FargraverthanthisSpectreofFurst，MinisterZedlitzhesitates，finallyrefuses，topronouncesuchaSentenceastheKingordersonthesemenofLaw！Estimable，able，conscientiousZedlitz；
zealousonEducationmatters，too；——whomIalwayslikeforcontrivingtoattendaCourseofKant’sLectures，while500milesawayfromhim（actualCourseinKonigsbergUniversity，bytheillustriousKant；everyLecturepunctuallytakeninshort—hand，andtransmittedtoBerlin，postafterpost，forthebusyman）。
[KunoFischer，Kant’sLeben（Mannheim，1860），pp。34，35。]HereisnowsomepainfulCorrespondencebetweentheKingandhim，——painful，yetpleasant:——
KINGTOMINISTERVONZEDLITZ，WHOHASALARMINGDOUBTS（Berlin，28thDecember，1779）。——\"YourReportofthe20thinstantinregardtoJudgmentonthearrestedRathshasbeenreceived。ButdoyouthinkIdon’tunderstandyourAdvocatefellowsandtheirquirks；orhowtheycanpolishupabadcause，andbytheirhyperbolesexaggerateorextenuateastheyfindfit？TheGoose—quillclass（FEDERZEUG）
can’tlookatfacts。WhenSoldierssettoinvestigateanything，onanordergiven，theygothestraightwaytothekernelofthematter；uponwhich，plentyofobjectionsfromtheGoose—quillpeople！——ButyoumayassureyourselfIgivemorebelieftoanhonestOfficer，whohashonorintheheartofhim，thantoallyourAdvocatesandsentences。Iperceivewelltheyarethemselvesafraid，anddon’twanttoseeanyoftheirfellowspunished。
\"If，therefore，youwillnotobeymyOrder，Ishalltakeanotherinyourplacewhowill；fordepartfromitIwillnot。Youmaytellthemthat。Andknow，foryourpart，thatsuchmiserablejargon（MISERABELSTYL）makesnotthesmallestimpressiononme。
Hereby，then，youaretoguideyourself；andmerelysaywhetheryouwillfollowmyOrderornot；forIwillinnowisefallawayfromit。Iamyourwell—affectionedKing，——FRIEDRICH。\"
MARGINALE（inAutograph）。——\"MyGentleman[you，HerrvonZedlitz，withyourdubitatings]won’tmakemebelieveblackiswhite。IknowtheAdvocatesleight—of—hand，andwon’tbetakenin。Anexamplehasbecomenecessaryhere，——thoseScoundrels（CANAILLEN）havingsoenormouslymisusedmyname，topractisearbitraryandunheard—ofinjustices。AJudgethatgoesuponchicaningistobepunishedmoreseverelythanahighwayRobber。Foryouhavetrustedtotheone；
youareonyourguardagainsttheother。\"
ZEDLITZTOTHEKING（Berlin，31stDecember，1779）。——\"IhaveatalltimeshadyourRoyalMajesty’sfavorbeforemyeyesasthesupremehappinessofmylife，andhavemostzealouslyendeavoredtomeritthesame:butIshouldrecognizemyselfunworthyofit，wereI
capableofanundertakingcontrarytomyconviction。Fromthereasonsindicatedbymyself，aswellasbytheCriminal—Senate[Paperofreasonsfortunatelylost]，yourMajestywilldeigntoconsiderthatIamunabletodrawupacondemnatorySentenceagainstyourMajesty’sServants—of—JusticenowunderarrestonaccountoftheArnoldAffair。YourMajesty’stilldeath，——
VONZEDLITZ。\"
KINGTOZEDLITZ（Berlin，1stJanuary，1780）。——\"MydearState’s—
MinisterFreiherrvonZedlitz，——Itmuchsurprisesmetosee，fromyourNoteofyesterday，thatyonrefusetopronounceajudgmentonthoseServants—of—JusticearrestedfortheirconductintheArnoldCase，accordingtomyOrder。Ifyou，therefore，willnot，Iwill；
anddoitasfollows:——
\"1。TheCustrinRegierungs—RathScheibler，who，itappearsinevidence，wasofanoppositeopiniontohisColleagues，andvotedThatthemanup—streamhadnotarighttocutoffthewaterfromthemandown—stream；andthatthepoint，astoArnold’swantingwater，shouldbemorecloselyandstrictlyinquiredinto，——he，Scheibler，shallbesetfreefromhisarrest，andgobacktohispostatCustrin。Andinlikemanner，Kammergerichts—RathRannsleben——whohasevidentlygivenhimselffaithfultroubleaboutthecause，andhasbroughtforwardwithaquitevisibleimpartialityalltheconsiderationsanddubieties，especiallyabouttheconditionofthewaterandtheallegedhurtfulnessofthePond——isabsolvedfromarrest。
\"2。AsfortheotherarrestedServants—of—Justice，theyareoneandalldismissedfromoffice（CASSIRT），andcondemnedtooneyear’sFortress—Arrest。Furthermore，theyshallpaytoArnoldthevalueofhisMill，andmakegoodtohim，outoftheirownpocket，allthelossanddamagehehassufferedinthisbusiness；theNeumarkKAMMER（Revenue—Board）totaxandestimatethesame。[Damagecameto1，358thalers，11groschen，1pfennig，——thatis，203pounds14s。
andsomepenceandfarthings；thelastfarthingofwhichwaspunctuallypaidtoArnold，withinthenexteightmonths；][Preuss，iii。409。]——sothat\"3。TheMillerArnoldshallbecompletelyputashewas（IN
INTEGRUMRESTITUIRT）。
\"Andinsuchwaymustthematter，inallbranchesofit，beimmediatelyproceededwith，gotready，andhandedinformyCompletion（VOLLZIEHUNG）bySignature。Whichyou，therefore，willtakechargeof，withoutdelay。Fortherest，Iwilltellyoufarther，thatIamnotillpleasedtoknowyouonthesideyoushowonthisoccasion[asamanthatwillnotgoagainsthisconscience]，andshallsee，byandby，whatIcanfartherdowithyou。[Lefthimwherehewas，asthebestthing。]Whereafteryouareaccordinglytoguideyourself。AndIremainotherwiseyourwell—
affectionedKing，FRIEDRICH。\"
[Ib。iii。519，520；seeib。405n。]
This，then，isanimpartialaccountofthecelebratedpassagebetweenFriedrichandtheLawyersknownbythenameof\"theMILLER—
ARNOLDCASE；\"whichattractedthenoticeofallEurope，——justwhilethedecenniumoftheFrenchRevolutionwasbeginning。InRussia，theCzarinaCatharine，thefriendofPhilosophers，senttoherSenateacopyofFriedrich’sPROTOCOLOFDECEMBER11th，asanoteworthyinstanceofRoyalsupremejudicature。InFrance，Printsincelebrationofit，——\"onePrintbyVangelisti，entitledBALANCE
DEFREDERIC，\"——wereexhibitedinshop—windows，expoundedinnewspapers，anddiscoursedofindrawing—rooms。TheCasebroughtintotalkagainanoldMillerCaseofFriedrich’s，whichhadbeenfamousabovethirtyyearsago，whenSans—Souciwasgettingbuilt。
Readersknowit:PotsdamMiller，andhisobstinateWindmill，whichstillgrindsonitsknollinthoselocalities，andwouldnot，atanyprice，becomepartoftheKing’sGardens。\"Notatanyprice？\"
saidtheKing’sagent:\"CannottheKingtakeitfromyoufornothing，ifhechose？\"\"Haven’twetheKammergerichtatBerlin！\"
answeredtheMiller。ToFriedrich’sgreatdelight，asappears；——
whichmightrendertheWindmillitselfakindofornamenttohisGardensthenceforth。TheFrenchadmirationoverthesetwoMillerCasescontinuedtobeverygreat。[Dieulafoi，LEMEUNIERDE
SANS—SOUCI（Comedyorfarce，ofIknownotwhatyear）；Andrieux，LE
MOULINDESANS—SOUCI（\"Poem，\"atINSTITUTNATIONAL15GERMINAL，AN
5），&c。&c。:Preuss，iii。412，413。]
AstoMillerArnoldandhisCause，theunitedvoiceofPrussianSocietycondemnedFriedrich’sprocedure:SuchharshnesstoGrand—
ChancellorFurstandrespectableoldOfficialGentlemen，amountingtothebarbarousandtyrannous，accordingtoPrussianSociety。
Tosupportwhichfeeling，andtestifyitopenly，theydroveincrowdstoFurst’s（somehavetoldmetothePrison—doorstoo，butthatseemshypothetic）；andleftcardsforoldFurstandCompany。
InsightofFriedrich，whoinquired，\"Whatisthisstironthestreets，then？\"——and，onlearning，madenottheleastaudibleremark；butcontinuedhissalutarycashiermentofthewiggedGentlemen，andimprisonmenttilltheirfulltermran。
Myimpressionhasbeenthat，inBerlinSociety，therewasmoresympathyformererespectabilityofwigthaninFriedrich。
