthere。\"
InareviewintheDecembernumberof’Macmillan’sMagazine，’1860，Fawcettvigorouslydefendedmyfatherfromthechargeofemployingafalsemethodofreasoning;achargewhichoccursinSedgwick’sreview，andwasmadeatthetimeadnauseam，insuchphrasesas:\"ThisisnotthetrueBaconianmethod。\"FawcettrepeatedhisdefenceatthemeetingoftheBritishAssociationin1861。（SeeaninterestingletterfrommyfatherinMr。
Stephen’s’LifeofHenryFawcett，’1886，page101。）]
CHARLESDARWINTOW。BCARPENTER。
Down，April6th[1860]。
MydearCarpenter，Ihavethisminutefinishedyourreviewinthe’Med。Chirurg。Review。’
（April1860。）Youmustletmeexpressmyadmirationatthismostableessay，andIhopetoGoditwillbelargelyread，foritmustproduceagreateffect。Ioughtnot，however，toexpresssuchwarmadmiration，foryougivemybook，Ifear，fartoomuchpraise。Butyouhavegratifiedmeextremely;andthoughIhopeIdonotcareverymuchfortheapprobationofthenon—scientificreaders，Icannotsaythatthisisatallsowithrespecttosuchfewmenasyourself。Ihavenotacriticismtomake，forI
objecttonotaword;andIadmireall，sothatIcannotpickoutonepartasbetterthantherest。Itisallsowellbalanced。Butitisimpossiblenottobestruckwithyourextentofknowledgeingeology，botany，andzoology。TheextractswhichyougivefromHookerseemtomeEXCELLENTLY
chosen，andmostforcible。IamsomuchpleasedinwhatyousayalsoaboutLyell。InfactIaminafitofenthusiasm，andhadbetterwritenomore。
Withcordialthanks，Yoursverysincerely，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down，April10th[1860]。
MydearLyell，Thankyoumuchforyournoteofthe4th;IamverygladtohearthatyouareatTorquay。Ishouldhaveamusedmyselfearlierbywritingtoyou，butIhavehadHookerandHuxleystayinghere，andtheyhavefullyoccupiedmytime，asalittleofanythingisafulldoseforme……Therehasbeenaplethoraofreviews，andIamreallyquitesickofmyself。ThereisaverylongreviewbyCarpenterinthe’MedicalandChirurg。Review，’verygoodandwellbalanced，butnotbrilliant。HediscussesHooker’sbooksatasgreatlengthasmine，andmakesexcellentextracts;butIcouldnotgetHookertofeeltheleastinterestinbeingpraised。
Carpenterspeaksofyouinthoroughlyproperterms。ThereisaBRILLIANT
reviewbyHuxley（’WestminsterReview，’April1860。），withcapitalhits，butIdonotknowthathemuchadvancesthesubject。ITHINKIhaveconvincedhimthathehashardlyallowedweightenoughtothecaseofvarietiesofplantsbeinginsomedegreessterile。
Todivergefromreviews:AsaGraysendsmefromWyman（whowillwrite），agoodcaseofallthepigsbeingblackintheEvergladesofVirginia。Onaskingaboutthecause，itseems（Ihavegotcapitalanalogouscases）thatwhentheBLACKpigseatacertainnuttheirbonesbecomered，andtheysuffertoacertainextent，butthattheWHITEpigslosetheirhoofsandperish，\"andweaidbySELECTION，forwekillmostoftheyoungwhitepigs。\"Thiswassaidbymenwhocouldhardlyread。Bytheway，itisagreatblowtomethatyoucannotadmitthepotencyofnaturalselection。
ThemoreIthinkofit，thelessIdoubtitspowerforgreatandsmallchanges。Ihavejustreadthe’Edinburgh’（’EdinburghReview，’April1860。），whichwithoutdoubtisby——。Itisextremelymalignant，clever，andIfearwillbeverydamaging。HeisatrociouslysevereonHuxley’slecture，andverybitteragainstHooker。SowethreeENJOYEDittogether。
NotthatIreallyenjoyedit，foritmademeuncomfortableforonenight;
butIhavegotquiteoveritto—day。Itrequiresmuchstudytoappreciateallthebitterspiteofmanyoftheremarksagainstme;indeedIdidnotdiscoverallmyself。Itscandalouslymisrepresentsmanyparts。Hemisquotessomepassages，alteringwordswithininvertedcommas……
Itispainfultobehatedintheintensedegreewithwhich——hatesme。
Nowforacuriousthingaboutmybook，andthenIhavedone。InlastSaturday’s\"Gardeners’Chronicle\"（April7th，1860。），aMr。PatrickMatthewpublishesalongextractfromhisworkon’NavalTimberandArboriculture，’
publishedin1831，inwhichhebrieflybutcompletelyanticipatesthetheoryofNaturalSelection。Ihaveorderedthebook，assomefewpassagesareratherobscure，butitiscertainly，Ithink，acompletebutnotdevelopedanticipation！Erasmusalwayssaidthatsurelythiswouldbeshowntobethecasesomeday。Anyhow，onemaybeexcusedinnothavingdiscoveredthefactinaworkonNavalTimber。