第9章
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  Solikeawallattheworld’sedgeitstood,Withnaughtbeyondtolivefor,——isthatreached?——

  Alreadyarenewundream’denergiesOutgrowingunder,andextendingfartherToanewobject;——there’sanotherworld!”

  ThedyingJohnin`ADeathintheDesert’,ismadetosay:——”Isaythatmanwasmadetogrow,notstop;

  Thathelpheneededonce,andneedsnomore,Havinggrownupbutaninchby,iswithdrawn:

  Forhehathnewneeds,andnewhelpstothese。

  Thisimportssolely,manshouldmountoneachNewheightinview;thehelpwherebyhemounts,Theladder-runghisfoothasleft,mayfall,SinceallthingssufferchangesaveGodtheTruth。

  ManapprehendshimnewlyateachstageWhereatearth’sladderdrops,itsservicedone;

  Andnothingshallprovetwicewhatoncewasproved。”

  Andagain:——”Manknowspartlybutconceivesbeside,Creepseveronfromfanciestothefact,Andinthisstriving,thisconvertingairIntoasolidhemaygraspanduse,Findsprogress,man’sdistinctivemarkalone,NotGod’s,andnotthebeasts’:Godis,theyare,Manpartlyisandwhollyhopestobe。

  SuchprogresscouldnomoreattendhissoulWereallitstrugglesafterfoundatfirstAndguesseschangedtoknowledgeabsolute,Thanmotionwaithisbody,wereallelseThanitthesolidearthoneveryside,Wherenowthroughspacehemovesfromresttorest。

  Man,therefore,thusconditioned,mustexpectHecouldnot,whatheknowsnow,knowatfirst;

  Whatheconsidersthatheknowsto-day,Comebutto-morrow,hewillfindmisknown;

  Gettingincreaseofknowledge,sincehelearnsBecausehelives,whichistobeaman,Settoinstructhimselfbyhispastself:

  First,likethebrute,obligedbyfactstolearn,Next,asmanmay,obligedbyhisownmind,Bent,habit,nature,knowledgeturnedtolaw。

  God’sgiftwasthatmanshouldconceiveoftruthAndyearntogainit,catchingatmistake,Asmidwayhelptillhereachfactindeed。

  ThestatuaryerehemouldashapeBoastsalikegift,theshape’sidea,andnextTheaspirationtoproducethesame;

  So,takingclay,hecallshisshapethereout,Criesever,`NowIhavethethingIsee’:

  Yetallthewhilegoeschangingwhatwaswrought,Fromfalsehoodlikethetruth,totruthitself。

  Howwereithadhecried,`Iseenoface,Nobreast,nofeeti’theineffectualclay’?

  Rathercommendhimthatheclappedhishands,Andlaughed,`Itismyshapeandlivesagain!’

  Enjoyedthefalsehoodtoucheditontotruth,UntilyourselvesapplaudthefleshindeedInwhatisstillflesh-imitatingclay。

  Rightinyou,rightinhim,suchwaybeman’s!

  Godonlymakestheliveshapeatajet。

  Willyerenouncethisfactofcreatureship?

  ThepatternontheMountsubsistsnomore,Seemedawhile,thenreturnedtonothingness,Butcopies,MosesstrovetomaketherebyServestillandarereplacedastimerequires:

  Bythesemakenewestvessels,reachthetype!

  Ifyedemur,thisjudgmentonyourhead,Nevertoreachtheultimate,angels’law,IndulgingeveryinstinctofthesoulTherewherelaw,life,joy,impulseareonething。”

  Browninghasgivenvariedandbeautifulexpressionstotheseideasthroughouthispoetry。

  Thesoulmustrestinnothingthissideoftheinfinite。

  Ifitdoesrestinanything,howeverrelativelynoblethatthingmaybe,whetherart,orliterature,orscience,ortheology,even,itdeclinesinvitality——ittorpifies。

  Howevergreataconquestthecombatantmayachieveinanyofthesearenas,”stridingawayfromthehugegratitude,hisclubshouldered,lion-fleeceroundloinandflank”,hemustbe”boundonthenextnewlabour,heighto’erheighteversurmounting——

  destiny’sdecree!”*

  Aristophanes’Apology’,p。31,Englished。”RejoicethatmanishurledFromchangetochangeunceasingly,Hissoul’swingsneverfurled!”*

  JamesLee’sWife’,sect。6。

  Butthistabernacle-life,whichshouldeverlookahead,hasitsclaimswhichmustnotbeignored,anditsstandardswhichmustnotbetoomuchabovepresentconditions。Manmust”fittothefinitehisinfinity”`Sordello’。Lifemaybeover-spiritualaswellasover-worldly。”Letuscry,`Allgoodthingsareours,norsoulhelpsfleshmore,now,thanfleshhelpssoul!’”*

  Thefigurethepoetemploysin`TheRingandtheBook’

  toillustratetheartprocess,maybeasaptlyappliedtolifeitself——

  thegreatestofallarts。Thelife-artistmustknowhowtosecuretheproperdegreeofmalleabilityinthismixtureoffleshandsoul。

