第6章
加入书架 A- A+

  Thusthesystemcontinuedtoflourishtillthecommencementoftheyear1720。ThewarningsoftheParliament,thattoogreatacreationofpapermoneywould,soonerorlater,bringthecountrytobankruptcy,weredisregarded。TheRegent,whoknewnothingwhateverofthephilosophyoffinance,thoughtthatasystemwhichhadproducedsuchgoodeffectscouldneverbecarriedtoexcess。Iffivehundredmillionsofpaperhadbeenofsuchadvantage,fivehundredmillionsadditionalwouldbeofstillgreateradvantage。ThiswasthegranderroroftheRegent,andwhichLawdidnotattempttodispel。Theextraordinaryavidityofthepeoplekeptupthedelusion;andthehigherthepriceofIndianandMississippistock,themorebilletsdebanquewereissuedtokeeppacewithit。TheedificethusrearedmightnotunaptlybecomparedtothegorgeouspalaceerectedbyPotemkin,thatprincelybarbarianofRussia,tosurpriseandpleasehisimperialmistress:hugeblocksoficewerepiledoneuponanother;ionicpillars,ofchastestworkmanship,inice,formedanobleportico;andadome,ofthesamematerial,shoneinthesun,whichhadjuststrengthenoughtogild,butnottomeltit。Itglitteredafar,likeapalaceofcrystalsanddiamonds;buttherecameonewarmbreezefromthesouth,andthestatelybuildingdissolvedaway,tillnonewereableeventogatherupthefragments。SowithLawandhispapersystem。Nosoonerdidthebreathofpopularmistrustblowsteadilyuponit,thanitfelltoruins,andnonecouldraiseitupagain。

  Thefirstslightalarmthatwasoccasionedwasearlyin1720。ThePrincedeConti,offendedthatLawshouldhavedeniedhimfreshsharesinIndiastock,athisownprice,senttohisbanktodemandpaymentinspecieofsoenormousaquantityofnotes,thatthreewaggonswererequiredforitstransport。LawcomplainedtotheRegent,andurgedonhisattentionthemischiefthatwouldbedone,ifsuchanexamplefoundmanyimitators。TheRegentwasbuttoowellawareofit,and,sendingforthePrincedeConti,orderedhim,underpenaltyofhishighdispleasure,torefundtotheBanktwo-thirdsofthespeciewhichhehadwithdrawnfromit。ThePrincewasforcedtoobeythedespoticmandate。HappilyforLaw’scredit,DeContiwasanunpopularman:

  everybodycondemnedhismeannessandcupidity,andagreedthatLawhadbeenhardlytreated。Itisstrange,however,thatsonarrowanescapeshouldnothavemadebothLawandtheRegentmoreanxioustorestricttheirissues。Othersweresoonfoundwhoimitated,frommotivesofdistrust,theexamplewhichhadbeensetbyDeContiinrevenge。Themoreacutestockjobbersimaginedjustlythatpricescouldnotcontinuetoriseforever。BourdonandLaRichardiere,renownedfortheirextensiveoperationsinthefunds,quietlyandinsmallquantitiesatatime,convertedtheirnotesintospecie,andsentitawaytoforeigncountries。Theyalsoboughtasmuchastheycouldconvenientlycarryofplateandexpensivejewellery,andsentitsecretlyawaytoEnglandortoHolland。Vermalet,ajobber,whosniffedthecomingstorm,procuredgoldandsilvercointotheamountofnearlyamillionoflivres,whichhepackedinafarmer’scart,andcoveredoverwithhayandcow-dung。Hethendisguisedhimselfinthedirtysmock-frock,orblouse,ofapeasant,anddrovehispreciousloadinsafetyintoBelgium。FromthencehesoonfoundmeanstotransportittoAmsterdam。

  Hithertonodifficultyhadbeenexperiencedbyanyclassinprocuringspeciefortheirwants。Butthissystemcouldnotlongbecarriedonwithoutcausingascarcity。Thevoiceofcomplaintwasheardoneveryside,andinquiriesbeinginstituted,thecausewassoondiscovered。Thecouncildebatedlongontheremediestobetaken,andLaw,beingcalledonforhisadvice,wasofopinion,thatanedictshouldbepublished,depreciatingthevalueofcoinfivepercent。

  belowthatofpaper。Theedictwaspublishedaccordingly;but,failingofitsintendedeffect,wasfollowedbyanother,inwhichthedepreciationwasincreasedtotenpercent。Thepaymentsofthebankwereatthesametimerestrictedtoonehundredlivresingold,andteninsilver。Allthesemeasureswerenugatorytorestoreconfidenceinthepaper,thoughtherestrictionofcashpaymentswithinlimitssoextremelynarrowkeptupthecreditoftheBank。

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