第132章
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  Thedroopingeyelidscannotberaised;thesensesofhearing,smelling,feeling,andtastingaremorethanusuallyexcited。Inaddition,avarietyofnervoussensationsarefelt,suchasspasmsofthemusclesandprickingsoftheskin,andinvoluntarytwitchingsinvariouspartsofthebody。

  Inthethirdstage,whichisthatofmagneticsleep,allthesensesareclosedtoexternalimpressions;andsometimesfainting,andcatalepticorapoplecticattacksmayoccur。

  Inthefourthstage,thepatientisasleeptoalltheworld;butheisawakewithinhisownbody,andconsciousnessreturns。Whileinthisstate,allhissensesaretransferredtotheskin。Heisintheperfectcrisis,ormagneticsomnambulism;abeingofsoulandmind——

  seeingwithouteyes——hearingwithoutears,anddeadenedinbodytoallsenseoffeeling。

  Inthefifthstage,whichisthatoflucidvision,thepatientcanseehisowninternalorganisation,orthatofothersplacedinmagneticcommunicationwithhim。Hebecomes,atthesametime,possessedoftheinstinctofremedies。Themagneticfluid,inthisstage,uniteshimbypowerfulattractiontoothers,andestablishesbetweenthemanimpenetrationofthoughtandfeelingsointenseastoblendtheirdifferentnaturesintoone。

  Inthesixthstage,whichisatthesametimetherarestandthemostperfectofall,thelucidvisionisnotobstructedbyopaquematter,orsubjecttoanybarriersinterposedbytimeorspace。Themagneticfluid,whichisuniversallyspreadinnature,unitestheindividualwithallnature,andgiveshimcognizanceofcomingeventsbyitsuniversallucidity。

  Somuchwassaidandwrittenbetweentheyears1820and1825,andsomanyconvertsweremade,thatthemagnetisersbecameclamorousforanewinvestigation。M。deFoissac,ayoungphysician,wrotetotheAcademieRoyaleduMedicinealetter,callingforinquiry,inwhichhecomplainedoftheunfairnessofthereportofMessrs。BaillyandFranklinin1784,andstatingthat,sincethattime,thesciencehadwhollychangedbytheimportantdiscoveryofmagneticsomnambulism。HeinformedtheAcademythathehadunderhiscareayoungwoman,whosepowersofdivinationwheninthesomnambulicstatewereofthemostextraordinarycharacter。Heinvitedthemembersofthatbodytogointoanyhospital,andchoosepersonsafflictedwithanydiseases,acuteorchronic,simpleorcomplex,andhissomnambulist,onbeingputenrapport,orinmagneticconnexion,withthem,wouldinfalliblypointouttheirailingsandnametheremedies。She,andothersomnambulists,hesaid,could,bymerelylayingthehandsuccessivelyonthehead,thechest,andtheabdomenofastranger,immediatelydiscoverhismaladies,with,thepainsanddifferentalterationstherebyoccasioned。Theycouldindicate,besides,whetherthecurewerepossible,and,ifso,whetheritwereeasyordifficult,nearorremote,andwhatmeansshouldbeemployedtoattainthisresultbythesurestandreadiestway。Inthisexaminationtheyneverdepartedfromthesoundprinciplesofmedicine。“Infact,“addedM。deFoissac,“I

  gofurther,andassertthattheirinspirationsarealliedtothegeniuswhichanimatedHippocrates!“

  InthemeantimeexperimentswerecarriedoninvarioushospitalsofParis。TheepilepticpatientsattheSalpetriereweremagnetisedbypermissionofM。Esquirol。AttheBicetrealsothesameresuitswereobtained。M。deFoissacbusiedhimselfwiththeinvalidsattheHospicedelaCharite,andM。DupotetwasequallysuccessfulinproducingsleeporconvulsionsatValdeGrace。ManymembersoftheChamberofDeputiesbecameconverts,andM。Chardel,theComtedeGestas,M。deLaseases,andothers,openedtheirsaloonstothosewhoweredesirousofbeinginstructedinanimalmagnetism。[Dupotet’sIntroductiontotheStudyofAnimalMagnetism,page23。]OtherphysiciansunitedwithM。deFoissacincallingforaninquiry;andultimatelytheAcademynominatedapreliminarycommitteeoffiveofitsmembers,namely,MessrsAdelon,Burdin,Marc,Pariset,andHusson,toinvestigatetheallegedfacts,andtoreportwhethertheAcademy,withoutanycompromiseofitsdignity,couldappointanewcommission。

