buttoolongspeechestotheEphori，whenhesaid:\"Ostranger！thouspeakestthethingsthoushouldstspeak，butnotasthoushouldstspeakthem。\"——[Plutarch，ApothegmsoftheLacedamonians。]——Suchashaveleanandsparebodiesstuffthemselvesoutwithclothes;sotheywhoaredefectiveinmatterendeavourtomakeamendswithwords。
Humanunderstandingismarvellouslyenlightenedbydailyconversationwithmen，forweare，otherwise，compressedandheapedupinourselves，andhaveoursightlimitedtothelengthofourownnoses。OneaskingSocratesofwhatcountryhewas，hedidnotmakeanswer，ofAthens，butoftheworld;——[Cicero，Tusc。Quaes。，v。37;Plutarch，OnExile，c。4。]——
hewhoseimaginationwasfullerandwider，embracedthewholeworldforhiscountry，andextendedhissocietyandfriendshiptoallmankind;
notaswedo，wholooknofurtherthanourfeet。Whenthevinesofmyvillagearenippedwiththefrost，myparishpriestpresentlyconcludes，thattheindignationofGodhasgoneoutagainstallthehumanrace，andthatthecannibalshavealreadygotthepip。Whoisitthat，seeingthehavocofthesecivilwarsofours，doesnotcryout，thatthemachineoftheworldisneardissolution，andthatthedayofjudgmentisathand;
withoutconsidering，thatmanyworsethingshavebeenseen，andthatinthemeantime，peopleareverymerryinathousandotherpartsoftheearthforallthis？Formypart，consideringthelicenceandimpunitythatalwaysattendsuchcommotions，Iwondertheyaresomoderate，andthatthereisnomoremischiefdone。Tohimwhofeelsthehailstonespatterabouthisears，thewholehemisphereappearstobeinstormandtempest;liketheridiculousSavoyard，whosaidverygravely，thatifthatsimplekingofFrancecouldhavemanagedhisfortuneasheshouldhavedone，hemightintimehavecometohavebeenstewardofthehouseholdtothedukehismaster:thefellowcouldnot，inhisshallowimagination，conceivethattherecouldbeanythinggreaterthanaDukeofSavoy。And，intruth，weareallofus，insensibly，inthiserror，anerrorofaverygreatweightandveryperniciousconsequence。Butwhoevershallrepresenttohisfancy，asinapicture，thatgreatimageofourmothernature，inherfullmajestyandlustre，whoeverinherfaceshallreadsogeneralandsoconstantavariety，whoevershallobservehimselfinthatfigure，andnothimselfbutawholekingdom，nobiggerthantheleasttouchorprickofapencilincomparisonofthewhole，thatmanaloneisabletovaluethingsaccordingtotheirtrueestimateandgrandeur。
Thisgreatworldwhichsomedoyetmultiplyasseveralspeciesunderonegenus，isthemirrorwhereinwearetobeholdourselves，tobeabletoknowourselvesasweoughttodointhetruebias。Inshort，Iwouldhavethistobethebookmyyounggentlemanshouldstudywiththemostattention。Somanyhumours，somanysects，somanyjudgments，opinions，laws，andcustoms，teachustojudgearightofourown，andinformourunderstandingtodiscoveritsimperfectionandnaturalinfirmity，whichisnotrivialspeculation。Somanymutationsofstatesandkingdoms，andsomanyturnsandrevolutionsofpublicfortune，willmakeuswiseenoughtomakenogreatwonderofourown。Somanygreatnames，somanyfamousvictoriesandconquestsdrownedandswallowedinoblivion，renderourhopesridiculousofeternisingournamesbythetakingofhalf—a—scoreoflighthorse，orahenroost，whichonlyderivesitsmemoryfromitsruin。
Theprideandarroganceofsomanyforeignpomps，theinflatedmajestyofsomanycourtsandgrandeurs，accustomandfortifyoursightwithoutclosingoureyestobeholdthelustreofourown;somanytrillionsofmen，buriedbeforeus，encourageusnottofeartogoseeksuchgoodcompanyintheotherworld:andsooftherestPythagoraswaswanttosay，——[Cicero，Tusc。Quaes。，v。3。]——thatourliferesemblesthegreatandpopulousassemblyoftheOlympicgames，whereinsomeexercisethebody，thattheymaycarryawaythegloryoftheprize:othersbringmerchandisetosellforprofit:therearealsosome（andthosenoneoftheworstsort）whopursuenootheradvantagethanonlytolookon，andconsiderhowandwhyeverythingisdone，andtobespectatorsofthelivesofothermen，therebythebettertojudgeofandregulatetheirown。
