第137章
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  Bainbridgehadpredicted,theexperimentcametonothing。Thewholecaseofthisgirlofferedastrikinginstanceofthepowerofimagination,butnoproofwhateverofthesupposedexistenceofthemagneticfluid。

  TheMedicalCommitteeoftheUniversityCollegeHospitaltookalarmataveryearlyperiodattheinjurywhichmightbedonetothatInstitution,bytheexhibitionsofOkeyandhermagnetisers。AmeetingwasheldinJune1838,atwhichDr。Elliotsonwasnotpresent,totakeintoconsiderationthereportsoftheexperimentsthathadbeenpublishedintheMedicalJournals。Resolutionswerethenpassedtotheeffect,thatDr。Elliotsonshouldberequestedtorefrainfromfurtherpublicexhibitionsofmesmerism;and,atthesametime,statingthewishoftheCommitteenottointerferewithitsprivateemploymentasaremedialagent,ifhethoughtitwouldbeefficaciousuponanyofthepatientsoftheInstitution。Dr。Elliotsonreplied,thatnoconsiderationshouldpreventhimfrompursuingtheinvestigationofAnimalMagnetism;butthathehadnodesiretomakeapublicexhibitionofit。Hehadonlygivenlecturesanddemonstrationswhennumbersofscientificgentlemenwerepresent;hestillcontinuedtoreceivenumerouslettersfromlearnedandeminentmen,entreatingpermissiontowitnessthephenomena;butiftheCommitteewilledit,heshouldadmitnopersonwithouttheirsanction。Heshortlyafterwardssentalistofthenamesofindividualswhowereanxioustowitnesstheexperiments。TheCommitteereturnedittohimunread,withthereplythattheycouldnotsanctionanyexhibitionthatwassoentirelyforeigntotheobjectsoftheHospital。Inanswertothis,Dr。ElliotsonreiteratedhisfullbeliefinthedoctrinesofAnimalMagnetism,andhisconvictionthathisexperimentswouldultimatelythrowalightupontheoperationsofnature,whichwouldequal,ifnotexceed,thatelicitedbythegreatestdiscoveriesofby-goneages。Thecorrespondencedroppedhere;andtheexperimentscontinuedasusual。

  Thescene,however,wasdrawingtoaclose。Onthe25thofAugust,anoticewaspublishedintheLancet,totheeffect,thatsomeexperimentshadbeenperformedonthegirlsElizabethandJaneOkey,atthehouseofMr。Wakley,areportofwhichwasonlywithheldinthehopethattheCommitteeofMembersoftheMedicalProfession,thensittingtoinvestigatethephenomenaofmesmerism,wouldpublishtheirreportofwhattheyhadwitnessed。Itwasfurtherstated,thatwhetherthatCommitteedidordidnotpublishtheirreport,theresultoftheexperimentsatMr。Wakley’shouseshouldcertainlybemadeknowninthenextnumberofthatjournal。Accordingly,onthe1stofSeptemberappearedastatement,whichoverthrew,inthemostcompletemanner,thedelusionofmesmerism。Nothingcouldhavebeenbetterconductedthantheseexperiments;nothingcouldbemoredecisiveofthefact,thatallthephenomenawerepurelytheresultsoftheexcitedimaginationsofthegirls,aidedinnoslightdegreebytheirwilfuldeception。

  Thefirstexperimentswereperformedonthe16thofAugust,inthepresenceofMr。Wakley,M。Dupotet,Dr。Elliotson,Dr。Richardson,Mr。

  Herring,Mr。Clarke,andMr。G。MillsthewriterofthepublishedreportsoftheexperimentsattheUniversityCollegeHospital。Dr。

