Infact，ashehadgoodsense，andashehadcomparedthetwo，TheodulehadonlyservedtomakehimregretMariusallthemore。
Oneevening，——itwasthe24thofJune，whichdidnotpreventFatherGillenormandhavingarousingfireonthehearth，——hehaddismissedhisdaughter，whowassewinginaneighboringapartment。
Hewasaloneinhischamber，amiditspastoralscenes，withhisfeetproppedontheandirons，halfenvelopedinhishugescreenofcoromandellacquer，withitsnineleaves，withhiselbowrestingonatablewhereburnedtwocandlesunderagreenshade，engulfedinhistapestryarmchair，andinhishandabookwhichhewasnotreading。
Hewasdressed，accordingtohiswont，likeanincroyable，andresembledanantiqueportraitbyGarat。Thiswouldhavemadepeoplerunafterhiminthestreet，hadnothisdaughtercoveredhimup，wheneverhewentout，inavastbishop’swaddedcloak，whichconcealedhisattire。Athome，heneverworeadressinggown，exceptwhenheroseandretired。\"Itgivesonealookofage，\"
saidhe。
FatherGillenormandwasthinkingofMariuslovinglyandbitterly；
and，asusual，bitternesspredominated。Histendernessoncesouredalwaysendedbyboilingandturningtoindignation。
Hehadreachedthepointwhereamantriestomakeuphismindandtoacceptthatwhichrendshisheart。HewasexplainingtohimselfthattherewasnolongeranyreasonwhyMariusshouldreturn，thatifheintendedtoreturn，heshouldhavedoneitlongago，thathemustrenouncetheidea。Hewastryingtoaccustomhimselftothethoughtthatallwasover，andthatheshoulddiewithouthavingbeheld\"thatgentleman\"again。Buthiswholenaturerevolted；
hisagedpaternitywouldnotconsenttothis。\"Well！\"saidhe，——
thiswashisdolefulrefrain，——\"hewillnotreturn！\"Hisbaldheadhadfallenuponhisbreast，andhefixedamelancholyandirritatedgazeupontheashesonhishearth。
Intheverymidstofhisrevery，hisoldservantBasqueentered，andinquired:——
\"CanMonsieurreceiveM。Marius？\"
Theoldmansatuperect，pallid，andlikeacorpsewhichrisesundertheinfluenceofagalvanicshock。Allhisbloodhadretreatedtohisheart。Hestammered:——
\"M。Mariuswhat？\"
\"Idon’tknow，\"repliedBasque，intimidatedandputoutofcountenancebyhismaster’sair；\"Ihavenotseenhim。Nicolettecameinandsaidtome:`There’sayoungmanhere；saythatitisM。Marius。’\"
FatherGillenormandstammeredinalowvoice:——
\"Showhimin。\"
Andheremainedinthesameattitude，withshakinghead，andhiseyesfixedonthedoor。Itopenedoncemore。Ayoungmanentered。
ItwasMarius。
Mariushaltedatthedoor，asthoughwaitingtobebiddentoenter。
Hisalmostsqualidattirewasnotperceptibleintheobscuritycausedbytheshade。Nothingcouldbeseenbuthiscalm，grave，butstrangelysadface。
ItwasseveralminutesbeforeFatherGillenormand，dulledwithamazementandjoy，couldseeanythingexceptabrightnessaswhenoneisinthepresenceofanapparition。Hewasonthepointofswooning；
hesawMariusthroughadazzlinglight。Itcertainlywashe，itcertainlywasMarius。
Atlast！Afterthelapseoffouryears！Hegraspedhimentire，sotospeak，inasingleglance。Hefoundhimnoble，handsome，distinguished，well—grown，acompleteman，withasuitablemienandacharmingair。Hefeltadesiretoopenhisarms，tocallhim，toflinghimselfforward；hisheartmeltedwithrapture，affectionatewordsswelledandoverflowedhisbreast；atlengthallhistendernesscametothelightandreachedhislips，and，byacontrastwhichconstitutedtheveryfoundationofhisnature，whatcameforthwasharshness。Hesaidabruptly:——
\"Whathaveyoucomeherefor？\"
Mariusrepliedwithembarrassment:——
\"Monsieur——\"
M。GillenormandwouldhavelikedtohaveMariusthrowhimselfintohisarms。HewasdispleasedwithMariusandwithhimself。
Hewasconsciousthathewasbrusque，andthatMariuswascold。
Itcausedthegoodmanunendurableandirritatinganxietytofeelsotenderandforlornwithin，andonlytobeabletobehardoutside。
Bitternessreturned。HeinterruptedMariusinapeevishtone:——
\"Thenwhydidyoucome？\"
That\"then\"signified:Ifyoudonotcometoembraceme。
Mariuslookedathisgrandfather，whosepallorgavehimafaceofmarble。
\"Monsieur——\"
\"Haveyoucometobegmypardon？Doyouacknowledgeyourfaults？\"
HethoughthewasputtingMariusontherightroad，andthat\"thechild\"
wouldyield。Mariusshivered；itwasthedenialofhisfatherthatwasrequiredofhim；hedroppedhiseyesandreplied:——
\"No，sir。\"
\"Then，\"exclaimedtheoldmanimpetuously，withagriefthatwaspoignantandfullofwrath，\"whatdoyouwantofme？\"
Mariusclaspedhishands，advancedastep，andsaidinafeebleandtremblingvoice:——
\"Sir，havepityonme。\"
ThesewordstouchedM。Gillenormand；utteredalittlesooner，theywouldhaverenderedhimtender，buttheycametoolate。
Thegrandfatherrose；hesupportedhimselfwithbothhandsonhiscane；
hislipswerewhite，hisbrowwavered，buthisloftyformtoweredaboveMariusashebowed。
\"Pityonyou，sir！Itisyouthdemandingpityoftheoldmanofninety—one！Youareenteringintolife，Iamleavingit；
yougototheplay，toballs，tothecafe，tothebilliard—hall；
youhavewit，youpleasethewomen，youareahandsomefellow；
asforme，Ispitonmybrandsintheheartofsummer；youarerichwiththeonlyrichesthatarereallysuch，Ipossessallthepovertyofage；infirmity，isolation！Youhaveyourthirty—twoteeth，agooddigestion，brighteyes，strength，appetite，health，gayety，aforestofblackhair；Ihavenolongerevenwhitehair，Ihavelostmyteeth，Iamlosingmylegs，Iamlosingmymemory；
therearethreenamesofstreetsthatIconfoundincessantly，theRueCharlot，theRueduChaume，andtheRueSaint—Claude，thatiswhatIhavecometo；youhavebeforeyouthewholefuture，fullofsunshine，andIambeginningtolosemysight，sofaramIadvancingintothenight；youareinlove，thatisamatterofcourse，Iambelovedbynooneinalltheworld；andyouaskpityofme！Parbleu！Moliereforgotthat。Ifthatisthewayyoujestatthecourthouse，Messieursthelawyers，Isincerelycomplimentyou。
Youaredroll。\"
Andtheoctogenarianwentoninagraveandangryvoice:——
\"Come，now，whatdoyouwantofme？\"
\"Sir，\"saidMarius，\"Iknowthatmypresenceisdispleasingtoyou，butIhavecomemerelytoaskonethingofyou，andthenIshallgoawayimmediately。\"
\"Youareafool！\"saidtheoldman。\"Whosaidthatyouweretogoaway？\"
Thiswasthetranslationofthetenderwordswhichlayatthebottomofhisheart:——
\"Askmypardon！Throwyourselfonmyneck！\"
M。GillenormandfeltthatMariuswouldleavehiminafewmoments，thathisharshreceptionhadrepelledthelad，thathishardnesswasdrivinghimaway；hesaidallthistohimself，anditaugmentedhisgrief；
andashisgriefwasstraightwayconvertedintowrath，itincreasedhisharshness。HewouldhavelikedtohaveMariusunderstand，andMariusdidnotunderstand，whichmadethegoodmanfurious。
Hebeganagain:——
