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  TomeheseemsveryunworthytobeHester\'slover,forsheisabeautifulwomanoffleshandblood。Mr。Dimmesdalewasnotonlyimmoral;hewasunsportsmanlike。Hehadnomorepluckthanachurch-mouse。Hismiserablepassionwasdegradedbyitsbrevity;

  howcouldheseethiswoman\'sdisgraceforsevenlongyears,andneverpluckuphearteithertosharehershameorpeccareforliter?

  Heisalayfigure,verycleverly,butsomewhatconventionallymadeandpainted。ThevengefulhusbandofHester,RogerChillingworth,isaMr。Casaubonstungintojealousanger。Buthisattitude,watchingeverbyDimmesdale,tormentinghim,andyetinhisconfidence,andeverunsuspected,remindsoneofaconceptiondeartoDickens。Heusesitin\"DavidCopperfield,\"whereMr。Micawberofallpeople!playsthistrickonUriahHeep;heusesitin\"HuntedDown\";hewasaboutusingitin\"EdwinDrood\";heuseditoldMartinandPecksniffin\"MartinChuzzlewit。\"ThepersonofRogerChillingworthandhisconductarealittletoomelodramaticforHawthorne\'sgenius。

  InDickens\'smanner,too,isHawthorne\'slongsarcasticaddresstoJudgePyncheonin\"TheHouseoftheSevenGables\",asthejudgesitsdeadinhischair,withhiswatchtickinginhishand。

  OccasionallyachanceremarkremindsoneofDickens;thisforexample:Heistalkingoflarge,blackoldbooksofdivinity,andoftheirsuccessors,tinybooks,Elzevirsperhaps。\"Theselittleoldvolumesimpressedmeasiftheyhadbeenintendedforverylargeones,buthadbeenunfortunatelyblightedatanearlystageoftheirgrowth。\"ThismightalmostdeceivetheelectasapieceofthetrueBoz。Theirwidelydifferenttalentsdidreallyintersecteachotherwheretheperverse,thegrotesque,andtheterribledwell。

  Tomyself\"TheHouseoftheSevenGables\"hasalwaysappearedthemostbeautifulandattractiveofHawthorne\'snovels。Heactuallygivesusalovestory,andcondescendstoaprettyheroine。Thecurseof\"Maule\'sBlood\"isagoodoldromanticidea,terriblyhandled。Thereismoreoflightness,andofacobwebbydustyhumourinHepzibahPyncheon,thedecayedladyshopkeeper,thanHawthornecommonlycarestodisplay。Doyoucareforthe\"firstlover,\"thePhotographer\'sYoungMan?Itmaybeconventionalprejudice,butIseemtoseehimgoingaboutonatricycle,andI

  don\'tthinkhimtherightpersonforPhoebe。Perhapsitisreallythebeautiful,gentle,oppressedCliffordwhohauntsone\'smemorymost,akindoftragicandthwartedHaroldSkimpole。\"Howpleasant,howdelightful,\"hemurmured,butnotasifaddressinganyone。

  \"Willitlast?Howbalmytheatmospherethroughthatopenwindow!

  Anopenwindow!Howbeautifulthatplayofsunshine。Thoseflowers,howveryfragrant!Thatyounggirl\'sface,howcheerful,howblooming。Aflowerwiththedewonit,andsunbeamsinthedewdrops……\"ThiscomparisonwithSkimpolemaysoundlikeanunkindcriticismofClifford\'scharacterandplaceinthestory——itisonlyachancenoteofachanceresemblance。

  Indeed,itmaybethatHawthornehimselfwasawareoftheresemblance。\"AnindividualofClifford\'scharacter,\"heremarks,\"canalwaysbeprickedmoreacutelythroughhissenseofthebeautifulandharmoniousthanthroughhisheart。\"Andhesuggeststhat,ifCliffordhadnotbeensolonginprison,hisaestheticzeal\"mighthaveeatenoutorfiledawayhisaffections。\"ThiswaswhatbefellHaroldSkimpole——himself\"inprisonsoften\"——atCoavinses!TheJudgePyncheonofthetaleisalsoamasterlystudyofswaggeringblack-heartedrespectability,andthen,inadditiontoallthepoetryofhisstyle,andthecharmofhishauntedair,Hawthornefavoursuswithabraveconclusionofthegoodsort,theoldsort。Theycomeintomoney,theymarry,theyarehappyeverafter。Thisisdoingthingshandsomely,thoughsomeofourmodernnoveliststhinkitcoarseanddegrading。Hawthornedidnotthinkso,andtheyarenotexactlybetterartiststhanHawthorne。

  Yethe,too,hadhiseconomies,whichweresent。IdonotmeanhisnottellinguswhatitwasthatRogerChillingworthsawonArthurDimmesdale\'sbarebreast。Toleavethatvagueisquitelegitimate。

  ButwhathadMiriamandthespectreoftheCatacombsdone?Whowasthespectre?Whatdidhewant?TohavetoldallthiswouldhavebeenbetterthantofillthenovelwithpaddingaboutRome,sculpture,andtheEthicsofArt。Asthesillysayingruns:\"thepeoplehasarighttoknow\"aboutMiriamandherghostlyacquaintance。{10}Butthe\"MarbleFaun\"isnotofHawthorne\'sbestperiod,beautifulasareahundredpassagesinthetale。

  Beautifulpassagesareascommoninhisproseasgoldintherichestquartz。HowexcellentarehiswordsonthefirstfaintbutcertainbreathofAutumnintheair,felt,perhaps,earlyinJuly。

  \"AndthencameAutumn,withhisimmenseburthenofapples,droppingthemcontinuallyfromhisoverladenshouldersashetrudgedalong。\"

  KeatsmighthavewrittensoofAutumnintheorchards——ifKeatshadbeenwritingprose。

  Therearegeniusesmoresunny,large,andgladthanHawthorne\'s,nonemoreoriginal,moresurefooted,inhisownrealmofmoonlightandtwilight。

  CHAPTERXI:THEPARADISEOFPOETS

  WeweretalkingofLove,Constancy,theIdeal。\"Whoeverlovedlikethepoets?\"criedLadyVioletLebas,herpure,palecheekflushing。\"Ah,ifeverIamtolove,heshallbeasinger!\"

  \"Tenorsarepopular,very,\"saidLordWalter。

  \"Imeanapoet,\"sheansweredwitheringly。

  NearthemstoodMr。Witham,theauthorof\"Heart\'sChordsTangled。\"