  Elliotsonhadsaid,thatnickelwascapableofretainingandtransmittingthemagneticfluidinanextraordinarydegree;butthatleadpossessednosuchvirtues。Theeffectsofthenickel,hewasconfident,wouldbequiteastounding;butthatleadmightalwaysbeappliedwithimpunity。ApieceofnickelwasproducedbytheDoctor,aboutthreequartersofanounceinweight,togetherwithapieceofleadofthesameshapeandsmoothness,butsomewhatlarger。ElizabethOkeywasseatedinachair;and,byafewpassesandmanipulations,wasthrownintothestateof“ecstaticdelirium。“Apieceofthickpasteboardwasthenplacedinfrontofherface,andheldinthatsituationbytwoofthespectators,sothatshecouldnotseewhatwaspassingeitherbeloworinfrontofher。Mr。Wakleyhavingreceivedboththenickelandthelead,seatedhimselfoppositethegirl,andappliedtheleadtoeachhandalternately,butinsuchamannerastoleadhertobelievethatbothmetalshadbeenused。Noeffectwasproduced。ThenickelmagnetisedbyDr。Elliotsonwas,afterapause,appliedinasimilarmanner。Noresultsfollowed。Afteranotherpause,theleadwasseveraltimesapplied,andthenagainthenickel。Afterthelastapplicationofthenickel,thefaceofthepatientbecameviolentlyflushed,theeyeswereconvulsedintoastartlingsquint,shefellbackinthechair,herbreathingwashurried,herlimbsrigid,andherbackbentintheformofabow。Sheremainedinthisstateforaquarterofanhour。

  Thisexperimentwasnotconsideredasatisfactoryproofofthemagneticpowersofthenickel;andDr。Elliotsonsuggestedthat,inthesecondexperiment,thatmetalshouldalonebetried。Mr。Wakleywasagaintheoperator;but,beforecommencing,hestatedprivatelytoMr。Clarke,thatinsteadofusingnickelonly,hewouldnotemploythenickelatall。Mr。Clarke,unseenbyanypersonpresent,tookthepieceofnickel;putitintohiswaistcoatpocket;andwalkedtothewindow,whereheremainedduringthewholeoftheexperiment。Mr。

  Wakleyagainsatdown,employingbothhands,butplacinghisfingersinsuchamanner,thatitwasimpossibleforanypersontoseewhatsubstanceheheld。Presently,onapplyinghislefthand,thegirl’svisionbeingstillobstructedbythepasteboard,Mr。Herring,whowasstandingnear,saidinawhisper,andwithmuchsincerity,“Takecare,don’tapplythenickeltoostrongly。“Immediatelythefaceofthegirlbecameviolentlyred,hereyeswerefixedinanintensesquint,shefellbackconvulsivelyinherchair,andalltheprevioussymptomswereproducedmorepowerfullythanbefore。Dr。Elliotsonobservedthattheeffectsweremostextraordinary;thatnoothermetalthannickelcouldproducethem,andthattheypresentedabeautifulseriesofphenomena。Thisparoxysmlastedhalfanhour。Mr。WakleyretiredwithDr。Elliotsonandtheothergentlemenintoanadjoiningroom,andconvincedthemthathehadusednonickelatall,butapieceofleadandafarthing。

  Thisexperimentwastwicerepeatedwiththesameresults。Athirdtrialwasmadewiththenickel,butnoeffectwasproduced。

  Onthesucceedingdaytheexperimentswererepeateduponboththesisters,chieflywithmesmerisedwaterandsovereigns。Theinvestigationoccupiedaboutfivehours,andthefollowingweretheresults:——

  1。Sixwineglasses,filledwithwaterunmesmerised,wereplacedonatable,andJaneOkeybeingcalledin,wasrequestedtodrinkfromeachofthemsuccessively。Shedidso,andnoeffectwasproduced。

  2。Thesamesixglassesstoodonthetable,thewaterinthefourthhavingbeensubjectedforalongtimetothesupposedmagneticinfluence。Shewasrequestedinlikemannertodrinkofthese。Shedidso,andagainnoeffectwasproduced,although,accordingtothedoctrineofthemagnetisers,sheoughttohavebeenimmediatelyfixedondrinkingofthefourth。

  3。Inthisexperimentthepositionoftheglasseswaschanged。

  Therewasnoresult。

  4。Wasarepetitionoftheforegoing。Noresult。

  5。ThewaterinalltheglasseswassubjectedtothesupposedmagneticinfluencefromthefingersofDr。Elliotson,until,inhisopinion,itwasstronglymagnetised。Stillnoresult。

  6。Theglasseswerefilledupwithfreshwaterunmesmerised。Noresult。

  7。Thewaterwasstronglymagnetisedineachglass,andthegirlemptiedthemall。Noresult。

  Itwouldbeneedlesstogothroughthewholeseriesofexperiments。Theresultsmaybebrieflystated。Sovereignsunmesmerisedthrewthegirlsintoconvulsions,orfixedthem。