\"What！youdesertedme，yourgrandfather，youleftmyhousetogonooneknowswhither，youdroveyouraunttodespair，youwentoff，itiseasilyguessed，toleadabachelorlife；it’smoreconvenient，toplaythedandy，tocomeinatallhours，toamuseyourself；
youhavegivenmenosignsoflife，youhavecontracteddebtswithouteventellingmetopaythem，youhavebecomeasmasherofwindowsandablusterer，and，attheendoffouryears，youcometome，andthatisallyouhavetosaytome！\"
ThisviolentfashionofdrivingagrandsontotendernesswasproductiveonlyofsilenceonthepartofMarius。M。Gillenormandfoldedhisarms；agesturewhichwithhimwaspeculiarlyimperious，andapostrophizedMariusbitterly:——
\"Letusmakeanendofthis。Youhavecometoasksomethingofme，yousay？Well，what？Whatisit？Speak！\"
\"Sir，\"saidMarius，withthelookofamanwhofeelsthatheisfallingoveraprecipice，\"Ihavecometoaskyourpermissiontomarry。\"
M。Gillenormandrangthebell。Basqueopenedthedoorhalf—way。
\"Callmydaughter。\"
Asecondlater，thedoorwasopenedoncemore，MademoiselleGillenormanddidnotenter，butshowedherself；Mariuswasstanding，mute，withpendantarmsandthefaceofacriminal；M。Gillenormandwaspacingbackandforthintheroom。Heturnedtohisdaughterandsaidtoher:——
\"Nothing。ItisMonsieurMarius。Saygooddaytohim。
Monsieurwishestomarry。That’sall。Goaway。\"
Thecurt，hoarsesoundoftheoldman’svoiceannouncedastrangedegreeofexcitement。TheauntgazedatMariuswithafrightenedair，hardlyappearedtorecognizehim，didnotallowagestureorasyllabletoescapeher，anddisappearedatherfather’sbreathmoreswiftlythanastrawbeforethehurricane。
Inthemeantime，FatherGillenormandhadreturnedandplacedhisbackagainstthechimney—pieceoncemore。
\"Youmarry！Atoneandtwenty！Youhavearrangedthat！Youhaveonlyapermissiontoask！aformality。Sitdown，sir。Well，youhavehadarevolutionsinceIhadthehonortoseeyoulast。
TheJacobinsgottheupperhand。Youmusthavebeendelighted。
AreyounotaRepublicansinceyouareaBaron？Youcanmakethatagree。TheRepublicmakesagoodsauceforthebarony。
AreyouoneofthosedecoratedbyJuly？HaveyoutakentheLouvreatall，sir？Quitenearhere，intheRueSaint—Antoine，oppositetheRuedesNonamdieres，thereisacannon—ballincrustedinthewallofthethirdstoryofahousewiththisinscription:
`July28th，1830。’Gotakealookatthat。Itproducesagoodeffect。
Ah！thosefriendsofyoursdoprettythings。Bytheway，aren’ttheyerectingafountainintheplaceofthemonumentofM。leDucdeBerry？
Soyouwanttomarry？Whom？Canoneinquirewithoutindiscretion？\"
Hepaused，and，beforeMariushadtimetoanswer，headdedviolently:——
\"Comenow，youhaveaprofession？Afortunemade？Howmuchdoyouearnatyourtradeoflawyer？\"
\"Nothing，\"saidMarius，withasortoffirmnessandresolutionthatwasalmostfierce。
\"Nothing？ThenallthatyouhavetoliveuponisthetwelvehundredlivresthatIallowyou？\"
Mariusdidnotreply。M。Gillenormandcontinued:——
\"ThenIunderstandthegirlisrich？\"
\"AsrichasIam。\"
\"What！Nodowry？\"
\"No。\"
\"Expectations？\"
\"Ithinknot。\"
\"Utterlynaked！What’sthefather？\"
\"Idon’tknow。\"
\"Andwhat’shername？\"
\"MademoiselleFauchelevent。\"
\"Fauchewhat？\"
\"Fauchelevent。\"
\"Pttt！\"ejaculatedtheoldgentleman。
\"Sir！\"exclaimedMarius。
M。Gillenormandinterruptedhimwiththetoneofamanwhoisspeakingtohimself:——
\"That’sright，oneandtwentyyearsofage，noprofession，twelvehundredlivresayear，MadamelaBaronnedePontmercywillgoandpurchaseacoupleofsous’worthofparsleyfromthefruiterer。\"
\"Sir，\"repeatedMarius，inthedespairatthelasthope，whichwasvanishing，\"Ientreatyou！IconjureyouinthenameofHeaven，withclaspedhands，sir，Ithrowmyselfatyourfeet，permitmetomarryher！\"
Theoldmanburstintoashoutofstridentandmournfullaughter，coughingandlaughingatthesametime。
\"Ah！ah！ah！Yousaidtoyourself:`Pardine！I’llgohuntupthatoldblockhead，thatabsurdnumskull！WhatashamethatI’mnottwenty—five！HowI’dtreathimtoanicerespectfulsummons！
HownicelyI’dgetalongwithouthim！It’snothingtome，I’dsaytohim:\"You’reonlytoohappytoseeme，youoldidiot，Iwanttomarry，IdesiretowedMamselleNo—matter—whom，daughterofMonsieurNo—matter—what，Ihavenoshoes，shehasnochemise，thatjustsuits；Iwanttothrowmycareer，myfuture，myyouth，mylifetothedogs；Iwishtotakeaplungeintowretchednesswithawomanaroundmyneck，that’sanidea，andyoumustconsenttoit！\"
andtheoldfossilwillconsent。’Go，mylad，doasyoulike，attachyourpaving—stone，marryyourPousselevent，yourCoupelevent——
Never，sir，never！\"
\"Father——\"
\"Never！\"
Atthetoneinwhichthat\"never\"wasuttered，Mariuslostallhope。
Hetraversedthechamberwithslowsteps，withbowedhead，totteringandmorelikeadyingmanthanlikeonemerelytakinghisdeparture。
M。Gillenormandfollowedhimwithhiseyes，andatthemomentwhenthedooropened，andMariuswasonthepointofgoingout，headvancedfourpaces，withthesenilevivacityofimpetuousandspoiledoldgentlemen，seizedMariusbythecollar，broughthimbackenergeticallyintotheroom，flunghimintoanarmchairandsaidtohim:——
\"Tellmeallaboutit！\"
\"Itwasthatsingleword\"father\"whichhadeffectedthisrevolution。
Mariusstaredathiminbewilderment。M。Gillenormand’smobilefacewasnolongerexpressiveofanythingbutroughandineffablegood—nature。Thegrandsirehadgivenwaybeforethegrandfather。
\"Come，seehere，speak，tellmeaboutyourloveaffairs，jabber，tellmeeverything！Sapristi！howstupidyoungfolksare！\"
\"Father——\"repeatedMarius。
Theoldman’sentirecountenancelightedupwithindescribableradiance。
\"Yes，that’sright，callmefather，andyou’llsee！\"
Therewasnowsomethingsokind，sogentle，soopenhearted，andsopaternalinthisbrusqueness，thatMarius，inthesuddentransitionfromdiscouragementtohope，wasstunnedandintoxicatedbyit，asitwere。Hewasseatednearthetable，thelightfromthecandlesbroughtoutthedilapidationofhiscostume，whichFatherGillenormandregardedwithamazement。
\"Well，father——\"saidMarius。
\"Ah，bytheway，\"interruptedM。Gillenormand，\"youreallyhavenotapennythen？Youaredressedlikeapickpocket。\"
Herummagedinadrawer，drewforthapurse，whichhelaidonthetable:\"Hereareahundredlouis，buyyourselfahat。\"
\"Father，\"pursuedMarius，\"mygoodfather，ifyouonlyknew！Iloveher。
Youcannotimagineit；thefirsttimeIsawherwasattheLuxembourg，shecamethere；inthebeginning，Ididnotpaymuchheedtoher，andthen，Idon’tknowhowitcameabout，Ifellinlovewithher。
Oh！howunhappythatmademe！Now，atlast，Iseehereveryday，atherownhome，herfatherdoesnotknowit，justfancy，theyaregoingaway，itisinthegardenthatwemeet，intheevening，herfathermeanstotakehertoEngland，thenIsaidtomyself:
`I’llgoandseemygrandfatherandtellhimallabouttheaffair。