  \"Ah,\"saidhe,\"thatremindsme。Ihavebeentryingtocatchitallthemorning。Thatremindsmeofmydream。\"

  \"Tellusyourdream,\"murmuredLadyVioletLebas,andhetoldit。

  \"Itwasthroughanunfortunatebutpardonableblunder,\"saidMr。

  Witham,\"thatIdied,andreachedtheParadiseofPoets。Ihad,indeed,publishedvolumesofverse,butwiththemostblamelessmotives。Otherpoetswerecontinuallysendingmetheirs,and,asI

  couldnotadmirethem,anddidnotliketoreplybycriticalremarks,Isimplyprintedsomerhymesforthepurposeofsendingthemtothegentlemenwhofavouredmewiththeirs。Ialwayswroteonthefly-leafaquotationfromthe\"Iliad,\"aboutgivingcopperinexchangeforgold;andthefewpoetswhocouldreadGreekweregratified,whiletheothers,probably,thoughtacomplimentwasintended。Nothingcouldbelessculpableorpretentious,but,throughsomemistakeonthepartofCharon,IwasdraftedofftotheParadiseofPoets。

  \"OutsidetheGoldenGateanumberofShadowswerewaiting,indifferentattitudesofdepressionandlanguor。BaviusandMaeviuswerethere,stillcomplainingof\'cliques,\'railingatHoraceforamererhymerofsociety,andatVirgilasaplagiarist,\'TakeawayhiscribsfromHomerandApolloniusRhodius,\'quothhonestMaevius,\'andwhatisthereleftofhim?\'Ialsometasocietyofgentlemen,inGreekcostume,ofvariousages,fromahalf-nakedminstrelwithatortoiseshelllyreinhishandtoanelegantoftheageofPericles。Theyallconsortedtogether,talkingvariousdialectsofAeolic,Ionian,AtticGreek,andsoforth,whichwereplainlynotintelligibletoeachother。Iventuredtoaskoneofthecompanywhohewas,buthe,withasweepofhishand,said,\'WeareHomer!\'WhenIexpressedmyregretandsurprisethattheGoldenGatehadnotyetopenedforsodistinguished,thoughcollective,anartist,myfriendansweredthat,accordingtoFick,Peppmuller,andmanyotherlearnedmen,theywereHomer。\'ButanimpostorfromChioshasgotinsomehow,\'hesaid;\'theydon\'tpaytheleastattentiontotheGermansintheParadiseofPoets。\'

  \"AtthismomenttheGoldenGateswerethrownapart,andafairlady,inanearlyItaliancostume,carryingalaurelinherhand,appearedattheentrance。AlltheShadowslookedupwithanairofwearyexpectation,likepeoplewaitingfortheirturninadoctor\'sconsulting-room。Shebeckonedtome,however,andImadehastetofollowher。Thewords\'Charlatan!\'\'Youapoet!\'inavarietyoflanguages,greetedmebywayoffarewellfromtheShadows。

  \"\'TherenownedLaura,ifIamnotmistaken,\'Iventuredtoremark,recognisingher,indeed,fromtheminiatureintheLaurentianlibraryatFlorence。

  \"Shebowed,andIbegantoaskforheradorer,Petrarch。

  \"\'Excuseme,\'saidLaura,asweglideddownamossypath,undertheshadeoftreesparticularlydeartopoets,\'excuseme,butthesonneteerofwhomyouspeakisonewhosenameIcannotbeartomention。HisconductwithBurns\'sClarinda,hisheartlessinfatuationforStella——\'

  \"\'Youastonishme,\'Isaid。\'IntheParadiseofPoets——\'

  \"\'Theyarepoetsstill——incorrigible!\'answeredthelady;thenslightlyraisinghervoiceofsilver,asabeautifulappearanceinatogadrewnear,shecried\'Catullomio!\'

  \"Thegreetingbetweentheseaccomplishedghostswastookindlytoleaveroomfordoubtastotheardouroftheiraffections。

  \"\'Willyou,myCatullus,\'murmuredLaura,\'explaintothispoetfromthelandoffogs,anymatterswhich,tohim,mayseempuzzlingandunfamiliarinourParadise?\'

  \"TheVeronese,withacharmingsmile,tookmyhand,andledmetoashadowyarbour,whenceweenjoyedaprospectofmanyriversandmountainsinthepoets\'heaven。AmongtheseIrecognisedthetriplecrestoftheEildons,GrongarHill,CithaeronandEtna;

  whilethereed-fringedwatersoftheMinciusflowedmusicallybetweenthebanksandbraeso\'bonnyDoontojointheTweed。

  Blitheghostswerewanderingby,inallvarietiesofapparel,andI

  distinctlyobservedDante\'sBeatrice,leaninglovingonthearmofSirPhilipSidney,whileDantewascloselyengagedinconversationwiththelostLenore,celebratedbyMr。EdgarAllanPoe。

  \"\'InwhatcanmyknowledgeoftheParadiseofPoetsbeserviceabletoyou,sir?\'saidCatullus,asheflunghimselfatthefeetofLaura,onthevelvetgrass。

  \"\'Iamdisinclinedtoseemimpertinentlycurious,\'Ianswered,\'buttheladiesinthisfair,smilingcountry——havethegodsmadethempoetical?\'

  \"\'Notgenerally,\'repliedCatullus。\'Indeed,ifyouwouldbewellwiththem,Imaywarnyounevertomentionpoetryintheirhearing。

  Theynevercaredforitwhileonearth,andinthisplaceitisatopicwhichtheprudentcarefullyavoidamongladies。Totellthetruth,theyhavehadtolistentofartoomuchpoetry,andtoomanydiscussionsonthecaesura。Thereare,indeed,afewladypoets——

  veryfew。Sappho,forexample;indeedIcannotrecallanyotheratthismoment。TheresultisthatPhaon,ofalltheshadowshere,isthemostdistinguishedbythefair。Hewasnotapoet,youknow;

  hegotinonaccountofSappho,whoadoredhim。Theyareestrangednow,ofcourse。\'

  \"\'Youinterestmedeeply,\'Ianswered。\'Andnow,willyoukindlytellmewhytheseladiesarehere,iftheywerenotpoets?\'

  \"\'Thewomenthatwereouridealswhilewedweltonearth,thewomenwelovedbutneverwon,or,atallevents,neverwedded,theyforwhomwesighedwhileinthearmsofarecognisedandlegitimateaffection,havebeenchosenbytheOlympianstokeepuscompanyinParadise!\'