ToFriedrichrespectabilityofwigthatissuesinsolemnlyfailingtodojustice，isamereenormity，greaterthanthemostwiglessconditioncouldbe。Wigless，thethingweretobeendured，athingoneisbornto，moreorless:butinwig，——outuponit！Andthewigwhichscreens，andwouldstrivetodisguiseandeventoembellishsuchathing:Tothegutterswithsuchwig！
InsupportoftheirfeelingforFurstandCompany，BerlinSocietywasfartherobligedtopronouncetheclaimofMillerArnoldanullity，andthatnoinjusticewhateverhadbeendonehim。
Merepretencesonhispart，subterfugesforhisidleconduct，forhisinabilitytopayduerent，saidBerlinSociety。AndthatimpartialSoldier—person，whomFriedrichsenttoexaminebythelightofnature，andreport？\"Corruptedhe！\"answerthey:
\"hadintrigueswith——\"Iforgetwhom；somebodyofthewomankind（perhapsArnold’soldhard—featuredWife，ifyouaredrivenintoacorner！）——\"andwasnottobedependedonatall！\"Inwhichcondemnedstate，BerlinSocietyalmostwhollydisapprovingit，theArnoldProcesswasfoundatFriedrich’sdeath（restorationofhonorstooldFurstandCompany，oneofthefirstactsoftheNewReign，sureofimmediatepopularity）；and，Ithink，prettymuchcontinuessostill，fewornoneinBerlinSocietyadmittingMillerArnold’sclaimtoredress，muchlessdefendingthatonslaughtonFurstandthewigs。[HerrPreusshimselfinclinesthatway，rathercondemnatoryofFriedrich；buthisAccount，asusual，isexactandauthentic，——thoughdistressinglyconfused，andscatteredaboutintodifferentcorners（Preuss，iii。381—413；thenagain，ibid。520
&c。）。Ontheotherhand，thereisoneSegebusch，too，alearnedDoctor，ofAltona，whotakestheKing’sside，——andreallyisratherstupid，argumentativemerely，andunilluminative，ifyoureadhim:
Segebusch，HistorischrechtlicheWurdigungderEinmischungFriedrich’sdesGrossenindiebekannteRechtssachedesMullersArnold，auchfurNicht—Juristen（Altona，1829）。]
Who，fromtheremotedistance，wouldventuretocontradict？
Oncemore，myownpoorimpressionwas，whichIkeepsilentexcepttofriends，thatBerlinSocietywaswrong；thatMillerArnoldhadofatruthlostportionsofhisdam—water，andwasentitledtoabatement；andthatinsuchcase，Friedrich’shorrorattheFurst—
and—CompanyPhenomenon（horroraggravatedbygout）haditshighlyrespectablesidewithal。
When，afterFriedrich’sdeath，onVonGersdorf’surgentreclamations，thecasewasreopened，andallowedtobecarried\"intotheSecretTribunal，asthecompetentCourtofAppealinthirdinstance，\"thesaidTribunalfound，Thatthelaw—maximdependeduponbytheLowerCourts，asto\"theabsoluterightofownersofprivatestreams，\"didNOTapplyinthepresentcase；
butthattheDeedof1566did；andalsothat\"thefactsastopretendeddamage[PRETENCEmerely]fromlossofwater，weresatisfactorilyprovedagainstArnold:\"Gersdorf，therefore，mayhavehisPond；andArnoldmustrefundthemoneypaidtohimfor\"damages\"bythecondemnedJudges；andalsothepurchase—moneyofhisMill，ifhemeanstokeepthelatter。Allwhichmoneys，however，hisMajestyFriedrichWilhelmII。，Friedrich’sSuccessor，tohavedonewiththematter，handsomelypaidoutofhisownpocket:thehandsomewayofendingit。
InhislastjourneytoWest—Preussen，June，1784，FriedrichsaidtothenewRegierungs—President（ChiefJudge）there:\"IamHeadCommissaryofJustice；andhaveaheavyresponsibilitylyingonme，\"——aswillyouinthisnewOffice。Friedrichatnomomentneglectedthispartofhisfunctions；andhisprocedureinitthroughout，onecannotbutadmittohavebeenfaithful，beautiful，human。VeryimpatientindeedwhenhecomesuponImbecilityandPedantrythreateningtoextinguishEssenceandFact，amonghisLawPeople！ThisisoneMARGINALEofhis，amongmanysuch，someofthemstillmorestinging，whicharecomfortabletoeveryreader。
TheCaseisthatofamurderer，——murderindisputable；\"butmaynotinsanitybesuspected，yourMajesty，suchtheabsenceofmotive，suchthe——？\"Majestyanswers:\"Thatisnothingbutinanityandstupidpleadingagainstright。Thefellowputachildtodeath；
ifhewereasoldier，youwouldexecutehimwithoutpriest；
andbecausethisCANAILLEisacitizen，youmakehim’melancholic’
togethimoff。Beautifuljustice！\"[Preuss，iii。375。]
FriedrichhastosignallDeath—Sentences；andhedoesit，whereverIhavenoticed，rigorouslywell。Fortherest，hisCriminalCalendarseemstobelighterthananyotherofhistime；\"inapopulationof5，200，000，\"saysheonce，\"14to15areannuallycondemnedtodeath。\"
ChapterVIII。
THEFURSTENBUND:FRIEDRICH’SLASTYEARS。
AtVienna，onNovember29th，1780，thenobleKaiserinnMariaTheresa，afterashortillness，died。Herendwasbeautifulandexemplary，ashercoursehadbeen。Thedisease，whichseemedatfirstonlyabadcold，provedtohavebeenindurationofthelungs；
thechiefsymptomthroughout，amoreandmoresuffocatingdifficultytobreathe。Ontheedgeofdeath，theKaiserinn，sittinginachair（bedimpossibleinsuchstruggleforbreath），leantherheadbackasifinclinedtosleep。Oneofherwomenarrangedthecushions，askedinawhisper，\"WillyourMajestysleep，then？\"
\"No，\"answeredthedyingKaiserinn；\"Icouldsleep，butImustnot；
Deathistoonear。Hemustnotstealuponme。ThesefifteenyearsI
havebeenmakingreadyforhim；Iwillmeethimawake。\"
FifteenyearsagoherbelovedFranzwassnatchedfromher，insuchsuddenmanner:andeversince，shehasgoneinWidow’sdress；
andhaslookeduponherselfasonewhohaddonewiththeworld。
The18thofeverymonthhasbeenforheradayofsolitaryprayer；
18thofeveryAugust（Franz’sdeath—day）shehasgonedownpunctuallytothevaultsintheStephans—Kirche，andsatbyhiscoffinthere；——lastAugust，somethingbrokeintheapparatusasshedescended；andithaseversincebeenanomentoher。[Hormayr，OEsterreichischerPlutarch，iv。（2tes）94；
Keith，ii。114。]Omennowfulfilled。
Onherdeath，JosephandKaunitz，nowbecomesupreme，launchedabroadintheirambitiousadventureswithlooserein。Schemesofallkinds；includingBavariastill，inspiteofthelatecheck；
forwhichlatter，andforvastprospectsinTurkeyaswell，theyoungKaiserisnowuponacunningmethod，fullofpromisetohim，——thatofingratiatinghimselfwiththeCzarina，andcuttingoutFriedrichinthatquarter。Summer，1780，whiletheKaiserinnstilllived，JosephmadehisfamousFirstVisittotheCzarina（May—
August，1780），[Hermann，vi。132—135。]——notyetforsomeyearshisthrice—famousSecondVisit（thrice—famousCleopatra—voyagewithherdowntheDnieper；dramaturgiccitiesandpopulationskeepingpacewiththemonthebanks，suchthescenicfacultyofRussianOfficials，withPotemkinasstage—manager）:——inthecourseofwhichFirstVisit，stillmoreintheSecond，itiswellknowntheCzarinaandJosephcametoanunderstanding。Littlearticulatedofitasyet；butthemeaningalreadycleartoboth。\"Afrankpartnership，highMadam:toyou，fullscopeinyourgloriousnotionofaGreekCapitalandEmpire，Turkquitetrampledaway，ConstantinopleaChristianmetropolisoncemore[andyournextGrandsonaCONSTANTINE，——tobeinreadiness]:whynot，ifImaysharetoo，intheDonauCountries，thatliehandy？Toyou，Isay，anEasternEmpire；tome，aWestern:RevivalofthepooroldRomishReich，sofarasmaybe；andnohindranceuponBavaria，nexttime。HavenotwehadenoughofthatoldFriedrich，whostandsperpetuallyuponSTATUSQUO，andtobothofusisamerestoppageoftheway？\"