Toexamplesmayfitlybeappliedalltheprofitablediscoursesofphilosophy，towhichallhumanactions，astotheirbestrule，oughttobeespeciallydirected:ascholarshallbetaughttoknow——
\"Quidfasoptare:quidasperUtilenummushabet:patrixcarisquepropinquisQuantumelargirideceat:quernteDeusesseJussit，ethumanaquapartelocatusesinre;
Quidsumus，etquidnamvicturigignimur。\"
[\"Learnwhatitisrighttowish;whatisthetrueuseofcoinedmoney;howmuchitbecomesustogiveinliberalitytoourcountryandourdearrelations;whomandwhattheDeitycommandedtheetobe;andinwhatpartofthehumansystemthouartplaced;whatweareanttowhatpurposeengendered。\"——Persius，iii。69]
whatitistoknow，andwhattobeignorant;whatoughttobetheendanddesignofstudy;whatvalour，temperance，andjusticeare;thedifferencebetwixtambitionandavarice，servitudeandsubjection，licenceandliberty;bywhattokenamanmayknowtrueandsolidcontentment;howfardeath，affliction，anddisgracearetobeapprehended;
\"Etquoquemquemodofugiatqueferatquelaborem。\"
[\"Andhowyoumayshunorsustaineveryhardship。\"
——Virgil，AEneid，iii。459。]
bywhatsecretspringswemove，andthereasonofourvariousagitationsandirresolutions:for，methinksthefirstdoctrinewithwhichoneshouldseasonhisunderstanding，oughttobethatwhichregulateshismannersandhissense;thatteacheshimtoknowhimself，andhowbothwelltodigandwelltolive。Amongsttheliberalsciences，letusbeginwiththatwhichmakesusfree;notthattheydonotallserveinsomemeasuretotheinstructionanduseoflife，asallotherthingsinsomesortalsodo;butletusmakechoiceofthatwhichdirectlyandprofessedlyservestothatend。Ifweareonceabletorestraintheofficesofhumanlifewithintheirjustandnaturallimits，weshallfindthatmostofthesciencesinuseareofnogreatusetous，andeveninthosethatare，thattherearemanyveryunnecessarycavitiesanddilatationswhichwehadbetterletalone，and，followingSocrates’direction，limitthecourseofourstudiestothosethingsonlywhereisatrueandrealutility:
\"Sapereaude;
Incipe;Quirectevivendiprorogathoram，Rusticusexspectat，dumdefluatamnis;atilleLabitur，etlabeturinomnevolubilisoevum。\"
[\"Daretobewise;begin！hewhodefersthehouroflivingwellisliketheclown，waitingtilltherivershallhaveflowedout:buttheriverstillflows，andwillrunon，withconstantcourse，toageswithoutend。\"——Horace，Ep。，i。2。]
’Tisagreatfoolerytoteachourchildren:
\"QuidmoveantPisces，animosaquesignaLeonis，LotusetHesperiaquidCapricornusaqua，\"
[\"WhatinfluencePisceshave，orthesignofangryLeo，orCapricorn，washedbytheHesperianwave。\"——Propertius，iv。I，89。]
theknowledgeofthestarsandthemotionoftheeighthspherebeforetheirown:
[\"WhatcareIaboutthePleiadesorthestarsofTaurus？\"
——Anacreon，Ode，xvii。10。]
AnaximeneswritingtoPythagoras，\"Towhatpurpose，\"saidhe，\"shouldI
troublemyselfinsearchingoutthesecretsofthestars，havingdeathorslaverycontinuallybeforemyeyes？\"forthekingsofPersiawereatthattimepreparingtoinvadehiscountry。Everyoneoughttosaythus，\"Beingassaulted，asIambyambition，avarice，temerity，superstition，andhavingwithinsomanyotherenemiesoflife，shallIgoponderovertheworld’schanges？\"
