InPlutarch’sLives，wearetoldthatThemistoclessaidononeoccasion，“’TistruethatIhaveneverlearnedhowtotuneaharp，orplayuponalute，butIknowhowtoraiseasmallandinconsiderablecitytogloryandgreatness。“SomightitbesaidofHarlandandWolff。TheyhavegivenBelfastnotonlyapotencyforgood，butaworld-widereputation。Theirenergiesoverflow。
Mr。Harlandistheactiveandever-prudentChairmanofthemostimportantofthelocalboards，theHarbourTrustofBelfast，andexertshimselftopromotetheextensionoftheharbourfacilitiesoftheportasifthebenefitsweretobeexclusivelyhisown；
whileMr。WolffistheChairmanofoneofthelatestbornindustriesoftheplace，theBelfastRope-workCompany，whichalreadygivesemploymenttoover600persons。
Thislast-mentionedindustryisonlyaboutsixyearsold。Theworksoccupyoversevenacresofground，morethansixacresofwhichareunderroofing。AlthoughthewholeoftherawmaterialisimportedfromabroadfromRussia，thePhilippineIslands，NewZealand，andCentralAmerica——itisexportedagaininamanufacturedstatetoallpartsoftheworld。
Suchisthecontagionofexample，andsuchtheever-branchingindustrieswithwhichmenofenterpriseandindustrycanenrichandblesstheircountry。ThefollowingbriefmemoirofthecareerofMr。Harlandhasbeenfurnishedatmysolicitation；andIthinkthatitwillbefoundfullofinterestaswellasinstruction。
FootnotesforChapterX。
ReportintheCorkExaminer，5thJuly，1883。
In1883，ascomparedwith1882，therewasadecreaseof58，022acresinthelanddevotedtothegrowthofwheat；therewasatotaldecreaseof114，871acresinthelandundertillage——AgriculturalStatistics，Ireland，1883。ParliamentaryReturn，c。3768。
StatisticalAbstractfortheUnitedKingdom，1883。
Theparticularsarethese:depositsinIrishPostOfficeSavingsBanks，31stDecember，1882，1，925，440；tothecreditofdepositorsandGovernmentstock，125，000L。；together，2，050，440L。
Theincreaseofdepositsoverthosemadeintheprecedingyear，were:inDublin，31，321L。；inAntrim，23，328L。；inTyrone，21，315L。；inCork，17，034L。；andinDown，10，382L。
[TheonlythrivingmanufacturenowinDublinisthatofintoxicatingdrinks——beer，porter，stout，andwhisky。Brewinganddistillingdonotrequireskilledlabour，sothatstrikesdonotaffectthem。
[Times，11thJune，1883。
ThevaluationofthecountyofAberdeenexclusiveofthecitywasrecently866，816L。，whereasthevalueoftheherrings748，726barrelscaughtroundthecoastat25s。thebarrelwas935，907L。，therebyexceedingtheestimatedannualrentalofthecountyby69，091L。TheScotchfishermencatchoveramillionbarrelsofherringsannually，representingavalueofaboutamillionanda-halfsterling。
[ArecentnumberofLandandWatersuppliesthefollowinginformationastothefishingatKinsale:——“Thetakesoffishhavebeensoenormousandunprecedentedthatbuyerscanscarcelybefound，evenwhen，asnow，mackerelaresellingatoneshillingpersixscore。Pilesofmagnificentfishlierottinginthesun。
ThesidesofKinsaleHarbourarestrewnwiththem，andfrequently，whentheyhavebecomealittle’touched，’wholeboat-loadsarethrownoverboardintothewater。Thisgreatwasteistobeattributedtoscarcityofhandstosaltthefishandwantofpacking-boxes。Someoftheboatsaresaidtohavemadeasmuchas500L。thisseason。Thelocalfishingcompanyaremakingactivepreparationsfortheapproachingherringfishery，anditisanticipatedthatKinsalemaybecomeoneofthecentresofthisdescriptionoffishing。“