  \"\'Thenwherefore,\'Iinterrupted,\'doIseeRobertBurnsloiteringwiththatladyinaruff,——Cassandra,Imakenodoubt——Ronsard\'sCassandra?AndwhyistheincomparableClarindainseparablefromPetrarch;andMissPattyBlount,Pope\'sflame,fromtheSyrianMeleager,whileHISHeliodoreismanifestlydevotedtoMr。Emerson,whom,bytheway,Iamdelighted,ifrathersurprised,toseehere?\'

  \"\'Ah,\'saidCatullus,\'youareanew-comeramongus。Poetswillbepoets,andnosoonerhavetheyattainedtheirdesire,anddweltinthecompanyoftheirearthlyIdeals,thantheyfeelstrangely,yetirresistiblydrawntoAnother。Soitwasinlife,soitwilleverbe。NoIdealcansurviveadailycompanionship,andfortunateisthepoetwhodidnotmarryhisfirstlove!\'

  \"\'Asfarasthatgoes,\'Ianswered,\'mostofyouwerehighlyfavoured;indeed,IdonotrememberanypoetwhoseIdealwashiswife,orwhosefirstloveledhimtothealtar。\'

  \"\'Iwasnotamarryingmanmyself,\'answeredtheVeronese;\'fewofuswere。Myself,Horace,Virgil——wewereallbachelors。\'

  \"\'AndLesbia!\'

  \"Isaidthisinalowvoice,forLaurawasweavingbayintoachaplet,andinattentivetoourconversation。

  \"\'PoorLesbia!\'saidCatullus,withasuppressedsigh。\'HowI

  misjudgedthatgirl!Howcruel,howcauselessweremyreproaches,\'

  andwildlyrendinghiscurledlocksandlaurelcrown,hefledintoathicket,whencetheresoonarosethemelancholynotesoftheAusonianlyre。\'

  \"\'Heisincorrigible,\'saidLaura,verycoldly;andshedeliberatelybegantotearandtossawaythefragmentsofthechapletshehadbeenweaving。\'Ishallneverbreakhimofthathabitofversifying。Buttheyareallalike。\'

  \"\'Istherenobodyhere,\'saidI,\'whoishappywithhisIdeal——

  nobodybuthasexchangedIdealswithsomeotherpoet?\'

  \"\'Thereisone,\'shesaid。\'Hecomesofanortherntribe;andinhislife-timeheneverrhymeduponhisunattainablelady,orifrhymehedid,theaccentsnevercarriedhernametotheearsofthevulgar。Lookthere。\'

  \"Shepointedtotheriveratourfeet,andIknewthemountedfigurethatwasridingtheford,withagreen-mantledladybesidehimliketheFairyQueen。

  \"SurelyIhadreadofher,andknewher-

  \"\'Shewhoseblueeyestheirsecrettold,Thoughshadedbyherlocksofgold。\'

  \"\'Theyaredifferent;Iknownotwhy。Theyareconstant,\'saidLaura,andrisingwithanairofchagrin,shedisappearedamongtheboughsofthetreesthatbearhername。

  \"\'Unhappyheartsofpoets,\'Imused。\'Lightthingsandsacredtheyare,butevenintheirParadise,andamongtheirchosen,witheverywishfulfilled,andunitedtotheirbeloved,theycannotbeatrest!\'

  \"Thusmoralising,Iwendedmywaytoacrag,whencetherewasawideprospect。Certainpoetswerestandingthere,lookingdownintoanabyss,andtothemIjoinedmyself。

  \"\'Ah,Icannotbearit!\'saidavoice,and,asheturnedaway,hisbrowalreadyclearing,hispainalreadyforgotten,IbeheldtheaugustformofShakespeare。

  \"Markingmycuriositybeforeitwasexpressed,heansweredtheunutteredquestion。

  \"\'ThatisasightforPagans,\'hesaid,\'andmaygivethempleasure。ButmyParadisewereembitteredifIhadtowatchthesorrowsofothers,andtheirtorments,howeverwelldeserved。Theothersaregazingonthepurgatoryofcriticsandcommentators。\'

  \"Hepassedfromme,andIjoinedthe\'Ionianfatheroftherest\'——

  Homer,who,withacountenanceofunspeakablemajesty,wasseatedonathroneofrock,betweentheMantuanVirgilofthelaurelcrown,Hugo,Sophocles,Milton,Lovelace,Tennyson,andShelley。

  \"AttheirfeetIbeheld,inavastandgloomyhall,manyanhonestcritic,manyaneruditecommentator,anarmyofreviewers。Somewerecondemnedtorolllogsupinsuperableheights,whencetheydescendedthunderingtotheplain。Othersweresettoimpositions,andIparticularlyobservedthattheHomericcommentatorswereobligedtowriteoutthe\"Iliad\"and\"Odyssey\"intheircompleteshape,andwerealwaysdrivenbyfiendstothetaskwhentheyprayedforthebarecharityofbeingpermittedtoleaveoutthe\'interpolations。\'Others,fearfultonarrate,weretornintoasmanyfragmentsastheyhadmadeoftheseimmortalepics。Others,suchasAristarchus,werespittedontheirowncriticalsignsofdisapproval。Manyreviewerswerecompelledtoreadthebookswhichtheyhadcriticisedwithoutperusal,anditwasterribletowatchtheagoniesoftheworthypressmenwhoweresettothisunwontedtask。\'Maywenotbeletoffwiththepreface?\'theycriedinpiteousaccents。\'Maywenotglanceatthetableofcontentsandbedonewithit?\'ButthepresidingdemonswhohadbeenExaminersinthebodilylifedrovethemremorselesstotheirtoils。

  \"AmongthecondemnedIcouldnotbutwitness,withsympathy,thepunishmentreservedfortranslators。ThetranslatorsofVirgil,inparticular,wereavastandmotleyassemblageofmostrespectablemen。Bishopswerethere,fromGawainDouglasdownwards;Judges,intheirermine;professors,clergymen,civilservants,writhinginallthetorturesthattheblankverse,theanapaesticmeasure,themetreofthe\"LayoftheLastMinstrel,\"theheroiccoupletandsimilardevicescaninflict。ForallthesemenhadlovedVirgil,thoughnotwisely:andnowtheirpenancewastoheareachotherreadtheirowntranslations。\"

  \"Thatmusthavebeenmorethantheycouldbear,\"saidLadyViolet\"Yes,\"saidMr。Witham;\"Ishouldknow,fordownIfellintoTartaruswithacrash,andwrithedamongtheTranslators。\"

  \"Why?\"askedLadyViolet。

  \"BecauseIhavetranslatedTheocritus!\"

