[\"Bareheadedhemarchedinsnow，exposedtopouringrainandtheutmostrigouroftheweather。\"——SiliusItalicus，i。250。]
AVenetianwhohaslonglivedinPegu，andhaslatelyreturnedthence，writesthatthemenandwomenofthatkingdom，thoughtheycoveralltheirotherparts，goalwaysbarefootandridesotoo;andPlatoveryearnestlyadvisesforthehealthofthewholebody，togivetheheadandthefeetnootherclothingthanwhatnaturehasbestowed。HewhomthePoleshaveelectedfortheirking，——[StephenBathory]——sinceourscamethence，whois，indeed，oneofthegreatestprincesofthisage，neverwearsanygloves，andinwinterorwhateverweathercancome，neverwearsothercapabroadthanthathewearsathome。WhereasIcannotenduretogounbuttonedoruntied;myneighbouringlabourerswouldthinkthemselvesinchains，iftheyweresobraced。Varroisofopinion，thatwhenitwasordainedweshouldbebareinthepresenceofthegodsandbeforethemagistrate，itwassoorderedratheruponthescoreofhealth，andtoinureustotheinjuriesofweather，thanupontheaccountofreverence;
andsincewearenowtalkingofcold，andFrenchmenusedtowearvarietyofcolours（notImyself，forIseldomwearotherthanblackorwhite，inimitationofmyfather），letusaddanotherstoryoutofLeCapitaineMartinduBellay，whoaffirms，thatinthemarchtoLuxembourghesawsogreatfrost，thatthemunition—winewascutwithhatchetsandwedges，anddeliveredouttothesoldiersbyweight，andthattheycarrieditawayinbaskets:andOvid，\"Nudaqueconsistunt，formamservantiatestae，Vina;nechaustameri，seddatafrusta，bibunt。\"
[\"Thewinewhenoutofthecaskretainstheformofthecask;
andisgivenoutnotincups，butinbits。\"
——Ovid，Trist。，iii。10，23。]
AtthemouthofLakeMaeotisthefrostsaresoverysharp，thatintheverysameplacewhereMithridates’lieutenanthadfoughttheenemydryfootandgiventhemanotabledefeat，thesummerfollowingheobtainedoverthemanavalvictory。TheRomansfoughtataverygreatdisadvantage，intheengagementtheyhadwiththeCarthaginiansnearPiacenza，byreasonthattheywenttothechargewiththeirbloodcongealedandtheirlimbsnumbedwithcold，whereasHannibalhadcausedgreatfirestobedispersedquitethroughhiscamptowarmhissoldiers，andoiltobedistributedamongstthem，totheendthatanointingthemselves，theymightrendertheirnervesmoresuppleandactive，andfortifytheporesagainsttheviolenceoftheairandfreezingwind，whichragedinthatseason。
TheretreattheGreeksmadefromBabylonintotheirowncountryisfamousforthedifficultiesandcalamitiestheyhadtoovercome;ofwhichthiswasone，thatbeingencounteredinthemountainsofArmeniawithahorriblestormofsnow，theylostallknowledgeofthecountryandoftheways，andbeingdrivenup，wereadayandanightwithouteatingordrinking;mostoftheircattledied，manyofthemselveswerestarvedtodeath，severalstruckblindwiththeforceofthehailandtheglareofthesnow，manyofthemmaimedintheirfingersandtoes，andmanystiffandmotionlesswiththeextremityofthecold，whohadyettheirunderstandingentire。
Alexandersawanation，wheretheyburytheirfruit—treesinwintertoprotectthemfrombeingdestroyedbythefrost，andwealsomayseethesame。
But，sofarasclothesgo，theKingofMexicochangedfourtimesadayhisapparel，andneverputitonagain，employingthatheleftoffinhiscontinualliberalitiesandrewards;andneitherpot，dish，norotherutensilofhiskitchenortablewaseverservedtwice。
CHAPTERXXXVI
OFCATOTHEYOUNGER
[\"Iamnotpossessedwiththiscommonerrour，tojudgeofothersaccordingtowhatIammyselfe。Iameasietobeleevethingsdifferingfrommyselfe。ThoughIbeengagedtooneforme，Idonottietheworlduntoit，aseverymandoth。AndIbeleeveandconceiveathousandmannersoflife，contrarytothecommonsorte。\"
——Florio，ed。1613，p。113。]
Iamnotguiltyofthecommonerrorofjudginganotherbymyself。I