Afterhavingtaughthimwhatwillmakehimmorewiseandgood，youmaythenentertainhimwiththeelementsoflogic，physics，geometry，rhetoric，andthesciencewhichheshallthenhimselfmostinclineto，hisjudgmentbeingbeforehandformedandfittochoose，hewillquicklymakehisown。Thewayofinstructinghimoughttobesometimesbydiscourse，andsometimesbyreading;sometimeshisgovernorshallputtheauthorhimself，whichheshallthinkmostproperforhim，intohishands，andsometimesonlythemarrowandsubstanceofit;andifhimselfbenotconversantenoughinbookstoturntoallthefinediscoursesthebookscontainforhispurpose，theremaysomemanoflearningbejoinedtohim，thatuponeveryoccasionshallsupplyhimwithwhathestandsinneedof，tofurnishittohispupil。AndwhocandoubtbutthatthiswayofteachingismuchmoreeasyandnaturalthanthatofGaza，——[TheodoreGaza，rectoroftheAcademyofFerrara。]——inwhichthepreceptsaresointricate，andsoharsh，andthewordssovain，lean;andinsignificant，thatthereisnoholdtobetakenofthem，nothingthatquickensandelevatesthewitandfancy，whereasherethemindhaswhattofeeduponandtodigest。Thisfruit，therefore，isnotonlywithoutcomparison，muchmorefairandbeautiful;butwillalsobemuchmoreearlyripe。
’Tisathousandpitiesthatmattersshouldbeatsuchapassinthisageofours，thatphilosophy，evenwithmenofunderstanding，shouldbe，lookeduponasavainandfantasticname，athingofnouse，novalue，eitherinopinionoreffect，ofwhichIthinkthoseergotismsandpettysophistries，byprepossessingtheavenuestoit，arethecause。Andpeoplearemuchtoblametorepresentittochildrenforathingofsodifficultaccess，andwithsuchafrowning，grim，andformidableaspect。
Whoisitthathasdisguiseditthus，withthisfalse，pale，andghostlycountenance？Thereisnothingmoreairy，moregay，morefrolic，andI
hadliketohavesaid，morewanton。Shepreachesnothingbutfeastingandjollity;amelancholicanxiouslookshowsthatshedoesnotinhabitthere。DemetriusthegrammarianfindinginthetempleofDelphosaknotofphilosopherssetchattingtogether，saidtothem，——[Plutarch，TreatiseonOracleswhichhaveceased]——\"EitherIammuchdeceived，orbyyourcheerfulandpleasantcountenances，youareengagedinno，verydeepdiscourse。\"Towhichoneofthem，HeracleontheMegarean，replied:
\"Tisforsuchasarepuzzledaboutinquiringwhetherthefuturetenseoftheverb——————isspeltwithadoubleA，orthathuntafterthederivationofthecomparatives—————and—————，andthesuperlatives————
and——————，toknittheirbrowswhilstdiscoursingoftheirscience:butastophilosophicaldiscourses，theyalwaysdivertandcheerupthosethatentertainthem，andneverdejectthemormakethemsad。\"
\"DeprendasanimitormentalatentisinaegroCorpore;deprendasetgaudia;sumitutrumqueIndehabitumfacies。\"
[\"Youmaydiscernthetormentsofmindlurkinginasickbody;youmaydiscernitsjoys:eitherexpressionthefaceassumesfromthemind。\"——Juvenal，ix。18]
Thesoulthatlodgesphilosophy，oughttobeofsuchaconstitutionofhealth，astorenderthebodyinlikemannerhealthfultoo;sheoughttomakehertranquillityandsatisfactionshinesoastoappearwithout，andhercontentmentoughttofashiontheoutwardbehaviourtoherownmould，andconsequentlytofortifyitwithagracefulconfidence，anactiveandjoyouscarriage，andasereneandcontentedcountenance。Themostmanifestsignofwisdomisacontinualcheerfulness;herstateislikethatofthingsintheregionsabovethemoon，alwaysclearandserene。
’TisBarocoandBaralipton——[Twotermsoftheancientscholasticlogic。]——thatrendertheirdisciplessodirtyandill—favoured，andnotshe;theydonotsomuchasknowherbutbyhearsay。What！Itisshethatcalmsandappeasesthestormsandtempestsofthesoul，andwhoteachesfamineandfeverstolaughandsing;andthat，notbycertainimaginaryepicycles，butbynaturalandmanifestreasons。Shehasvirtueforherend，whichisnot，astheschoolmensay，situateuponthesummitofaperpendicular，rugged，inaccessibleprecipice:suchashaveapproachedherfindher，quiteonthecontrary，tobeseatedinafair，fruitful，andflourishingplain，whencesheeasilydiscoversallthingsbelow;towhichplaceanyonemay，however，arrive，ifheknowbuttheway，throughshady，green，andsweetly—flourishingavenues，byapleasant，easy，andsmoothdescent，likethatofthecelestialvault。
