Inspiteofalltheseopposingforces，theevolutionofmedicalsciencecontinued，thoughbutslowly。InthesecondcenturyoftheChristianeraGalenhadmadehimselfagreatauthorityatRome，andfromRomehadswayedthemedicalscienceoftheworld：

　　hisgeniustriumphedoverthedefectsofhismethod；but，thoughhegaveapowerfulimpulsetomedicine，hisdogmatismstoodinitswaylongafterward。

　　Theplaceswheremedicine，suchasitthusbecame，couldbeapplied，wereatfirstmainlytheinfirmariesofvariousmonasteries，especiallythelargeronesoftheBenedictineorder：

　　thesewerefrequentlydevelopedintohospitals。Manymonksdevotedthemselvestosuchmedicalstudiesaswerepermitted，andsundrychurchmenandlaymendidmuchtosecureandpreservecopiesofancientmedicaltreatises。So，too，inthecathedralschoolsestablishedbyCharlemagneandothers，provisionwasgenerallymadeformedicalteaching；butallthisinstruction，whetherinconventsorschools，waswretchedlypoor。ItconsistednotindevelopingbyindividualthoughtandexperimentthegiftsofHippocrates，Aristotle，andGalen，butalmostentirelyintheparrot-likerepetitionoftheirwritings。

　　But，whiletheinheritedideasofChurchleaderswerethusunfavourabletoanyproperdevelopmentofmedicalscience，thereweretwobodiesofmenoutsidetheChurchwho，thoughlargelyfetteredbysuperstition，werefarlesssothanthemonksandstudentsofecclesiasticalschools：theseweretheJewsandMohammedans。Thefirstoftheseespeciallyhadinheritedmanyusefulsanitaryandhygienicideas，whichhadprobablybeenfirstevolvedbytheEgyptians，andfromthemtransmittedtothemodernworldmainlythroughthesacredbooksattributedtoMoses。

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