Ishouldgomadfirst，Ishoulddie，Ishouldfallill，Ishouldthrowmyselfintothewater。Iabsolutelymustmarryher，sinceIshouldgomadotherwise。’Thisisthewholetruth，andI
donotthinkthatIhaveomittedanything。Shelivesinagardenwithanironfence，intheRuePlumet。ItisintheneighborhoodoftheInvalides。\"
FatherGillenormandhadseatedhimself，withabeamingcountenance，besideMarius。Ashelistenedtohimanddrankinthesoundofhisvoice，heenjoyedatthesametimeaprotractedpinchofsnuff。
Atthewords\"RuePlumet\"heinterruptedhisinhalationandallowedtheremainderofhissnufftofalluponhisknees。
\"TheRuePlumet，theRuePlumet，didyousay？——Letussee！——Aretherenotbarracksinthatvicinity？——Why，yes，that’sit。YourcousinTheodulehasspokentomeaboutit。Thelancer，theofficer。
Agaygirl，mygoodfriend，agaygirl！——Pardieu，yes，theRuePlumet。
ItiswhatusedtobecalledtheRueBlomet。——Itallcomesbacktomenow。IhaveheardofthatlittlegirloftheironrailingintheRuePlumet。Inagarden，aPamela。Yourtasteisnotbad。
Sheissaidtobeaverytidycreature。Betweenourselves，Ithinkthatsimpletonofalancerhasbeencourtingherabit。
Idon’tknowwherehedidit。However，that’snottothepurpose。
Besides，heisnottobebelieved。Hebrags，Marius！Ithinkitquiteproperthatayoungmanlikeyoushouldbeinlove。
It’stherightthingatyourage。IlikeyoubetterasaloverthanasaJacobin。Ilikeyoubetterinlovewithapetticoat，sapristi！withtwentypetticoats，thanwithM。deRobespierre。
Formypart，Iwilldomyselfthejusticetosay，thatinthelineofsans—culottes，Ihaveneverlovedanyonebutwomen。Prettygirlsareprettygirls，thedeuce！There’snoobjectiontothat。Asforthelittleone，shereceivesyouwithoutherfather’sknowledge。
That’sintheestablishedorderofthings。Ihavehadadventuresofthatsamesortmyself。Morethanone。Doyouknowwhatisdonethen？
Onedoesnottakethematterferociously；onedoesnotprecipitatehimselfintothetragic；onedoesnotmakeone’smindtomarriageandM。leMairewithhisscarf。Onesimplybehaveslikeafellowofspirit。Oneshowsgoodsense。Slipalong，mortals；don’tmarry。
Youcomeandlookupyourgrandfather，whoisagood—naturedfellowatbottom，andwhoalwayshasafewrollsoflouisinanolddrawer；
yousaytohim:`Seehere，grandfather。’Andthegrandfathersays:
`That’sasimplematter。Youthmustamuseitself，andoldagemustwearout。Ihavebeenyoung，youwillbeold。Come，myboy，youshallpassitontoyourgrandson。Herearetwohundredpistoles。
Amuseyourself，deucetakeit！’Nothingbetter！That’sthewaytheaffairshouldbetreated。Youdon’tmarry，butthatdoesnoharm。
Youunderstandme？\"
Marius，petrifiedandincapableofutteringasyllable，madeasignwithhisheadthathedidnot。
Theoldmanburstoutlaughing，winkedhisagedeye，gavehimaslapontheknee，staredhimfullinthefacewithamysteriousandbeamingair，andsaidtohim，withthetenderestofshrugsoftheshoulder:——
\"Booby！makeheryourmistress。\"
Mariusturnedpale。Hehadunderstoodnothingofwhathisgrandfatherhadjustsaid。ThistwaddleabouttheRueBlomet，Pamela，thebarracks，thelancer，hadpassedbeforeMariuslikeadissolvingview。
NothingofallthatcouldbearanyreferencetoCosette，whowasalily。Thegoodmanwaswanderinginhismind。ButthiswanderingterminatedinwordswhichMariusdidunderstand，andwhichwereamortalinsulttoCosette。Thosewords，\"makeheryourmistress，\"
enteredtheheartofthestrictyoungmanlikeasword。
Herose，pickeduphishatwhichlayonthefloor，andwalkedtothedoorwithafirm，assuredstep。Thereheturnedround，boweddeeplytohisgrandfather，raisedhisheaderectagain，andsaid:——
\"Fiveyearsagoyouinsultedmyfather；to—dayyouhaveinsultedmywife。Iasknothingmoreofyou，sir。Farewell。\"
FatherGillenormand，utterlyconfounded，openedhismouth，extendedhisarms，triedtorise，andbeforehecouldutteraword，thedoorclosedoncemore，andMariushaddisappeared。
Theoldmanremainedforseveralminutesmotionlessandasthoughstruckbylightning，withoutthepowertospeakorbreathe，asthoughaclenchedfistgraspedhisthroat。Atlasthetorehimselffromhisarm—chair，ran，sofarasamancanrunatninety—one，tothedoor，openedit，andcried:——
\"Help！Help！\"
Hisdaughtermadeherappearance，thenthedomestics。Hebeganagain，withapitifulrattle:\"Runafterhim！Bringhimback！WhathaveI
donetohim？Heismad！Heisgoingaway！Ah！myGod！Ah！myGod！
Thistimehewillnotcomeback！\"
Hewenttothewindowwhichlookedoutonthestreet，threwitopenwithhisagedandpalsiedhands，leanedoutmorethanhalf—way，whileBasqueandNicoletteheldhimbehind，andshouted:——
\"Marius！Marius！Marius！Marius！\"
ButMariuscouldnolongerhearhim，foratthatmomenthewasturningthecorneroftheRueSaint—Louis。
Theoctogenarianraisedhishandstohistemplestwoorthreetimeswithanexpressionofanguish，recoiledtottering，andfellbackintoanarm—chair，pulseless，voiceless，tearless，withquiveringheadandlipswhichmovedwithastupidair，withnothinginhiseyesandnothinganylongerinhisheartexceptagloomyandprofoundsomethingwhichresemblednight。
BOOKNINTH。——WHITHERARETHEYGOING？
CHAPTERI
JEANVALJEAN
Thatsameday，towardsfouro’clockintheafternoon，JeanValjeanwassittingaloneonthebacksideofoneofthemostsolitaryslopesintheChamp—de—Mars。Eitherfromprudence，orfromadesiretomeditate，orsimplyinconsequenceofoneofthoseinsensiblechangesofhabitwhichgraduallyintroducethemselvesintotheexistenceofeveryone，henowrarelywentoutwithCosette。
Hehadonhisworkman’swaistcoat，andtrousersofgraylinen；
andhislong—visoredcapconcealedhiscountenance。
HewascalmandhappynowbesideCosette；thatwhichhad，foratime，alarmedandtroubledhimhadbeendissipated；butforthelastweekortwo，anxietiesofanothernaturehadcomeup。Oneday，whilewalkingontheboulevard，hehadcaughtsightofThenardier；
thankstohisdisguise，Thenardierhadnotrecognizedhim；butsincethatday，JeanValjeanhadseenhimrepeatedly，andhewasnowcertainthatThenardierwasprowlingaboutintheirneighborhood。
Thishadbeensufficienttomakehimcometoadecision。
Moreover，Pariswasnottranquil:politicaltroublespresentedthisinconvenientfeature，foranyonewhohadanythingtoconcealinhislife，thatthepolicehadgrownveryuneasyandverysuspicious，andthatwhileseekingtoferretoutamanlikePepinorMorey，theymightveryreadilydiscoveramanlikeJeanValjean。
JeanValjeanhadmadeuphismindtoquitParis，andevenFrance，andgoovertoEngland。
HehadwarnedCosette。Hewishedtosetoutbeforetheendoftheweek。
HehadseatedhimselfontheslopeintheChamp—de—Mars，turningoverallsortsofthoughtsinhismind，——Thenardier，thepolice，thejourney，andthedifficultyofprocuringapassport。
Hewastroubledfromallthesepointsofview。
Lastofall，aninexplicablecircumstancewhichhadjustattractedhisattention，andfromwhichhehadnotyetrecovered，hadaddedtohisstateofalarm。