easilybelievethatinanother’shumourwhichiscontrarytomyown;andthoughIfindmyselfengagedtoonecertainform，Idonotobligeotherstoit，asmanydo;butbelieveandapprehendathousandwaysofliving;
and，contrarytomostmen，moreeasilyadmitofdifferencethanuniformityamongstus。Iasfranklyasanyonewouldhaveme，dischargeamanfrommyhumoursandprinciples，andconsiderhimaccordingtohisownparticularmodel。ThoughIamnotcontinentmyself，IneverthelesssincerelyapprovethecontinenceoftheFeuillansandCapuchins，andhighlycommendtheirwayofliving。Iinsinuatemyselfbyimaginationintotheirplace，andloveandhonourthemthemoreforbeingotherthanIam。Iverymuchdesirethatwemaybejudgedeverymanbyhimself，andwouldnotbedrawnintotheconsequenceofcommonexamples。MyownweaknessnothingalterstheesteemIoughttohavefortheforceandvigourofthosewhodeserveit:
\"Suntquinihilsuadent，quamquodseimitariposseconfidunt。\"
[\"Therearewhopersuadenothingbutwhattheybelievetheycanimitatethemselves。\"——Cicero，DeOrator。，c。7。]
Crawlingupontheslimeoftheearth，Idonotforallthatceasetoobserveupinthecloudstheinimitableheightofsomeheroicsouls。
’Tisagreatdealformetohavemyjudgmentregularandjust，iftheeffectscannotbeso，andtomaintainthissovereignpart，atleast，freefromcorruption;’tissomethingtohavemywillrightandgoodwheremylegsfailme。Thisagewhereinwelive，inourpartoftheworldatleast，isgrownsostupid，thatnotonlytheexercise，buttheveryimaginationofvirtueisdefective，andseemstobenootherbutcollegejargon:
\"Virtutemverbaputant，utLucumligna:\"
[\"Theythinkwordsvirtue，astheythinkmerewoodasacredgrove。\"
——Horace，Ep。，i。6，31。]
\"Quamvererideberent，etiamsiperciperenonpossent。\"
[\"Whichtheyoughttoreverence，thoughtheycannotcomprehend。\"
——Cicero，Tusc。Quas。，v。2。]
’Tisagewgawtohanginacabinetorattheendofthetongue，asonthetipoftheear，forornamentonly。Therearenolongervirtuousactionsextant;thoseactionsthatcarryashowofvirtuehaveyetnothingofitsessence;byreasonthatprofit，glory，fear，custom，andothersuchlikeforeigncauses，putusonthewaytoproducethem。Ourjusticealso，valour，courtesy，maybecalledsotoo，inrespecttoothersandaccordingtothefacetheyappearwithtothepublic;butinthedoeritcanbynomeansbevirtue，becausethereisanotherendproposed，anothermovingcause。Nowvirtueownsnothingtobehers，butwhatisdonebyherselfandforherselfalone。
InthatgreatbattleofPlataea，thattheGreeksunderthecommandofPausaniasgainedagainstMardoniusandthePersians，theconquerors，accordingtotheircustom，comingtodivideamongstthemthegloryoftheexploit，attributedtotheSpartannationthepre—eminenceofvalourintheengagement。TheSpartans，greatjudgesofvirtue，whentheycametodeterminetowhatparticularmanoftheirnationthehonourwasdueofhavingthebestbehavedhimselfuponthisoccasion，foundthatAristodemushadofallothershazardedhispersonwiththegreatestbravery;butdidnot，however，allowhimanyprize，byreasonthathisvirtuehadbeenincitedbyadesiretoclearhisreputationfromthereproachofhismiscarriageatthebusinessofThermopylae，andtodiebravelytowipeoffthatformerblemish。
Ourjudgmentsareyetsick，andobeythehumourofourdepravedmanners。
Iobservemostofthewitsofthesetimespretendtoingenuity，byendeavouringtoblemishanddarkenthegloryofthebravestandmostgenerousactionsofformerages，puttingonevileinterpretationoranotheruponthem，andforgingandsupposingvaincausesandmotivesforthenoblethingstheydid:amightysubtletyindeed！Givemethegreatestandmostunblemishedactionthateverthedaybeheld，andIwillcontriveahundredplausibledriftsandendstoobscureit。Godknows，whoeverwillstretchthemouttothefull，whatdiversityofimagesourinternalwillssufferunder。Theydonotsomaliciouslyplaythecensurers，astheydoitignorantlyandrudelyinalltheirdetractions。