  \"Mr。Witham,\"saidLadyViolet,\"didyoumeetyouridealwomanwhenyouwereintheParadiseofPoets?\"

  \"Sheyetwalksthisearth,\"saidthebard,withatoosignificantbow。

  LadyVioletturnedcoldlyaway。

  ***

  Mr。WithamwasneverinvitedtotheBluesagain——thenameofLordAzure\'splaceinKent。

  ThePoetisshutoutofParadise。

  CHAPTERXII:PARISANDHELEN

  Thefirstnameinromance,themostancientandthemostenduring,isthatofArgiveHelen。Duringthreethousandyearsfairwomenhavebeenborn,havelived,andbeenloved,\"thattheremightbeasongintheearsofmenoflatertime,\"but,comparedtotherenownofHelen,theirgloryisdim。Cleopatra,whoheldtheworld\'sfateinherhands,andlayinthearmsofCaesar;MaryStuartMariaVerticordia,forwhosesake,asanorthernnovelisttells,peasantshavelainawake,sorrowingthatsheisdead;AgnesSorel,FairRosamond,labelleStuart,\"thePompadourandtheParabere,\"

  canstillenchantusfromthepageofhistoryandchronicle。\"Zeusgavethembeauty,whichnaturallyrulesevenstrengthitself,\"toquotetheGreekoratoronthemistressofthemall,onherwho,havingneverlived,canneverdie,theDaughteroftheSwan。

  WhileHelenenjoysthisimmortality,andistheidealofbeautyuponearth,itiscurioustoreflectonthemoderniteofherstory,theoldestofthelovestoriesoftheworld。InHomerwefirstmeether,thefairestofwomeninthesongofthegreatestofpoets。ItmightalmostseemasifHomermeanttojustify,byhisdealingwithHelen,someofthemostrecenttheoriesofliteraryart。Inthe\"Iliad\"and\"Odyssey\"thetaleofHeleniswithoutabeginningandwithoutanend,likeafriezeonaGreektemple。Shecrossesthestageasafigurefamiliartoall,thepoet\'saudienceclearlydidnotneedtobetoldwhoHelenwas,noranythingaboutheryouth。

  ThefamousjudgmentofParis,thebeginningofeviltoAchaeansandIlianmen,isonlymentionedoncebyHomer,late,andinapassageofdoubtfulauthenticity。Ofherreconciliationtoherweddedlord,Menelaus,notawordissaid;ofherendwearetoldnomorethanthatforherandhimamansioninElysiumisprepared-

  \"Wherefallsnothail,orrain,oranysnow。\"

  WeleaveherhappyinArgos,asmileonherlips,agiftinherhands,aswemetherinTroy,beautiful,adoreddespiteherguilt,assweetinherrepentanceasinherunvexedArgivehome。Womenseldommentionher,intheepic,butwithhorrorandanger;menneveraddressherbutingentlecourtesy。Whatishersecret?HowdidsheleaveherhomewithParis——beguiledbylove,bymagic,ordrivenbytheimplacableAphrodite?Homerissilentonallofthesethings;thesethings,doubtless,wereknownbyhisaudience。

  InhispoemHelenmovesasathingofsimplegrace,courtesy,andkindness,savewhensherebelsagainstherdoom,afterseeingherloverflyfromherhusband\'sspear。HadweonlyHomer,byfarourearliestliterarysource,weshouldknowlittleoftheromanceofHelen;shouldonlyknowthatalawlesslovebroughtruinonTroyandsorrowontheAchaeans;andthisisthrownout,withnomoralcomment,withoutpraiseorblame。Theend,welearn,waspeace,andbeautywasreconciledtolife。Thereisnoexplanation,nodenouement;andweknowhowmuchdenouementandexplanationshamperedScottandShakespeare。FromthesetrammelsHomerisfree,asagodisfreefrommortallimitations。

  Allthismanneroftellingatale——amannersoancient,sooriginal——isakin,inpractice,torecenttheoriesofwhatartshouldbe,andwhatartseldomis,perhapsneveris,inmodernhands。

  Modernenough,again,isthechoiceofamarriedwomanfortheheroineoftheearliestlovetale。ApolloniusRhodiussingsandnomanhaseversungsowellofamaiden\'slove;Virgil,ofawidow\'s;Homer,oflovethathasdefiedlaw,blindlyobedienttodestiny,whichdominatesevenZeus。Onceagain,Helenisnotaveryyounggirl;ungallantchronologistshaveattributedtoherI

  knownotwhatage。WethinkofherasabouttheageoftheVenusofMilo;intruth,shewas\"agelessandimmortal。\"Homerneverdescribesherbeauty;weonlyseeitreflectedintheeyesoftheoldmen,whiteandweak,thin-voicedascicalas:buthersisaloveliness\"toturnanoldmanyoung。\"\"Itisnomarvel,\"theysay,\"thatforhersakeTrojansandAchaeansslayeachother。\"

  Shewasembroideringatavastweb,workingingoldandscarletthesorrowsthatforhersakebefellmankind,whentheycalledhertothewallstoseeParisfightMenelaus,inthelastyearofthewar。

  Thereshestands,inraimentofsilverywhite,herheartyearningforheroldloveandherowncity。AlreadyherthoughtisfarfromParis。WasherhearteverwithParis?Thatishersecret。Averyoldlegend,mentionedbytheBishopofThessalonica,Eustathius,tellsusthatParismagicallybeguiledher,disguisedintheformofMenelaus,herlord,asUtherbeguiledYgerne。SheseesthesonofPriamplaythedastardinthefight;sheturnsinwrathonAphrodite,whowouldlureherbacktohisarms;buttohisarmsshemustgo,\"forthedaughterofZeuswasafraid。\"Violenceisputuponbeauty;itissoiled,orseemssoiled,initswaythroughtheworld。HelenurgesParisagainintothewar。Hehasaheartinvinciblylightandgay;shamedoesnotweighonhim。\"Noteverymanisvalianteveryday,\"hesays;yetonceengagedinbattle,hebearshimbravely,andhisarrowsraindeathamongthemail-cladAchaeans。

  WhatHomerthinksofPariswecanonlyguess。HisbeautyisthebaneofIlios;butHomerforgivessomuchtobeauty。Intheendofthe\"Iliad,\"HelensingstheimmortaldirgeoverHector,thestainlessknight,\"withthylovingkindnessandthygentlespeech。\"