  Beforethiscommittee,M。deFoissacproducedhisfamoussomnambulist;butshefailedinexhibitinganyoneofthephenomenaherphysicianhadsoconfidentlypredicted:shewaseasilythrownintothestateofsleep,bylonghabitandthemonotonyofthepassesandmanipulationsofhermagnetiser;butshecouldnottellthediseasesofpersonsputenrapportwithher。Thecommitteeoffiveframedexcusesforthisfailure,bysaying,thatprobablythemagneticfluidwasobstructed,becausetheywere“inexperienced,distrustful,andperhapsimpatient。“Afterthis,whatcanbesaidforthejudgmentortheimpartialityofsuchacommittee?Theygaveatlasttheiropinion,thatitwouldbeadvisabletoappointanewcommission。Onthel3thofDecember1825,theypresentedthemselvestotheAcademietodelivertheirreport。Adebateensued,whichoccupiedthreedays,andinwhichallthemostdistinguishedmemberstookpart。Itwasfinallydecidedbyamajorityoften,thatthecommissionshouldbeappointed,andthefollowingphysicianswerechosenitsmembers:——Theywereeleveninnumber,viz。BourdoisdelaMotte,thePresident;Fouquier,GueneaudeMussy,Guersent,Husson,Itard,Marc,J。J。Leroux,Thillay,Double,andMajendie。

  Thesegentlemenbegantheirlaboursbypublishinganaddresstoallmagnetisers,invitingthemtocomeforwardandexhibitintheirpresencethewondersofanimalmagnetism。M。Dupotetsaysthatveryfewansweredthisamicableappeal,becausetheywereafraidofbeingridiculedwhenthereportshouldbepublished。Fourmagnetisers,however,answeredtheirappealreadily,andforfiveyearswerebusilyengagedinbringingproofsofthenewsciencebeforethecommission。

  ThesewereM。deFoissac,M。Dupotet,M。Chapelain,andM。deGeslin。

  Itwouldbebutanunprofitable,andbynomeansapleasanttasktofollowthecommissionersintheirerraticcareer,astheywereledhitherandthitherbythefourlightsofmagnetismabovementioned;

  thefour“Wills-o’-the-Wisp“whichdazzledthebenightedandbewildereddoctorsonthatwideandshadowyregionofmetaphysicalinquiry——theinfluenceofmindovermatter。Itwillbebettertostateatoncetheconclusiontheycametoaftersolongandlaboriousaninvestigation,andthenexaminewhethertheywerewarrantedinitbytheevidencebroughtbeforethem。

  Thereport,whichisexceedinglyvoluminous,isclassedunderthirtydifferentheads,anditsgeneraltenorisfavourabletomagnetism。Thereportersexpresslystatetheirbeliefintheexistenceofthemagneticfluid,andsumuptheresultoftheirinquiriesinthefourassertionswhichfollow:——

  1。Magnetismhasnoeffectuponpersonsinasoundstateofhealth,noruponsomediseasedpersons。

  2。Inothersitseffectsareslight。

  3。Theseeffectsaresometimesproducedbywearinessorennui,bymonotony,andbytheimagination。

  4。Wehaveseentheseeffectsdevelopedindependentlyofthelastcauses,mostprobablyastheeffectsofmagnetismalone。

  Itwillbeseenthatthefirstandsecondofthesesentencespresupposetheexistenceofthatmagneticpower,whichitistheobjectoftheinquirytodiscover。Thereportersbegin,bysaying,thatmagnetismexists,whenafterdetailingtheirproofs,theyshouldhaveendedbyaffirmingit。Forthesakeoflucidity,afavouriteexpressionoftheirown,letusputthepropositionsintoanewformandnewwords,withoutalteringthesense。