  Hemustminglegoldwithgold’salloy,anddulytemperingbotheffectamanageablemass。Theremaybetoolittleofalloyinearth-lifeaswellastoomuch——toolittletoworkthegoldandfashionit,notintoaring,butring-ward。”Ontheearththebrokenarcs;

  intheheavenaperfectround”`AbtVogler’。”Oh,ifwedrawacirclepremature,heedlessoffargain,greedyforquickreturnsofprofit,sure,badisourbargain”`AGrammarian’sFuneral’——

  *`RabbiBenEzra’——

  `AnEpistlecontainingtheStrangeMedicalExperiencesofKarshish,theArabPhysician’,isoneofBrowning’smostremarkablepsychologicalstudies。Itmaybesaidtopolarizetheidea,sooftenpresentedinhispoetry,thatdoubtisaconditionofthevitalityoffaith。Inthispoem,thepoethastreatedasupposedcaseofaspiritualknowledge”increasedbeyondthefleshlyfaculty——heavenopenedtoasoulwhileyetonearth,earthforcedonasoul’susewhileseeingheaven”,aspiritualstate,lessdesirableandfarlessfavorabletothetruefulfilmentofthepurposesofearth-life,thanthatexpressedinthefollowinglinesfrom`EasterDay’:——”AworldofspiritasofsenseWasplaintohim,yetnotTOOplain,Whichhecouldtraverse,notremainAGUESTIN:——elsewerepermanentHeavenonearth,whichitsgleamsweremeantTostingwithhungerforfulllight”,etc。

  TheEpistleisasubtlerepresentationofasoulconceivedwithabsolutespiritualstandards,whileobligedtoliveinaworldwhereallstandardsarerelativeanddeterminedbythecircumstancesandlimitationsofitssituation。

  Thespirituallifehasbeentoodistinctlyrevealedforfulfillingarightthepurposesofearth-life,purposeswhichthesoul,whileintheflesh,mustnotignore,since,inthewordsofRabbiBenEzra,”allgoodthingsareours,norsoulhelpsfleshmore,now,thanfleshhelpssoul。”Thepoemmayalsobesaidtorepresentwhatis,orshouldbe,thetruespiritofthemanofscience。InspiteofwhatKarshishwrites,apologetically,hebetrayshisrealattitudethroughout,towardsthewonderfulspiritualprobleminvolved。

  Itis,asmanyofBrowning’sMonologuesare,adoublepicture——

  onedirect,theotherreflected,andthereflectedoneisasdistinctasthedirect。ThecompositionalsobearstestimonytoBrowning’sownsoul-healthfulness。Thoughthespiritualbearingofthingsistheall-in-all,inhispoetry,therobustnessofhisnature,thefulnessandsplendidequilibriumofhislife,protecthimagainstaninarticulatemysticism。Browningis,inthewidestanddeepestsenseoftheword,thehealthiestofalllivingpoets;

  andingeneralconstitutionthemostShakespearian。

  WhathemakesShakespearesay,intheMonologueentitled`AttheMermaid’,hecouldsay,withperhapsgreatertruth,inhisownperson,thanShakespearecouldhavesaidit:——”Haveyoufoundyourlifedistasteful?

  Mylifedidanddoessmacksweet。

  Wasyouryouthofpleasurewasteful?

  MineIsaveandholdcomplete。

  Doyourjoyswithagediminish?

  Whenminefailme,I’llcomplain。

  Mustindeathyourdaylightfinish?

  Mysunsetstoriseagain。

  Ifindearthnotgraybutrosy,Heavennotgrimbutfairofhue。

  DoIstoop?Ipluckaposy。

  DoIstandandstare?All’sblue。”

  ItisthespiritexpressedintheselineswhichhasmadehispoetrysoentirelyCONSTRUCTIVE。Withthedestructivespirithehasnoaffinities。Thepoetryofdespairandpoetswiththedumpshecannotawaywith。

  PerhapsthemostcomprehensivepassageinBrowning’spoetry,expressiveofhisidealofacompletemanundertheconditionsofearth-life,isfoundin`Colombe’sBirthday’,ActIV。

  ValencesaysofPrinceBerthold:——”Hegathersearth’sWHOLEGOODintohisarms,standing,asman,now,stately,strongandwise——marchingtofortune,notsurprisedbyher:

  onegreataim,likeaguidingstarabove——whichtasksstrength,wisdom,stateliness,tolifthismanhoodtotheheightthattakestheprize;aprizenotnear——lestoverlookingearth,herashlyspringtoseizeit——norremote,sothatherestsuponhispathcontent:butdaybyday,whileshimmeringgrowsshine,andthefaintcircletprophesiestheorb,heseessomuchas,justevolvingthese,thestateliness,thewisdom,andthestrengthtoduecompletion,willsufficethislife,andleadhimathisgrandesttothegrave。”

  Browningfullyrecognizes,touseanexpressioninhis`FraLippoLippi’,fullyrecognizes”thevalueandsignificanceofflesh。”Ahealthyandwell-tonedspirituallifeiswithhimthefurthestremovedfromasceticism。Tothepassagefromhis`RabbiBenEzra’alreadyquoted,”allgoodthingsareours,norsoulhelpsfleshmore,now,thanfleshhelpssoul”,shouldbeaddedwhatDavidsingstoSaul,inthepoementitled`Saul’。

