BusinessdidnotproveveryprosperousatCarrick-on-suir;thetownwassmall,andthetradewasnotverybrisk。Accordingly,Bianconiresolved,afterayear’sineffectualtrial,toremovetoWaterford,amorethrivingcentreofoperations。Hewasnowtwenty-oneyearsold。Hebeganagainasacarverandgilder;andasbusinessflowedinuponhim,heworkedveryhard,sometimesfromsixinthemorninguntiltwohoursaftermidnight。Asusual,hemademanyfriends。AmongthebestofthemwasEdwardRice,thefounderofthe“ChristianBrothers“inIreland。EdwardRicewasatruebenefactortohiscountry。Hedevotedhimselftotheworkofeducation,longbeforetheNationalSchoolswereestablished;investingthewholeofhismeansinthefoundationandmanagementofthisnobleinstitution。
Mr。Rice’sadviceandinstructionsetandkeptBianconiintherightroad。HehelpedtheyoungforeignertolearnEnglish。
Bianconiwasnolongeradunce,ashehadbeenatschool;butakeen,active,enterprisingfellow,eagertomakehiswayintheworld。Mr。Riceencouragedhimtobesedulousandindustrious,urgedhimtocarefulnessandsobriety,andstrengthenedhisreligionsimpressions。Thehelpandfriendshipofthisgoodman,operatinguponthemindandsoulofayoungman,whosehabitsofconductandwhosemoralandreligiouscharacterwereonlyincourseofformation,couldnotfailtoexercise,asBianconialwaysacknowledgedtheydid,amostpowerfulinfluenceuponthewholeofhisafterlife。
Although“threeremoves“aresaidtobe“asbadasafire,“
Bianconi,afterremainingabouttwoyearsatWaterford,madeathirdremovalin1809,toClonmel,inthecountyofTipperary。
Clonmelisthecentreofalargecorntrade,andisinwatercommunication,bytheSuir,withCarrickandWaterford。
Bianconi,therefore,merelyextendedhisconnection;andstillcontinuedhisdealingswithhiscustomersintheothertowns。Hemadehimselfmoreproficientinthemechanicalpartofhisbusiness;andaimedatbeingthefirstcarverandgilderinthetrade。Besides,hehadalwaysaneyeopenfornewbusiness。Atthattime,whenthewarwasragingwithFrance,goldwasatapremium。Theguineawasworthabouttwenty-sixortwenty-sevenshillings。Bianconithereforebegantobuyupthehoarded-upguineasofthepeasantry。Theloyalistsbecamealarmedathisproceedings,andbegantocirculatethereportthatBianconi,theforeigner,wasbuyingupbulliontosendsecretlytoBonaparte!
Thecountrypeople,however,partedwiththeirguineasreadily;
fortheyhadnoparticularhatredof“Bony,“butratheradmiredhim。
Bianconi’sconductwasofcoursequiteloyalinthematter;hemerelyboughttheguineasasamatterofbusiness,andsoldthemataprofittothebankers。
Thecountrypeoplehadadifficultyinpronouncinghisname。HisshopwasatthecornerofJohnsonStreet,andinsteadofBianconi,hecametobecalled“BianoftheCorner。“Hewasafterwardsknownas“Bian。“
Bianconisoonbecamewellknownafterhisbusinesswasestablished。Hebecameaproficientinthecarvingandgildingline,andwaslookeduponasathrivingman。Hebegantoemployassistantsinhistrade,andhadthreeGermangildersatwork。
Whiletheywereworkingintheshophewouldtravelaboutthecountry,takingordersanddeliveringgoods——sometimeswalkingandsometimesdriving。
Hestillretainedalittleofhisoldfriskinessandspiritofmischief。HewasoncedrivingacarfromClonmeltoThurles;hehadwithhimalargelooking-glasswithagiltframe,onwhichaboutafortnight’slabourhadbeenbestowed。Inafitofexuberanthumourhebegantoticklethehorseunderhistailwithastraw!Inaninstanttheanimalrearedandplunged,andthensetoffatagallopdownhill。Theresultwas,thatthecarwasdashedtobitsandthelooking-glassbrokenintoathousandatoms!
Onanotheroccasion,amanwascarryingtoCashelonhisbackoneofBianconi’slargelooking-glasses。Anoldwomanbythewayside,seeingtheodd-looking,unwieldypackage,askedwhatitwas;onwhichBianconi,whowasclosebehindthemancarryingtheglass,answeredthatitwas“theRepealoftheUnion!“Theoldwoman’sdelightwasunbounded!Shekneltdownonherkneesinthemiddleoftheroad,asifithadbeenapictureoftheMadonna,andthankedGodforhavingpreservedherinheroldagetoseetheRepealoftheUnion!