  Inthe\"Odyssey,\"sheisathomeagain,playingthegraciouspartofhostesstoOdysseus\'swanderingson,pouringintothebowlthemagicherbofEgypt,\"whichbringsforgetfulnessofsorrow。\"ThewanderingsonofOdysseusdepartswithagiftforhisbride,\"towearuponthedayofherdesire,amemorialofthehandsofHelen,\"

  thebeautifulhands,thatinTroyorArgoswereneveridle。

  OfHelen,fromHomer,weknownomore。Grace,penitenceinexile,peaceathome,thesearetheportionofherwhosetEastandWestatwarandruinedthecityofPriamoftheashenspear。AsinthestrangelegendpreservedbyServius,thecommentatoronVirgil,whotellsusthatHelenworeared\"star-stone,\"whencefellgoutsofbloodthatvanishederetheytouchedherswan\'s

  Theseuscarriedheroff;herbrothersrescuedher。AlltheprincesofAchaeacompetedforherhand,havingfirsttakenanoathtoavengewhomsoevershemightchooseforherhusband。Thechoicefellonthecorrectandhonourable,butratherinconspicuous,Menelaus,andtheydweltinSparta,besidetheEurotas,\"inahollowoftheriftedhills。\"Then,fromacrossthesea,camethebeautifulandfatalParis,sonofPriam,KingofTroy。Asachild,Parishadbeenexposedonthemountains,becausehismotherdreamedthatshebroughtforthafirebrand。Hewasrescuedandfosteredbyashepherd;hetendedtheflocks;helovedthedaughterofarivergod,OEnone。ThencamethenakedGoddesses,toseekatthehandofthemostbeautifulofmortalstheprizeofbeauty。Aphroditewonthegoldenapplefromthequeenofheaven,Hera,andfromtheGoddessofwarandwisdom,Athena,bribingthejudgebythepromiseofthefairestwifeintheworld。Noincidentismorefrequentlycelebratedinpoetryandart,towhichitlendssuchgraciousopportunities。PariswaslaterrecognisedasoftheroyalbloodofTroy。HecametoLacedaemononanembassy,hesawHelen,anddestinyhaditsway。

  Concerningthedetailsinthismostancientlove-story,welearnnothingfromHomer,whomerelymakesParisremindHelenoftheirbridalnightintheisleofCranae。ButfromHomerwelearnthatPariscarriedoffnotonlythewifeofMenelaus,butmanyofhistreasures。Tothepoetofthe\"Iliad,\"thepsychologyofthewooingwouldhaveseemedasimplematter。Likethelatervase-

  painters,hewouldhaveshownusParisbesideHelen,Aphroditestandingnear,accompaniedbythefigureofPeitho——Persuasion。

  HomeralwaysescapesourpsychologicalproblemsbythrowingtheweightofourdeedsandmisdeedsonaGodoraGoddess,orondestiny。Tohavefledfromherlordandheronechild,Hermione,wasnotinkeepingwiththecharacterofHelenasHomerdrawsit。

  HerrepentanceisalmostChristianinitsexpression,andrepentanceindicatesaconsciousnessofsinandofshame,whichHelenfrequentlyprofesses。Thusshe,atleast,doesnot,likeHomer,inhischivalrousway,throwalltheblameontheImmortalsandondestiny。ThecheerfulacquiescenceofHelenindestinymakespartofthecomicelementinLaBelleHelene,butthemirthonlyarisesoutoftheincongruitybetweenParisianideasandthoseofancientGreece。

  Helenisfreelyandbitterlyblamedinthe\"Odyssey\"byPenelope,chieflybecauseoftheruinousconsequenceswhichfollowedherflight。Still,thereisonepassage,whenPenelopeprudentlyhesitatesaboutrecognisingherreturnedlord,whichmakesitjustpossiblethatalegendchronicledbyEustathiuswasknowntoHomer,——namely,thetalealreadymentioned,thatParisbeguiledherintheshapeofMenelaus。Theincidentisveryold,asinthestoryofZeusandAmphitryon,andmightbeusedwheneveralady\'scharacterneededtobesaved。Butthisanecdote,onthewhole,isinconsistentwiththerepentanceofHelen,andisnotinHomer\'smanner。

  Theearlylyricpoet,Stesichorus,issaidtohavewrittenharshlyagainstHelen。Shepunishedhimbyblindness,andheinditedapalinode,explainingthatitwasnotshewhowenttoTroy,butawomanfashionedinherlikeness,byZeus,outofmistandlight。

  TherealHelenremainedsafelyandwithhonourinEgypt。Euripideshasmadethisidea,whichwascalculatedtopleasehim,thegroundworkofhis\"Helena,\"butitneverhadastrongholdontheGreekimagination。Modernfancyispleasedbythepictureofthecloud-brideinTroy,GreeksandTrojansdyingforaphantasm。

  \"Shadowsweare,andshadowswepursue。\"

  Concerningthelaterfeats,andthedeathofParis,Homersaysverylittle。HeslewAchillesbyanarrow-shotintheScaeangate,andprophecywasfulfilled。Hehimselffellbyanothershaft,perhapsthepoisonedshaftofPhiloctetes。Inthefourthorfifthcenturyofoureraalatepoet,QuintusSmyrnaeus,describedParis\'sjourney,inquestofahealingspell,totheforsakenOEnone,andherrefusaltoaidhim;herdeathonhisfuneralpyre。Quintusisapoetofextraordinarymeritforhisage,andscarcelydeservesthereproachoflazinessaffixedonhimbyLordTennyson。

  Onthewhole,Homerseemstohaveakindofhalf-contemptuouslikingforthebeautifulParis。Laterartrepresentshimasabowmanofgirlishcharms,wearingaPhrygiancap。Thereisalatelegendthathehadason,Corythus,byOEnone,andthathekilledtheladinamomentofjealousy,findinghimwithHelenandfailingtorecognisehim。OnthedeathofParis,perhapsbyvirtueofthecustomoftheLevirate,Helenbecamethewifeofhisbrother,Deiphobus。

  HowherreconciliationwithMenelauswasbroughtaboutwedonotlearnfromHomer,who,inthe\"Odyssey,\"acceptsitasafact。Theearliesttraditionalhintonthesubjectisgivenbythefamous\"CofferofCypselus,\"aworkoftheseventhcentury,B。C。,whichPausaniassawatOlympia,inA。D。174。Here,onabandofivory,wasrepresented,amongotherscenesfromthetaleofTroy,Menelausrushing,swordinhand,toslayHelen。AccordingtoStesichorus,thearmywasabouttostoneherafterthefallofIlios,butrelented,amazedbyherbeauty。

