Secondly，Isay，Thatwherevertheconductoftheagentappearstohavebeenentirelydirectedbymotivesandaffectionswhichwethoroughlyenterintoandapproveof，wecanhavenosortofsympathywiththeresentmentofthesufferer，howgreatsoeverthemischiefwhichmayhavebeendonetohim。Whentwopeoplequarrel，ifwetakepartwith，andentirelyadopttheresentmentofoneofthem，itisimpossiblethatweshouldenterintothatoftheother。Oursympathywiththepersonwhosemotiveswegoalongwith，andwhomthereforewelookuponasintheright，cannotbuthardenusagainstallfellow-feelingwiththeother，whomwenecessarilyregardasinthewrong。Whateverthislast，therefore，mayhavesuffered，whileitisnomorethanwhatweourselvesshouldhavewishedhimtosuffer，whileitisnomorethanwhatourownsympatheticindignationwouldhavepromptedustoinflictuponhim，itcannoteitherdispleaseorprovokeus。Whenaninhumanmurdererisbroughttothescaffold，thoughwehavesomecompassionforhismisery，wecanhavenosortoffellow-feelingwithhisresentment，ifheshouldbesoabsurdastoexpressanyagainsteitherhisprosecutororhisjudge。Thenaturaltendencyoftheirjustindignationagainstsovileacriminalisindeedthemostfatalandruinoustohim。Butitisimpossiblethatweshouldbedispleasedwiththetendencyofasentiment，which，whenwebringthecasehometoourselves，wefeelthatwecannotavoidadopting。

　　Recapitulationoftheforegoingchapters1。Wedonot，therefore，thoroughlyandheartilysympathizewiththegratitudeofonemantowardsanother，merelybecausethisotherhasbeenthecauseofhisgoodfortune，unlesshehasbeenthecauseofitfrommotiveswhichweentirelygoalongwith。Ourheartmustadopttheprinciplesoftheagent，andgoalongwithalltheaffectionswhichinfluencedhisconduct，beforeitcanentirelysympathizewith，andbeattimeto，thegratitudeofthepersonwhohasbeenbenefitedbyhisactions。Ifintheconductofthebenefactorthereappearstohavebeennopropriety，howbeneficialsoeveritseffects，itdoesnotseemtodemand，ornecessarilytorequire，anyproportionablerecompense。

　　Butwhentothebeneficenttendencyoftheactionisjoinedtheproprietyoftheaffectionfromwhichitproceeds，whenweentirelysympathizeandgoalongwiththemotivesoftheagent，thelovewhichweconceiveforhimuponhisownaccount，enhancesandenlivensourfellow-feelingwiththegratitudeofthosewhoowetheirprosperitytohisgoodconduct。Hisactionsseemthentodemand，and，ifImaysayso，tocallaloudforaproportionablerecompense。Wethenentirelyenterintothatgratitudewhichpromptstobestowit。Thebenefactorseemsthentobetheproperobjectofreward，whenwethusentirelysympathizewith，andapproveof，thatsentimentwhichpromptstorewardhim。Whenweapproveof，andgoalongwith，theaffectionfromwhichtheactionproceeds，wemustnecessarilyapproveoftheaction，andregardthepersontowardswhomitisdirected，asitsproperandsuitableobject。

　　Inthesamemanner，wecannotatallsympathizewiththeresentmentofonemanagainstanother，merelybecausethisotherhasbeenthecauseofhismisfortune，unlesshehasbeenthecauseofitfrommotiveswhichwecannotenterinto。Beforewecanadopttheresentmentofthesufferer，wemustdisapproveofthemotivesoftheagent，andfeelthatourheartrenouncesallsympathywiththeaffectionswhichinfluencedhisconduct。Ifthereappearstohavebeennoimproprietyinthese，howfatalsoeverthetendencyoftheactionwhichproceedsfromthemtothoseagainstwhomitisdirected，itdoesnotseemtodeserveanypunishment，ortobetheproperobjectofanyresentment。

　　Butwhentothehurtfulnessoftheactionisjoinedtheimproprietyoftheaffectionfromwhenceitproceeds，whenourheartrejectswithabhorrenceallfellow-feelingwiththemotivesoftheagent，wethenheartilyandentirelysympathizewiththeresentmentofthesufferer。Suchactionsseemthentodeserve，and，ifImaysayso，tocallaloudfor，aproportionablepunishment；andweentirelyenterinto，andtherebyapproveof，thatresentmentwhichpromptstoinflictit。Theoffendernecessarilyseemsthentobetheproperobjectofpunishment，whenwethusentirelysympathizewith，andtherebyapproveof，thatsentimentwhichpromptstopunish。Inthiscasetoo，whenweapprove，andgoalongwith，theaffectionfromwhichtheactionproceeds，wemustnecessarilyapproveoftheaction，andregardthepersonagainstwhomitisdirected，asitsproperandsuitableobject。

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