Butthislittlewaywardnessdidnotlastlong。Bianconi’swildoatsweresoonallsown。Hewascarefulandfrugal。Asheafterwardsusedtosay,“WhenIwasearningashillingadayatClonmel,Iliveduponeightpence。“Heeventooklodgers,torelievehimofthechargeofhishouseholdexpenses。Butashismeansgrew,hewassoonabletohaveaconveyanceofhisown。Hefirststartedayellowgig,inwhichhedroveaboutfromplacetoplace,andwaseverywheretreatedwithkindnessandhospitality。
Hewasnowregardedas“respectable,“andasapersonworthytoholdsomelocaloffice。HewaselectedtoaSocietyforvisitingtheSickPoor,andbecameaMemberoftheHouseofIndustry。Hemighthavegoneoninthesamebusiness,winninghiswaytotheMayoraltyofClonmel,whichheafterwardsheld;butthattheoldidea,whichhadfirstsprungupinhismindwhilerestingwearilyonthemilestonesalongtheroad,withhisheavycaseofpicturesbyhisside,againlaidholdofhim,andhedeterminednowtotrywhetherhisplancouldnotbecarriedintoeffect。
Hehadoftenlamentedthefatiguethatpoorpeoplehadtoundergointravellingwithburdensfromplacetoplaceuponfoot,andwonderedwhethersomemeansmightnotbedevisedforalleviatingtheirsufferings。Otherpeoplewouldhavesuggested“theGovernment!“WhyshouldnottheGovernmentgiveusthis,that,andtheother,——giveusroads,harbours,carriages,boats,nets,andsoon。This,ofcourse,wouldhavebeenamistakenidea;forwherepeoplearetoomuchhelped,theyinvariablylosethebeneficentpracticeofhelpingthemselves。CharlesBianconihadneverbeenhelped,exceptbyadviceandfriendship。Hehadhelpedhimselfthroughout;andnowhewouldtrytohelpothers。
Thefactswerepatenttoeverybody。TherewasnotanIrishmanwhodidnotknowthedifficultyofgettingfromonetowntoanother。Therewereroadsbetweenthem,butnoconveyances。
Therewasanabundanceofhorsesinthecountry,foratthecloseofthewaranunusualnumberofhorses,bredforthearmy,werethrownuponthemarket。Thenataxhadbeenlevieduponcarriages,whichsentalargenumberofjaunting-carsoutofemployment。
TheroadsofIrelandwereonthewholegood,beingatthattimequiteequal,ifnotsuperior,tomostofthoseinEngland。Thefactsoftheabundanthorses,thegoodroads,thenumberofunemployedoutsidecars,weregenerallyknown;butuntilBianconitooktheenterpriseinhand,therewasnopersonofthought,orspirit,orcapitalinthecountry,whoputthesethreethingstogetherhorses,roads,andcarsanddreamtofremedyingthegreatpublicinconvenience。
ItwasleftforouryoungItaliancarverandgilder,astrugglingmanofsmallcapital,totakeuptheenterprise,andshowwhatcouldbedonebyprudentactionandperseveringenergy。Thoughthecarsystemoriginally“grewoutofhisback,“Bianconihadlongbeenturningthesubjectoverinhismind。Hisideawas,thatweshouldneverdespisesmallinterests,norneglectthewantsofpoorpeople。Hesawthemail-coachessupplyingtherequirementsoftherich,andenablingthemtotravelrapidlyfromplacetoplace。“Then,“saidhetohimself,“woulditnotbepossibleformetomakeanordinarytwo-wheeledcarpay,byrunningasregularlyfortheaccommodationofpoordistrictsandpoorpeople?“
WhenMr。Wallace,chairmanoftheSelectCommitteeonPostage,in1838,askedMr。Bianconi,“Whatinducedyoutocommencethecarestablishment?“hisanswerwas,“IdidsofromwhatIsaw,aftercomingtothiscountry,ofthenecessityforsuchcars,inasmuchastherewasnomiddlemodeofconveyance,nothingtofillupthevacuumthatexistedbetweenthosewhowereobligedtowalkandthosewhopostedorrode。Mywantofknowledgeofthelanguagegavemeplentyoftimefordeliberation,andinproportionasI
grewupwiththeknowledgeofthelanguageandthelocalities,thisvacuumpressedveryheavilyuponmymind,tillatlastI
hitupontheideaofrunningjaunting-cars,andforthatpurposeIcommencedrunningonebetweenClonmelandCahir。“[2]
WhatahappythingitwasforBianconiandIrelandthathecouldnotspeakwithfacility,——thathedidnotknowthelanguageorthemannersofthecountry!Inhiscasesilencewas“golden。“