CzarinaCatharinetookthehint；christenedhernextGrandson\"Constantine\"（tobeinreadiness）；[ThisistheConstantinewhorenounced，infavorofthelateCzarNicholas；andprovedafailureinregardto\"NewGreekEmpire，\"andotherwise。]andfromthattimestifflyrefusedrenewingherTreatywithFriedrich；——toFriedrich’sgreatgrief，seeingher，onthecontrary，industrioustoforwardeveryGermanschemeofJoseph’s，Bavarianorother，andforeshadowingtohimselfdismalissuesforPrussiawhenthispresenttermofTreatyshouldexpire。AstoJoseph，hewasbusynightandday，——reallyperiloustoFriedrichandtheindependenceoftheGermanReich。HisyoungBrother，Maximilian，hecontrives，Czarinahelping，togetelectedCo—adjutorofKoln；SuccessorofourLankyFriendthere，tobeKur—Kolnindueseason，andmaketheElectorateofKolnabitofAustriahenceforth。[LengthyandminuteaccountofthatTransaction，inallthestepsofit，inDOHM，i。
295—39。]Thentherecame\"PANIS—BRIEFE，\"[PANIS（Bread）BRIEFisaLetterwithwhich，inancientcenturies，theKaiserusedtofurnishanoldworn—outServant，addressedtosomeMonastery，someAbbotorPriorineasycircumstances:\"BesogoodasprovidethisoldGentlemanwithPanis（Bread，orBoardandLodging）whilehelives。\"
VeryprettyinBarbarossa’stime；——butnow——！]——whoknowswhat？——
usurpations，graspingsandpretensionswithoutend:——finally，anopenpretensiontoincorporateBavaria，afterall。Bavaria，notinpartnow，butinwhole:\"You，KarlTheodor，injuredman，cannotwegiveyouTerritoryintheNetherlands；aKingthereyoushallbe，andhaveyourvoteasKur—Pfalzstill；onlythink！Inreturnforwhich，Bavariaoursinfee—simple，andsofinishthat？\"
KarlTheodorisperfectlywilling，——onlyperhapssomeothersarenot。Thenandthere，thesethreateningcomplexities，nowgonelikeadreamofthenight，werereallylife—perilsfortheKingdomofPrussia；nevertobelostsightofbyaveteranShepherdofthePeople。TheykeptavigilantKingFriedrichcontinuallyonthestretch，andwereastandinglife—problemtohiminthosefinalYears。Problemnearlyinsolubletohumancontrivance；theRussiancardhavingpalpablygoneintotheotherhand。Problemsolved，nevertheless；itisstillrememberedhow。
OnthedevelopmentofthatprettyBavarianProject，thethingbecamepressing；anditiswellknownbywhatastrokeofgeniusFriedrichcheckmatedit；andproducedinsteada\"FURSTENBUND，\"orgeneral\"ConfederationofGermanPrinces，\"Prussiaatop，toforbidperemptorilythattheLawsoftheReichbeinfringed。FURSTENBUND:
thisisthevictorioussummitofFriedrich’sPublicHistory，towardswhichallhiseffortstended，duringthesefiveyears:
Friedrich’slastfeatintheworld。Feat，howobsoletenow，——fallensilenteverywhere，exceptinGermanParish—History，andtothestudentsofFriedrich’scharacterinoldage！HadnoresultwhateverinEuropeanHistory；sounexpectedwastheturnthingstook。AFURSTENBUNDwhichwasswallowedbodilywithinfewyears，inthatWorld—ExplosionofDemocracy，andWaroftheGiants；
and——unlessNapoleon’s\"ConfederationoftheRhine\"wereperhapssometransitoryghostofit？——leftnotevenaghostbehind。
AFURSTENBUNDofwhichwemustsaysomething，whenitsYearcomes；
butobviouslynotmuch。
NoraretheDomesticities，assetforthbyourPrussianauthorities，anopulenttopicforus。Friedrich’sOldAgeisnotunamiable；onthecontrary，IthinkitwouldhavemadeaprettyPicture，hadtherebeenaLimnertotakeit，withtheleastfelicityorphysiognomiccoherency；——astherewasnot。HisLetters，andallthesymptomswehave，denoteasound—heartedbraveoldman；
continuallysubduingtohimselfmanyuglytroubles；and，likethestars，alwayssteadyathiswork。Tositgrievingordespondingis，atalltimes，farfromhim:\"Whydespond？Won’titbealldonepresently；isitofmuchmomentwhileitlasts？\"Afine，unaffectedlyvigorous，simpleandmanfuloldage；——ratherserenethanotherwise；inspiteofelectricoutburstsandcloudyweatherthatcouldnotbewanting。
Ofallwhichthereisnot，inthisplace，muchmoretobesaid。
Friedrich’selementisitselfwearingdim，sombreofhue；andtherecordsofit，too，seemtogrowdimmer，moreandmoreintermittent。Oldfriends，oftheintellectualkind，arealmostalldead；thenewareoflittlemomenttous，——notworthnamingincomparison，Thechief，perhaps，isacertainyoungMarcheseLucchesini，whocomesaboutthistime，[\"Chamberlain[titular，withPension，&c。]，9thMay，1780，agethen28\"（Preuss，iv。
211）；—arrivedwhenorhowisnotsaid。]andcontinuesinmoreandmorefavorbothwithFriedrichandhisSuccessor，——employedeveninDiplomaticsbythelatter。AnaccomplishedyoungGentleman，fromLucca；offineintelligence，and，whatwasnolessessentialtohimhere，aperfectproprietyinbreedingandcarriage。Onemakesnoacquaintancewithhiminthesestragglingrecords，nordesirestomakeany。Itwashethatbroughttheinane，everscribblingDeninahither，ifthatcanbereckonedamerit。InaneDeninacameasAcademician，October，1782；sawFriedrich，[Rodenbeck，iii。285，286。]atleastonce（\"Academician，Pension；yes，yes！\"）——andIknownotwhetheranysecondtime。
Friedrich，onlossoffriends，doesnottakerefugeinsolitude；hetriesalwaysforsomethingofsubstitute；seeshismanonceortwice，——inseveralinstancesonceonly，andleaveshimtohispensioninsinecurethenceforth。CorneliusdePauw，therichCanonofXanten（UncleofAnacharsisKlootz，theafterwardsrenowned），cameonthoseprinciples；hungonforsixmonths，notliked，notliking；andwasthenpermittedtogohomeforgood，hispensionwithhim。Another，aFrenchman，whosenameIforget，satgloomilyinPotsdam，afterhisrejection；silent（notknowingGerman），unclipt，unkempt，roughasNebuchadnezzar，tillhedied。DeCattisstillaresource；steadytillalmosttheend，whensomebody’stongue，itisthought，didhimillwiththeKing。
Alone，oralmostalone，oftheancientsetisBastiani；atall，black—browedman，withuncommonlybrighteyes，nowhimselfold，andacomfortableAbbotinSilesia；whocomesfromtimetotime，awakeningtheKingintohispristinetopicsandaltitudes。
Bastiani’shistoryissomethingcurious:asatallVenetianMonk（sonofatailorinVenice），hehadbeencrimpedbyFriedrichWilhelm’speople；FriedrichfoundhimservingasaPotsdamGiant，butdiscernedfarotherfacultiesinthebright—lookingman，farotherknowledges；andgraduallymadehimwhatwesee。BantershimsometimesthathewillrisetobePopeoneday，socunningandcleverishe:\"Whatwillyousaytome，aHeretic，whenyougettobePope；tellmenow；outwithit，Iinsist！\"Bastianiparried，pleaded，butunabletogetoff，madewhatsomecallhisonepieceofwit:\"Iwillsay:ORoyalEagle，screenmewiththywings，butsparemewiththysharpbeak！\"ThisisBastiani’sonerecordedpieceofwit；forhewastacitrather，andpracticallywatchful，anddidnotwastehisfineintellectinthatway。
ForeignVisitorsthereareinplenty；nowandthensomethingbrilliantgoing。ButtheoldGeneralsseemtobemainlywhattheKinghasforcompany。Dinneralwayshisbrighthour；fromtentosevenguestsdaily。Seidlitz，neverofintelligenceonanypointbutSoldiering，islongsincedead；Ziethencomesrarely，andfallsasleepwhenhedoes；GeneralGortz（brotheroftheWeimar—MunchenGortz）；Buddenbrock（theKing’scomradeinyouth，intheReinsbergtimes），whohasgoodfaculty；Prittwitz（whosavedhimatKunersdorf，andislively，thoughstupid）；GeneralandHead—EquerrySchwerin，ofheadlongtongue，notwitty，butthecauseofwit；
