place\"thanforamedicalgentlemanofeminence:unworthytreatment，infact，inmanyormostquarters；——followedbyhypochondria，bydreadfulbodilydisorder（kindnotgivenordiscoverable），\"sothatIsufferedthepainsofHell，\"satweeping，satgnashingmyteeth，andcouldn’twriteaNoteafterdinner；
followedfinallybythesickness，andthenbythedeath，ofmypoorWife，\"afterfivemonthsoftorment。\"Uponwhich，in1771，Zimmermann’sfriends——forhehadmanyfriends，being，infact，apersonoffinegracefulintellect，highproudfeelingsandtendersensibilities，gonealltothissadstate——ralliedthemselves；
sethisHanoverhouseinorderforhim（governessforhischildren，whatnot）；andsenthimofftoBerlin，theretobedealtwithbyoneMeckel，anincomparableSurgeon，andbehealedofhisdreadfuldisorder（\"LEIBESSCHADE，ofwhichthefirsttraceshadappearedinBrugg\"），——thoughtomostpeopleitseemedratherhewoulddie；
\"andoneMedicalEminencyinHanoversaidtomyself[Zimmermann]
oneday:’Dr。So—and—soistohaveyourPension，Iamtold；now，byallright，itshouldbelongtome，don’tyouthinkso？’\"What，\"I\"
thoughtofthematter，seeingthegreedygentlemanthus\"partingmyskin，\"maybeconjectured！——
ThefamedMeckelreceivedhisfamedpatientwithanoblenessworthyoftheheroicages。Dodgedhiminhisownhouse，insoftestbedsandappliances；spokecomforttohim，hopetohim，——thegallantMeckel；——rallied，infact，theduemedicalstaffonemorning；
cameuptoZimmermann，who\"stripped，\"withtheheartofalambandlionconjoined，andtrustinginGod，\"flunghimselfonhisbed\"（onhisface，oronhisback，weneverknow），andthere，bythehandsofMeckelandstaff，\"receivedabove2，000（TWOTHOUSAND）cutsinthespaceofanhourandhalf，withoututteringonewordorsound。\"
Afrightfuloperation，gallantlyendured，andskilfullydone；
wherebythe\"bodilydisorder\"（LEIBESSCHADE），whateveritmightbe，waseffectuallyandforeversentaboutitsbusinessbythenobleMeckel。
Hospitalitiesandsoft，hushedkindnessesandsoothingministrations，byMeckelandbyeverybody，werenowdoubledandtrebled:wisekindMadamMeckel，youngkindMamsellMeckelandtheSon（who\"now，in1788，lecturesinGottingen\"）；nottheseonly，norSchmuckerHeadArmy—Surgeon，andtheever—memorableHERR
GENERALCHIRURGUSMadan，whohadbothbeenintheoperation；
nottheseonly，butbydegreesallthatwasdistinguishedintheBerlinworld，Ramler，Busching，Sulzer，PrimeMinisterHerzberg，Queen’sandKing’sEquerries，andhonorablemenandwomen，——borehim\"onangel—wings\"towardscompleterecovery。Talkedtohim，sanganddancedtohim（atleast，the\"Muses\"andthefemaleMeckelsdancedandsang），andalllappedhimagainsteatingcares，till，aftertwelveweeks，hewasfairlyonhisfeetagain，andabletomakejauntsintheneighborhoodwithhis\"life’ssavior，\"andenjoythepleasantAutumnweathertohisfartherprofit。——Allthis，thoughdescribedinridiculoussuperlativebyZimmermann，isreallytouching，beautifulandhuman:perhapsneverinhislifewashesohappy，orathousandthpartsohelpedbyman，aswhileundertheroofofthisthrice—usefulMeckel，——morepowertoMeckel！
HeadArmy—SurgeonSchmuckerhadgonethroughalltheSeven—YearsWar；Zimmermann，anardentHero—worshipper，wasneverwearyquestioninghim，listeningtohiminfullcareerofnarrative，onthisgreatsubject，——onlyeightyearsoldatthattime。Amongtheircountrydrives，MeckeltookhimtoPotsdam，twentyEnglishmilesoff；intheendofOctober，theretostayanight。Thiswastheever—memorableFriday，whenwefirstascendedtheHillofSans—
Souci，andhadoureveningwalkofcontemplation:——tobefollowedbyamorrowwhichwastentimesmorememorable:asreadersshallnowsee。[Jordens，Lexikon（§Zimmermann），v。632—658（exactandeveneloquentaccount，astheseofJordens，unexpectedly，oftenare）；Zimmermannhimself，UNTERREDUNGENMIT