Hadhebeenabletotalklikethepeopleabouthim,hemighthavesaidmuchanddonelittle,——attemptednothingandconsequentlyachievednothing。HemighthavegotupameetingandpetitionedParliamenttoprovidethecars,andsubventionthecarsystem;orhemighthavegoneamongsthispersonalfriends,askedthemtohelphim,andfailingtheirhelp,givenuphisideaindespair,andsatdowngrumblingatthepeopleandtheGovernment。
Butinsteadoftalking,heproceededtodoing,therebyillustratingLessona’smaximofVolereepotere。Afterthinkingthesubjectfullyover,hetrustedtoself-help。Hefoundthatwithhisownmeans,carefullysaved,hecouldmakeabeginning;
andthebeginningoncemade,includedthesuccessfulending。
Thebeginning,itistrue,wasverysmall。Itwasonlyanordinaryjaunting-car,drawnbyasinglehorse,capableofaccommodatingsixpersons。ThefirstcarranbetweenClonmelandCahir,adistanceofabouttwelvemiles,onthe5thofJuly,1815——amemorabledayforBianconiandIreland。Uptothattimethepublicaccommodationforpassengerswasconfinedtoafewmailanddaycoachesonthegreatlinesofroad,thefaresbywhichwereveryhigh,andquitebeyondthereachofthepoorerormiddle-classpeople。
PeopledidnotknowwhattomakeofBianconi’scarwhenitfirststarted。Therewere,ofcourse,theusualprophetsofdisaster,whodecidedthatit“wouldneverdo。“Manythoughtthatnoonewouldpayeighteen-penceforgoingtoCahirbycarwhentheycouldwalktherefornothing?TherewereotherswhothoughtthatBianconishouldhavestucktohisshop,astherewasnoconnectionwhateverbetweenpicture-gildingandcar-driving!
Thetruthis,theenterpriseatfirstthreatenedtobeafailure!
Scarcelyanybodywouldgobythecar。Peoplepreferredtrudgingonfoot,andsavedtheirmoney,whichwasmorevaluabletothemthantheirtime。Thecarsometimesranforweekswithoutapassenger。Anothermanwouldhavegivenuptheenterpriseindespair。ButthiswasnotthewaywithBianconi。Hewasamanoftenacityandperseverance。Whatshouldhedobutstartanoppositioncar?Nobodyknewofitbuthimself;noteventhedriveroftheoppositioncar。However,therivalcarwasstarted。Theracesbetweenthecar-drivers,thefreeliftsoccasionallygiventopassengers,thecheapnessofthefare,andtheexcitementofthecontest,attractedtheattentionofthepublic。Thepeopletooksides,andbeforelongbothcarscameinfull。Fortunatelythe“greatbigyallahhorse“oftheoppositioncarbrokedown,andBianconihadallthetradetohimself。
Thepeoplebecameaccustomedtotravelling。TheymightstillwalktoCahir;butgoingbycarsavedtheirlegs,savedtheirbrains,andsavedtheirtime。TheymightgotoCahirmarket,dotheirbusinessthere,andbecomfortablybackwithintheday。
BianconithenthoughtofextendingthecartoTipperaryandLimerick。Inthecourseofthesameyear,1815,hestartedanothercarbetweenClonmel,Cashel,andThurles。ThusalltheprincipaltownsofTipperarywere,inthefirstyearoftheundertaking,connectedtogetherbycar,besidesbeingalsoconnectedwithLimerick。
Itwaseasytounderstandtheconvenienceofthecarsystemtobusinessmen,farmers,andevenpeasants。Beforetheirestablishment,ittookamanawholedaytowalkfromThurlestoClonmel,theseconddaytodohisbusiness,andthethirdtowalkbackagain;whereashecould,inoneday,travelbackwardsandforwardsbetweenthetwotowns,andhavefiveorsixintermediatehoursforthepurposeofdoinghisbusiness。Thustwocleardayscouldbesaved。
Stillcarryingouthisscheme,Bianconi,inthefollowingyear1816,putonacarfromClonmeltoWaterford。BeforethattimetherewasnocaraccommodationbetweenClonmelandCarrick-on-Suir,abouthalf-waytoWaterford;buttherewasanaccommodationbyboatbetweenCarrickandWaterford。Thedistancebetweenthetwolatterplaceswas,byroad,twelvemiles,andbytheriverSuirtwenty-fourmiles。TomMorrissey’sboatpliedtwodaysaweek;itcarriedfromeighttotenpassengersat61/2d。ofthethencurrency;itdidthevoyageinfromfourtofivehours,andbesideshadtowaitforthetidetofloatitupanddowntheriver。WhenBianconi’scarwasputon,itdidthedistancedailyandregularlyintwohours,atafareoftwoshillings。
Thepeoplesoongotaccustomedtotheconvenienceofthecars。
Theyalsolearnedfromthemtheusesofpunctualityandthevalueoftime。Theylikedtheopen-airtravellingandthesidelongmotion。Thenewcarswerealsosafeandwell-appointed。Theyweredrawnbygoodhorsesanddrivenbygoodcoachmen。