第31章
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  Jaunting-cartravellinghadbeforebeenratherunsafe。Thecountrycarswereofaramshackleorder,andthedriverswereoftenreckless。“WillIpaythepike,ordriveatit,plaiseyourhonour?“saidadrivertohispassengeronapproachingaturnpike-gate。SamLoverusedtotellastoryofacar-driver,who,afterdrivinghispassengerup-hillanddown-hill,alongaverybadroad,askedhimforsomethingextraattheendofhisjourney。

  “Faith,“saidthedriver,“itsnotputtingmeoffwiththisye’dbe,ifyeknewbutall。“Thegentlemangavehimanothershilling。“Andnowwhatdoyoumeanbysaying,’ifyeknewbutall?’““ThatIdruvyerhonorthelastthreemileswidoutalinch-pin!“

  Bianconi,tomakesureofthesoundnessandsafetyofhiscars,setupaworkshoptobuildthemforhimself。Hecouldthusdependupontheirsoundness,downeventothelinch-pinitself。

  Hekeptonhiscarvingandgildingshopuntilhiscarbusinesshadincreasedsomuchthatitrequiredthewholeofhistimeandattention;andthenhegaveitup。Infact,whenhewasabletorunacarfromClonmeltoWaterford-adistanceofthirty-twomiles——atafareofthree-and-sixpence,hiseventualtriumphwassecure。

  HemadeWaterfordoneofthecentresofhisoperations,ashehadalreadymadeClonmel。In1818heestablishedacarbetweenWaterfordandRoss,inthefollowingyearacarbetweenWaterfordandWexford,andanotherbetweenWaterfordandEnniscorthy。A

  fewyearslaterheestablishedothercarsbetweenWaterfordandKilkenny,andWaterfordandDungarvan。Fromthesefurthestpoints,again,othercarswereestablishedincommunicationwiththem,carryingthelinefurthernorth,east,andwest。SomuchhadthetravellingbetweenClonmelandWaterfordincreased,thatinafewyearsinsteadoftheeightortenpassengersconveyedbyTomMorrissey’sboatontheSuirtherewashorseandcarpowercapableofconveyingahundredpassengersdailybetweenthetwoplaces。

  BianconididagreatstrokeofbusinessattheWaterfordelectionof1826。Indeeditwastheturningpointofhisfortunes。Hewasatfirstgreatlycrampedforcapital。Theexpenseofmaintainingandincreasinghisstockofcars,andoffodderinghishorseswasverygreat;andhewasalwaysonthelook-outformorecapital。WhentheWaterfordelectiontookplace,theBeresfordparty,thenall-powerful,engagedallhiscarstodrivetheelectorstothepoll。Thepopularparty,however,startedacandidate,andappliedtoBianconiforhelp。Buthecouldnotcomply,forhiscarswereallengaged。Themorningafterhisrefusaloftheapplication,Bianconiwaspeltedwithmud。Oneortwoofhiscarsandhorseswereheavedoverthebridge。

  BianconithenwrotetoBeresford’sagent,statingthathecouldnolongerriskthelivesofhisdriversandhishorses,anddesiringtobereleasedfromhisengagement。TheBeresfordpartyhadnodesiretoendangerthelivesofthecar-driversortheirhorses,andtheysetBianconifree。Hethenengagedwiththepopularparty,andenabledthemtowintheelection。Forthishewaspaidthesumofathousandpounds。Thisaccessofcapitalwasgreatlyhelpfultohimunderthecircumstances。Hewasabletocommandthemarket,bothforhorsesandfodder。Hewasalsoplacedinapositiontoextendtheareaofhiscarroutes。

  Henowfoundtime,amidsthisnumerousavocations,togetmarried!Hewasfortyyearsofagebeforethiseventoccurred。

  HemarriedElizaHayes,sometwentyyearsyoungerthanhimself,thedaughterofPatrickHayes,ofDublin,andofHenriettaBurton,anEnglish-woman。Themarriagewascelebratedonthe14thofFebruary,1827;andtheceremonywasperformedbythelateArchbishopMurray。Mr。Bianconimustnowhavebeeningoodcircumstances,ashesettledtwothousandpoundsuponhiswifeontheirmarriage-day。Hisearlymarriedlifewasdividedbetweenhiscars,electioneering,andRepealagitation——forhewasalwaysagreatallyofO’Connell。ThoughhejoinedintheRepealmovement,hissympathieswerenotwithit;forhepreferredImperialtoHomeRule。ButhecouldneverdenyhimselfthepleasureoffollowingO’Connell,“rightorwrong。“