StatisticalJournalforMarch1848。PaperbyRichardValpyon“TheResourcesoftheIrishSeaFisheries，“pp。55-72。
HALL，RetrospectofaLongLife，ii。324。
TheCommissionersofIrishFisheries，inoneoftheirreports，observe:——“Notwithstandingthediminishedpopulation，thefishcapturedroundthecoastissoinadequatetothewantsofthepopulationthatfully150，000L。worthofling，cod，andherringareannuallyimportedfromNorway，Newfoundland，andScotland，thevesselsbearingthesecargoes，astheyapproachtheshoresofIreland，frequentlysailingthroughlargeshoalsoffishofthesamedescriptionastheyarefreightedwith！“
]ThefollowingexaminationofMr。J。Ennis，chairmanoftheMidlandandGreatWesternRailway，tookplacebeforethe“RoyalCommissiononRailways，“aslongagoastheyear1846:-
Chairman——“Isthefishtrafficofanyimportancetoyourrailway？“
Mr。Ennis——“ofcourseitis，andwegiveitallthefacilitiesthatwecan……ButtheGalwayfisheries，whereonewouldexpecttofindplentyoffish，aretotallyneglected。“
SirRowlandHill——“Whatisthereasonofthat？“
Mr。Ennis——“Iwillendeavourtoexplain。IhadoccasionafewnightsagotospeaktoagentlemanintheHouseofCommonswithregardtoanapplicationtotheFisheryBoardfor2000L。torestorethepieratBuffin，inClewBay，andIsaid，’Willyoujoinmeintheapplication？Iamtolditisaplacethatswarmswithfish，andifwehadapiertherethefishermenwillhavesomesecurity，andtheywillgoout。’TheonlyanswerIreceivedwas，’Theywillnotgoout；theypaynoattentionwhatevertothefisheries；theyallowthefishtocomeandgowithoutmakinganyefforttocatchthem……’“
Mr。Ayrton——“DoyouthinkthatifEnglishfishermenwenttothewestcoastofIrelandtheywouldbeabletogetoninharmonywiththenativefishermen？“
Mr。Ennis——“Weknowthefacttobe，thatsomeyearsago，acompanywasestablishedforthepurposeoftrawlinginGalwayBay，andwhatwastheconsequence？TheIrishfishermen，whoinhabitaregionintheneighbourhoodofGalway，calledCladdagh，turnedoutagainstthem，andwouldnotallowthemtotrawl，andtheEnglishmenveryproperlywentawaywiththeirlives。“
SirRowlandHill——“Thentheywillneitherfishthemselvesnorallowanyoneelsetofish！“
Mr。Ennis——“Itseemstobeso。“——MinutesofEvidence，175-6。
TheDerryJournal。
ReportofInspectorsofIrishFisheriesfor1882。
TheReportoftheInspectorsofIrishFisheriesontheSeaandInlandFisheriesofIrelandfor1882，givesalargeamountofinformationastothefishwhichswarmroundtheIrishcoast。
Mr。Bradyreportsontheabundanceofherringandotherfishallroundthecoast。Shoalsofherrings“remainedoffnearlytheentirecoastofIrelandfromAugusttillDecember。““Largeshoalsofpilchards“wereobservedonthesouthandsouth-westcoasts。OffDingle，itisremarked，“thesupplyofallkindsoffishispracticallyinexhaustible。“
“ImmenseshoalsofherringsoffLiscannorandLoopHead；““themackerelisalwaysonthiscoast，andcanbecapturedatanytimeoftheyear，weatherpermitting。“AtBelmullet，“theshoalsoffishoffthecoast，particularlyherringandmackerel，aresometimesenormous。“Thefishermen，thoughpoor，areallveryorderlyandwellconducted。Theyonlywantenergyandindustry。
TheHarleianMiscellany，iii。378-91。
TheHarleianMiscellany，iii。392。