  OfherlaterlifeinLacedaemon,nothingisknownonreallyancientauthority,andlatertraditionsvary。TheSpartansshowedhersepulchreandhershrineatTherapnae,whereshewasworshipped。

  HerodotustellsushowHelen,asaGoddess,appearedinhertempleandhealedadeformedchild,makingherthefairestwomaninSparta,inthereignofAriston。Itmay,perhaps,beconjecturedthatinSparta,HelenoccupiedtheplaceofalocalAphrodite。InanotherlatestoryshedwellsintheisleofLeuke,ashadowybrideoftheshadowyAchilles。ThemockingLucian,inhisVeraHistoria,meetsHelenintheFortunateIslands,whencesheelopeswithoneofhiscompanions。Again,thesonsofMenelaus,byaconcubine,weresaidtohavedrivenHelenfromSpartaonthedeathofherlord,andshewasmurderedinRhodes,bythevengeanceofPolyxo,whosehusbandfellatTroy。But,amongalltheseinventions,thatofHomerstandsoutpre-eminent。HelenandMenelausdonotdie,theyaretoonearakintoZeus;theydwellimmortal,notamongtheshadowsofheroesandoffamousladiesdeadandgone,butinElysium,theparadiseattheworld\'send,unvisitedbystorms。

  \"Beyondthesevoicesthereispeace。\"

  Itisplainthat,asalove-story,thetaleofParisandHelenmusttomodernreadersseemmeagre。ToGreece,ineveryage,themaininterestlaynotinthepassionofthebeautifulpair,butinitsworld-wideconsequences:theclashofEuropeandAsia,thedeathsofkings,theruinwroughtintheirhomes,theconsequentfallofthegreatandancientAchaeancivilisation。TotheGreeks,theTrojanwarwaswhattheCrusadesareinlaterhistory。AsintheCrusades,theWestassailedtheEastforanideal,nottorecovertheHolySepulchreofourreligion,buttowinbackthelivingtypeofbeautyandofcharm。Perhaps,erethesungrowscold,menwillnomorebelieveintheCrusades,asanhistoricalfact,thanwedointhesiegeofTroy。Inasense,averyobvioussense,themythofHelenisaparableofHellenichistory。Theysoughtbeauty,andtheyfoundit;theyboreithome,and,withbeauty,theirbane。

  WhereverHelenwent\"shebroughtcalamity,\"inthisatypeofallthefamousandpeerlessladiesofolddays,ofCleopatraandofMaryStuart。RomanceandpoetryhavenothinglessplausiblethanthepartwhichCleopatraactuallyplayedinthehistoryoftheworld,aworldwelllostbyMarkAntonyforhersake。TheflightfromActiummightseemasmuchamerepoet\'sdreamasthegatheringoftheAchaeansatAulis,ifwewerenotcertainthatitistrulychronicled。

  Fromtheearliesttimes,evenfromtimesbeforeHomerwhoseaudienceissupposedtoknowallaboutHelen,theimaginationofGreece,andlater,theimaginationofthecivilisedworld,hasplayedaroundHelen,devisingaboutherallthatpossiblycouldbedevised。ShewasthedaughterofZeusbyNemesis,orbyLeda;orthedaughteroftheswan,orachildofthechangefulmoon,broodingon\"theformlessandmulti-formwaters。\"Shecouldspeakinthevoicesofallwomen,henceshewasnamed\"Echo,\"andwemightfancythat,likethewitchoftheBrocken,shecouldappeartoeverymaninthelikenessofhisownfirstlove。TheancientEgyptianseitherknewher,orinventedlegendsofhertoamusetheinquiringGreeks。ShehadtouchedatSidon,andperhapsAstarothisonlyherSidonianname。Whatevercouldbetoldofbeauty,initscharm,itsperils,thedangerswithwhichitsurroundsitslovers,thepuritywhichitretains,unsmirchedbyallthesinsthataredoneforbeauty\'ssake,couldbetoldofHelen。

  Likeagoldencup,asM。PauldeSt。Victorsays,shewascarriedfromlipstolipsofheroes,butthegoldremainsunsulliedandunalloyed。Toheavenshereturnsagain,toheavenwhichisherown,andlooksdownserenelyonmenslain,andwomenwidowed,andsinkingships,andburningtowns。Yetwithdeathshegivesimmortalitybyherkiss,andParisandMenelauslive,becausetheyhavetouchedthelipsofHelen。ThroughthegraceofHelen,forwhomhefell,Sarpedon\'smemoryendures,andAchillesandMemnon,thesonoftheMorning,andTroyismoreimperishablethanCarthage,orRome,orCorinth,thoughHelen\"BurntthetoplesstowersofIlium。\"

  Inonebriefpassage,MarlowedidmorethanallpoetssinceStesichorus,or,atleastsincetheepithalamiumofTheocritus,forthegloryofHelen。Romanpoetsknewherbestasanenemyoftheirfabulousancestors,andinthe\"AEneid,\"Virgil\'sherodrawshisswordtoslayher。ThroughtheMiddleAges,intheromancesofTroy,shewandersasashiningshadowoftheideallyfair,likeGuinevere,whosooftenrecallsherintheArthurianromances。ThechivalrousmediaevalpoetsandtheCeltscouldunderstandbetterthantheRomansthephilosophyof\"theworldwelllost\"forlove。

  Modernpoetry,eveninGoethe\'s\"SecondpartofFaust,\"hasnotbeenveryfortunatelyinspiredbyHelen,exceptinthefewlineswhichshespeaksin\"TheDreamofFairWomen。\"

  \"Ihadgreatbeauty;askthounotmyname。\"

  Mr。WilliamMorris\'sHelen,inthe\"EarthlyParadise,\"charmsatthetimeofreading,but,perhaps,leaveslittleabidingmemory。

  TheHelenof\"TroilusandCressida\"isnotoneofShakespeare\'simmortalwomen,andMr。Rossetti\'sballadisfantasticandsomewhatfalseintone——aromanticpastiche。WhereEuripidestwicefailed,inthe\"Troades\"andthe\"Helena,\"itcanbegiventofewtosucceed。Helenisbestlefttoherearliestknownminstrel,forwhocanrecapturethegrace,thetenderness,themelancholy,andthecharmofthedaughterofZeusinthe\"Odyssey\"and\"Iliad\"?