Thesamepainsandlicencethatotherstaketoblemishandbespattertheseillustriousnames，Iwouldwillinglyundergotolendthemashouldertoraisethemhigher。Theserareforms，thatareculledoutbytheconsentofthewisestmenofallages，fortheworld’sexample，Ishouldnotsticktoaugmentinhonour，asfarasmyinventionwouldpermit，inallthecircumstancesoffavourableinterpretation;andwemaywellbelievethattheforceofourinventionisinfinitelyshortoftheirmerit。’Tisthedutyofgoodmentoportrayvirtueasbeautifulastheycan，andtherewouldbenothingwrongshouldourpassionalittletransportusinfavourofsosacredaform。Whatthesepeopledo，onthecontrary，theyeitherdooutofmalice，orbytheviceofconfiningtheirbelieftotheirowncapacity;or，whichIammoreinclinedtothink，fornothavingtheirsightstrong，clear，andelevatedenoughtoconceivethesplendourofvirtueinhernativepurity:asPlutarchcomplains，thatinhistimesomeattributedthecauseoftheyoungerCato’sdeathtohisfearofCaesar，atwhichheseemsveryangry，andwithgoodreason;andbythisamanmayguesshowmuchmorehewouldhavebeenoffendedwiththosewhohaveattributedittoambition。Senselesspeople！Hewouldratherhaveperformedanoble，just，andgenerousaction，andtohavehadignominyforhisreward，thanforglory。Thatmanwasintruthapatternthatnaturechoseouttoshowtowhatheighthumanvirtueandconstancycouldarrive。
ButIamnotcapableofhandlingsorichanargument，andshallthereforeonlysetfiveLatinpoetstogether，contendinginthepraiseofCato;
and，incidentally，fortheirowntoo。Now，awell—educatedchildwilljudgethetwofirst，incomparisonoftheothers，alittleflatandlanguid;thethirdmorevigorous，butoverthrownbytheextravaganceofhisownforce;hewillthenthinkthattherewillberoomforoneortwogradationsofinventiontocometothefourth，and，mountingtothepitchofthat，hewillliftuphishandsinadmiration;comingtothelast，thefirstbysomespace’（butaspacethathewillswearisnottobefilledupbyanyhumanwit），hewillbeastounded，hewillnotknowwhereheis。
Andhereisawonder:wehavefarmorepoetsthanjudgesandinterpretersofpoetry;itiseasiertowriteitthantounderstandit。Thereis，indeed，acertainlowandmoderatesortofpoetry，thatamanmaywellenoughjudgebycertainrulesofart;butthetrue，supreme，anddivinepoesyisaboveallrulesandreason。Andwhoeverdiscernsthebeautyofitwiththemostassuredandmoststeadysight，seesnomorethanthequickreflectionofaflashoflightning:itdoesnotexercise，butravishesandoverwhelmsourjudgment。Thefurythatpossesseshimwhoisabletopenetrateintoitwoundsyetathirdmanbyhearinghimrepeatit;likealoadstonethatnotonlyattractstheneedle，butalsoinfusesintoitthevirtuetoattractothers。Anditismoreevidentlymanifestinourtheatres，thatthesacredinspirationoftheMuses，havingfirststirredupthepoettoanger，sorrow，hatred，andoutofhimself，towhatevertheywill，doesmoreoverbythepoetpossesstheactor，andbytheactorconsecutivelyallthespectators。Somuchdoourpassionshanganddependupononeanother。
Poetryhaseverhadthatpowerovermefromachildtotranspierceandtransportme;butthisvividsentimentthatisnaturaltomehasbeenvariouslyhandledbyvarietyofforms，notsomuchhigherorlower（fortheywereeverthehighestofeverykind），asdifferingincolour。
First，agayandsprightlyfluency;afterwards，aloftyandpenetratingsubtlety;andlastly，amatureandconstantvigour。Theirnameswillbetterexpressthem:Ovid，Lucan，Virgil。
Butourpoetsarebeginningtheircareer:
\"SitCato，dumvivit，sanevelCaesaremajor，\"
[\"LetCato，whilsthelive，begreaterthanCaesar。\"