MajorGrafvonPinto，amagniloquentEx—Austriandittoditto:theseareamonghischiefdinner—guests。Iffinespeculationdonotsuit，oldpranksofyouth，oldtalesofwar，becomethestapleconversation；alwaysplentyofbanterontheoldKing’spart；——whositsverysnuffy（saystheprivatelyill—humoredBusching）anddoesnotsufficientlyabhorgreaseonhisfingers，orkeephisnailsquiteclean。OccasionallylaughsattheClergy，too；andhaslittleofthereverenceseemlyinanoldKing。Thetruthis，Doctor，hehashadhissufferingsfromHumanStupidity；andwasalwaysfondofhittingobjectsontheraw。Fortherest，asyoumaysee，heartilyanoldStoic，andtakesmattersintherough；avoidinguselessdespondencyaboveall；andintenttohaveacheerfulhouratdinnerifhecan。
VisitsfromhisKindredarestillprettyfrequent；neverexceptoninvitation。Fortherest，completelyanoldBachelor，anoldMilitaryAbbot；withbusinessforeveryhour。PrincessAmeliatakescareofhislinen，notverywell，thedearoldLady，whoisherselfacripple，suffering，andvoiceless，speakingonlyinhoarsewhisper。IthinkIhaveheardtherewerebuttwelveshirts，notinfirst—rateorder，whentheKingdied。AKingsupremelyindifferenttosmallconcerns；especiallytothatofshirtsandtailoragesnotessential。HoldstoLiterature，almostmorethanever；
occasionallystillwrites；[Foroneinstance:ThefamousPamphlet，DELALITTERATUREALLEMANDE（containinghisonslaughtonShakspeare，andhisfirstsalutation，withthereverseofwelcome，toGoethe’sGOTZVONBERLICHINGEN）；——printed，understupidThiebault’scare，Berlin，1780。StandsnowinOEuvresdeFrederic，vii。89—122。ThelastPiecesofallarechieflyMILITARYINSTRUCTIONSofapracticalorofficialnature。]
hashisdailyReadings，Concerts，Correspondencesasusual:——
readerscanconceivethedimHouseholdPicture，dimlyreportedwithal。ThefollowingAnecdotesmaybeaddedascompletionofit，oratleastofallIhavetosayonit:——
YOUGOONWEDNESDAY，THEN？——\"LossoftimewasoneofthelossesFriedrichcouldleaststand。InvisitsevenfromhisBrothersandSisters，whichwerealwaysbyhisownexpressinvitation，hewouldsaysomemorning（callitTuesdaymorning）:’YouaregoingonWednesday，Iamsorrytohear’（whatYOUneverheardbefore）！——
’Alas，yourMajesty，wemust！’’Well，Iamsorry:butIwilllaynoconstraintonyou。Pleasantmomentscannotlastforever！’Andsometimes，afterthishadbeenagreedto；hewouldsay:’ButcannotyoustaytillThursday，then？Come，oneotherdayofit！’——’Well，sinceyourMajestydoesgraciouslypress！’AndonThursday，notWednesday，onthosecuriousterms，thevisitwouldterminate。
ThistraitisintheAnecdote—Books:butitsauthenticitydoesnotrestonthatuncertainbasis；singularlyenough，itcomestome，individually，bytwoclearstages，fromFriedrich’sSistertheDuchessofBrunswick，who，ifanybody，wouldknowitwell！\"
[MyinformantisSirGeorgeSinclair，Baronet，ofThurso；hiswasthedistinguishedCountessofFinlater，stillrememberedforhergracesofmindandperson，whohadbeenMaid—of—HonortotheDuchess。]
DINNERWITHTHEQUEEN。——TheQueen，aprudent，simple—minded，worthyperson，ofperfectbehaviorinadifficultposition，seemstohavebeenmuchrespectedinBerlinSocietyandtheCourtCircles。
NorwastheKingwantinginthesamefeelingtowardsher；ofwhichtherearestillmanyproofs:butastopersonalintercourse，——whatafigurehasthatgraduallytaken！Preusssays，citingthosewhosaw:\"WhentheKing，aftertheSeven—YearsWar，nowandthen，inCarnivalseason，dinedwiththeQueeninherApartments，heusuallysaidnotawordtoher。Hemerely，onentering，onsittingdownattableandonleavingit，madethecustomarybow；andsatoppositetoher。Once，intheSeventies[years1770，yearsnowpast]，theQueenwasillofgout；tablewasinherApartments；butsheherselfwasnotthere，shesatinaneasy—chairinthedrawing—room。
OnthisoccasiontheKingsteppeduptotheQueen，andinquiredaboutherhealth。Thecircumstanceoccasioned，amongthecompanypresent，andalloverTownasthenewsspread，greatwonderandsympathy（VERWUNDERUNGUNDTHEILNAHME）。Thisisprobablythelasttimeheeverspoketoher。\"[Preuss，iv。187。]
THETWOGRAND—NEPHEWS。——\"TheKingwasfondofchildren；likedtohavehisGrand—Nephewsabouthim。Oneday，whiletheKingsatatworkinhisCabinet，theyoungerofthetwo，aboyofeightornine[whodiedsoonaftertwenty]，wasplayingballabouttheroom；
andknockeditonceandagainintotheKing’swritingoperation；
whotwiceoroftenerflungitbacktohim，butnexttimeputitinhispocket，andwenton。’PleaseyourMajesty，giveitmeback！’
beggedtheBoy；andagainbegged:Majestytooknonotice；
continuedwriting。Tillatlengthcame，inthetoneofindignation，’WillyourMajestygivememyball，then？’TheKinglookedup；
foundthelittleHohenzollernplantedfirm，handsonhaunches，andwearingquiteaperemptoryair。’Thouartabravelittlefellow；
theywon’tgetSilesiaoutofthee！’criedhelaughing，andflinginghimhisball。\"[Fischer，ii。445（\"year1780\"）。]
OftheelderPrince，afterwardsFriedrichWilhelmIII。（FatherofthenowKing），thereisamuchmoreinterestingAnecdote，andofhisownreportingtoo，thoughtheprecisetermsareirrecoverable:
\"HowtheKing，questioninghimabouthisbitsofFrenchstudies，broughtdownaLAFONTAINEfromtheshelves，andsaid，’TranslatemethisFable；’whichtheBoydid，withsuchreadinessandcorrectnessasobtainedtheKing’spraises:praisestoanextentthatwasembarrassing，andmadethehonestlittlecreatureconfess，’IdiditwithmyTutor，afewdayssince！’TotheKing’smuchgreaterdelight；wholedhimouttowalkintheGardens，and，inamoodofdeeperanddeeperseriousness，discoursedandexhortedhimonthesupremelawoftruthandprobitythatliesonallmen，andonallKingsstillmore；oneofhisexpressionsbeing，’Lookatthishighthing[theObelisktheywerepassingintheGardens]，itsUPRIGHTnessisitsstrength（SADROITUREFAITSAFORCE）；’andhisfinalwords，’Rememberthisevening，mygoodFritz；perhapsthouwiltthinkofit，longafter，whenIamgone。’AsthegoodFriedrichWilhelmIII。declarespiouslyheoftendid，inthestormsoffatethatovertookhim。\"[R。F。Eylert，CharakterzugeundhistorischeFragmenteausdemLebendesKonigsvonPreussenFriedrichWilhelmIII。（Magdeburg，1843），i。450—456。
Thisisa\"King’sChaplainandBishopEylert:\"undoubtedlyheheardthisAnecdotefromhisMaster，andwasheardrepeatingit；butthedialecthisEditorshaveputitintoisaltogethertawdry，modern，andimpossibletotakeforthatofFriedrich，oreven，Isuppose，ofFriedrichWilhelmIII。]
Industrialmatters，thatofColoniesespecially，ofdrainages，embankments，andreclaimingofwastelands，arealargeitemintheKing’sbusiness，——readerswouldnotguesshowlarge，orhowincessant。Underthisheadthereisonrecord，andevenliesatmyhandtranslatedintoEnglish，whatmightbecalledaColonialDAY
WITHFRIEDRICH（DayofJuly23d，1779；whichFriedrich，justcomehomefromtheBavarianWar，spentwholly，from5inthemorningonward，indrivingabout，inearnestsurveyofhisColoniesandLand—ImprovementsinthePotsdam—RuppinCountry）；curiousenoughRecord，byacertainBailifforOverseer，whorodeathischariotside，ofallthequestions，criticismsandremarksofFriedrichonpersonsandobjects，tillhelandedatRuppinforthenight。Takendown，withforensic，almostwithreligiousexactitude，bytheBailiffinquestion；aNephewofthePoetGleim，——bywhomitwaspublished，theyearafterFriedrich’sdeath；[Isin