  ThesightlesseyesofHomersawherclearest,andHelenwasbestunderstoodbythewisdomofhisunquestioningsimplicity。

  Asiftoprovehowentirely,thoughsomanyhandspalteredwithherlegend,HelenisHomer\'salone,thereremainsnogreatortypicalworkofGreekartwhichrepresentsherbeauty,andthebreastsfromwhichweremodelledcupsofgoldfortheserviceofthegods。Wehaveonlypaintingsonvases,orworkongems,which,thoughgraceful,isconventionalandmightrepresentanyotherheroine,Polyxena,orEriphyle。NoHelenfromthehandsofPhidiasorScopashassurvivedtoourtime,andthegrassmaybegrowinginTherapnaeovertheshatteredremainsofheronlystatue。

  AsStesichorusfabledthatonlyaneidolonofHelenwenttoTroy,so,exceptinthe\"Iliad\"and\"Odyssey,\"wemeetbutshadowsofherloveliness,phantasmswovenoutofclouds,andthelightofsettingsuns。

  CHAPTERXIII:ENCHANTEDCIGARETTES

  Todreamoverliteraryprojects,Balzacsays,islike\"smokingenchantedcigarettes,\"butwhenwetrytotackleourprojects,tomakethemreal,theenchantmentdisappears。Wehavetotillthesoil,tosowtheseed,togathertheleaves,andthenthecigarettesmustbemanufactured,whiletheremaybenomarketforthemafterall。Probablymostpeoplehaveenjoyedthefragranceoftheseenchantedcigarettes,andhavebroodedovermuchwhichtheywillneverputonpaper。Herearesomeof\"theashesoftheweedsofmydelight\"——memoriesofromanceswhereofnosinglelineiswritten,orislikelytobewritten。

  OfmyearliestnovelIrememberbutlittle。Iknowtherehadbeenawreck,andthatthevillain,whowasbelievedtobedrowned,camehomeandmadehimselfdisagreeable。Iknowthattheheroine\'smouthwasNOT\"toolargeforregularbeauty。\"Inthatrespectshewasoriginal。Allheroinesare\"muckle-mou\'d,\"Iknownotwhy。Itisexpectedofthem。Iknowshewasmelancholyandmerry;itwouldnotsurprisemetolearnthatshedrownedherselffromacanoe。

  Butthevillainneverdescendedtocrime,thefirstloverwouldnotfallinlove,theheroine\'sownaffectionswereprovokinglydisengaged,andthewholeaffaircametoadeadstopforwantofaplot。Perhaps,consideringmoderncanonsoffiction,thismighthavebeenaverysuccessfulnovel。Itwasentirelydevoidofincidentorinterest,and,consequently,wasagooddeallikereallife,asreallifeappearstomanycultivatedauthors。Ontheotherhand,allthecharacterswereflippant。Thiswouldneverhavedone,andIdonotregretnovelNo。I。,whichhadnotevenaname。

  Thesecondstoryhadaplot,quantitiesofplot,nothingbutplot。

  Itwastohavebeenwrittenincollaborationwithaverygreatnovelist,who,asfaraswewent,confinedhimselftomakingobjections。Thisnovelwasstoppednotthatmyfriendwouldeverhavegoneonby\"CalledBack,\"whichanticipatedpartoftheidea。

  Thestorywasentitled\"WhereisRose?\"andthemottowas-

  \"RosaquolocorumSeramoratur。\"

  Thecharacterswere——1Rose,ayoungladyofquality。2TheRussianPrincess,herfriendneedIaddthat,tomeetapublicdemand,HERnamewasVera?。3YoungmanengagedtoRose。4

  Charles,hisfriend。5Anenterprisingpersonnamed\"TheWhiteleyofCrime,\"theuniversalProviderofIniquity。Infact,heanticipatedSirArthurDoyle\'sProfessorMoriarty。Therestweredetectives,oldladies,mob,andawealthyyoungColoniallarrikin。NeithermyfriendnorIwasfondofdescribinglovescenes,sowemadetheheroinedisappearinthesecondchapter,andsheneverturnedupagaintillchapterthelast。Afterplayinginacomedyatthehouseofanearl,RosaandVeraenteredherbrougham。Soonafterwardsthebroughamdrewup,EMPTY,atRose\'sowndoor。WhereWASRose?Tracesofherwerefound,ofallplaces,intheHauntedHouseinBerkeleySquare,whichisnothauntedanylonger。AfterthatRosewaslongsoughtinvain。

  This,briefly,iswhathadoccurred。ARussiandetective\"wanted\"

  Vera,who,tobesure,wasaNihilist。TocatchVerahemadeanalliancewith\"TheWhiteleyofCrime。\"Hewasamanwhowoulddestroyaparishregister,orforgeawill,orcrackacrib,orbreakupaPro-Boermeeting,orburnahouse,orkidnaparightfulheir,ormanageapersonation,orissueamateurbank-notes,orwhatyouplease。Thinkingtokilltwobirdswithonestone,hecarriedoffRoseforherdiamondsandVeraforhisfriend,theMuscovitepoliceofficial,lodgingthembothintheHauntedHouse。ButthereheandtheRussiancametoblows,and,intheconfusion,Veramadeherescape,whileRosewasconveyed,ASVERA,toSiberia。Notknowinghowtodisposeofher,theRussianpoliceconsignedhertoanunneryatthemouthoftheObi。Herlover,inayacht,foundherhiding-place,andgotafriendlynuntogivehersomenarcoticknowntotheSamoyeds。ItwastheoldtrucoftheFriarin\"RomeoandJuliet。\"AtthemouthoftheObitheydonotburythedead,butlaythemdownonplatformsintheopenair。Rosewaspickeduptherebyherloveraccompaniedbyachaperon,ofcourse,wasgotonboardthesteamyacht,andallwentwell。Iforgetwhathappenedto\"TheWhiteleyofCrime。\"AfterhimIstillratherhanker——hewasahumorousruffian。Somethingcouldbemadeof\"TheWhiteleyofCrime。\"SomethingHASbeenmade,bytheauthorof\"SherlockHolmes。\"

  Inyetanotherromance,agentlemantakeshisfriend,inacountryplace,toseehisbetrothed。Thefriend,whohadonlycomeintotheneighbourhoodthatday,isfounddead,nextmorning,hangingtoatree。Gipsiesandothersaresuspected。Buttheloverwasthemurderer。Hehadbeenapriest,inSouthAmerica,andtheladywasaCatholicwhoknewnotofhisOrders。Nowthefriendfellinlovewiththeladyatfirstsight,onbeingintroducedtoherbythelover。Asthetwomenwalkedhome,thefriendthreatenedtorevealthelover\'ssecret——histonsure——whichwouldbefataltohishopes。Theyquarrelled,parted,andtheex-priestlassoedhisfriend。Themotive,Ithink,isanoriginalone,andnotlikelytooccurtothefirstcomer。Theinventorisopentooffers。