FRIEDRICHDEMGROSSEN（ubiinfra）；Tissot，ViedeM。
Zimmermann（Lausanne，1797）:&c。&c。]
NEXTDAY，ZIMMERMANNHASADIALOGUE。Schmuckerhadhisapartmentsin\"LITTLESANS—SOUCI，\"wheretheKingnowlived（BigSans—Souci，or\"Sans—Souci\"byitself，meansinthosedays，notinoursatall，\"NewPalace，NEUEPALAIS，\"nowinallitssplendoroffreshfinish）。DeCatt，Friedrich’sReader，whomweknowwell，wasaGenevese，andknewZimmermannfromofold。SchmuckerandDeCattwereprivatelytwitchingupFriedrich’scuriosity，——towhomalsoZimmermann’sname，andperhapshislatesurgicaloperation，mightbeknown:\"CanhespeakFrench？\"——\"Nativetohim，yourMajesty。\"
FriedrichhadsomenotiontoseeZimmermann；andjudiciousDeCatt，onthisfortunateSaturday，\"26thOctober，1771，\"morrowafterZimmermann’sarrivalatPotsdam，\"cametoourinnabout，1P。M。
[King’sdinnerjustdone]；andaskedmetocomeandlookatthebeautiesofSans—Souci[BigSans—Souci]foralittle。\"
Zimmermannwillinglywent:Catt，lefthimingoodhandstoseethebeauties；sliptoff，forhisownpart，to\"LITTLESans—Souci；\"cameback，tookZimmermannthither；left，himwithSchmucker，alltrembling，thinkingperhapstheKingmightcallhim。\"Itrembledsometimes，thenagainIfeltexceedinghappiness:\"IwasinSchmucker’sroom，sittingbythefire，mostlyaloneforagoodwhile，\"theroomthathadoncebeenMarquisd’Argens’s\"（whoisnowdead，andburiedfaraway，goodoldsoul）；——when，atlast，abouthalf—past4，Cattcamejumpingin，breathlesswithjoy；snatchedmeup:\"HisMajestywantstospeakwithyouthisverymoment！\"
Zimmermann’sselfshallsaytherest。
\"Ihurried，hand—in—handwithCatt，alongarowofChambers。
’Here，’saidCatt，’wearenowattheKing’sroom！’——Myheartthumped，liketospringoutofmybody。Cattwentin；butnextmomentthedooragainopened，andCattbademeenter。
\"Inthemiddleoftheroomstoodanironcamp—bedwithoutcurtains。
There，onawornmattress，layKingFriedrich，theterrorofEurope，withoutcoverlet，inanoldblueroquelaure。Hehadabigcocked—hat，withawhitefeather[hataged，wornsoftasduffel，equaltomostcaps；\"feather\"isnotperpendicular，buthorizontal，roundtheinsideofthebrim]，onhishead。
\"TheKingtookoffhishatverygraciously，whenIwasperhapstenstepsfromhim；andsaidinFrench（ourwholeDialogueproceededinFrench）:’Comenearer，M。Zimmermann。’
\"IadvancedtowithintwostepsoftheKing；hesaidinthemeanwhiletoCatt:’CallSchmuckerin，too。’HerrSchmuckercame；
placedhimselfbehindtheKing，hisbacktothewall；andCattstoodbehindme。NowtheColloquybegan。
KING。\"’IhearyouhavefoundyourhealthagaininBerlin；Iwishyoujoyofthat。’
EGO。\"’IhavefoundmylifeagaininBerlin；butatthismoment，Sire，Ifindhereastillgreaterhappiness！’[ACH！]
KING。\"’Youhavestoodacrueloperation:youmusthavesufferedhorribly？’
EGO。\"’Sire，itwaswellworthwhile。’
KING。\"’Did，youletthembindyoubeforetheoperation？’
EGO。\"’No:Iresolvedtokeepmyfreedom。’
KING（laughinginaverykindmanner）。\"’Oh，youbehavedlikeabraveSwitzer！Butareyouquiterecovered，though？’
EGO。\"’Sire，IhaveseenallthewondersofyourcreationinSans—
Souci，andfeelwellinlookingatthem。’
KING。\"’Iamgladofthat。Butyoumusthaveacare，andespeciallynotgetonhorseback。’
EGO。\"’ItwillbepleasantandeasyformetofollowthecounselsofyourMajesty。’
KING。\"’FromwhatTownintheCantonofBernareyouoriginally？’
EGO。\"’FromBrugg。’
KING。\"’Idon’tknowthatTown。’[Nowonder，thoughtI！]
KING。\"’Wheredidyoustudy？’
EGO。\"’AtGottingen:Hallerwasmyteacher。’
KING。\"’WhatisM。Hallerdoingnow？’
EGO。\"’Heisconcludinghisliterarycareerwitharomance。’
[USONGhadjustcomeout；——nomortalnowreadsawordofit；
andthegreatHallerisdreadfullyforgottenalready！]
KING。\"’Ah，thatispretty！——Onwhatsystemdoyoutreatyourpatients？’