AnekdotenundKarakterzuge，No。8（Berlin，1787），pp。15—79。]andbymanyotherssince。Itiscuriouslyauthentic，characteristicinparts，thoughinitsbaldforensicstyleratherheavyreading。Luckier，formostreaders，thatinexorablewantofroomhasexcludedit，onthepresentoccasion！[Printednow（inEdition1868，forthefirsttime），asAPPENDIXtothisVolume。]
Noreaderadequatelyfancies，orcouldbyanysingleDocumentbemadetodoso，thecontinualassiduityofFriedrichinregardtotheseinterestsofhis。ThestrictestHusbandmanisnotbusierwithhisFarm，thanFriedrichwithhisKingdomthroughout；——whichisindeedaFARMleasedhimbytheHeavens；inwhichnotagate—barcanbebroken，norastoneorsodrollintothesmallestditch，butitistohistheHusbandman’sdamage，andmustbeinstantlylookedafter。ThereareMeetingswiththeSilesianmanufacturers（inReviewtime），Dialoguesensuing，severalofwhichhavebeenpreserved；strangetoread，howeverdull。Therearemanyscatteredevidences；——andonlyslowlydoes，notthethingindeed，butthedegreeofthething，becomefullycredible。Notcommunicable，onthetermsprescribedusatpresent；andmustbelefttothelanguidfancy，likesomuchelse。
HereisanOcularView，hereareseveralsuch，whichweyethappilyhave，oftheactualFriedrichashelookedandlived。These，atacheaprate，throwtransientlysomeflareofilluminationoverhisAffairsandhim:theseletmenowgive；andtheseshallbeall。
PRINCEDELIGNE，AFTERTENYEARS，SEESFRIEDRICHASECONDTIME；
TIME；ANDREPORTSWHATWASSAID。
InSummer，1780，aswementioned，KaiserJosephwasonhisfirstVisittotheCzarina。TheymetatMohilowontheDnieper，towardstheendofMay；havebeenrovingabout，asifinmeregalasandamusements（thoughwithagreatdealofbusinessincidentallythrownin），foraboveamonthsince，whenPrincedeLigneissummonedtojointhematPetersburg。HegoesbyBerlin，staysatPotsdamwithFriedrichforaboutaweek；andreportstoPolishMajestythesenewDialoguesof1780，theyearaftersendinghimthoseofMahrisch—Neustadtof1770，whichwereadabove。Thosewerewrittendownfrommemory，in1785；thesein1786，——and\"towardstheendofit，\"asisinternallyevident。Letthesealsobewelcometousonsuchtermsasthereare。
\"SinceyourMajesty[Quasi—Majesty，ofPoland]iswillingtoloseanotherquarterofanhourofthattime，whichyouemploysowellingainingtheloveofalltowhomyoudeigntomakeyourselfknown，hereismySecondInterview。Itcanbeofinterestonlytoyou，Sire，whohaveknowntheKing，andwhodiscovertraitsofcharacterinwhattoanotherarebutsimplewords。Onefindsinfewothersthatconfidence，oratleastthatkindliness（BONHOMIE），whichcharacterizesyourMajesty。Withyou，onecanindulgeinrest；butwiththeKingofPrussia，onehadalwaystobeunderarms，preparedtoparryandtothrust，andtokeeptheduemiddlebetweenasmallattackandagranddefence。Iproceedtothematterinhand，andshallspeaktoyouofhimforthelasttime。
\"HehadmademepromisetocometoBerlin。IhastenedthitherdirectlyafterthatlittleWar[Potato—War]，whichhecalled’anactionwherehehadcomeasbailifftoperformanexecution。’
Theresultforhim，asisknown，wasagreatexpenseofmen，ofhorsesandmoney；someappearanceofgoodfaithanddisinterestedness；littlehonorintheWar；alittlehonestyinPolicy，andmuchbitternessagainstusAustrians。TheKingbegan，withoutknowingwhy，toprohibitAustrianOfficersfromenteringhisTerritorieswithoutanexpressorder，signedbyhisownhand。
Similarprohibition，onthepartofourCourt，againstPrussianOfficersandmutualconstraint，withoutprofitorreason。I，formyownpart，amofconfidenthumor；IthoughtIshouldneednopermission，andIthinkstillIcouldhavedonewithoutone。
ButthedesireofhavingaLetterfromthegreatFriedrich，ratherthanthefearofbeingill—received，mademewritetohim。
MyLetterwasallonfirewithmyenthusiasm，myadmiration，andthefervorofmysentimentforthatsublimeandextraordinarybeing；anditbroughtmethreecharmingAnswersfromhim。Hegaveme，indetail，almostwhatIhadgivenhiminthegross；andwhathecouldnotreturnmeinadmiration，——forIdonotremembertohavegainedabattle，——heaccordedmeinfriendship。Forfearofmissing，hehadwrittentomefromPotsdam，toVienna，toDresden，andtoBerlin。[Infine，atPotsdamIwas，SATURDAY，9thJULY，1780，waitingready；——stayedthereaboutaweek。][\"9th（or10th）
July，1780\"（Rodenbeck，iii。233）:\"Stayedtill16th。\"]
\"Whilewaitingforthehourof12，withmySonCharlesandM。deLille[AbbedeLille，prose—writerofsomethingnowforgotten；
bynomeanslyricalDELISLE，ofLESJARDINS]，tobepresentedtotheKing，IwenttolookattheParade；——and，onitsbreakingup，wassurrounded，andescortedtothePalace，byAustriandeserters，andparticularlyfrommyownregiment，whoalmostcaressedme，andaskedmypardonforhavingleftme。
\"Thehourofpresentationstruck。TheKingreceivedmewithanunspeakablecharm。ThemilitarycoldnessofaGeneral’sHead—
quarterschangedintoasoftandkindlywelcome。Hesaidtome，’HedidnotthinkIhadsobigaSon。’
EGO。\"’Heisevenmarried，Sire；hasbeensothesetwelvemonths。’
KING。\"’MayI（OSERAIS—JE）askyoutowhom？’Heoftenusedthisexpression，’OSERAIS—JE；’andalsothis:’Ifyoupermitmetohavethehonortotellyou，SIVOUSMEPERMETTESD’AVOIRL’HONNEURDE
VOUSDIRE。’
EGO。\"’ToaPolish—Lady，aMassalska。’
KING（tomySon）。\"’What，aMassalska？DoyouknowwhatherGrandmotherdid？’
\"’No，Sire，’saidCharles。
KING。\"’SheputthematchtothecannonattheSiegeofDantzigwithherownhand；[February，1734，inpoorStanislausLeczinski’sSECONDfitofRoyalty:supravi。465。]shefired，andmadeothersfire，anddefendedherself，whenherparty，whohadlosthead，thoughtonlyofsurrendering。’
EGO。\"’Womenareindeedundefinable；strongandweakbyturns，indiscreet，dissembling，theyarecapableofanything。’’Withoutdoubt，’saidM。deLille，distressedthatnothinghadyetbeensaidtohim，andwithafamiliaritywhichwasnotlikelytosucceed；
’Withoutdoubt。Look——’saidhe。TheKinginterruptedhim。Icitedsometraitsinsupportofmyopinion，——asthatofthewomanHachetteattheSiegeofBeauvais。[A。D。1472；Burgundiansstormingthewallhadtheirflagplanted；flagandflag—bearerarehurledintotheditchbyHachetteandotherinspiredwomen，——withthefinestresults。]TheKingmadealittleexcursiontoRomeandtoSparta:helikedtopromenadethere。Afterhalfasecondofsilence，topleaseDeLille，ItoldtheKingthatM。deVoltairediedinDeLille’sarms。ThatcausedtheKingtoaddresssomequestionstohim；heansweredinrathertoolong—drawnamanner，andwentaway。CharlesandIstayeddinner。\"ThisisdayfirstinPotsdam。
\"Here，forfivehoursdaily，theKing’sencyclopedicalconversationenchantedmecompletely。Finearts，war，medicine，literatureandreligion，philosophy，ethics，historyandlegislation，inturnspassedinreview。ThefinecenturiesofAugustusandofLouisXIV。；
goodsocietyamongtheRomans，amongtheGreeks，amongtheFrench；
thechivalryofFrancoisI。；thefranknessandvalorofHenriIV。；
thenew—birth（RENAISSANCE）ofLettersandtheirrevolutionsinceLeoX。；anecdotesabouttheclevermenofothertimes，andthetroubletheygive；M。deVoltaire’sslips；susceptibilitiesofM。deMaupertuis；Algarotti’sagreeableways；finewitofJordan；
D’Argens’shypochondria，whomtheKingwouldsendtobedforfour—
and—twentyhoursbysimplytellinghimthathelookedill；——and，infine，whatnot？Everything，themostvariedandpiquantthatcouldbesaid，camefromhim，——inamostsofttoneofvoice；ratherlowthanotherwise，andnolessagreeablethanwerethemovementsofhislips，whichhadaninexpressiblegrace。