  Thenextnovel,basedonadream,wascalled\"InSearchofQrart。\"

  WhatisQrart?IdeclinetodivulgethissecretbeyondsayingthatQrartwasaproductofthecivilisationwhichnowsleepsunderthesnowsofthepole。Itwasanarticleoftheutmostvaluetohumanity。FartherIdonotintendtocommitmyself。TheBrideofaGodwasoneofthecharacters。

  Thenextnovelis,atpresent,myfavouritecigarette。ThesceneispartlyinGreece,partlyattheParthianCourt,about80-60B。C。

  Crassusisthevillain。TheheroinewasanactressinoneofthewanderingGreekcompanies,splendidstrollers,whoplayedattheIndianandAsiaticCourts。Thestoryendswiththerepresentationofthe\"Bacchae,\"inParthia。TheheadofPentheusiscarriedbyoneoftheBacchaeinthatdrama。Behold,itisnotamask,butTHEHEADOFCRASSUS,andthusconveysthefirstnewsoftheRomandefeat。Obviously,thisisanovelthatneedsagreatdealofpreliminarystudy,asmuch,indeed,as\"Salammbo。\"

  AnotherstorywilldealwiththeIcelandicdiscoverersofAmerica。

  Mr。Kipling,however,hastakenthewindoutofitssailswithhissketch,\"TheFinestStoryintheWorld。\"ThereareallthemarvelsandportentsoftheEyrbyggjaSagatodrawupon,thereareSkraelingstofight,andwhyshouldnotKarlsefni\'ssonkillthelastmastodon,and,asQuetzalcoatl,bethewhite-beardedgodoftheAztecs?AfterthataromanceontheintriguestomakeCharlesEdwardKingofPolandsoundscommonplace。Butmuchmightbemadeofthat,too,iftherightmantookitinhand。Believeme,thereareplentyofstoriesleft,waitingforthemanwhocantellthem。

  Ihavesaiditbefore,butIsayitagain,ifIwerekingIwouldkeepcourtofficials,Mr。StanleyWeyman,Mr。Mason,Mr。Kipling,andothers,totellmemyownstories。IknowthekindofthingwhichIlike,fromthediscoveryofQrarttothatoftheFrenchgoldintheburnatLochArkaig,orin\"thewoodbythelochside\"

  thatMurrayofBroughtonmentions。

  AnothercigaretteIhave,theadventuresofaPoet,aPoetborninaPuritanvillageofMassachusettsabout1670。Hawthornecouldhavetoldmemystory,andhowmyfriendwasdrivenintothewildernessandlivedamongtheRedMen。IthinkhewaskilledinanattempttowarnhiscountrymenofanIndianraid;IthinkhisMS。poemshaveabullet-holethroughthem,andbloodontheleaves。

  TheywereinCarew\'sbestmanner,thesepoems。

  AnothertaleHawthornemighthavetoldme,thetaleofanexcellentman,whoseveryvirtues,bysomebanefulmoralchemistry,corruptandruinthepeoplewithwhomhecomesincontact。Idonotmeanbygoadingthemintotheoppositeextremes,butrathersomethinglikeamoraljettatura。Thisneedsagreatdealofsubtlety,andwhatistobecomeofthehero?Ishetoplungeintovicetilleverybodyisvirtuousagain?Itwantsworkingout。Ihaveomitted,afterall,aschoolboyhistoricalromance,explainingWHY

  QUEENELIZABETHWASNEVERMARRIED。AScottishpaperofferedaprizeforastoryofQueenMaryStuart\'sreign。Ididnotgettheprize——perhapsdidnotdeserveit,butmystoryranthus:YoumustknowthatQueenElizabethwassingularlylikeDarnleyinpersonalappearance。Whatsonaturalasthat,disguisedasapage,herMajestyshouldcomespyingabouttheCourtofHolyrood?DarnleyseesherwalkingoutofQueenMary\'sroom,hethinksheranhallucination,discoversthatsheisreal,challengesher,andtheyfightatFaldonside,bytheTweed,ShakespeareholdingElizabeth\'shorse。Elizabethiswounded,andiscarriedtotheKirkofField,andlaidinDarnley\'schamber,whileDarnleygoesoutandmakeslovetomyruralheroine,theladyofFernilee,aKerr。ThatnightBothwellblowsuptheKirkofField,Elizabethandall。Darnleyhasonlyoneresource。Borrowingtheridinghabitoftheruralheroine,theladyofFernilee,hefleesacrosstheBorder,and,fortherestofhislife,personatesQueenElizabeth。ThatiswhyElizabeth,whowasDarnley,hatedMarysobitterlyonaccountoftheKirkofFieldaffair,andTHATISWHYQUEENELIZABETHWAS

  NEVERMARRIED。Side-lightsonShakespeare\'sSonnetswereobviouslycast。TheyoungmanwhomShakespeareadmiredso,andurgedtomarry,was——Darnley。ThisromancedidnotgettheprizetheanachronismaboutShakespeareisworthyofScott,butIamconceitedenoughtothinkitdeservedanhonourablemention。

  Enoughofmyowncigarettes。Butthereareothersofamorefragrantweed。WhowillendformethenovelofwhichByrononlywroteachapter;who,asBulwerLyttonisdead?Afineropening,onemoremysteriouslystirring,youcannowhereread。Andthenovelinletters,whichScottbeganin1819,whoshallfinishit,ortelluswhathedidwithhisfairVenetiancourtezan,acharactersomuchoutofSirWalter\'sway?Hetosseditaside——itwasbutanenchantedcigarette——andgaveus\"TheFortunesofNigel\"

  initsplace。Iwantboth。Wecannotcallupthosewho\"lefthalftold\"thesestories。Inahappierworldweshalllistentotheirendings,andallourdreamsshallbecoherentandconcluded。

  Meanwhile,withouttrouble,andexpense,anddisappointment,andreviews,wecanallsmokeourcigarettesoffairyland。Wouldthatmanypeoplewerecontenttosmokethempeacefully,anddidnotrushonpen,paper,andink!

  CHAPTERXIV:STORIESANDSTORY-TELLING

  FromSTRATHNAVER

  Wehavehadadroughtforthreeweeks。DuringawholeweekthisnorthernstrathhasbeenassunnyastheRivieraisexpectedtobe。

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