’Tisfornothavingfrequentedthissupreme，thisbeautiful，triumphant，andamiable，thisequallydeliciousandcourageousvirtue，thissoprofessedandimplacableenemytoanxiety，sorrow，fear，andconstraint，who，havingnatureforherguide，hasfortuneandpleasureforhercompanions，thattheyhavegone，accordingtotheirownweakimagination，andcreatedthisridiculous，thissorrowful，querulous，despiteful，threatening，terribleimageofittothemselvesandothers，andplacedituponarockapart，amongstthornsandbrambles，andmadeofitahobgoblintoaffrightpeople。
ButthegovernorthatIwouldhave，thatissuchaoneasknowsittobehisdutytopossesshispupilwithasmuchormoreaffectionthanreverencetovirtue，willbeabletoinformhim，thatthepoetshaveevermoreaccommodatedthemselvestothepublichumour，andmakehimsensible，thatthegodshaveplantedmoretoilandsweatintheavenuesofthecabinetsofVenusthaninthoseofMinerva。Andwhenheshalloncefindhimbegintoapprehend，andshallrepresenttohimaBradamanteoranAngelica——[HeroinesofAriosto。]——foramistress，anatural，active，generous，andnotaviragoish，butamanlybeauty，incomparisonofasoft，delicate，artificialsimpering，andaffectedform;theoneinthehabitofaheroicyouth，wearingaglitteringhelmet，theothertrickedupincurlsandribbonslikeawantonminx;hewillthenlookuponhisownaffectionasbraveandmasculine，whenheshallchoosequitecontrarytothateffeminateshepherdofPhrygia。
Suchatutorwillmakeapupildigestthisnewlesson，thattheheightandvalueoftruevirtueconsistsinthefacility，utility，andpleasureofitsexercise;sofarfromdifficulty，thatboys，aswellasmen，andtheinnocentaswellasthesubtle，maymakeittheirown;itisbyorder，andnotbyforce，thatitistobeacquired。Socrates，herfirstminion，issoaversetoallmannerofviolence，astotallytothrowitaside，toslipintothemorenaturalfacilityofherownprogress;’tisthenursingmotherofallhumanpleasures，whoinrenderingthemjust，rendersthemalsopureandpermanent;inmoderatingthem，keepstheminbreathandappetite;ininterdictingthosewhichsheherselfrefuses，whetsourdesiretothosethatsheallows;and，likeakindandliberalmother，abundantlyallowsallthatnaturerequires，eventosatiety，ifnottolassitude:unlesswemeantosaythattheregimenwhichstopsthetoperbeforehehasdrunkhimselfdrunk，thegluttonbeforehehaseatentoasurfeit，andthelecherbeforehehasgotthepox，isanenemytopleasure。Iftheordinaryfortunefail，shedoeswithoutit，andformsanother，whollyherown，notsofickleandunsteadyastheother。Shecanberich，bepotentandwise，andknowshowtolieuponsoftperfumedbeds:sheloveslife，beauty，glory，andhealth;butherproperandpeculiarofficeistoknowhowtoregulatetheuseofallthesegoodthings，andhowtolosethemwithoutconcern:anofficemuchmorenoblethantroublesome，andwithoutwhichthewholecourseoflifeisunnatural，turbulent，anddeformed，andthereitisindeed，thatmenmayjustlyrepresentthosemonstersuponrocksandprecipices。
Ifthispupilshallhappentobeofsocontraryadisposition，thathehadratherhearataleofatubthanthetruenarrativeofsomenobleexpeditionorsomewiseandlearneddiscourse;whoatthebeatofdrum，thatexcitestheyouthfulardourofhiscompanions，leavesthattofollowanotherthatcallstoamorrisorthebears;whowouldnotwish，andfinditmoredelightfulandmoreexcellent，toreturnalldustandsweatvictoriousfromabattle，thanfromtennisorfromaball，withtheprizeofthoseexercises;Iseenootherremedy，butthathebeboundprenticeinsomegoodtowntolearntomakemincedpies，thoughhewerethesonofaduke;accordingtoPlato’sprecept，thatchildrenaretobeplacedoutanddisposedof，notaccordingtothewealth，qualities，orconditionofthefather，butaccordingtothefacultiesandthecapacityoftheirownsouls。
Sincephilosophyisthatwhichinstructsustolive，andthatinfancyhasthereitslessonsaswellasotherages，whyisitnotcommunicatedtochildrenbetimes？
\"Udumetmollelutumest;nunc，nuncproperandus，etacriFingendussinefinerota。\"