SeeTheHuguenotsinEnglandandIreland。ABoardofTraders，fortheencouragementandpromotionofthehempandflaxmanufactureinIreland，wasappointedbyanActofParliamentatthebeginningoflastcentury6thOctober，1711，andtheyearaftertheappointmentoftheBoardthefollowingnoticewasplacedontherecordsoftheinstitution:——“LouisCrommelinandtheHuguenotcolonyhavebeengreatlyinstrumentalinimprovingandpropagatingtheflaxenmanufactureinthenorthofthisKingdom，andtheperfectiontowhichthesameisbroughtinthatpartofthecountryhasbeengreatlyowingtotheskillandindustryofthesaidCrommelin。“Inahistoryofthelinentrade，publishedatBelfast，itissaidthat“thedignitywhichthatenterprisingmanimpartedtolabour，andthehalowhichhisexamplecastaroundphysicalexertion，hadthebesteffectinraisingthetoneofpopularfeeling，aswellamongthepatriciansasamongthepeasantsofthenorthofIreland。Thisloveofindustrydidmuchtobreakdownthenationalprejudiceinfavourofidleness，andcastdoubtsonthesocialorthodoxyoftheideathensopopularwiththesquirearchy，thatthosealonewhowereabletolivewithoutemploymenthadanyrightfulclaimtothedistinctivetitleofgentleman……Apatricianbybirthandamerchantbyprofession，Crommelinproved，byhisownlife，hisexample，andhisenterprise，thatanenergeticmanufacturermay，atthesametime，takeahighplaceintheconventionalworld。“
Benn’sHistoryofBelfast，p。78。
FromtheIrishManufacturers’Almanackfor1883Ilearnthatnearlyone-thirdofthespindlesusedinEuropeinthelinentrade，andmorethanone-fourthofthepower-looms，belongtoIreland，that“theIrishlinenandassociatedtradesatpresentgiveemploymentto176，303persons；anditisestimatedthatthecapitalsunkinspinningandweavingfactories，andthebusinessincidentalthereto，isabout100，000，000L。，andofthatsum37，000，000L。iscreditedtoBelfastalone。“
Theimportationofcoalin1883amountedtoover700，000
tons。
WeareindebtedtotheobligingkindnessoftheRightHon。
Mr。Fawcett，Postmaster-Generalforthisreturn。ThetotalnumberofdepositorsinthePostOfficeSavingsbanksintheParliamentaryboroughofBelfastis10，827andtheamountoftheirdeposits，includingtheintereststandingtotheircredit，onthe31stDecember，1882，was158，064L。0s。1d。
AnimportantiteminthesavingsofBelfast，notincludedintheabovereturns，consistsintheamountsofdepositsmadewiththevariousLimitedCompanies，aswellaswiththethrivingBuildingSocietiesinthetownandneighbourhood。
“Theusefulartsarebutreproductionsornewcombinationsbytheartofman，ofthesamenaturalbenefactors。Henolongerwaitsforfavouringgales，butbymeansofsteamherealisesthefableofAEolus’sbag，andcarriesthetwo-and-thirtywindsintheboilerofhisboat。“——Emerson。
“Themostexquisiteandthemostexpensivemachineryisbroughtintoplaywhereoperationsonthemostcommonmaterialsaretobeperformed，becausetheseareexecutedonthewidestscale。Thisisthemeaningofthevastandastonishingprevalenceofmachineworkinthiscountry:thatthemachine，withitsmillionfingers，worksformillionsofpurchasers，whileinremotecountries，wheremagnificenceandsavagerystandsidebyside，tensofthousandsworkforone。ThereArtlaboursfortherichalone；
heresheworksforthepoornoless。Therethemultitudeproduceonlytogivesplendourandgracetothedespotorthewarrior，whoseslavestheyare，andwhomtheyenrich；herethemanwhoispowerfulintheweaponsofpeace，capital，andmachinery，usesthemtogivecomfortandenjoymenttothepublic，whoseservantheis，andthusbecomesrichwhileheenrichesotherswithhisgoods。“——WilliamWhewell，D。D。