  LetusgiveapictureofBianconinow。Thecurly-hairedItalianboyhadgrownahandsomeman。HisblacklockscurledalloverhisheadlikethoseofanancientRomanbust。Hisfacewasfullofpower,hischinwasfirm,hisnosewasfinelycutandwell-formed;hiseyeswerekeenandsparkling,asifthrowingoutachallengetofortune。Hewasactive,energetic,healthy,andstrong,spendinghistimemostlyintheopenair。Hehadawonderfulrecollectionoffaces,andrarelyforgottorecognisethecountenancethathehadonceseen。Heevenknewallhishorsesbyname。Hespentlittleofhistimeathome,butwasconstantlyrushingaboutthecountryafterbusiness,extendinghisconnections,organizinghisstaff,andarrangingthecentresofhistraffic。

  Toreturntothecararrangements。AlinewasearlyopenedfromClonmel——whichwasatfirstthecentreoftheentireconnection——toCork;andthatlinewasextendednorthward,throughMallowandLimerick。Then,theLimerickcarwentontoTralee,andfromthencetoCahirciveen,onthesouth-westcoastofIreland。ThecarswerealsoextendednorthwardfromThurlestoRoscrea,Ballinasloe,Athlone,Roscommon,andSligo,andtoalltheprincipaltownsinthenorth-westcountiesofIreland。

  Thecarsinterlacedwitheachother,andplied,notsomuchincontinuousmainlines,asacrosscountry,soastobringallimportanttowns,butespeciallythemarkettowns,intoregulardailycommunicationwitheachother。Thus,inthecourseofaboutthirtyyears,BianconisucceededinestablishingasystemofinternalcommunicationinIreland,whichtraversedthemainhighwaysandcross-roadsfromtowntotown,andgavethepublicaregularandsafecaraccommodationattheaveragerateofapenny-farthingpermile。

  Thetrafficinalldirectionssteadilyincreased。Thefirstcarusedwascapableofaccommodatingonlysixpersons。ThiswasbetweenClonmelandCahir。ButwhenitwentontoLimerick,alargercarwasrequired。ThetrafficbetweenClonmelandWaterfordwasalsobegunwithasmall-sizedcar。Butinthecourseofafewyears,therewerefourlarge-sizedcars,travellingdailyeachway,betweenthetwoplaces。Andsoitwasinotherdirections,betweenCorkinthesouth;andSligoandStrabaneinthenorthandnorth-west;betweenWexfordintheeast,andGalwayandSkibbereeninthewestandsouth-west。

  Bianconifirstincreasedtheaccommodationofthesecarssoastocarryfourpersonsoneachsideinsteadofthree,drawnbytwohorses。Butasthetwohorsescouldquiteaseasilycarrytwoadditionalpassengers,anotherpiecewasaddedtothecarsoastocarryfivepassengers。Thenanotherfour-wheeledcarwasbuilt,drawnbythreehorses,soastocarrysixpassengersoneachside。Andlastly,afourthhorsewasused,andthecarwasfurtherenlarged,soastoaccommodateseven,andeventuallyeightpassengersoneachside,withoneonthebox,whichmadeatotalaccommodationforseventeenpassengers。Thelargestandheaviestofthelongcars,onfourwheels,wascalled“FinnMacCoul’s,“afterOssian’sGiant;thefastcars,ofalightbuild,ontwowheels,werecalled“Faugh-a-ballagh,“or“cleartheway“;whiletheintermediatecarswerenamed“MasseyDawsons,“afterapopularTorysquire。

  WhenBianconi’ssystemwascomplete,hehadaboutahundredvehiclesatwork;ahundredandfortystationsforchanginghorses,wherefromonetoeightgroomswereemployed;aboutahundreddrivers,thirteenhundredhorses,performinganaveragedistanceofthreethousandeighthundredmilesdaily;passingthroughtwenty-threecounties,andvisitingnofewerthanahundredandtwentyoftheprincipaltownsandcitiesinthesouthandwestandmidlandcountiesofIreland。Bianconi’shorsesconsumedonanaveragefromthreetofourthousandtonsofhayyearly,andfromthirtytofortythousandbarrelsofoats,allofwhichwerepurchasedintherespectivelocalitiesinwhichtheyweregrown。

  Bianconi’scars——or“TheBians“——soonbecameverypopular。

  Everybodywasunderobligationstothem。Theygreatlypromotedtheimprovementofthecountry。Peoplecouldgotomarketandbuyorselltheirgoodsmoreadvantageously。Itwascheaperforthemtoridethantowalk。Theybroughtthewholepeopleofthecountrysomuchnearertoeachother。Theyvirtuallyopenedupaboutseven-tenthsofIrelandtocivilisationandcommerce,andamongtheirotheradvantages,theyopenedmarketsforthefreshfishcaughtbythefishermenofGalway,Clifden,Westport,andotherplaces,enablingthemtobesoldthroughoutthecountryonthedayaftertheywerecaught。TheyalsoopenedthemagnificentsceneryofIrelandtotourists,andenabledthemtovisitBantryBay,Killarney,SouthDonegal,andthewildsofConnemarainsafety,alltheyearround。