[\"Theclayismoistandsoft:now，nowmakehaste，andformthepitcherontherapidwheel。’——Persius，iii。23。]
Theybegintoteachustolivewhenwehavealmostdoneliving。
AhundredstudentshavegotthepoxbeforetheyhavecometoreadAristotle’slectureontemperance。Cicerosaid，thatthoughheshouldlivetwomen’sages，heshouldneverfindleisuretostudythelyricpoets;andIfindthesesophistersyetmoredeplorablyunprofitable。
Theboywewouldbreedhasagreatdeallesstimetospare;heowesbutthefirstfifteenorsixteenyearsofhislifetoeducation;theremainderisduetoaction。Letus，therefore，employthatshorttimeinnecessaryinstruction。Awaywiththethornysubtletiesofdialectics;
theyareabuses，thingsbywhichourlivescanneverbeamended:taketheplainphilosophicaldiscourses，learnhowrightlytochoose，andthenrightlytoapplythem;theyaremoreeasytobeunderstoodthanoneofBoccaccio’snovels;achildfromnurseismuchmorecapableofthem，thanoflearningtoreadortowrite。Philosophyhasdiscoursesproperforchildhood，aswellasforthedecrepitageofmen。
IamofPlutarch’smind，thatAristotledidnotsomuchtroublehisgreatdisciplewiththeknackofformingsyllogisms，orwiththeelementsofgeometry;aswithinfusingintohimgoodpreceptsconcerningvalour，prowess，magnanimity，temperance，andthecontemptoffear;andwiththisammunition，senthim，whilstyetaboy，withnomorethanthirtythousandfoot，fourthousandhorse，andbutforty—twothousandcrowns，tosubjugatetheempireofthewholeearth。Fortheotheractsandsciences，hesays，Alexanderhighlyindeedcommendedtheirexcellenceandcharm，andhadtheminverygreathonourandesteem，butnotravishedwiththemtothatdegreeastobetemptedtoaffectthepracticeofthemInhisownperson:
\"Petitehinc，juvenesquesenesque，Finemammocertum，miserisqueviaticacanis。\"
[\"Youngmenandoldmen，derivehenceacertainendtothemind，andstoresformiserablegreyhairs。\"——Persius，v。64。]
Epicurus，inthebeginningofhislettertoMeniceus，——[DiogenesLaertius，x。122。]——says，\"Thatneithertheyoungestshouldrefusetophilosophise，northeoldestgrowwearyofit。\"Whodoesotherwise，seemstacitlytoimply，thateitherthetimeoflivinghappilyisnotyetcome，orthatitisalreadypast。Andyet，aforallthat，I
wouldnothavethispupilofoursimprisonedandmadeaslavetohisbook;norwouldIhavehimgivenuptothemorosityandmelancholichumourofasourill—naturedpedant。
Iwouldnothavehisspiritcowedandsubdued，byapplyinghimtotherack，andtormentinghim，assomedo，fourteenorfifteenhoursaday，andsomakeapack—horseofhim。NeithershouldIthinkitgood，when，byreasonofasolitaryandmelancholiccomplexion，heisdiscoveredtobeovermuchaddictedtohisbook，tonourishthathumourinhim;forthatrendershimunfitforcivilconversation，anddivertshimfrombetteremployments。AndhowmanyhaveIseeninmytimetotallybrutifiedbyanimmoderatethirstafterknowledge？Carneadeswassobesottedwithit，thathewouldnotfindtimesomuchastocombhisheadortoparehisnails。NeitherwouldIhavehisgenerousmannersspoiledandcorruptedbytheincivilityandbarbarismofthoseofanother。TheFrenchwisdomwasancientlyturnedintoproverb:\"Early，butofnocontinuance。\"And，intruth，weyetsee，thatnothingcanbemoreingeniousandpleasingthanthechildrenofFrance;buttheyordinarilydeceivethehopeandexpectationthathavebeenconceivedofthem;andgrownuptobemen，havenothingextraordinaryorworthtakingnoticeof:Ihaveheardmenofgoodunderstandingsay，thesecollegesofourstowhichwesendouryoungpeople（andofwhichwehavebuttoomany）makethemsuchanimalsastheyare。——[HobbessaidthatifheHadbeenatcollegeaslongasotherpeopleheshouldhavebeenasgreatablockheadasthey。W。C。H。][AndBaconbeforeHobbe’stimehaddiscussedthe\"futility\"ofuniversityteaching。
D。W。]