  1。Certaineffects,suchasconvulsions,somnambulism,&c。areproducibleinthehumanframe,bythewillofothers,bythewillofthepatienthimself,orbybothcombined,orbysomeunknownmeans,wewishtodiscover,perhapsbymagnetism。

  2。Theseeffectsarenotproducibleuponallbodies。Theycannotbeproduceduponpersonsinasoundstateofhealth,noruponsomediseasedpersons;whileinothereases,theeffectsareveryslight。

  3。Theseeffectswereproducedinmanycasesthatfellunderournotice,inwhichthepersonsoperatedonwereinaweakstateofhealth,bywearinessorennui,bymonotony,andbythepowerofimagination。

  4。Butinmanyothereasestheseeffectswereproduced,andwereclearlynottheresultofwearinessorennui,ofmonotony,orofthepoweroftheimagination。Theywere,therefore,producedbythemagneticprocessesweemployed:——ergo——AnimalMagnetismexists。

  Everyone,whetherabelieverordisbelieverinthedoctrine,mustseethatthewholegistoftheargumentwillbedestroyed,ifitbeprovedthattheeffectswhichthereportersclaimedasresultingfromapowerindependentofweariness,monotony,andtheimagination,did,infact,resultfromthem,andfromnothingelse。Thefollowingareamongtheproofsbroughtforwardtosupporttheexistenceofthemagneticfluid,asproducingthosephenomena:——

  “Achild,twenty-eightmonthsold,wasmagnetisedbyM。Foissac,atthehouseofM。Bourdois。Thechild,aswellasitsfather,wassubjecttoattacksofepilepsy。AlmostimmediatelyafterM。Foissachadbegunhismanipulationsandpasses,thechildrubbeditseyes,bentitsheadtooneside,supporteditononeofthecushionsofthesofawhereitwassitting,yawned,moveditselfabout,scratcheditsheadanditsears,appearedtostriveagainsttheapproachofsleep,andthenrose,ifwemaybeallowedtheexpression,grumbling。Beingtakenawaytosatisfyanecessityofnature,itwasagainplacedonthesofa,andmagnetisedforafewmoments。Butasthereappearednodecidedsymptomsofsomnolencythistime,weterminatedtheexperiment。“

  Andthisinallseriousnessandsobrietywascalledaproofoftheexistenceofthemagneticfluid!Thattheseeffectswerenotproducedbytheimaginationmaybegranted;butthattheywerenotproducedbywearinessandmonotonyisnotsoclear。Achildisseateduponasofa,asolemnlookinggentleman,surroundedbyseveralothersequallygrave,beginstoplayvariousstrangeanticsbeforeit,movinghishandsmysteriously,pointingathishead,allthewhilepreservingamostprovokingsilence。Andwhatdoesthechild?Itrubsitseyes,appearsrestless,yawns,scratchesitshead,grumbles,andmakesanexcusetogetaway。Magnetism,forsooth!’Twasadecidedcaseofbotheration!

  Thenextproofsocalled,thoughnotsoamusing,isequallydecisiveofthemystificationoftheCommissioners。Adeafanddumblad,eighteenyearsofage,andsubjecttoattacksofepilepsy,wasmagnetisedfifteentimesbyM。Foissac。Thephenomenaexhibitedduringthetreatmentwereaheavinessoftheeyelids,ageneralnumbness,adesiretosleep,andsometimesvertigo:——theepilepticattackswereentirelysuspended,anddidnotreturntilleightmonthsafterwards。

  Uponthiscaseandthefirstmentioned,theCommitteereasonedthus:——

  “Thesecasesappeartousaltogetherworthyofremark。Thetwoindividualswhoformedthesubjectoftheexperiment,wereignorantofwhatwasdonetothem。Theone,indeed,wasnotinastatecapableofknowingit;andtheotherneverhadtheslightestideaofmagnetism。

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