Onthemorningofthatveryday，whenhealoneofthehouseholdwasstirring，whilestrollinginthegardenbeforeCosette’sshutterswereopen，hehadsuddenlyperceivedonthewall，thefollowingline，engraved，probablywithanail:——
16RuedelaVerrerie。
Thiswasperfectlyfresh，thegroovesintheancientblackmortarwerewhite，atuftofnettlesatthefootofthewallwaspowderedwiththefine，freshplaster。
Thishadprobablybeenwrittenontheprecedingnight。
Whatwasthis？Asignalforothers？Awarningforhimself？
Inanycase，itwasevidentthatthegardenhadbeenviolated，andthatstrangershadmadetheirwayintoit。
Herecalledtheoddincidentswhichhadalreadyalarmedthehousehold。
Hismindwasnowfillinginthiscanvas。
HetookgoodcarenottospeaktoCosetteofthelinewrittenonthewall，forfearofalarmingher。
Inthemidstofhispreoccupations，heperceived，fromashadowcastbythesun，thatsomeonehadhaltedonthecrestoftheslopeimmediatelybehindhim。
Hewasonthepointofturninground，whenapaperfoldedinfourfelluponhiskneesasthoughahandhaddroppeditoverhishead。
Hetookthepaper，unfoldedit，andreadthesewordswritteninlargecharacters，withapencil:——
\"MOVEAWAYFROMYOURHOUSE。\"
JeanValjeanspranghastilytohisfeet；therewasnooneontheslope；
hegazedallaroundhimandperceivedacreaturelargerthanachild，notsolargeasaman，cladinagrayblouseandtrousersofdust—coloredcottonvelvet，whowasjumpingovertheparapetandwhoslippedintothemoatoftheChampde—Mars。
JeanValjeanreturnedhomeatonce，inaverythoughtfulmood。
CHAPTERII
MARIUS
MariushadleftM。Gillenormandindespair。Hehadenteredthehousewithverylittlehope，andquitteditwithimmensedespair。
However，andthosewhohaveobservedthedepthsofthehumanheartwillunderstandthis，theofficer，thelancer，theninny，CousinTheodule，hadleftnotraceinhismind。Nottheslightest。
Thedramaticpoetmight，apparently，expectsomecomplicationsfromthisrevelationmadepoint—blankbythegrandfathertothegrandson。
Butwhatthedramawouldgainthereby，truthwouldlose。
Mariuswasatanagewhenonebelievesnothinginthelineofevil；
lateroncomestheagewhenonebelieveseverything。Suspicionsarenothingelsethanwrinkles。Earlyyouthhasnoneofthem。
ThatwhichoverwhelmedOthelloglidesinnocuousoverCandide。
SuspectCosette！TherearehostsofcrimeswhichMariuscouldsoonerhavecommitted。
Hebegantowanderaboutthestreets，theresourceofthosewhosuffer。
Hethoughtofnothing，sofarashecouldafterwardsremember。
Attwoo’clockinthemorninghereturnedtoCourfeyrac’squartersandflunghimself，withoutundressing，onhismattress。Thesunwasshiningbrightlywhenhesankintothatfrightfulleadenslumberwhichpermitsideastogoandcomeinthebrain。Whenheawoke，hesawCourfeyrac，Enjolras，Feuilly，andCombeferrestandingintheroomwiththeirhatsonandallreadytogoout。
Courfeyracsaidtohim:——
\"AreyoucomingtoGeneralLamarque’sfuneral？\"
ItseemedtohimthatCourfeyracwasspeakingChinese。
Hewentoutsometimeafterthem。HeputinhispocketthepistolswhichJaverthadgivenhimatthetimeoftheadventureonthe3dofFebruary，andwhichhadremainedinhishands。Thesepistolswerestillloaded。Itwouldbedifficulttosaywhatvaguethoughthehadinhismindwhenhetookthemwithhim。
Alldaylongheprowledabout，withoutknowingwherehewasgoing；
itrainedattimes，hedidnotperceiveit；forhisdinner，hepurchasedapennyrollatabaker’s，putitinhispocketandforgotit。
ItappearsthathetookabathintheSeinewithoutbeingawareofit。
Therearemomentswhenamanhasafurnacewithinhisskull。
Mariuswaspassingthroughoneofthosemoments。Henolongerhopedforanything；thisstephehadtakensincetheprecedingevening。
Hewaitedfornightwithfeverishimpatience，hehadbutoneideaclearlybeforehismind；——thiswas，thatatnineo’clockheshouldseeCosette。Thislasthappinessnowconstitutedhiswholefuture；
afterthat，gloom。Atintervals，asheroamedthroughthemostdesertedboulevards，itseemedtohimthatheheardstrangenoisesinParis。
Hethrusthisheadoutofhisreveryandsaid:\"Istherefightingonhand？\"
Atnightfall，atnineo’clockprecisely，ashehadpromisedCosette，hewasintheRuePlumet。Whenheapproachedthegratingheforgoteverything。Itwasforty—eighthourssincehehadseenCosette；
hewasabouttobeholdheroncemore；everyotherthoughtwaseffaced，andhefeltonlyaprofoundandunheard—ofjoy。Thoseminutesinwhichonelivescenturiesalwayshavethissovereignandwonderfulproperty，thatatthemomentwhentheyarepassingtheyfilltheheartcompletely。
Mariusdisplacedthebar，andrushedheadlongintothegarden。
Cosettewasnotatthespotwheresheordinarilywaitedforhim。
Hetraversedthethicket，andapproachedtherecessneartheflightofsteps:\"Sheiswaitingformethere，\"saidhe。Cosettewasnotthere。Heraisedhiseyes，andsawthattheshuttersofthehousewereclosed。Hemadethetourofthegarden，thegardenwasdeserted。
Thenhereturnedtothehouse，and，renderedsenselessbylove，intoxicated，terrified，exasperatedwithgriefanduneasiness，likeamasterwhoreturnshomeatanevilhour，hetappedontheshutters。Heknockedandknockedagain，attheriskofseeingthewindowopen，andherfather’sgloomyfacemakeitsappearance，anddemand:\"Whatdoyouwant？\"Thiswasnothingincomparisonwithwhathedimlycaughtaglimpseof。Whenhehadrapped，helifteduphisvoiceandcalledCosette。——\"Cosette！\"hecried；
\"Cosette！\"herepeatedimperiously。Therewasnoreply。Allwasover。
Nooneinthegarden；nooneinthehouse。
Mariusfixedhisdespairingeyesonthatdismalhouse，whichwasasblackandassilentasatombandfarmoreempty。HegazedatthestoneseatonwhichhehadpassedsomanyadorablehourswithCosette。
Thenheseatedhimselfontheflightofsteps，hisheartfilledwithsweetnessandresolution，heblessedhisloveinthedepthsofhisthought，andhesaidtohimselfthat，sinceCosettewasgone，allthattherewasleftforhimwastodie。
Allatonceheheardavoicewhichseemedtoproceedfromthestreet，andwhichwascallingtohimthroughthetrees:——
\"Mr。Marius！\"
Hestartedtohisfeet。
\"Hey？\"saidhe。
\"Mr。Marius，areyouthere？\"
\"Yes。\"
\"Mr。Marius，\"wentonthevoice，\"yourfriendsarewaitingforyouatthebarricadeoftheRuedelaChanvrerie。\"
Thisvoicewasnotwhollyunfamiliartohim。Itresembledthehoarse，roughvoiceofEponine。Mariushastenedtothegate，thrustasidethemovablebar，passedhisheadthroughtheaperture，andsawsomeonewhoappearedtohimtobeayoungman，disappearingatarunintothegloom。
CHAPTERIII
M。MABEUF
JeanValjean’spursewasofnousetoM。Mabeuf。M。Mabeuf，inhisvenerable，infantileausterity，hadnotacceptedthegiftofthestars；hehadnotadmittedthatastarcouldcoinitselfintolouisd’or。HehadnotdivinedthatwhathadfallenfromheavenhadcomefromGavroche。Hehadtakenthepursetothepolicecommissionerofthequarter，asalostarticleplacedbythefinderatthedisposalofclaimants。Thepursewasactuallylost。