EGO。\"’Notonanysystem。’
KING。\"’ButtherearesomePhysicianswhosemethodsyouprefertothoseofothers？’
EGO。\"’IespeciallylikeTissot’smethods，whoisafamiliarfriendofmine。’
KING。\"’IknowM。Tissot。Ihavereadhiswritings，andvaluethemverymuch。Onthewhole，IlovetheArtofMedicine。MyFatherwishedmetogetsomeknowledgeinit。HeoftensentmeintotheHospitals；andevenintothoseforvenerealpatients，withaviewofwarningbyexample。’
EGO。\"’Andbyterribleexample！——Sire，MedicineisaverydifficultArt。ButyourMajestyisusedtobringallArtsundersubjectiontotheforceofyourgenius，andtoconquerallthatisdifficult。’
KING。\"’Alas，no:Icannotconquerallthatisdifficult！’
[Hard—mouthedKaunitz，forexample；stock—still，withhisrightearturnedonTurkey:howgetKaunitzintostep！]——HeretheKingbecamereflective；wassilentforalittlemoment，andthenaskedme，withamostbrightsmile:’Howmanychurchyardshaveyoufilled？’
[AcommonquestionofhistoMembersoftheFaculty。]
EGO。\"’Perhaps，inmyyouth，Ihavedonealittlethatway！Butnowitgoesbetter；forIamtimidratherthanbold。’
KING。\"’Verygood，verygood。’
\"OurDialoguenowbecameextremelybrisk。TheKingquickenedintoextraordinaryvivacity；andexaminedmenowinthecharacterofDoctor，withsuchastringencyas，intheyear1751，atGottingen，whenIstoodformyDegree，thelearnedProfessorsHaller，Richter，SegnerandBrendel（forwhichHeavenrecompensethem！）neverdreamedof！Allinflammatoryfevers，andthemostimportantoftheslowdiseases，theKingmusteredwithme，intheirorder。Heaskedme，HowandwherebyIrecognizedeachofthesediseases；howandwherebydistinguishedthemfromtheapproximatemaladies；whatmyprocedurewasinsimpleandincomplicatedcases；andhowIcuredallthosedisorders？Onthevarieties，theaccidents，themodeoftreatment，ofsmall—poxespecially，theKinginquiredwithpeculiarstrictness；——andspoke，withmuchemotion，ofthatyoungPrinceofhisHousewhowascarriedoff，someyearsago，bythatdisorder——
[suddenlyarrestedbyit，whileonmarchwithhisregiment，\"nearRuppin，26thMay，1767。\"ThisisthePrinceHenri，juniorBrotherofthesubsequentKing，FriedrichWilhelmII。，who，amongotherfooleries，invadedFrance，in1792，withsuchsuccess。BothHenriandhe，asboys，usedtobefamiliartousinthefinalwintersofthelateWar。PoorHenrihaddiedattheageofnineteen，——asyetallbrightness，amiabilityandnothingelse:FriedrichsentanELOGEofhimtohisACADEMIE，[InOEuvresdeFrederic，vii。37etseq。]whichistouchinglyandstrangelyfilledwithauthenticsorrowforthisyoungNephewofhis，butotherwiseempty，——amerebottleofsighsandtears]。ThenhecameuponInoculation；wentalongoveranincrediblemultitudeofothermedicalsubjects。Intoallhethrewmasterlyglances；spokeofallwiththesoundest[allinsuperlative]knowledgeofthematter，andwithnolesspenetrationthanlivelinessandsense。
\"Withheartfeltsatisfaction，andwiththefreestsoul，ImademyanswerstohisMajesty。Itistrue，hepotentlysupportedandencouragedme。EverandanonhisMajestywassayingtome:’Thatisverygood；——thatisexcellentlythoughtandexpressed；——yourmodeofproceeding，altogether，pleasesmeverywell；——Irejoicetoseehowmuchourwaysofthinkingcorrespond。’Often，too，hehadthegraciousnesstoadd:’But，Iwearyyouwithmymanyquestions！’
HisscientificquestionsIansweredwithsimplicity，clearnessandbrevity；andcouldnotforbearsometimesexpressingmyastonishmentatthedeepandconclusive（TIEFENUNDFRAPPANTEN）medicalinsightsandjudgmentsoftheKing。
\"HisMajestycamenowuponthehistoryofhisownmaladies。Hetoldmethemover，intheirseries；andaskedmyopinionandadviceabouteach。OntheHAEMORRHOIDS，whichhegreatlycomplainedof，I
saidsomethingthatstruckhim。Instantlyhestartedupinhisbed；