  Mesmerisedsovereignssometimesdidandsometimesdidnotproducethesesymptoms。ElizabethOkeybecamerepeatedlyfixedwhendrinkingunmagnetisedwater;whilethatwhichhadbeensubjectedtothepowersofasupposedmagneticbattery,producednoresults。Altogethertwenty-nineexperimentsweretried,whichconvincedeveryonepresent,exceptDr。Elliotson,thatAnimalMagnetismwasadelusion,thatthegirlswereofveryexciteableimaginations,andarrantimpostors。

  Theirmotivesforcarryingonsoextraordinaryadeceptionhaveoftenbeenasked。Thequestioniseasilyanswered。Poorgirls,unknownandunnoticed,or,ifnoticed,perhapsdespised,theyfoundthemselvesallatoncetheobservedofallobservers,bythereallyremarkablesymptomsoftheirdisease,whichitrequirednoaidfrommagnetismtoproduce。Flatteredbytheoft-repeatedexperimentsandconstantattentionsofdoctorsandlearnedmen,whohadbegunbydeludingthemselves,theyimaginedthemselvespersonsofvastimportance,andencouragedbydegreesthewhimsoftheirphysicians,asthemeansofprolongingtheconsiderationtheysounexpectedlyenjoyed。Constantpracticemadethematlastallbutperfectinthepartstheywereperforming;andtheyfailedatlast,notfromawantofingenuity,orofamostwonderfulpowerovertheirownminds,andbytheirmindsupontheirbodies,butfromthephysicalimpossibilityofseeingthroughathickpasteboard,orintotheclosedhandsofMr。Wakley。

  Theexposurethatwasmadewascompleteanddecisive。Fromthatdayforth,magnetisminEnglandhashiditsdiminishedhead,andaffrontednolongerthecommonsenseoftheage。M。Dupotetisnomoreheardof,thegirlsOkeyaffordnomoreeitherwonderoramusementbytheircleveracting,andreasonhasresumedherswayinthepublicmind。

  Afewmorecircumstancesremaintobestated。ElizabethOkeyleftthehospital;butwasre-admittedsomeweeksafterwards,labouringunderischuria,afreshcomplaint,unconnectedwithherformermalady。

  Asexperimentsinmagnetismwerestilltrieduponherprivately,notwithstandingtherecentexposureandtheallbutuniversalderisionofthepublic,theHouseCommitteeofthehospital,earlyinDecember,mettoconsidertheexpediencyofexpellingthegirl。Dr。Elliotson,onthatoccasion,expressedhisopinionthatitwasnecessarytoretainherinthehospital,asshewastooilltobedischarged。Itwasthenelicitedfromthenurse,whowasexaminedbytheCommittee,thatOkey,wheninthestateof“magneticdelirium,“wasinthehabitofprophesyingthedeathorrecoveryofthepatientsintheward;

  that,withtheconsentofDr。Elliotson,shehadbeenledinthetwilightintothemen’sward,andhadprophesiedinasimilarmanner;

  herpredictionsbeingtakendowninwriting,andgiveninasealedpapertotheapothecary,tobeopenedafteracertaintime,thatitmightbeseenwhethertheywereverified。Dr。Elliotsondidnotdenythefact。Thenursealsostatedmoreparticularlythemannerinwhichthepropheciesweredelivered。Shesaidthat,onapproachingthebedofacertainpatient,Okeygaveaconvulsiveshudder,exclaimingthat“GreatJackywassittingonthebedclothes!“Onbeingaskedtoexplainherself,shesaidthatGreatJackywastheangelofdeath。Atthebedsideofanotherpatientsheshudderedslightly,andsaid“LittleJackywasthere!“Dr。Elliotsondidnotaltogetherdiscreditthepredictions;butimaginedtheymightultimatelybeverifiedbythedeathorrecoveryofthepatient。Uponthemindsofthepatientsthemselves,enfeebledastheywerebydiseaseandsuffering,theworsteffectswereproduced。Oneman’sdeathwasacceleratedbythedespondencyitoccasioned,andtherecoveryofotherswasseriouslyimpeded。

点击下载App,搜索"Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions",免费读到尾