\"Itwasthis，Ibelieve，whichpreventedone’sobservingthathewas，infact，likeHomer’sheroes，somewhatofatalker（UNPEU
BABILLARD），thoughasublimeone。Itistotheirvoices，theirnoiseandgestures，thattalkersoftenowetheirreputationassuch；forcertainlyonecouldnotfindagreatertalkerthantheKing；butonewasdelightedathisbeingso。AccustomedtotalktoMarquisLucchesini，inthepresenceofonlyfourorfiveGeneralswhodidnotunderstandFrench，hecompensatedinthiswayforhishoursoflabor，ofstudy，ofmeditationandsolitude。Atleast，saidItomyself，Imustgetinaword。HehadjustmentionedVirgil。Isaid:——
EGO。\"’WhatagreatPoet，Sire；butwhatabadgardener！’
KING。\"’Ah，towhomdoyoutellthat！HavenotItriedtoplant，sow，till，dig，withtheGEORGICSinmyhand？\"But，Monsieur，\"saidmyman，\"youareafool（BETE），andyourBooknoless；itisnotinthatwayonegoestowork。\"Ah，MONDIEU，whataclimate！Wouldyoubelieveit，Heaven，ortheSun，refusemeeverything？Lookatmypoororange—trees，myolive—trees，lemon—trees:theyareallstarving。’
EGO。\"’Itwouldappear，then，nothingbutlaurelsflourishwithyou，Sire。’（TheKinggavemeacharminglook；andtocoveraninaneobservationbyanabsurdone，Iaddedquickly:）’Besides，Sire，therearetoomanyGRENADIERS[means，inFrench，POMEGRANATES
aswellasGRENADIERS，——pegofone’slittlejoke！]inthisCountry；
theyeatupeverything！’TheKingburstoutlaughing；foritisonlyabsurditiesthatcauselaughter。
\"OnedayIhadturnedaplatetoseeofwhat，porcelainitwas。’Wheredoyouthinkitcomesfrom？’askedtheKing。
EGO。\"’IthoughtitwasSaxon；but，insteadoftwoswords[theSaxonmark]，Iseeonlyone，whichiswellworthbothofthem。’
KING。\"’Itisasceptre。’
EGO。\"’IbegyourMajesty’spardon；butitissomuchlikeasword，thatonecouldeasilymistakeitforone。’Andsuchwasreallythecase。This，it，isknown，isthemarkoftheBerlinchina。AstheKingsometimesPLAYEDKING，andthoughthimself，sometimes，extremelymagnificentwhiletakingupawalking—stickorsnuffboxwithafewwretchedlittlediamondsrunningafteroneanotheronit，Idon’tquiteknowwhetherhewasinfinitelypleasedwithmylittleallegory。
\"Oneday，asIenteredhisroom，hecametowardsme，saying，’I
trembletoannouncebadnewstoyou。IhavejustheardthatPrinceKarlofLorraineisdying。’[Isalreadydead，\"atBrussels，July4th；\"DukeofSachsen—TeschenandWifeChristinesucceededhimasJoint—Governorsinthoseparts。]Helookedatmetoseetheeffectthiswouldhave；andobservingsometearsescapingfrommyeyes，he，bygentlesttransitions，changedtheconversation；talkedofwar，andoftheMarechaldeLacy。HeaskedmenewsaboutLacy；andsaid，’Thatisamanofthegreatestmerit。Informertime，CountMercyamongyourselves[killed，whilecommandinginchief，attheBattleofParmain1733]，PuyseguramongtheFrench，hadsomenotionsofmarchesandencampments；oneseesfromHyginus’sBook[ancientBook]ONCASTRAMETATION，thattheGreeksalsoweremuchoccupiedwiththesubject:butyourMarechalsurpassestheAncients，theModernsandallthemostfamousmenwhohavemeddledwithit。Thus，wheneverhewasyourQuartermaster—General，ifyouwillpermitmetomaketheremarktoyou，Ididnotgaintheleastadvantage。RecollectthetwoCampaignsof1758and1759；
yousucceededineverything。Ioftensaidtomyself，’ShallInevergetridofthatman，then？’Youyourselvesgotmeridofhim；
and——[someliberalorevenprofuseeulogyofLacy，whoisDeLigne’sfriend；whichwecanomit]。
\"NextdaytheKing，assoonashesawme，cameup；sayingwiththemostpenetratedair:’Ifyouaretolearnthelossofamanwholovedyou，andwhodidhonortomankind，itwillbebetterthatitbefromsomeonewhofeelsitasdeeplyasIdo。PoorPrinceKarlisnomore。Others，perhaps，aremadetoreplacehiminyourheart；
butfewPrinceswillreplacehimwithregardtothebeautyofhissoulandtoallhisvirtues。’Insayingthis，hisemotionbecameextreme。Isaid:’YourMajesty’sregretsareaconsolation；andyoudidnotwaitforhisdeathtospeakwellofhim。TherearefineverseswithreferencetohiminthePoem，SURL’ARTDELAGUERRE。’
Myemotiontroubledmeagainstmywill；however，Irepeatedthemtohim。
[\"Soutiendemesrivaux，digneappuidetareine，Charles，d’unennemisourdauxcrisdelahaineRecoisl’eloge\"……（forcrossingtheRhinein1744）:tenrathernoblelines，stillworthreading；asindeedthewholePoemwellis，especiallytosoldierstudents（L’ARTDELA
GUERRE，Chantvi。:OEuvresdeFrederic，
x。273）。]TheManofLettersseemedtoappreciatemyknowingthembyheart。
KING。\"’HispassageoftheRhinewasaveryfinething；——butthepoorPrincedependeduponsomanypeople！Ineverdependeduponanybodybutmyself；sometimestoomuchsoformyluck。Hewasbadlyserved，nottoowellobeyed:neithertheonenortheothereverwasthecasewithme。——YourGeneralNadastiappearedtomeagreatGeneralofCavalry？’NotsharingtheKing’sopiniononthispoint，Icontentedmyselfwithsaying，thatNadastiwasverybrilliant，veryfineatmusketry，andthathecouldhaveledhishussarstotheworld’sendandfarther（DANSL’ENFER），sowelldidheknowhowtoanimatethem。
KING。\"’WhathasbecomeofabraveColonelwhoplayedthedevilatRossbach？Ah，itwastheMarquisdeVoghera，Ithink？——Yes，that’sit；forIaskedhisnameaftertheBattle。’
EGO。\"’HeisGeneralofCavalry。’
KING。\"’PERDI！Itneededaconsiderablestomachforfight，tochargelikeyourTwoRegimentsofCuirassiersthere，and，I
believe，yourHussarsalso:fortheBattlewaslostbeforeitbegan。’
EGO。\"’AproposofM。deVoghera，isyourMajestyawareofalittlethinghedidbeforecharging？Heisaboiling，restless，ever—eagerkindofman；andhassomethingofthegoodoldChivalrystyle。
SeeingthathisRegimentwouldnotarrivequickenough，hegallopedaheadofit；andcominguptotheCommanderofthePrussianRegimentofCavalrywhichhemeanttoattack，hesalutedhimasonparade；theotherreturnedthesalute；andthen，Haveateachotherlikemadmen。’
KING。\"’Averygoodstyleitis！Ishouldliketoknowthatman；
Iwouldthankhimforit。——YourGeneralvonRied，then，hadgotthedevilinhim，thattimeatEilenburg[spurtoffightthere，intheMeissenregions，IthinkinYear1758，whentheD’AhrembergDragoonsgotsocutup]，toletthosebraveDragoons，whosolongboreyourNamewithglory，advancebetweenThreeofmyColumns？’——
HehadaskedmethesamequestionattheCampofNeustadttenyearssince；andinvainhadItoldhimthatitwasnotM。deRied；thatRieddidnotcommandthematall；andthatthefaultwasMarechalDaun’s，whooughtnottohavesentthemintothatWoodofEilenburg，stilllessorderedthemtohalttherewithoutevensendingapatrolforward。TheKingcouldnotbearourGeneralvonRied，whohadmuchdispleasedhimasMinisteratBerlin；anditwashiswaytoputdowneverythingtotheaccountofpeoplehedisliked。
KING。\"’WhenIthinkofthosedevilsofSaxonCamps[Summer，1760]，——theywereunattackablecitadels！If，atTorgau，M。deLacyhadstillbeenQuartermaster—General，Ishouldnothaveattemptedtoattackhim。ButthereIsawatoncetheCampwasillchosen。’
EGO。\"’ThesuperiorreputationofCampssometimescausesadesiretoattemptthem。Forinstance，IaskyourMajesty’spardon，butI
havealwaysthoughtyouwouldatlasthaveattemptedthatofPlauen，hadtheWarcontinued。’
KING。\"’Oh，no，indeed！Therewasnowayoftakingthatone。’