——Martial，vi。32]
saysone。
\"Etinvictum，devictamorte，Catonem，\"
[\"AndCatoinvincible，deathbeingovercome。\"
——Manilius，Astron。，iv。87。
saysthesecond。Andthethird，speakingofthecivilwarsbetwixtCaesarandPompey，\"Victrixcausadiisplacuit，setvictaCatoni。\"
[\"Thevictoriouscauseblessedthegods，thedefeatedoneCato。
——\"Lucan，i。128。]
Andthefourth，uponthepraisesofCaesar:
\"Etcunctaterrarumsubacta，PraeteratrocemanimumCatonis。\"
[\"AndconqueredallbuttheindomitablemindofCato。\"
——Horace，Od。，ii。1，23。]
Andthemasterofthechoir，afterhavingsetforthallthegreatnamesofthegreatestRomans，endsthus:
\"HisdantemjuraCatonem。\"
[\"Catogivinglawstoalltherest。\"——AEneid，viii。670。]
CHAPTERXXXVII
THATWELAUGHANDCRYFORTHESAMETHING
WhenwereadinhistorythatAntigonuswasverymuchdispleasedwithhissonforpresentinghimtheheadofKingPyrrhushisenemy，butnewlyslainfightingagainsthim，andthatseeingit，hewept;andthatRene，DukeofLorraine，alsolamentedthedeathofCharles，DukeofBurgundy，whomhehadhimselfdefeated，andappearedinmourningathisfuneral;
andthatinthebattleofD’Auray（whichCountMontfortobtainedoverCharlesdeBlois，hiscompetitorfortheduchyofBrittany），theconquerormeetingthedeadbodyofhisenemy，wasverymuchafflictedathisdeath，wemustnotpresentlycryout:
\"Ecosiavven，thel’animociascunaSuapassionsotto’lcontrariomanto，Ricopre，conlavistaor’chiara，or’bruna。\"
[\"Andthusithappensthatthemindofeachveilsitspassionunderadifferentappearance，andbeneathasmilingvisage，gaybeneathasombreair。\"——Petrarch。]
WhenPompey’sheadwaspresentedtoCaesar，thehistoriestellusthatheturnedawayhisface，asfromasadandunpleasingobject。Therehadbeensolonganintelligenceandsocietybetwixttheminthemanagementofthepublicaffairs，sogreatacommunityoffortunes，somanymutualoffices，andsonearanalliance，thatthiscountenanceofhisoughtnottosufferunderanymisinterpretation，ortobesuspectedforeitherfalseorcounterfeit，asthisotherseemstobelieve:
\"TutumqueputavitJambonusessesocer;lacrymaenonspontecadentes，Effudit，gemitusqueexpressitpectorelaeto;\"
[\"Andnowhethoughtitsafetoplaythekindfather—in—law，sheddingforcedtears，andfromajoyfulbreastdischargingsighsandgroans。\"——Lucan，ix。1037。]
forthoughitbetruethatthegreatestpartofouractionsarenootherthanvisoranddisguise，andthatitmaysometimesbetruethat\"Haeredisfletussubpersonarisesest，\"
[\"Theheir’stearsbehindthemaskaresmiles。\"
——PubliusSyrus，apudGellium，xvii。14。]
yet，injudgingoftheseaccidents，wearetoconsiderhowmuchoursoulsareoftentimesagitatedwithdiverspassions。Andastheysaythatinourbodiesthereisacongregationofdivershumours，ofwhichthatisthesovereignwhich，accordingtothecomplexionweareof，iscommonlymostpredominantinus:so，thoughthesoulhaveinitdiversmotionstogiveitagitation，yetmustthereofnecessitybeonetooverrulealltherest，thoughnotwithsonecessaryandabsoluteadominionbutthatthroughtheflexibilityandinconstancyofthesoul，thoseoflessauthoritymayuponoccasionreassumetheirplaceandmakealittlesallyinturn。Thenceitis，thatweseenotonlychildren，whoinnocentlyobeyandfollownature，oftenlaughandcryatthesamething，butnotoneofuscanboast，whatjourneysoeverhemayhaveinhandthathehasthemostsethisheartupon，butwhenhecomestopartwithhisfamilyandfriends，hewillfindsomethingthattroubleshimwithin;andthoughherefrainhistearsyetheputsfootinthestirrupwithasadandcloudycountenance。Andwhatgentleflamesoevermaywarmtheheartofmodestandwellbornvirgins，yetaretheyfaintobeforcedfromabouttheirmothers’neckstobeputtobedtotheirhusbands，whateverthisbooncompanionispleasedtosay:
\"EstnenovisnuptisodioVenus？anneparentumFrustranturfalsisgaudialachrymulis，Ubertimthalamiquasiintraliminafundunt？
Non，itamedivi，veragemunt，juverint。\"
[\"IsVenusreallysoalarmingtothenew—madebride，ordoesshehonestlyopposeherparent’srejoicingthetearsshesoabundantlyshedsonenteringthenuptialchamber？No，bytheGods，thesearenotruetears。\"——Catullus，lxvi。15。]
[\"IsVenusreallysorepugnanttonewly—marriedmaids？Dotheymeetthesmilesofparentswithfeignedtears？Theyweepcopiouslywithintheverythresholdofthenuptialchamber。No，sothegodshelpme，theydonottrulygrieve。\"——Catullus，lxvi。15。]——
[Amoreliteraltranslation。D。W。]
Neitherisitstrangetolamentapersondeadwhomamanwouldbynomeansshouldbealive。WhenIrattlemyman，IdoitwithallthemettleIhave，andloadhimwithnofeigned，butdownrightrealcurses;buttheheatbeingover，ifheshouldstandinneedofme，Ishouldbeveryreadytodohimgood:forIinstantlyturntheleaf。WhenIcallhimcalfandcoxcomb，Idonotpretendtoentailthosetitlesuponhimforever;
neitherdoIthinkIgivemyselfthelieincallinghimanhonestfellowpresentlyafter。Noonequalityengrossesuspurelyanduniversally。
Wereitnotthesignofafooltotalktoone’sself，therewouldhardlybeadayorhourwhereinImightnotbeheardtogrumbleandmuttertomyselfandagainstmyself，\"Confoundthefool！\"andyetIdonotthinkthattobemydefinition。Whoforseeingmeonewhilecoldandpresentlyveryfondtowardsmywife，believestheoneortheothertobecounterfeited，isanass。Nero，takingleaveofhismotherwhomhewassendingtobedrowned，wasneverthelesssensibleofsomeemotionatthisfarewell，andwasstruckwithhorrorandpity。’Tissaid，thatthelightofthesunisnotonecontinuousthing，butthathedartsnewrayssothickoneuponanotherthatwecannotperceivetheintermission:
\"Largusenimliquidifonsluminis，aetheriussol，Irrigatassiduecoelumcandorerecenti，Suppeditatquenovoconfestimluminelumen。\"
[\"Sothewidefountainofliquidlight，theetherealsun，steadilyfertilisestheheavenswithnewheat，andsuppliesacontinuousstoreoffreshlight。\"——Lucretius，v。282。]
Justsothesoulvariouslyandimperceptiblydartsoutherpassions。
ArtabanuscomingbysurpriseonceuponhisnephewXerxes，chidhimforthesuddenalterationofhiscountenance。HewasconsideringtheimmeasurablegreatnessofhisforcespassingovertheHellespontfortheGrecianexpedition:hewasfirstseizedwithapalpitationofjoy，toseesomanymillionsofmenunderhiscommand，andthisappearedinthegaietyofhislooks:buthisthoughtsatthesameinstantsuggestingtohimthatofsomanylives，withinacenturyatmost，therewouldnotbeoneleft，hepresentlyknithisbrowsandgrewsad，eventotears。
Wehaveresolutelypursuedtherevengeofaninjuryreceived，andbeensensibleofasingularcontentmentforthevictory;butweshallweepnotwithstanding。’Tisnotforthevictory，though，thatweshallweep:
thereisnothingalteredinthatbutthesoullooksuponthingswithanothereyeandrepresentsthemtoitselfwithanotherkindofface;foreverythinghasmanyfacesandseveralaspects。
Relations，oldacquaintances，andfriendships，possessourimaginationsandmakethemtenderforthetime，accordingtotheircondition;buttheturnissoquick，that’tisgoneinamoment:
\"Niladeofiericelerirationevidetur，Quamsimensfieriproponit，etinchoatipsa，Ociusergoanimus，quamressepercietulla，Anteoculosquoruminpromptunaturavidetur;\"
[\"Nothingthereforeseemstobedoneinsoswiftamannerthanifthemindproposesittobedone，anditselfbegins。Itismoreactivethananythingwhichweseeinnature。\"——Lucretius，iii。183。]
andtherefore，ifwewouldmakeonecontinuedthingofallthissuccessionofpassions，wedeceiveourselves。WhenTimoleonlamentsthemurderhehadcommitteduponsomatureandgenerousdeliberation，hedoesnotlamentthelibertyrestoredtohiscountry，hedoesnotlamentthetyrant;buthelamentshisbrother:onepartofhisdutyisperformed;