Buttoourlittlemonsieur，acloset，agarden，thetable，hisbed，solitude，andcompany，morningandevening，allhoursshallbethesame，andallplacestohimastudy;forphilosophy，who，astheformatrixofjudgmentandmanners，shallbehisprincipallesson，hasthatprivilegetohaveahandineverything。TheoratorIsocrates，beingatafeastentreatedtospeakofhisart，allthecompanyweresatisfiedwithandcommendedhisanswer:\"Itisnotnowatime，\"saidhe，\"todowhatIcando;andthatwhichitisnowtimetodo，Icannotdo。\"——[Plutarch，Symp。，i。I。]——Fortomakeorationsandrhetoricaldisputesinacompanymettogethertolaughandmakegoodcheer，hadbeenveryunreasonableandimproper，andasmuchmighthavebeensaidofalltheothersciences。
Butastowhatconcernsphilosophy，thatpartofitatleastthattreatsofman，andofhisofficesandduties，ithasbeenthecommonopinionofallwisemen，that，outofrespecttothesweetnessofherconversation，sheisevertobeadmittedinallsportsandentertainments。AndPlato，havinginvitedhertohisfeast，weseeafterhowgentleandobligingamanner，accommodatedbothtotimeandplace，sheentertainedthecompany，thoughinadiscourseofthehighestandmostimportantnature:
\"Aequepauperibusprodest，locupletibusaeque;
Et，neglecta，aequepuerissenibusquenocebit。\"
[\"Itprofitspoorandrichalike，but，neglected，equallyhurtsoldandyoung。\"——Horace，Ep。，i。25。]
Bythismethodofinstruction，myyoungpupilwillbemuchmoreandbetteremployedthanhisfellowsofthecollegeare。Butasthestepswetakeinwalkingtoandfroinagallery，thoughthreetimesasmany，donottireamansomuchasthoseweemployinaformaljourney，soourlesson，asitwereaccidentallyoccurring，withoutanysetobligationoftimeorplace，andfallingnaturallyintoeveryaction，willinsensiblyinsinuateitself。Bywhichmeansourveryexercisesandrecreations，running，wrestling，music，dancing，hunting，riding，andfencing，willprovetobeagoodpartofourstudy。Iwouldhavehisoutwardfashionandmien，andthedispositionofhislimbs，formedatthesametimewithhismind。’Tisnotasoul，’tisnotabodythatwearetrainingup，butaman，andweoughtnottodividehim。And，asPlatosays，wearenottofashiononewithouttheother，butmakethemdrawtogetherliketwohorsesharnessedtoacoach。Bywhichsayingofhis，doeshenotseemtoallowmoretimefor，andtotakemorecareofexercisesforthebody，andtoholdthatthemind，inagoodproportion，doesherbusinessatthesametimetoo？
Astotherest，thismethodofeducationoughttobecarriedonwithaseveresweetness，quitecontrarytothepracticeofourpedants，who，insteadoftemptingandalluringchildrentolettersbyaptandgentleways，dointruthpresentnothingbeforethembutrodsandferules，horrorandcruelty。Awaywiththisviolence！awaywiththiscompulsion！
thanwhich，Icertainlybelievenothingmoredullsanddegeneratesawell—descendednature。Ifyouwouldhavehimapprehendshameandchastisement，donothardenhimtothem:inurehimtoheatandcold，towindandsun，andtodangersthatheoughttodespise;weanhimfromalleffeminacyanddelicacyinclothesandlodging，eatinganddrinking;
accustomhimtoeverything，thathemaynotbeaSirParis，acarpet—
knight，butasinewy，hardy，andvigorousyoungman。IhaveeverfromachildtotheagewhereinInowam，beenofthisopinion，andamstillconstanttoit。Butamongstotherthings，thestrictgovernmentofmostofourcollegeshasevermoredispleasedme;peradventure，theymighthaveerredlessperniciouslyontheindulgentside。’Tisarealhouseofcorrectionofimprisonedyouth。Theyaremadedebauchedbybeingpunishedbeforetheyareso。Dobutcomeinwhentheyareabouttheirlesson，andyoushallhearnothingbuttheoutcriesofboysunderexecution，withthethunderingnoiseoftheirpedagoguesdrunkwithfury。