Itisunnecessarytosaythatnooneclaimedit，andthatitdidnotsuccorM。Mabeuf。
Moreover，M。Mabeufhadcontinuedhisdownwardcourse。
HisexperimentsonindigohadbeennomoresuccessfulintheJardindesPlantesthaninhisgardenatAusterlitz。Theyearbeforehehadowedhishousekeeper’swages；now，aswehaveseen，heowedthreequartersofhisrent。ThepawnshophadsoldtheplatesofhisFloraaftertheexpirationofthirteenmonths。
Somecoppersmithhadmadestewpansofthem。Hiscopperplatesgone，andbeingunabletocompleteeventheincompletecopiesofhisFlorawhichwereinhispossession，hehaddisposedofthetext，atamiserableprice，aswastepaper，toasecond—handbookseller。
Nothingnowremainedtohimofhislife’swork。Hesettoworktoeatupthemoneyforthesecopies。Whenhesawthatthiswretchedresourcewasbecomingexhausted，hegaveuphisgardenandallowedittoruntowaste。Beforethis，alongtimebefore，hehadgivenuphistwoeggsandthemorselofbeefwhichheatefromtimetotime。Hedinedonbreadandpotatoes。Hehadsoldthelastofhisfurniture，thenallduplicatesofhisbedding，hisclothingandhisblankets，thenhisherbariumsandprints；
buthestillretainedhismostpreciousbooks，manyofwhichwereofthegreatestrarity，amongothers，LesQuadrinsHistoriquesdelaBible，editionof1560；LaConcordancedesBibles，byPierredeBesse；LesMargueritesdelaMarguerite，ofJeandeLaHaye，withadedicationtotheQueenofNavarre；thebookdelaChargeetDignitedel’Ambassadeur，bytheSieurdeVilliersHotman；
aFlorilegiumRabbinicumof1644；aTibullusof1567，withthismagnificentinscription:Venetiis，inaedibusManutianis；andlastly，aDiogenesLaertius，printedatLyonsin1644，whichcontainedthefamousvariantofthemanuscript411，thirteenthcentury，oftheVatican，andthoseofthetwomanuscriptsofVenice，393and394，consultedwithsuchfruitfulresultsbyHenriEstienne，andallthepassagesinDoricdialectwhichareonlyfoundinthecelebratedmanuscriptofthetwelfthcenturybelongingtotheNaplesLibrary。M。Mabeufneverhadanyfireinhischamber，andwenttobedatsundown，inordernottoconsumeanycandles。
Itseemedasthoughhehadnolongeranyneighbors:peopleavoidedhimwhenhewentout；heperceivedthefact。Thewretchednessofachildinterestsamother，thewretchednessofayoungmaninterestsayounggirl，thewretchednessofanoldmaninterestsnoone。
Itis，ofalldistresses，thecoldest。Still，FatherMabeufhadnotentirelylosthischildlikeserenity。Hiseyesacquiredsomevivacitywhentheyrestedonhisbooks，andhesmiledwhenhegazedattheDiogenesLaertius，whichwasauniquecopy。Hisbookcasewithglassdoorswastheonlypieceoffurniturewhichhehadkeptbeyondwhatwasstrictlyindispensable。
Oneday，MotherPlutarquesaidtohim:——
\"Ihavenomoneytobuyanydinner。\"
Whatshecalleddinnerwasaloafofbreadandfourorfivepotatoes。
\"Oncredit？\"suggestedM。Mabeuf。
\"Youknowwellthatpeoplerefuseme。\"
M。Mabeufopenedhisbookcase，tookalonglookatallhisbooks，oneafteranother，asafatherobligedtodecimatehischildrenwouldgazeuponthembeforemakingachoice，thenseizedonehastily，putitinunderhisarmandwentout。Hereturnedtwohourslater，withoutanythingunderhisarm，laidthirtysousonthetable，andsaid:——
\"Youwillgetsomethingfordinner。\"
Fromthatmomentforth，MotherPlutarquesawasombreveil，whichwasnevermorelifted，descendovertheoldman’scandidface。
Onthefollowingday，onthedayafter，andonthedayafterthat，ithadtobedoneagain。
M。Mabeufwentoutwithabookandreturnedwithacoin。
Asthesecond—handdealersperceivedthathewasforcedtosell，theypurchasedofhimfortwentysousthatforwhichhehadpaidtwentyfrancs，sometimesatthoseveryshops。Volumebyvolume，thewholelibrarywentthesameroad。Hesaidattimes:\"ButI
ameighty；\"asthoughhecherishedsomesecrethopethatheshouldarriveattheendofhisdaysbeforereachingtheendofhisbooks。
Hismelancholyincreased。Once，however，hehadapleasure。
HehadgoneoutwithaRobertEstienne，whichhehadsoldforthirty—fivesousundertheQuaiMalaquais，andhereturnedwithanAlduswhichhehadboughtforfortysousintheRuedesGres。——\"I
owefivesous，\"hesaid，beamingonMotherPlutarque。Thatdayhehadnodinner。
HebelongedtotheHorticulturalSociety。Hisdestitutionbecameknownthere。Thepresidentofthesocietycametoseehim，promisedtospeaktotheMinisterofAgricultureandCommerceabouthim，anddidso。——\"Why，what！\"exclaimedtheMinister，\"Ishouldthinkso！Anoldsavant！abotanist！aninoffensiveman！
Somethingmustbedoneforhim！\"Onthefollowingday，M。MabeufreceivedaninvitationtodinewiththeMinister。Tremblingwithjoy，heshowedthelettertoMotherPlutarque。\"Wearesaved！\"saidhe。
Onthedayappointed，hewenttotheMinister’shouse。Heperceivedthathisraggedcravat，hislong，squarecoat，andhiswaxedshoesastonishedtheushers。Noonespoketohim，noteventheMinister。
Aboutteno’clockintheevening，whilehewasstillwaitingforaword，heheardtheMinister’swife，abeautifulwomaninalow—neckedgownwhomhehadnotventuredtoapproach，inquire:
\"Whoisthatoldgentleman？\"Hereturnedhomeonfootatmidnight，inadrivingrain—storm。HehadsoldanElzevirtopayforacarriageinwhichtogothither。
HehadacquiredthehabitofreadingafewpagesinhisDiogenesLaertiuseverynight，beforehewenttobed。HeknewenoughGreektoenjoythepeculiaritiesofthetextwhichheowned。
Hehadnownootherenjoyment。Severalweekspassed。Allatonce，MotherPlutarquefellill。Thereisonethingsadderthanhavingnomoneywithwhichtobuybreadatthebaker’sandthatishavingnomoneytopurchasedrugsattheapothecary’s。Oneevening，thedoctorhadorderedaveryexpensivepotion。Andthemaladywasgrowingworse；anursewasrequired。M。Mabeufopenedhisbookcase；
therewasnothingthere。Thelastvolumehadtakenitsdeparture。
AllthatwaslefttohimwasDiogenesLaertius。Heputthisuniquecopyunderhisarm，andwentout。Itwasthe4thofJune，1832；
hewenttothePorteSaint—Jacques，toRoyal’ssuccessor，andreturnedwithonehundredfrancs。Helaidthepileoffive—francpiecesontheoldserving—woman’snightstand，andreturnedtohischamberwithoutsayingaword。
Onthefollowingmorning，atdawn，heseatedhimselfontheoverturnedpostinhisgarden，andhecouldbeseenoverthetopofthehedge，sittingthewholemorningmotionless，withdroopinghead，hiseyesvaguelyfixedonthewitheredflower—beds。Itrainedatintervals；
theoldmandidnotseemtoperceivethefact。
Intheafternoon，extraordinarynoisesbrokeoutinParis。
Theyresembledshotsandtheclamorsofamultitude。
FatherMabeufraisedhishead。Hesawagardenerpassing，andinquired:——
\"Whatisit？\"
Thegardener，spadeonback，repliedinthemostunconcernedtone:——
\"Itistheriots。\"
\"Whatriots？\"
\"Yes，theyarefighting。\"