letusgivehimleavetoperformtheother。
CHAPTERXXXVIII
OFSOLITUDE
Letuspretermitthatlongcomparisonbetwixttheactiveandthesolitarylife;andasforthefinesayingswithwhichambitionandavaricepalliatetheirvices，thatwearenotbornforourselvesbutforthepublic，——[ThisistheeulogiumpassedbyLucanonCatoofUtica，ii。
383。]——letusboldlyappealtothosewhoareinpublicaffairs;letthemlaytheirhandsupontheirhearts，andthensaywhether，onthecontrary，theydonotratheraspiretotitlesandofficesandthattumultoftheworldtomaketheirprivateadvantageatthepublicexpense。Thecorruptwaysbywhichinthisourtimetheyarriveattheheighttowhichtheirambitionsaspire，manifestlyenoughdeclaresthattheirendscannotbeverygood。Letustellambitionthatitissheherselfwhogivesusatasteofsolitude;forwhatdoesshesomuchavoidassociety？Whatdoesshesomuchseekaselbowroom？Amanmanydowellorilleverywhere;butifwhatBiassaysbetrue，thatthegreatestpartistheworsepart，orwhatthePreachersays:thereisnotonegoodofathousand:
\"Rariquippeboni:numerovixsunttotidemquotThebarumportae，veldivitisostiaNili，\"
[\"Goodmenforsootharescarce:therearehardlyasmanyastherearegatesofThebesormouthsoftherichNile。\"
——Juvenal，Sat。，xiii。26。]
thecontagionisverydangerousinthecrowd。Amanmusteitherimitatetheviciousorhatethembotharedangerousthings，eithertoresemblethembecausetheyaremanyortohatemanybecausetheyareunresemblingtoourselves。Merchantswhogotoseaareintherightwhentheyarecautiousthatthosewhoembarkwiththeminthesamebottombeneitherdissoluteblasphemersnorviciousotherways，lookinguponsuchsocietyasunfortunate。AndthereforeitwasthatBiaspleasantlysaidtosome，whobeingwithhiminadangerousstormimploredtheassistanceofthegods:\"Peace，speaksoftly，\"saidhe，\"thattheymaynotknowyouarehereinmycompany。\"——[DiogenesLaertius]——Andofmorepressingexample，Albuquerque，viceroyintheIndiesforEmmanuel，kingofPortugal，inanextremeperilofshipwreck，tookayoungboyuponhisshoulders，forthisonlyendthat，inthesocietyoftheircommondangerhisinnocencemightservetoprotecthim，andtorecommendhimtothedivinefavour，thattheymightgetsafetoshore。’Tisnotthatawisemanmaynotliveeverywherecontent，andbealoneintheverycrowdofapalace;butifitbelefttohisownchoice，theschoolmanwilltellyouthatheshouldflytheverysightofthecrowd:hewillendureitifneedbe;butifitbereferredtohim，hewillchoosetobealone。Hecannotthinkhimselfsufficientlyridofvice，ifhemustyetcontendwithitinothermen。Charondaspunishedthoseasevilmenwhowereconvictedofkeepingillcompany。Thereisnothingsounsociableandsociableasman，theonebyhisvice，theotherbyhisnature。AndAntisthenes，inmyopinion，didnotgivehimasatisfactoryanswer，whoreproachedhimwithfrequentingillcompany，bysayingthatthephysicianslivedwellenoughamongstthesick，foriftheycontributetothehealthofthesick，nodoubtbutbythecontagion，continualsightof，andfamiliaritywithdiseases，theymustofnecessityimpairtheirown。
Nowtheend，Itakeit，isallone，toliveatmoreleisureandatone’sease:butmendonotalwaystaketherightway。Theyoftenthinktheyhavetotallytakenleaveofallbusiness，whentheyhaveonlyexchangedoneemploymentforanother:thereislittlelesstroubleingoverningaprivatefamilythanawholekingdom。Whereverthemindisperplexed，itisinanentiredisorder，anddomesticemploymentsarenotlesstroublesomeforbeinglessimportant。Moreover，forhavingshakenoffthecourtandtheexchange，wehavenottakenleaveoftheprincipalvexationsoflife:
\"Ratioetprudentiacuras，Nonlocuseffusilatemarisarbiter，aufert;\"
[\"Reasonandprudence，notaplacewithacommandingviewofthegreatocean，banishcare。\"——Horace，Ep。，i。2。]
ambition，avarice，irresolution，fear，andinordinatedesires，donotleaveusbecauseweforsakeournativecountry:
\"EtPostequitemsedetatracura;\"
[\"Blackcaresitsbehindthehorseman。\"
——Horace，Od。，iii。1，40]。
theyoftenfollowuseventocloistersandphilosophicalschools;nordeserts，norcaves，hair—shirts，norfasts，candisengageusfromthem:
\"Haeretlaterilethalisarundo。\"
[\"Thefatalshaftadherestotheside。\"——AEneid，iv。73。]
OnetellingSocratesthatsuchaonewasnothingimprovedbyhistravels:
\"Iverywellbelieveit，\"saidhe，\"forhetookhimselfalongwithhim\"
\"QuidterrasaliocalentesSolemutamus？patriaequisexsulSequoquefugit？\"
[\"Whydoweseekclimateswarmedbyanothersun？Whoisthemanthatbyfleeingfromhiscountry，canalsofleefromhimself？\"
——Horace，Od。，ii。16，18。]
Ifamandonotfirstdischargebothhimselfandhismindoftheburdenwithwhichhefindshimselfoppressed，motionwillbutmakeitpresstheharderandsittheheavier，astheladingofashipisoflessencumbrancewhenfastandbestowedinasettledposture。Youdoasickmanmoreharmthangoodinremovinghimfromplacetoplace;youfixandestablishthediseasebymotion，asstakessinkdeeperandmorefirmlyintotheearthbybeingmovedupanddownintheplacewheretheyaredesignedtostand。Therefore，itisnotenoughtogetremotefromthepublic;’tisnotenoughtoshiftthesoilonly;amanmustfleefromthepopularconditionsthathavetakenpossessionofhissoul，hemustsequesterandcomeagaintohimself:
\"Rupijamvincula，dicasNamluctatacanisnodumarripit;attamenilli，Quumfugit，acollotrahiturparslongacatenae。\"
[\"Yousay，perhaps，youhavebrokenyourchains:thedogwhoafterlongeffortshasbrokenhischain，stillinhisflightdragsaheavyportionofitafterhim。\"——Persius，Sat。，v。158。]
Westillcarryourfettersalongwithus。’Tisnotanabsoluteliberty;
weyetcastbackalookuponwhatwehaveleftbehindus;thefancyisstillfullofit:
\"Nisipurgatumestpectus，quaepraelianobisAtquepericulatuncingratisinsinuandum？
QuantaeconnscindunthominemcupedinisacresSollicitumcurae？quantiqueperindetimores？
Quidvesuperbia，spurcitia，acpetulantia，quantasEfficiuntclades？quidluxusdesidiesque？\"
[\"Butunlessthemindispurified，whatinternalcombatsanddangersmustweincurinspiteofallourefforts！Howmanybitteranxieties，howmanyterrors，followuponunregulatedpassion！
Whatdestructionbefallsusfrompride，lust，petulantanger！
Whatevilsarisefromluxuryandsloth！\"——Lucretius，v。4。]
Ourdiseaseliesinthemind，whichcannotescapefromitself;
\"Inculpaestanimus，quisenoneffugitunquam，\"
——Horace，Ep。，i。14，13。]
andthereforeistobecalledhomeandconfinedwithinitself:thatisthetruesolitude，andthatmaybeenjoyedeveninpopulouscitiesandthecourtsofkings，thoughmorecommodiouslyapart。
Now，sincewewillattempttolivealone，andtowaiveallmannerofconversationamongstthem，letussoorderitthatourcontentmaydependwhollyuponourselves;letusdissolveallobligationsthatallyustoothers;letusobtainthisfromourselves，thatwemaylivealoneingoodearnest，andliveatoureasetoo。
Stilpohavingescapedfromtheburningofhistown，wherehelostwife，children，andgoods，DemetriusPoliorcetesseeinghim，insogreataruinofhiscountry，appearwithanundisturbedcountenance，askedhimifhehadreceivednoloss？Towhichhemadeanswer，No;andthat，thankGod，nothingwaslostofhis。——[Seneca，Ep。7。]——ThisalsowasthemeaningofthephilosopherAntisthenes，whenhepleasantlysaid，that\"menshouldfurnishthemselveswithsuchthingsaswouldfloat，andmightwiththeownerescapethestorm\";——[DiogenesLaertius，vi。6。]andcertainlyawisemanneverlosesanythingifhehavehimself。WhenthecityofNolawasruinedbythebarbarians，Paulinus，whowasbishopofthatplace，havingtherelostallhehad，himselfaprisoner，prayedafterthismanner:\"OLord，defendmefrombeingsensibleofthisloss;forThouknowesttheyhaveyettouchednothingofthatwhichismine。\"——[St。