Averyprettywaythis，totemptthesetenderandtimoroussoulstolovetheirbook，withafuriouscountenance，andarodinhand！Acursedandperniciouswayofproceeding！BesideswhatQuintilianhasverywellobserved，thatthisimperiousauthorityisoftenattendedbyverydangerousconsequences，andparticularlyourwayofchastising。Howmuchmoredecentwoulditbetoseetheirclassesstrewedwithgreenleavesandfineflowers，thanwiththebloodystumpsofbirchandwillows？Wereitlefttomyordering。Ishouldpainttheschoolwiththepicturesofjoyandgladness;FloraandtheGraces，asthephilosopherSpeusippusdidhis。Wheretheirprofitis，letthemtherehavetheirpleasuretoo。
Suchviandsasareproperandwholesomeforchildren，shouldbesweetenedwithsugar，andsuchasaredangeroustothem，embitteredwithgall。
’TismarvelloustoseehowsolicitousPlatoisinhisLawsconcerningthegaietyanddiversionoftheyouthofhiscity，andhowmuchandoftenheenlargesupontheraces，sports，songs，leaps，anddances:ofwhich，hesays，thatantiquityhasgiventheorderingandpatronageparticularlytothegodsthemselves，toApollo，Minerva，andtheMuses。Heinsistslongupon，andisveryparticularin，givinginnumerablepreceptsforexercises;butastotheletteredsciences，saysverylittle，andonlyseemsparticularlytorecommendpoetryupontheaccountofmusic。
Allsingularityinourmannersandconditionsistobeavoided，asinconsistentwithcivilsociety。WhowouldnotbeastonishedatsostrangeaconstitutionasthatofDemophoon，stewardtoAlexandertheGreat，whosweatedintheshadeandshiveredinthesun？Ihaveseenthosewhohaverunfromthesmellofamellowapplewithgreaterprecipitationthanfromaharquebuss—shot;othersafraidofamouse;
othersvomitatthesightofcream;othersreadytoswoonatthemakingofafeatherbed;Germanicuscouldneitherendurethesightnorthecrowingofacock。Iwillnotdeny，butthattheremay，peradventure，besomeoccultcauseandnaturalaversioninthesecases;but，inmyopinion，amanmightconquerit，ifhetookitintime。Precepthasinthiswroughtsoeffectuallyuponme，thoughnotwithoutsomepainsonmypart，Iconfess，thatbeerexcepted，myappetiteaccommodatesitselfindifferentlytoallsortsofdiet。Youngbodiesaresupple;oneshould，therefore，inthatagebendandplythemtoallfashionsandcustoms:andprovidedamancancontaintheappetiteandthewillwithintheirduelimits，letayoungman，inGod’sname，berenderedfitforallnationsandallcompanies，eventodebaucheryandexcess，ifneedbe;thatis，whereheshalldoitoutofcomplacencytothecustomsoftheplace。
Lethimbeabletodoeverything，butlovetodonothingbutwhatisgood。ThephilosophersthemselvesdonotjustifyCallisthenesforforfeitingthefavourofhismasterAlexandertheGreat，byrefusingtopledgehimacupofwine。Lethimlaugh，play，wenchwithhisprince:
nay，Iwouldhavehim，eveninhisdebauches，toohardfortherestofthecompany，andtoexcelhiscompanionsinabilityandvigour，andthathemaynotgiveoverdoingit，eitherthroughdefectofpowerorknowledgehowtodoit，butforwantofwill。
\"Multuminterest，utrumpeccarealiquisnolit，annesciat。\"
[\"Thereisavastdifferencebetwixtforbearingtosin，andnotknowinghowtosin。\"——Seneca，Ep。，90]
IthoughtIpassedacomplimentuponalord，asfreefromthoseexcessesasanymaninFrance，byaskinghimbeforeagreatdealofverygoodcompany，howmanytimesinhislifehehadbeendrunkinGermany，inthetimeofhisbeingthereabouthisMajesty’saffairs;whichhealsotookasitwasintended，andmadeanswer，\"Threetimes\";andwithaltoldusthewholestoryofhisdebauches。Iknowsomewho，forwantofthisfaculty，havefoundagreatinconvenienceinnegotiatingwiththatnation。IhaveoftenwithgreatadmirationreflecteduponthewonderfulconstitutionofAlcibiades，whosoeasilycouldtransformhimselftosovariousfashionswithoutanyprejudicetohishealth;onewhileoutdoingthePersianpompandluxury，andanother，theLacedaemonianausterityandfrugality;asreformedinSparta，asvoluptuousinIonia:
\"OmnisAristippumdecuitcolor，etstatus，etres。\"
[\"Everycomplexionoflife，andstation，andcircumstancebecameAristippus。\"——Horace，Ep。，xvii。23。]