EGO。\"’Doesn’tyourMajestythink:WithagoodbatteryontheheightsofDolschen，whichcommandedus；withsomebattalions，rankedbehindeachotherintheRavine，attackingaquarterofanhourbeforedaybreak[andsoforth，atsomelength，——excellentforsoldierreaderswhoknowthePlauenChasm]，youcouldhaveflungusoutofthatalmostimpregnablePlaceofRefuge？’
KING。\"’AndyourbatteryontheWindberg，whichwouldhavescourgedmypoorbattalions，allthewhile，inyourRavine？’
EGO。\"’But，Sire，thenight？’
KING。\"’Oh，youcouldnotmissusevenbygrope。ThatbighollowthatgoesfromBurg，andevenfromPotschappel，——itwouldhavepouredlikeawater—spout[orfire—spout]overus。Yousee，Iamnotsobraveasyouthink。’
\"TheKaiserhadsetoutforhisInterview[FirstInterview，andindeeditisnowmorethanhalfdone，agoodsixweeksofitgone]
withtheCzarinaofRussia。ThatInterviewtheKingdidnotlike[nowonder]:——and，toundothegoodithaddoneus，hedirectly，andveryunskilfully，sentthePrinceRoyaltoPetersburg[whohadnottheleastsuccessthere，loutishfellow，andwasopenlysnubbedbyaCzarinagoneintonewcourses]。HisMajestyalreadydoubtedthattheCourtofRussiawasabouttoescapehim:——andIwasdyingoffearlest，inthemiddleofallhiskindnesses，heshouldrememberthatIwasanAustrian。’What，’saidItomyself，’notasingleepigramonus，oronourMaster？Whatachange！’
\"Oneday，atdinner，babblingPintosaidtothepersonsittingnexthim，’ThisKaiserisagreattraveller；thereneverwasonewhowentsofar。’’Iaskyourpardon，Monsieur，’saidtheKing；
’CharlesFifthwenttoAfrica；hegainedtheBattleofOran。’
And，turningtowardsme，——whocouldn’tguesswhetheritwasbanteroronlyhistory，——’Thistime，’saidhe，’theKaiserismorefortunatethanCharlesTwelfth；likeCharles，heenteredRussiabyMohilow；butitappearstomehewillarriveatMoscow。’
\"ThesamePinto，oneday，understandingtheKingwasatalosswhomtosendasForeignMinistersome—whither，saidtohim:’WhydoesnotyourMajestythinkofsendingLucchesini，whoisamanofmuchbrilliancy（HOMMED’ESPRIT）？’’Itisforthatveryreason，’
answeredtheKing，’thatIwanttokeephim。Ihadrathersendyouthanhim，oradullfellowlikeMonsieur——’Iforgetwhom，butbelieveitisonewhomhedidappointMinistersomewhere。
\"M。deLucchesini，bythecharmofhisconversation，broughtoutthatoftheKing’s。HeknewwhattopicswereagreeabletotheKing；
andthen，heknewhowtolisten；whichisnotsoeasyasonethinks，andwhichnostupidmanwasevercapableof。HewasasagreeabletoeverybodyastohisMajesty，byhisseductivemannersandbythegracesofhismind。Pinto，whohadnothingtorisk，permittedhimselfeverything。Sayshe:’AsktheAustrianGeneral，Sire，allhesawmedowhenintheserviceoftheKaiser。’
EGO。\"’Afire—workatmyWedding，wasn’tthatit，mydearPinto？’
KING（interrupting）。\"’Domethehonortosaywhetheritwassuccessful？’
EGO。\"’No，Sire；itevenalarmedallmyrelations，whothoughtitabadomen。MonsieurtheMajorherehadstruckouttheideaofjoiningTwoflamingHearts，averynovelimageofamarriedcouple。
Butthegroovetheyweretoslideon，andmeet，gaveway:myWife’sheartwent，andmineremained。’
KING。\"’Yousee，Pinto，youwerenotgoodformuchtothosepeople，anymorethantome。’
EGO。\"’Oh，Sire，yourMajesty，sincethen，oweshimsomecompensationforthesabre—cutshehadonhishead。’
KING。\"’Hegetsbuttoomuchcompensation。Pinto，didn’tIsendyouyesterdaysomeofmygoodPreussenhoney？’
PINTO。\"’Oh，surely；——itwastomakethethingknown。IfyourMajestycouldbringthatintovogue，andsellitall，youwouldbethegreatestKingintheworld。ForyourKingdomproducesonlythat；butofthatthereisplenty。’
\"’Doyouknow，’saidtheKing，oneday，tome，——’DoyouknowthatthefirstsoldieringIdidwasfortheHouseofAustria？MONDIEU，howthetimepasses！’——Hehadawayofslowlybringinghishandstogether，inejaculatingtheseMON—DIEUS，whichgavehimquiteagood—naturedandextremelymildair。——（DoyouknowthatIsawtheglitteringofthelastraysofPrinceEugen’sgenius？’
EGO。\"’PerhapsitwasattheseraysthatyourMajesty’sgeniuslititself。’
KING。\"’EH，MONDIEU！whocouldequalthePrinceEugen？’
EGO。\"’Hewhoexcelshim；——forinstance，hewhocouldwinTwelveBattles！’——Heputonhismodestair。Ihavealwayssaid，itiseasytobemodest，ifyouareinfunds。Heseemedasthoughhehadnotunderstoodme，andsaid:——
KING。\"’Whenthecabalwhich，duringfortyyears，thePrincehadalwayshadtostrugglewithinhisArmy，wereplottingmischiefonhim，theyusedtotakeadvantageoftheeveningtime，whenhisspirits，briskenoughinthemorning，werejadedbythefatiguesoftheday。ItwasthustheypersuadedhimtoundertakehisbadMarchonMainz’[Marchnotknowntome]。
EGO。\"’Regardingyourself，Sire，andtheRhineCampaign，youteachmenothing。IknoweverythingyourMajestydid，andevenwhatyousaid。IcouldrelatetoyouyourJourneystoStrasburg，toHolland，andwhatpassedinacertainBoat。AproposofthisRhineCampaign，oneofouroldGenerals，whomIoftensettalking，asonereadsanoldManuscript，hastoldmehowastonishedhewastoseeayoungPrussianOfficer，whomhedidnotknow，answeringaGeneralofthelateKing，whohadgivenouttheorder，Nottogoa—foraging:
\"AndI，Sir，Iorderyoutogo；ourArmyneedsit；inshort，Iwillhaveitso（JELEVEUX）！——\"’
KING。\"’Youlookatmetoomuchfromthefavorableside！AsktheseGentlemenaboutmyhumorsandmycaprices；theywilltellyoufinethingsofme。’
\"WegottalkingofsomeAnecdoteswhichareconsignedto，orconcealedin，certainobscureBooks。’Ihavebeenmuchamused，saidItotheKing，（withthebigcargoofBooks，trueorfalse，writtenbyFrenchRefugees，whichperhapsareunknowninFranceitself。’
[Discoursesalittleonthissubject。]
KING。\"’WheredidyoupickupallthesefineoldPieces？
Thesewouldamusemeonanevening；betterthantheconversationofmyDoctoroftheSorbonne[onePeyrau，awanderingcreature，nototherwiseoftheleastinteresttous]，[Nicolai，
Anekdoten，ii。133n。]whomIhavehere，andwhomIamtryingtoconvert。’
EGO。\"’IfoundthemallinaBohemianLibrary，whereIsatdivertingmyselffortwoWinters。’
KING。\"’How，then？TwoWintersinBohemia？Whatthedevilwereyoudoingthere！Isitlongsince？’
EGO。\"’No，Sire；onlyayearortwo[Potato—Wartime]！Ihadretiredthithertoreadatmyease。’——Hesmiled，andseemedtoappreciatemynotmentioningthelittleWarof1778，andsavinghimanyspeechaboutit。HesawwellenoughthatmyWinter—quartershadbeeninBohemiaonthatoccasion；andwassatisfiedwithmyreticence。Beinganoldsorcerer，whoguessedeverything，andwhosetactwasthefinesteverknown，hediscoveredthatIdidnotwishtotellhimIfoundBerlinchangedsinceIhadlastbeenthere。
ItookcarenottoremindhimthatIwasatthecapturingofitin1760，underM。deLacy’sorders[M。deLacy’sindeed！]。——ItwasforhavingspokenofthefirstcaptureofBerlin，byMarshalHaddick[highlytemporaryasitwas，andfollowedbyRossbach]，thattheKinghadtakenadisliketoM。deRied。
\"AproposoftheDoctoroftheSorbonne[uninterestingPeyrau]withwhomhedailydisputed，theKingsaidtomeonce，’GetmeaBishopricforhim。’’Idon’tthink，’answeredI，（thatmyrecommendation，orthatofyourMajesty，couldbeusefultohimwithus。’’Ah，trulyno！’saidtheKing:’Well，IwillwritetotheCzarinaofRussiaforthispoordevil；hedoesbegintoboreme。