Augustin，DeCivit。Dei，i。10。]——Therichesthatmadehimrichandthegoodsthatmadehimgood，werestillkeptentire。Thisitistomakechoiceoftreasuresthatcansecurethemselvesfromplunderandviolence，andtohidetheminsuchaplaceintowhichnoonecanenterandthatisnottobebetrayedbyanybutourselves。Wives，children，andgoodsmustbehad，andespeciallyhealth，byhimthatcangetit;butwearenotsotosetourheartsuponthemthatourhappinessmusthaveitsdependenceuponthem;wemustreserveabackshop，whollyourownandentirelyfree，whereintosettleourtrueliberty，ourprincipalsolitudeandretreat。
Andinthiswemustforthemostpartentertainourselveswithourselves，andsoprivatelythatnoexoticknowledgeorcommunicationbeadmittedthere;theretolaughandtotalk，asifwithoutwife，children，goods，train，orattendance，totheendthatwhenitshallsofalloutthatwemustloseanyorallofthese，itmaybenonewthingtobewithoutthem。
Wehaveamindpliableinitself，thatwillbecompany;thathaswherewithaltoattackandtodefend，toreceiveandtogive:letusnotthenfearinthissolitudetolanguishunderanuncomfortablevacuity。
\"Insolissistibiturbalocis。\"
[\"Insolitude，becompanyforthyself。\"——Tibullus，vi。13。12。]
Virtueissatisfiedwithherself，withoutdiscipline，withoutwords，withouteffects。Inourordinaryactionsthereisnotoneofathousandthatconcernsourselves。Hethatthouseestscramblinguptheruinsofthatwall，furiousandtransported，againstwhomsomanyharquebuss—shotsarelevelled;andthatotheralloverscars，pale，andfaintingwithhunger，andyetresolvedrathertodiethantoopenthegatestohim;
dostthouthinkthatthesemenarethereupontheirownaccount？No;
peradventureinthebehalfofonewhomtheyneversawandwhoneverconcernshimselffortheirpainsanddanger，butlieswallowingthewhileinslothandpleasure:thisotherslavering，blear—eyed，slovenlyfellow，thatthouseestcomeoutofhisstudyaftermidnight，dostthouthinkhehasbeentumblingoverbookstolearnhowtobecomeabetterman，wiser，andmorecontent？Nosuchmatter;hewillthereendhisdays，buthewillteachposteritythemeasureofPlautus’versesandthetrueorthographyofaLatinword。Whoisitthatdoesnotvoluntarilyexchangehishealth，hisrepose，andhisverylifeforreputationandglory，themostuseless，frivolous，andfalsecointhatpassescurrentamongstus？Ourowndeathdoesnotsufficientlyterrifyandtroubleus;
letus，moreover，chargeourselveswiththoseofourwives，children，andfamily:ourownaffairsdonotaffordusanxietyenough;letusundertakethoseofourneighboursandfriends，stillmoretobreakourbrainsandtormentus:
\"Vah！quemquamnehomineminanimuminstituere，autParare，quodsitcarius，quamipseestsibi？\"
[\"Ah！cananymanconceiveinhismindorrealisewhatisdearerthanheistohimself？\"——Terence，Adelph。，i。I，13。]
Solitudeseemstometowearthebestfavourinsuchashavealreadyemployedtheirmostactiveandflourishingageintheworld’sservice，aftertheexampleofThales。Wehavelivedenoughforothers;letusatleastliveoutthesmallremnantoflifeforourselves;letusnowcallinourthoughtsandintentionstoourselves，andtoourowneaseandrepose。’Tisnolightthingtomakeasureretreat;itwillbeenoughforustodowithoutmixingotherenterprises。SinceGodgivesusleisuretoorderourremoval，letusmakeready，trussourbaggage，takeleavebetimesofthecompany，anddisentangleourselvesfromthoseviolentimportunitiesthatengageuselsewhereandseparateusfromourselves。