Iwouldhavemypupiltobesuchanone，\"Quemduplicipannopatentiavelat，Mirabor，vitaeviasiconversadecebit，Personamqueferetnoninconcinnusutramque。\"
[\"Ishouldadmirehimwhowithpatiencebearingapatchedgarment，bearswellachangedfortune，actingbothpartsequallywell。\"
——HoraceEp。，xvii。25。]
Thesearemylessons，andhewhoputstheminpracticeshallreapmoreadvantagethanhewhohashadthemreadtohimonly，andsoonlyknowsthem。Ifyouseehim，youhearhim;ifyouhearhim，youseehim。Godforbid，saysoneinPlato，thattophilosophisewereonlytoreadagreatmanybooks，andtolearnthearts。
\"Hancamplissimamomniumartiumbenevivendidisciplinam，vitamagisquamliteris，persequutisunt。\"
[\"Theyhaveproceededtothisdisciplineoflivingwell，whichofallartsisthegreatest，bytheirlives，ratherthanbytheirreading。\"——Cicero，Tusc。Quaes。，iv。3。]
Leo，princeofthePhliasians，askingHeraclidesPonticus——[ItwasnotHeraclidesofPontuswhomadethisanswer，butPythagoras。]——ofwhatartorsciencehemadeprofession:\"Iknow，\"saidhe，\"neitherartnorscience，butIamaphilosopher。\"OnereproachingDiogenesthat，beingignorant，heshouldpretendtophilosophy;\"Itherefore，\"answeredhe，\"pretendtoitwithsomuchthemorereason。\"Hegesiasentreatedthathewouldreadacertainbooktohim:\"Youarepleasant，\"saidhe;\"youchoosethosefigsthataretrueandnatural，andnotthosethatarepainted;whydoyounotalsochooseexerciseswhicharenaturallytrue，ratherthanthosewritten？\"
Theladwillnotsomuchgethislessonbyheartashewillpractiseit:
hewillrepeatitinhisactions。Weshalldiscoveriftherebeprudenceinhisexercises，iftherebesincerityandjusticeinhisdeportment，iftherebegraceandjudgmentinhisspeaking;iftherebeconstancyinhissickness;iftherebemodestyinhismirth，temperanceinhispleasures，orderinhisdomesticeconomy，indifferenceinpalate，whetherwhatheeatsordrinksbefleshorfish，wineorwater:
\"Quidisciplinamsuamnonostentationemscientiae，sedlegemvitaeputet:quiqueobtemperetipsesibi，etdecretispareat。\"
[\"Whoconsidershisowndiscipline，notasavainostentationofscience，butasalawandruleoflife;andwhoobeyshisowndecrees，andthelawshehasprescribedforhimself。\"
——Cicero，Tusc。Quaes。，ii。4。]
Theconductofourlivesisthetruemirrorofourdoctrine。Zeuxidamus，toonewhoaskedhim，whytheLacedaemoniansdidnotcommittheirconstitutionsofchivalrytowriting，anddeliverthemtotheiryoungmentoread，madeanswer，thatitwasbecausetheywouldinurethemtoaction，andnotamusethemwithwords。Withsuchaone，afterfifteenorsixteenyears’study，compareoneofourcollegeLatinists，whohasthrownawaysomuchtimeinnothingbutlearningtospeak。Theworldisnothingbutbabble;andIhardlyeveryetsawthatmanwhodidnotratherpratetoomuch，thanspeaktoolittle。Andyethalfofourageisembezzledthisway:wearekeptfourorfiveyearstolearnwordsonly，andtotackthemtogetherintoclauses;asmanymoretoformthemintoalongdiscourse，dividedintofourorfiveparts;andotherfiveyears，atleast，tolearnsuccinctlytomixandinterweavethemafterasubtleandintricatemannerletusleaveallthistothosewhomakeaprofessionofit。
GoingonedaytoOrleans，ImetinthatplainonthissideClery，twopedantswhoweretravellingtowardsBordeaux，aboutfiftypacesdistantfromoneanother;and，agoodwayfurtherbehindthem，Idiscoveredatroopofhorse，withagentlemanattheheadofthem，whowasthelateMonsieurleComtedelaRochefoucauld。Oneofmypeopleinquiredoftheforemostofthesemastersofarts，whothatgentlemanwasthatcameafterhim;he，havingnotseenthetrainthatfollowedafter，andthinkinghiscompanionwasmeant，pleasantlyanswered，\"Heisnotagentleman;heisagrammarian;andIamalogician。\"Nowwewho，quitecontrary，donotherepretendtobreedagrammarianoralogician，butagentleman，letusleavethemtoabusetheirleisure;ourbusinesslieselsewhere。Letbutourpupilbewellfurnishedwiththings，wordswillfollowbuttoofast;