\"Whyaretheyfighting？\"
\"Ah，goodHeavens！\"ejaculatedthegardener。
\"Inwhatdirection？\"wentonM。Mabeuf。
\"IntheneighborhoodoftheArsenal。\"
FatherMabeufwenttohisroom，tookhishat，mechanicallysoughtforabooktoplaceunderhisarm，foundnone，said:\"Ah！truly！\"
andwentoffwithabewilderedair。
BOOKTENTH。——THE5THOFJUNE，1832
CHAPTERI
THESURFACEOFTHEQUESTION
Ofwhatisrevoltcomposed？Ofnothingandofeverything。
Ofanelectricitydisengaged，littlebylittle，ofaflamesuddenlydartingforth，ofawanderingforce，ofapassingbreath。
Thisbreathencountersheadswhichspeak，brainswhichdream，soulswhichsuffer，passionswhichburn，wretchednesswhichhowls，andbearsthemaway。
Whither？
Atrandom。Athwartthestate，thelaws，athwartprosperityandtheinsolenceofothers。
Irritatedconvictions，embitteredenthusiasms，agitatedindignations，instinctsofwarwhichhavebeenrepressed，youthfulcouragewhichhasbeenexalted，generousblindness；curiosity，thetasteforchange，thethirstfortheunexpected，thesentimentwhichcausesonetotakepleasureinreadingthepostersforthenewplay，andlove，theprompter’swhistle，atthetheatre；thevaguehatreds，rancors，disappointments，everyvanitywhichthinksthatdestinyhasbankruptedit；discomfort，emptydreams，ambitiousthatarehedgedabout，whoeverhopesforadownfall，someoutcome，inshort，attheverybottom，therabble，thatmudwhichcatchesfire，——
sucharetheelementsofrevolt。Thatwhichisgrandestandthatwhichisbasest；thebeingswhoprowloutsideofallbounds，awaitinganoccasion，bohemians，vagrants，vagabondsofthecross—roads，thosewhosleepatnightinadesertofhouseswithnootherroofthanthecoldcloudsofheaven，thosewho，eachday，demandtheirbreadfromchanceandnotfromtoil，theunknownofpovertyandnothingness，thebare—armed，thebare—footed，belongtorevolt。Whoevercherishesinhissoulasecretrevoltagainstanydeedwhateveronthepartofthestate，oflifeoroffate，isripeforriot，and，assoonasitmakesitsappearance，hebeginstoquiver，andtofeelhimselfborneawaywiththewhirlwind。
Revoltisasortofwaterspoutinthesocialatmospherewhichformssuddenlyincertainconditionsoftemperature，andwhich，asiteddiesabout，mounts，descends，thunders，tears，razes，crushes，demolishes，uproots，bearingwithitgreatnaturesandsmall，thestrongmanandthefeeblemind，thetreetrunkandthestalkofstraw。Woetohimwhomitbearsawayaswellastohimwhomitstrikes！Itbreakstheoneagainsttheother。
Itcommunicatestothosewhomitseizesanindescribableandextraordinarypower。Itfillsthefirst—comerwiththeforceofevents；itconvertseverythingintoprojectiles。
Itmakesacannon—ballofaroughstone，andageneralofaporter。
Ifwearetobelievecertainoraclesofcraftypoliticalviews，alittlerevoltisdesirablefromthepointofviewofpower。System:
revoltstrengthensthosegovernmentswhichitdoesnotoverthrow。
Itputsthearmytothetest；itconsecratesthebourgeoisie，itdrawsoutthemusclesofthepolice；itdemonstratestheforceofthesocialframework。Itisanexerciseingymnastics；
itisalmosthygiene。Powerisinbetterhealthafterarevolt，asamanisafteragoodrubbingdown。
Revolt，thirtyyearsago，wasregardedfromstillotherpointsofview。
Thereisforeverythingatheory，whichproclaimsitself\"goodsense\"；
PhilintusagainstAlcestis；mediationofferedbetweenthefalseandthetrue；explanation，admonition，ratherhaughtyextenuationwhich，becauseitismingledwithblameandexcuse，thinksitselfwisdom，andisoftenonlypedantry。Awholepoliticalschoolcalled\"thegoldenmean\"hasbeentheoutcomeofthis。Asbetweencoldwaterandhotwater，itisthelukewarmwaterparty。Thisschoolwithitsfalsedepth，allonthesurface，whichdissectseffectswithoutgoingbacktofirstcauses，chidesfromitsheightofademi—science，theagitationofthepublicsquare。
Ifwelistentothisschool，\"Theriotswhichcomplicatedtheaffairof1830deprivedthatgreateventofaportionofitspurity。TheRevolutionofJulyhadbeenafinepopulargale，abruptlyfollowedbybluesky。
Theymadethecloudyskyreappear。Theycausedthatrevolution，atfirstsoremarkableforitsunanimity，todegenerateintoaquarrel。
IntheRevolutionofJuly，asinallprogressaccomplishedbyfitsandstarts，therehadbeensecretfractures；theseriotsrenderedthemperceptible。Itmighthavebeensaid:`Ah！thisisbroken。’
AftertheRevolutionofJuly，onewassensibleonlyofdeliverance；
aftertheriots，onewasconsciousofacatastrophe。
\"Allrevoltclosestheshops，depressesthefunds，throwstheExchangeintoconsternation，suspendscommerce，clogsbusiness，precipitatesfailures；nomoremoney，privatefortunesrendereduneasy，publiccreditshaken，industrydisconcerted，capitalwithdrawing，workatadiscount，feareverywhere；counter—shocksineverytown。
Hencegulfs。IthasbeencalculatedthatthefirstdayofariotcostsFrancetwentymillions，theseconddayforty，thethirdsixty，athreedays’uprisingcostsonehundredandtwentymillions，thatistosay，ifonlythefinancialresultbetakenintoconsideration，itisequivalenttoadisaster，ashipwreckoralostbattle，whichshouldannihilateafleetofsixtyshipsoftheline。
\"Nodoubt，historically，uprisingshavetheirbeauty；thewarofthepavementsisnolessgrandiose，andnolesspathetic，thanthewarofthickets:intheonethereisthesoulofforests，intheothertheheartofcities；theonehasJeanChouan，theotherhasaJeanne。
RevoltshaveilluminatedwitharedglareallthemostoriginalpointsoftheParisiancharacter，generosity，devotion，stormygayety，studentsprovingthatbraveryformspartofintelligence，theNationalGuardinvincible，bivouacsofshopkeepers，fortressesofstreeturchins，contemptofdeathonthepartofpassers—by。Schoolsandlegionsclashedtogether。Afterall，betweenthecombatants，therewasonlyadifferenceofage；theraceisthesame；itisthesamestoicalmenwhodiedattheageoftwentyfortheirideas，atfortyfortheirfamilies。Thearmy，alwaysasadthingincivilwars，opposedprudencetoaudacity。Uprisings，whileprovingpopularintrepidity，alsoeducatedthecourageofthebourgeois。
\"Thisiswell。Butisallthisworththebloodshed？Andtothebloodshedaddthefuturedarkness，progresscompromised，uneasinessamongthebestmen，honestliberalsindespair，foreignabsolutismhappyinthesewoundsdealttorevolutionbyitsownhand，thevanquishedof1830triumphingandsaying:
`Wetoldyouso！’AddParisenlarged，possibly，butFrancemostassuredlydiminished。Add，forallmustneedsbetold，themassacreswhichhavetoooftendishonoredthevictoryofordergrownferociousoverlibertygonemad。Tosumupall，uprisingshavebeendisastrous。\"
Thusspeaksthatapproximationtowisdomwithwhichthebourgeoisie，thatapproximationtothepeople，sowillinglycontentsitself。