HeholdsoutasJansenist，forsooth。MONDIEU，whatblockheadsthepresentJansenistsare！ButFranceshouldnothaveextinguishedthatnursery（FOYER）oftheirgenius，thatPortRoyal，extravagantasitwas。Indeed，oneoughttodestroynothing！Whyhavetheydestroyed，too，theDepositariesofthegracesofRomeandofAthens，thoseexcellentProfessorsoftheHumanities，andperhapsofHumanity，theEx—JesuitFathers？Educationwillbetheloserbyit。ButasmyBrotherstheKings，mostCatholic，mostChristian，mostFaithfulandApostolic，havetumbledthemout，I，mostHeretical，pickupasmanyasIcan；andperhaps，oneday，Ishallbecourtedforthesakeofthembythosewhowantsome。Ipreservethebreed:Isaid，countingmystocktheotherday，\"ARectorlikeyou，myFather，Icouldeasilysellfor300thalers；you，ReverendFatherProvincial，for600；andsotherest，inproportion。\"Whenoneisnotrich，onemakesspeculations。’
\"Fromwantofmemory，andofopportunitiestoseeoftenerandlongertheGreatestManthateverexisted[Oh，MONPRINCE！]，Iamobligedtostop。Thereisnotawordinallthisbutwashisown；
andthosewhohaveseenhimwillrecognizehismanner。AllIwantis，tomakehimknowntothosewhohavenothadthehappinesstoseehim。HiseyesaretoohardinthePortraits:byworkintheCabinet，andthehardshipsofWar，theyhadbecomeintense，andofpiercingquality；buttheysoftenedfinelyinhearing，ortelling，sometraitofnoblenessorsensibility。Tillhisdeath，andbutquiteshortlybeforeit，——notwithstandingmanylevitieswhichheknewIhadallowedmyself，bothinspeakingandwriting，andwhichhesurelyattributedonlytomydutyasopposedtomyinterest，——hedeignedtohonormewithmarksofhisremembrance；andhasoftencommissionedhisMinisters，atParisandatVienna，toassuremeofhisgood—will。
\"InolongerbelieveinearthquakesandeclipsesatCaesar’sdeath，sincetherehasbeennothingofsuchatthatofFriedrichtheGreat。Iknownot，Sire，whethergreatphenomenaofNaturewillannouncethedaywhenyoushallceasetoreign[greatphenomenamustbeveryidleiftheydo，yourHighness！]——butitisaphenomenonintheworld，thatofaKingwhorulesaRepublicbymakinghimselfobeyedandrespectedforhisownsake，asmuchasbyhisrights\"（Hear，hear）。[PrincedeLigne，MemoiresetMelanges，i。22—40。]
PrincedeLignethereuponhurriesoffforPetersburg，andthefinalSectionofhisKaiser’sVisit。Anerrandofhisown，too，thePrincehad，——abouthisnewDaughter—in—lawMassalska，andclaimsofextensivePolishPropertiesbelongingtoher。HewasthecharmofPetersburgandtheCzarina；butoftheMassalskaPropertiescouldretrievenothingwhatever。ThemunificentCzarinagavehim\"abeautifulTerritoryintheCrim，\"instead；andinvitedhimtocomeandseeitwithher，onhisKaiser’snextVisit（1787，theaquaticVisitandthehighlyscenic）。WhichitiswellknownthePrincedid；andhasputonrecord，inhispleasant，notuntrue，thoughvague，high—coloredandfantasticway，——ifitorheatallconcernedusfarther。
HOWGENERALVONDERMARWITZ，INEARLYBOYHOOD，SAW
FRIEDRICHTHEGREATTHREETIMES（1782—1785）。
GeneralvonderMarwitz，whodiednotmanyyearsago，isoftheoldMarwitzkindred，severalofwhomwehaveknownfortheirruggedhonesties，genialitiesandpeculiarways。ThisGeneral，itappears，hadleftakindofAutobiography；whichfriendsofhisthoughtmightbeusefultothePrussianPublic，afterthoseRadicaldistractionswhichburstoutin1848andonwards；andafirstVolumeoftheMARWITZPOSTHUMOUSPAPERSwasprintedaccordingly，[NACHLASSDESGENERALVONDERMARWITZ（Berlin，1852），1vol。8vo。]
——whetheranymoreIhavenotheard；thoughIfoundthisfirstVolumeanexcellentsubstantialbitofreading；andtheAuthorafineoldPrussianGentleman，veryanalogousinhisstructuretothefineoldEnglishditto；whoshowedmethePER—CONTRAsideofthisandtheothermuch—celebratedmodernPrussianpersonandthing，PrinceHardenberg，JohannesvonMullerandthelike；——andyieldedmoreespeciallythefollowingThreeReminiscencesofFriedrich，beautifullittlePictures，bathedinmorninglight，andevidentlytruetothelife:——
1。JUNE，1782OR1783。\"ThefirsttimeIsawhimwasin1782（oritmightbe1783，inmysixthyear），\"middleofJune，whicheveryear，\"ashewasreturningfromhisAnnualReviewinPreussen[WEST—
Preussen，neverrevisitstheKonigsbergregion]，andstoppedtochangehorsesatDolgelin。\"DolgelinisinMullroseCountry，westwardofFrankfurt—on—Oder；ourMarwitzSchlossnotfarfromit。
\"IhadbeensentwithMamsellBenezet，\"myFrenchGoverness；
\"and，alongwiththeClergymanofDolgelin，wewaitedfortheKing。
\"TheKing，onhisjourneys，generallypreferred，whetheratmiddayorforthenight，tohaltinsomeCountryplace，andattheParsonagesmostofall；probablybecausehewasquietertherethanintheTowns。TotheClergymanthiswasalwaysapieceofluck；
notonlybecause，ifhepleasedtheKing，hemightchancetogetpromoted；butbecausehewassureofprofitablepayment，atanyrate；theKingalwaysordering50thalers[say10guineas]forhisnoonhalt，andforhisnight’slodging100。ThelittlethattheKingatewaspaidforoverandabove。Itistrue，hisSuiteexpectedtobewelltreated；butthisconsistedonlyofoneortwoindividuals。Now，theKinghadbeenwontalmostalways，onthesejourneyshomewards，topassthelastnightofhisexpeditionwiththeClergymanofDolgelin；andhaddonesolastyear，withthispresentonewhowasthenjustinstalled；withhim，aswithhispredecessor，theKinghadtalkedkindly，andthe100thalersweredulyremembered。OurgoodParsonflatteredhimself，therefore，thatthistimetoothesamewouldhappen；andhehadmadeallpreparationsaccordingly。
\"Sowewaitedthere，andacrowdofpeoplewithus。Theteamofhorsesstoodallready（peasants’horses，poorlittlecatsofthings，butthebestthatcouldbepicked，fortherewerethennopost—horsesTHATCOULDRUNFAST）；——thecountry—fellowsthatweretoridepostilionalldecked，andtenheadofhorsesfortheKing’scoach:wheelers，four，whichthecoachmandrovefromhisbox；
thentwosuccessivepairsbefore，oneachpairapostilion—peasant；
anduponthethirdpair，foremostofall，theKing’soutridersweretogo。
\"Andnow，atlast，cametheFELDJAGER[Chacer，Hunting—groom]，withhisbigwhip，onapeasant’s，horse，apeasantwithhimasattendant。Allblazingwithheat，hedismounted；said，TheKingwouldbehereinfiveminutes；lookedattherelays，andthefellowswiththewater—buckets，whoweretosplashthewheels；
gulpeddownaquartofbeer；andso，hissaddleintheinterimhavingbeenfixedonanotherhorse，sprangupagain，andoffatagallop。TheKing，then，wasNOTtostayinDolgelin！SooncamethePage，mountedinlikestyle；ayouthof17or18；
utterlyexhausted；hadtobelifteddownfromhishorse，andagainhelpeduponthefreshone，beingscarcelyabletostand；——andcloseontherearofhimarrivedtheKing。Hewassittingaloneinanold—fashionedglass—coach，whattheycallaVIS—A—VIS（anarrowcarriage，twoseatsforeandaft，andoneachofthemroomforonlyoneperson）。Thecoachwasverylong，likealltheoldcarriagesofthattime；betweenthedriver’sboxandthebodyofthecoachwasaspaceofatleastfourfeet；thebodyitselfwasofpear—shape，peakedbelowandbelliedoutabove；hungonstraps，withrolledknuckles[WINDEN]，didnotrestonsprings；twobeams，connectingforewheelsandhind，rannotUNDERthebodyofthecoach，butalongthesidesofit，thehind—wheelsfollowingwithagoodlyinterval。
\"Thecarriagedrewup；andtheKingsaidtohiscoachman[thefar—
famedPfund]:’IsthisDolgelin？’’Yes，yourMajesty！’——’Istayhere。’’No，’saidPfund；’Thesunisnotdownyet。WecangetonverywelltoMunchebergto—night[tenmilesahead，andaTowntoo，perfidiousPfund！]——andthento—morrowwearemuchearlierinPotsdam。’’NA，HM，——well，ifitmustbeso！’——