IwasbornatScarboroughinMay，1831，thesixthofafamilyofeight。MyfatherwasanativeofRosedale，half-waybetweenWhitbyandPickering:hisnursewasthesisterofCaptainScoresby，celebratedasanArcticexplorer。Arrivedatmanhood，hestudiedmedicine，graduatedatEdinburgh，andpractisedinScarboroughuntilnearlyhisdeathin1866。HewasthriceMayorandaJusticeofthePeacefortheborough。Dr。Harlandwasamanofmuchforceofcharacter，anddisplayedgreatoriginalityinthetreatmentofdisease。Besidesexercisingskillinhisprofession，hehadagreatloveformechanicalpursuits。Hespenthisleisuretimeininventionsofmanysorts；and，inconjunctionwiththelateSirGeorgeCayleyofBrompton，hekeptanexcellentmechanicconstantlyatwork。
In1827heinventedandpatentedasteam-carriageforrunningoncommonroads。Beforetheadoptionofrailways，theoldstagecoacheswerefoundslowandinsufficientforthetraffic。A
workingmodelofthesteam-coachwasperfected，embracingamultitubularboilerforquicklyraisinghigh-pressuresteam，witharevolvingsurfacecondenserforreducingthesteamtowateragain，bymeansofitsexposuretothecolddraughtoftheatmospherethroughtheintersticesofextremelythinlaminationsofcopperplates。Theentiremachinery，placedunderthebottomofthecarriage，wasborneonsprings；thewholebeingofanelegantform。Thismodelsteam-carriageascendedwithperfecteasethesteepestroads。ItssuccesswassocompletethatDr。
Harlanddesignedafull-sizedcarriage；butthedemandsuponhisprofessionalskillweresogreatthathewaspreventedgoingfurtherthanconstructingthepairofengines，thewheels，andapartoftheboiler，——allofwhichremnantsIstillpreserve，asvaluablelinksintheprogressofsteamlocomotion。
Otherbranchesofpracticalscience——suchaselectricity，magnetism，andchemicalcultivationofthesoil——receivedashareofhisattention。Hepredictedthatthreeorfourpowerfulelectriclampswouldyetlightawholecity。HewasalsoconvincedofthefeasibilityofanelectriccabletoNewYork，andcalculatedtheprobablecost。Asanexampletotheneighbourhood，hesuccessfullycultivatedatractofmoorland，andovercamedifficultieswhichbeforethenwerethoughtinsurmountable。
WhenpassingthroughNewcastle，whilestillayoungman，ononeofhisjourneystotheUniversityatEdinburgh，andbeingdesirousofwitnessingtheoperationsinacoal-mine，afriendrecommendedhimtovisitKillingworthpit，wherehewouldfindoneGeorgeStephenson，amostintelligentworkman，incharge。MyfatherwasintroducedtoMr。Stephensonaccordingly；andafterramblingovertheundergroundworkings，andobservingthepumpingandwindingenginesinfulloperation，afriendshipwasmade，whichafterwardsprovedofthegreatestservicetomyself，byfacilitatingmybeingplacedasapupilatthegreatengineeringworksofMessrs。RobertStephensonandCo。，atNewcastle。
MymotherwasthedaughterofGawanPierson，alandedproprietorofGoathland，nearRosedale。She，too，wassurprisinglymechanicalinhertastes；andassistedmyfatherinpreparingmanyofhisplans，besidesattainingconsiderableproficiencyindrawing，painting，andmodellinginwax。Toysinthosedayswerepoor，aswellasveryexpensivetopurchase。Butthenurserysoonbecamealittleworkshopunderherdirections；andtheboyswereusuallyengaged，oneinmakingacart，anotherincarvingoutahorse，andathirdincuttingoutaboat；whilethegirlsweremakingharness，orsewingsails，orcuttingoutandmakingperfectdressesfortheirdolls——whosehouseswerecompletelyfurnishedwitheverything，fromthekitchentotheattic，allmadeathome。