Forourparts，werejectthisworduprisingsastoolarge，andconsequentlyastooconvenient。Wemakeadistinctionbetweenonepopularmovementandanotherpopularmovement。
Wedonotinquirewhetheranuprisingcostsasmuchasabattle。
Whyabattle，inthefirstplace？Herethequestionofwarcomesup。
Iswarlessofascourgethananuprisingisofacalamity？Andthen，arealluprisingscalamities？AndwhatiftherevoltofJulydidcostahundredandtwentymillions？TheestablishmentofPhilipV。inSpaincostFrancetwomilliards。Evenatthesameprice，weshouldpreferthe14thofJuly。However，werejectthesefigures，whichappeartobereasonsandwhichareonlywords。Anuprisingbeinggiven，weexamineitbyitself。Inallthatissaidbythedoctrinarianobjectionabovepresented，thereisnoquestionofanythingbuteffect，weseekthecause。
Wewillbeexplicit。
CHAPTERII
THEROOTOFTHEMATTER
Thereissuchathingasanuprising，andthereissuchathingasinsurrection；thesearetwoseparatephasesofwrath；oneisinthewrong，theotherisintheright。Indemocraticstates，theonlyoneswhicharefoundedonjustice，itsometimeshappensthatthefractionusurps；thenthewholerisesandthenecessaryclaimofitsrightsmayproceedasfarasresorttoarms。Inallquestionswhichresultfromcollectivesovereignty，thewarofthewholeagainstthefractionisinsurrection；theattackofthefractionagainstthewholeisrevolt；accordingastheTuileriescontainakingortheConvention，theyarejustlyorunjustlyattacked。
Thesamecannon，pointedagainstthepopulace，iswrongonthe10thofAugust，andrightonthe14thofVendemiaire。Alikeinappearance，fundamentallydifferentinreality；theSwissdefendthefalse，Bonapartedefendsthetrue。Thatwhichuniversalsuffragehaseffectedinitslibertyandinitssovereigntycannotbeundonebythestreet。
Itisthesameinthingspertainingpurelytocivilization；
theinstinctofthemasses，clear—sightedto—day，maybetroubledto—morrow。ThesamefurylegitimatewhendirectedagainstTerrayandabsurdwhendirectedagainstTurgot。Thedestructionofmachines，thepillageofwarehouses，thebreakingofrails，thedemolitionofdocks，thefalseroutesofmultitudes，therefusalbythepeopleofjusticetoprogress，Ramusassassinatedbystudents，RousseaudrivenoutofSwitzerlandandstoned，——thatisrevolt。IsraelagainstMoses，AthensagainstPhocian，RomeagainstCicero，——thatisanuprising；
ParisagainsttheBastille，——thatisinsurrection。ThesoldiersagainstAlexander，thesailorsagainstChristopherColumbus，——
thisisthesamerevolt；impiousrevolt；why？BecauseAlexanderisdoingforAsiawiththeswordthatwhichChristopherColumbusisdoingforAmericawiththecompass；AlexanderlikeColumbus，isfindingaworld。Thesegiftsofaworldtocivilizationaresuchaugmentationsoflight，thatallresistanceinthatcaseisculpable。
Sometimesthepopulacecounterfeitsfidelitytoitself。Themassesaretraitorstothepeople。Isthere，forexample，anythingstrangerthanthatlongandbloodyprotestofdealersincontrabandsalt，alegitimatechronicrevolt，which，atthedecisivemoment，onthedayofsalvation，attheveryhourofpopularvictory，espousesthethrone，turnsintochouannerie，and，fromhavingbeenaninsurrectionagainst，becomesanuprisingfor，sombremasterpiecesofignorance！Thecontrabandsaltdealerescapestheroyalgibbets，andwitharope’sendroundhisneck，mountsthewhitecockade。
\"Deathtothesaltduties，\"bringsforth，\"LonglivetheKing！\"
TheassassinsofSaint—Barthelemy，thecut—throatsofSeptember，themanslaughterersofAvignon，theassassinsofColigny，theassassinsofMadamLamballe，theassassinsofBrune，Miquelets，Verdets，Cadenettes，thecompanionsofJehu，thechevaliersofBrassard，——
beholdanuprising。LaVendeeisagrand，catholicuprising。
Thesoundofrightinmovementisrecognizable，itdoesnotalwaysproceedfromthetremblingofexcitedmasses；therearemadrages，therearecrackedbells，alltocsinsdonotgiveoutthesoundofbronze。Thebrawlofpassionsandignorancesisquiteanotherthingfromtheshockofprogress。Showmeinwhatdirectionyouaregoing。Rise，ifyouwill，butletitbethatyoumaygrowgreat。
Thereisnoinsurrectionexceptinaforwarddirection。Anyothersortofrisingisbad；everyviolentsteptowardstherearisarevolt；
toretreatistocommitadeedofviolenceagainstthehumanrace。
Insurrectionisafitofrageonthepartoftruth；thepavementswhichtheuprisingdisturbsgiveforththesparkofright。
Thesepavementsbequeathtotheuprisingonlytheirmud。
DantonagainstLouisXIV。isinsurrection；HebertagainstDantonisrevolt。
Henceitresultsthatifinsurrectioningivencasesmaybe，asLafayettesays，themostholyofduties，anuprisingmaybethemostfatalofcrimes。
Thereisalsoadifferenceintheintensityofheat；insurrectionisoftenavolcano，revoltisoftenonlyafireofstraw。
Revolt，aswehavesaid，issometimesfoundamongthoseinpower。
Polignacisarioter；CamilleDesmoulinsisoneofthegoverningpowers。
Insurrectionissometimesresurrection。
Thesolutionofeverythingbyuniversalsuffragebeinganabsolutelymodernfact，andallhistoryanteriortothisfactbeing，forthespaceoffourthousandyears，filledwithviolatedright，andthesufferingofpeoples，eachepochofhistorybringswithitthatprotestofwhichitiscapable。UndertheCaesars，therewasnoinsurrection，buttherewasJuvenal。
ThefacitindignatioreplacestheGracchi。
UndertheCaesars，thereistheexiletoSyene；thereisalsothemanoftheAnnales。WedonotspeakoftheimmenseexileofPatmoswho，onhispartalso，overwhelmstherealworldwithaprotestinthenameoftheidealworld，whomakesofhisvisionanenormoussatireandcastsonRome—Nineveh，onRome—Babylon，onRome—Sodom，theflamingreflectionoftheApocalypse。Johnonhisrockisthesphinxonitspedestal；wemayunderstandhim，heisaJew，anditisHebrew；butthemanwhowritestheAnnalesisoftheLatinrace，letusrathersayheisaRoman。
AstheNerosreigninablackway，theyshouldbepaintedtomatch。
Theworkofthegraving—toolalonewouldbetoopale；theremustbepouredintothechannelaconcentratedprosewhichbites。
Despotscountforsomethinginthequestionofphilosophers。
Awordthatischainedisaterribleword。Thewriterdoublesandtrebleshisstylewhensilenceisimposedonanationbyitsmaster。
Fromthissilencetherearisesacertainmysteriousplenitudewhichfiltersintothoughtandtherecongealsintobronze。
Thecompressionofhistoryproducesconcisenessinthehistorian。
Thegranitesolidityofsuchandsuchacelebratedproseisnothingbuttheaccumulationeffectedbythetyrant。
Tyrannyconstrainsthewritertoconditionsofdiameterwhichareaugmentationsofforce。TheCiceronianperiod，whichhardlysufficedforVerres，wouldbebluntedonCaligula。Thelessspreadofsailinthephrase，themoreintensityintheblow。
Tacitusthinkswithallhismight。
Thehonestyofagreatheart，condensedinjusticeandtruth，overwhelmsaswithlightning。