  Wasthefullphysicallifeevermorebeautifullysung?”Oh!ourmanhood’sprimevigour!nospiritfeelswaste,Notamuscleisstoppedinitsplaying,norsinewunbraced。

  Oh,thewildjoysofliving!theleapingfromrockuptorock,Thestrongrendingofboughsfromthefir-tree,thecoolsilvershockOftheplungeinapool’slivingwater,thehuntofthebear,Andthesultrinessshowingthelioniscouchedinhislair。

  Andthemeal,therichdatesyellowedoverwithgolddustdivine,Andthelocust-fleshsteepedinthepitcher,thefulldraughtofwine,Andthesleepinthedriedriver-channelwherebulrushestellThatthewaterwaswonttogowarblingsosoftlyandwell。

  Howgoodisman’slife,themereliving!howfittoemployAlltheheartandthesoulandthesensesforeverinjoy!”

  Thoughthisissaidinthepersonofthebeautifulshepherd-boy,David,whoeverhaslivedanytimewithBrowning,throughhispoetry,mustbeassuredthatitisalsoanexpressionofthepoet’sownexperienceofthegloryofflesh。Hehashimselfbeenanexpressionofthefullestphysicallife:andnow,inhisfiveandseventiethyear,sincethe7thoflastMay,hepreservesbothmindandbodyinamagnificentvigor。

  Ifhissoulhadbeenlodgedinasickly,ricketybody,hecouldhardlyhavewrittentheselinesfrom`Saul’。Norcouldhehavewritten`CalibanuponSetebos’,especiallytheopeninglines:”Willsprawl,nowthattheheatofdayisbest,flatonhisbellyinthepit’smuchmire,withelbowswide,fistsclenchedtoprophischin。And,whilehekicksbothfeetinthecoolslush,andfeelsabouthisspinesmalleft-thingscourse,runinandouteacharm,andmakehimlaugh:andwhileabovehisheadapompion-plant,coatingthecave-topasabrowitseye,creepsdowntotouchandticklehairandbeard,andnowaflowerdropswithabeeinside,andnowafruittosnapat,catchandcrunch,——

  helooksouto’eryonseawhichsunbeamscrossandrecrosstilltheyweaveaspider-webmeshesoffire,somegreatfishbreaksattimes,andtalkstohisownself,howe’erheplease,touchingthatother,whomhisdamcalledGod。”

  There’sagrandpassagein`Balaustion’sAdventure:

  includingatranscriptfromEuripides’,descriptiveofHeraklesashereturns,afterhisconflictwithDeath,leadingbackAlkestis,whichshowsthepoet’ssympathywiththephysical。Thepassageismorevaluableasrevealingthatsympathy,fromthefactthatit’soneofhisadditionstoEuripides:——”therestoodthestrength,Happyasalways;somethinggrave,perhaps;

  Thegreatvein-cordageonthefret-workedbrow,Black-swollen,beadedyetwithbattle-dropsTheyellowhairo’thehero!——hisbigframeA-quiverwitheachmusclesinkingbackIntothesleepysmoothitleapedfromlate。

  Underthegreatguardofonearm,thereleantAshroudedsomething,liveandwoman-like,Proppedbytheheart-beats’neaththelion-coat。

  Whenhehadfinishedhissurvey,itseemed,Theheavingsoftheheartbegansubside,Thehelpingbreathreturned,andlastthesmileShoneout,allHerakleswasbackagain,Asthewordsfollowedthesalutinghand。”

  ItisnotsomuchthegloryoffleshwhichEuripidesrepresentsinHerakles,astheindulgenceofappetite,atatime,too,whenthatindulgenceismadetoappearthemoreculpableandgross。

  Thisideaof”thevalueandsignificanceofflesh”,itisimportanttonote,alongwiththepredominantspiritualbearingofBrowning’spoetry。Itarticulateseverywherethespiritual,sotospeak——makesithealthyandrobust,andprotectsitagainstvolatilityandfromrunningintomysticism。

  2。TheIdeaofPersonalityasembodiedinBrowning’sPoetry。

  AcardinalideainBrowning’spoetryistheregenerationofmenthroughapersonalitywhobringsfreshstuffforthemtomould,interpret,andproveright,——newfeelingfreshfromGod——

  whoselifere-teachesthemwhatlifeshouldbe,whatfaithis,loyaltyandsimpleness,alloncerevealed,buttaughtthemsolongsincethattheyhavebutmeretraditionofthefact,——

  truthcopiedfalteringlyfromcopiesfaint,theearlytraitsalldroppedaway。`Luria’。Theintellectplaysasecondarypart。

  Itsplaceisbehindtheinstinctive,spiritualantennaewhichconductalongtheirtremblinglines,freshstufffortheintellecttostampandkeep——freshinstinctforittotranslateintolaw。”Apeopleisbuttheattemptofmanytorisetothecompleterlifeofone。”`ASoul’sTragedy’。

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