  Bianconi’sservicetothepublicwassogreat,anditwasdonewithsomuchtact,thatnobodyhadawordtosayagainsthim。

  Everybodywashisfriend。NoteventheWhiteboyswouldinjurehimorthemailshecarried。Hecouldsaywithpride,thatinthemostdisturbedtimeshiscarshadneverbeenmolested。EvenduringtheWhiteboyinsurrection,thoughhundredsofpeoplewereontheroadsatnight,thetrafficwentonwithoutinterference。

  AtthemeetingoftheBritishAssociationin1857,Bianconisaid:

  “Myconveyances,manyofthemcarryingveryimportantmails,havebeentravellingduringallhoursofthedayandnight,ofteninlonelyandunfrequentedplaces;andduringthelongperiodofforty-twoyearsthatmyestablishmenthasbeeninexistence,theslightestinjuryhasneverbeendonebythepeopletomyproperty,orthatentrustedtomycare;andthisfactgivesmegreaterpleasurethananyprideImightfeelinreflectingupontheotherrewardsofmylife’slabour。“

  OfcourseBianconi’scarswerefoundofgreatuseforcarryingthemails。Thepostwas,atthebeginningofhisenterprise,verybadlyservedinIreland,chieflybyfootandhorseposts。

  WhenthefirstcarwasrunfromClonmeltoCahir,Bianconiofferedtocarrythemailforhalfthepricethenpaidfor“sendingitalternatelybyamuleandabadhorse。“ThepostwasafterwardsfoundtocomeregularlyinsteadofirregularlytoCahir;andthepracticeofsendingthemailsbyBianconi’scarsincreasedfromyeartoyear。DispatchwonitswaytopopularityinIrelandaselsewhere,andBianconilivedtoseeallthecross-postsinIrelandarrangedonhissystem。

  ThepostageauthoritiesfrequentlyusedthecarsofBianconiasameansofcompetingwiththefewexistingmail-coaches。Forinstance,theyaskedhimtocompeteforcarryingthepostbetweenLimerickandTralee,thencarriedbyamail-coach。Beforetendering,Bianconicalledonthecontractor,toinducehimtogiveintotherequirementsofthePostOffice,becauseheknewthatthepostalauthoritiesonlydesiredtomakeuseofhimtofightthecoachproprietors。ButhavingbeeninformedthatitwastheintentionofthePostOfficetodiscontinuethemail-coachwhetherBianconitookthecontractornot,heatlengthsentinhistender,andobtainedthecontract。

  Hesucceededinperformingtheservice,anddeliveredthemailmuchearlierthanithadbeendonebefore。Buttheformercontractor,findingthathehadmadeamistake,gotupamovementinfavourofre-establishingthemail-coachuponthatlineofroad;andheeventuallyinducedthepostageauthoritiestotakethemailcontractoutofthehandsofBianconi,andgiveitbacktohimself,asformerly。Bianconi,however,continuedtokeephiscarsupontheroad。Hehadbeforestatedtothecontractor,thatifheoncestartedhiscars,hewouldnotleaveit,eventhoughthecontractweretakenfromhim。Bothcoachandcarthereforeranforyearsupontheroad,eachlosingthousandsofpounds。“But,“saidBianconi,whenaskedaboutthematterbytheCommitteeonPostagein1838,“Ikeptmyword:Imusteitherlosecharacterbybreakingmyword,orlosemoney。Ipreferlosingmoneytogivingupthelineofroad。“

  Bianconihadalsoothercompetitorstocontendwith,especiallyfromcoachandcarproprietors。Nosoonerhadheshowntoothersthewaytofortune,thanhehadplentyofimitators。Buttheydidnotpossesshisraregeniusfororganisation,norperhapshisstillrarerprinciples。Theyhadnothistact,hisforesight,hisknowledge,norhisperseverance。WhenBianconiwasaskedbytheSelectCommitteeonPostage,“Dotheoppositioncarsstartedagainstyouinduceyoutoreduceyourfares?“hisanswerwas,“No;Iseldomdo。Ourfaresaresoclosetothefirstcost,thatifanymanrunscheaperthanIdo,hemuststarveoff,asfewcanservethepubliclowerandbetterthanIdo。“[3]

  Bianconiwasoncepresentatameetingofcarproprietors,calledforthepurposeofunitingtoputdownanewoppositioncoach。

  Bianconiwouldnotconcur,butprotestedagainstit,saying,“IfcarproprietorshadunitedagainstmewhenIstarted,Ishouldhavebeencrushed。Butisnotthecountrybigenoughforusall?“Thecoachproprietors,aftermanyangrywords,threatenedtouniteinrunningdownBianconihimself。“Verywell,“hesaid,“youmayrunmeofftheroad——thatispossible;butwhilethereisthis“pullingafloweroutofhiscoat“youwillnotputmedown。“Thethreatmerelyendedinsmoke,thecourageandperseveranceofBianconihavinglongsincebecomegenerallyrecognised。

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