Beitremarked，inpassing，thatTacitusisnothistoricallysuperposeduponCaesar。TheTiberiiwerereservedforhim。
CaesarandTacitusaretwosuccessivephenomena，ameetingbetweenwhomseemstobemysteriouslyavoided，bytheOnewho，whenHesetsthecenturiesonthestage，regulatestheentrancesandtheexits。
Caesarisgreat，Tacitusisgreat；Godsparesthesetwogreatnessesbynotallowingthemtoclashwithoneanother。Theguardianofjustice，instrikingCaesar，mightstriketoohardandbeunjust。
Goddoesnotwillit。ThegreatwarsofAfricaandSpain，thepiratesofSicilydestroyed，civilizationintroducedintoGaul，intoBritanny，intoGermany，——allthisglorycoverstheRubicon。
Thereishereasortofdelicacyofthedivinejustice，hesitatingtoletlooseupontheillustrioususurpertheformidablehistorian，sparingCaesarTacitus，andaccordingextenuatingcircumstancestogenius。
Certainly，despotismremainsdespotism，evenunderthedespotofgenius。Thereiscorruptionunderallillustrioustyrants，butthemoralpestisstillmorehideousunderinfamoustyrants。
Insuchreigns，nothingveilstheshame；andthosewhomakeexamples，TacitusaswellasJuvenal，slapthisignominywhichcannotreply，intheface，moreusefullyinthepresenceofallhumanity。
RomesmellsworseunderVitelliusthanunderSylla。UnderClaudiusandunderDomitian，thereisadeformityofbasenesscorrespondingtotherepulsivenessofthetyrant。Thevillainyofslavesisadirectproductofthedespot；amiasmaexhalesfromthesecoweringconscienceswhereinthemasterisreflected；publicpowersareunclean；
heartsaresmall；consciencesaredull，soulsarelikevermin；
thusitisunderCaracalla，thusitisunderCommodus，thusitisunderHeliogabalus，while，fromtheRomanSenate，underCaesar，therecomesnothingbuttheodorofthedungwhichispeculiartotheeyriesoftheeagles。
Hencetheadvent，apparentlytardy，oftheTacitusesandtheJuvenals；
itisinthehourforevidence，thatthedemonstratormakeshisappearance。
ButJuvenalandTacitus，likeIsaiahinBiblicaltimes，likeDanteintheMiddleAges，isman；riotandinsurrectionarethemultitude，whichissometimesrightandsometimeswrong。
Inthemajorityofcases，riotproceedsfromamaterialfact；
insurrectionisalwaysamoralphenomenon。RiotisMasaniello；
insurrection，Spartacus。Insurrectionbordersonmind，riotonthestomach；Gastergrowsirritated；butGaster，assuredly，isnotalwaysinthewrong。Inquestionsoffamine，riot，Buzancais，forexample，holdsatrue，pathetic，andjustpointofdeparture。
Nevertheless，itremainsariot。Why？Itisbecause，rightatbottom，itwaswronginform。Shyalthoughintheright，violentalthoughstrong，itstruckatrandom；itwalkedlikeablindelephant；
itleftbehinditthecorpsesofoldmen，ofwomen，andofchildren；
itwishedthebloodofinoffensiveandinnocentpersonswithoutknowingwhy。Thenourishmentofthepeopleisagoodobject；
tomassacrethemisabadmeans。
Allarmedprotests，eventhemostlegitimate，eventhatofthe10thofAugust，eventhatofJuly14th，beginwiththesametroubles。
Beforetherightgetssetfree，thereisfoamandtumult。
Inthebeginning，theinsurrectionisariot，justasariverisatorrent。Ordinarilyitendsinthatocean:revolution。
Sometimes，however，comingfromthoseloftymountainswhichdominatethemoralhorizon，justice，wisdom，reason，right，formedofthepuresnowoftheideal，afteralongfallfromrocktorock，afterhavingreflectedtheskyinitstransparencyandincreasedbyahundredaffluentsinthemajesticmienoftriumph，insurrectionissuddenlylostinsomequagmire，astheRhineisinaswamp。
Allthisisofthepast，thefutureisanotherthing。
Universalsuffragehasthisadmirableproperty，thatitdissolvesriotinitsinception，and，bygivingthevotetoinsurrection，itdeprivesitofitsarms。Thedisappearanceofwars，ofstreetwarsaswellasofwarsonthefrontiers，suchistheinevitableprogression。WhateverTo—daymaybe，To—morrowwillbepeace。
However，insurrection，riot，andpointsofdifferencebetweentheformerandthelatter，——thebourgeois，properlyspeaking，knowsnothingofsuchshades。Inhismind，allissedition，rebellionpureandsimple，therevoltofthedogagainsthismaster，anattempttobitewhommustbepunishedbythechainandthekennel，barking，snapping，untilsuchdayastheheadofthedog，suddenlyenlarged，isoutlinedvaguelyinthegloomfacetofacewiththelion。
Thenthebourgeoisshouts:\"Longlivethepeople！\"
Thisexplanationgiven，whatdoesthemovementofJune，1832，signify，sofarashistoryisconcerned？Isitarevolt？Isitaninsurrection？
Itmayhappentous，inplacingthisformidableeventonthestage，tosayrevoltnowandthen，butmerelytodistinguishsuperficialfacts，andalwayspreservingthedistinctionbetweenrevolt，theform，andinsurrection，thefoundation。
Thismovementof1832had，initsrapidoutbreakandinitsmelancholyextinction，somuchgrandeur，thateventhosewhoseeinitonlyanuprising，neverrefertoitotherwisethanwithrespect。
Forthem，itislikearelicof1830。Excitedimaginations，saythey，arenottobecalmedinaday。Arevolutioncannotbecutoffshort。
Itmustneedsundergosomeundulationsbeforeitreturnstoastateofrest，likeamountainsinkingintotheplain。TherearenoAlpswithouttheirJura，norPyreneeswithouttheAsturias。
ThispatheticcrisisofcontemporaryhistorywhichthememoryofParisianscalls\"theepochoftheriots，\"iscertainlyacharacteristichouramidthestormyhoursofthiscentury。
Alastword，beforeweenterontherecital。
Thefactswhichweareabouttorelatebelongtothatdramaticandlivingreality，whichthehistoriansometimesneglectsforlackoftimeandspace。There，nevertheless，weinsistuponit，islife，palpitation，humantremor。Pettydetails，aswethinkwehavealreadysaid，are，sotospeak，thefoliageofgreatevents，andarelostinthedistanceofhistory。Theepoch，surnamed\"oftheriots，\"aboundsindetailsofthisnature。
Judicialinquirieshavenotrevealed，andperhapshavenotsoundedthedepths，foranotherreasonthanhistory。Weshallthereforebringtolight，amongtheknownandpublishedpeculiarities，thingswhichhavenotheretoforebeenknown，aboutfactsoverwhichhavepassedtheforgetfulnessofsome，andthedeathofothers。
Themajorityoftheactorsinthesegiganticsceneshavedisappeared；
beginningwiththeverynextdaytheyheldtheirpeace；butofwhatweshallrelate，weshallbeabletosay:\"Wehaveseenthis。\"
Wealterafewnames，forhistoryrelatesanddoesnotinformagainst，butthedeedwhichweshallpaintwillbegenuine。Inaccordancewiththeconditionsofthebookwhichwearenowwriting，weshallshowonlyonesideandoneepisode，andcertainly，theleastknownatthat，ofthetwodays，the5thandthe6thofJune，1832，butweshalldoitinsuchwisethatthereadermaycatchaglimpse，beneaththegloomyveilwhichweareabouttolift，oftherealformofthisfrightfulpublicadventure。