turnedhisheadroundtowardsthewall，andsaid:’Schmucker，writemethatdown！’Istartedinfrightatthisword；andnotwithoutreason！ThenourColloquyproceeded:——
KING。\"’TheGoutlikestotakeuphisquarterswithme；heknowsI
amaPrince，andthinksIshallfeedhimwell。ButIfeedhimill；
Iliveverymeagrely。’
EGO。\"’MayGout，therebygetdisgusted，andforbearevercallingonyourMajesty！’
KING。\"’Iamgrownold。Diseaseswillnolongerhavepityonme。’
EGO。\"’EuropefeelsthatyourMajestyisnotold；andyourMajesty’slook（PHYSIOGNOMIE）showsthatyouhavestillthesameforceasinyourthirtiethyear。’
KING（laughingandshakinghishead）。\"’Well，well，well！’
\"Inthisway，foranhourandquarter，withuninterruptedvivacity，theDialoguewenton。AtlasttheKinggavemethesigntogo；
liftinghishatverykindly，andsaying:’Adieu，mydearM。Zimmermann；Iamverygladtohaveseenyou。’\"
Towards6P。M。now，andFriedrichmustsignhisDespatches；
havehisConcert，havehisreading；thentosupper（asspectatoronly），——withQuintusIciliusandoldLordMarischal，to—night，orwhom？[OfIcilius，andaquarrelandestrangementtherehadlatelybeen，nowhappilyreconciled，seeNicolai，Anekdoten，vi。140—142。]
\"HerrvonCattaccompaniedmeintotheanteroom，andSchmuckerfollowed。Icouldnotstirfromthespot；couldnotspeak，wassocharmedandsotouched，thatIbrokeintoastreamoftears[beingveryweakofnervesatthetime！]。HerrvonCattsaid:’IamnowgoingbacktotheKing；goyouintotheroomwhereItookyouup；
abouteightIwillconductyouhome。’Ipressedmyexcellentcountryman’shand，I\"——\"Schmuckersaid，IhadstoodtoonearhisMajesty；Ihadspokentoofrankly，withtoomuchvivacity；
nay，whatwasunheardofintheworld，Ihad’gesticulated’beforehisMajesty！’InpresenceofaKing，’saidHerrSchmucker，’onemuststandstiffandnotstir。’DeCattcamebacktousateight；
and，inSchmucker’spresence[lethimchewthecudofthat！]，reportedthefollowinglittleDialoguewiththeKing:——
KING。\"’WhatsaysZimmermann？’
DECATT。\"’Zimmermann，atthedoorofyourMajesty’sroom，burstintoastreamoftears。’
KING。\"’Ilovethosetenderaffectionatehearts；IloverightwellthosebraveSwisspeople！’
\"NextmorningtheKingwasheardtosay:’IhavefoundZimmermannquitewhatyoudescribedhim。’——Cattassuredmefurthermore，’SincetheSeven—YearsWartherehadthousandsofstrangers，personsofrank，cometoPotsdam，wishingtospeakwiththeKing，andhadnotattainedthatfavor；andofthosewhohad，therecouldnotoneindividualboastthathisMajestyhadtalkedwithhimanhourandquarteratonce。’[Fourteenyearshence，hedismissedMirabeauinhalfanhour；whichwasitselfagoodallowance。]
\"Sunday27th，IleftPotsdam，withmykindMeckels，inanenthusiasmofadmiration，astonishment，loveandgratitude；
wrotetotheKingfromBerlin，senthimaTissot’sBook（markedonthemarginsforMajesty’suse），whichheacknowledgedbysomewordtoCatt:whereuponI\"——Inshort，IgothometoHanover，inamoreorlessseraphiccondition，——\"withindescribable，unspeakable，\"
whatnot，——earlyinNovember；and，asahealedman，nevermoretroubledwiththatdisorder，thoughstilltroubledwithmanyandmany，endeavoredtogetalittleworkoutofmyselfagain。
[Zimmermann，MeineUnterredungen（Dialogues）
withFriedrichtheGreat（8vo，Leipzig，1788），pp。305—326。]
\"Zimmermannwastall，handsomeofshape；hisexteriorwasdistinguishedandimposing，\"saysJordens。[Ubisupra，p。643。]
\"Hehadafirmandlightstep；stoodgracefully；presentedhimselfwell。Hehadafinehead；hisvoicewasagreeable；andintellectsparkledinhiseyes:\"——haditnotbeenforthosedreadfulhypochondrias，andconfuseddisasters，averyprettyman。AtthetimeofthisfirstvisittoFriedrichheis43yearsofage，andFriedrichisonthebordersof60。Zimmermann，withstillmorefamousDIALOGUES，willreappearonusfromHanover，onasadoccasion！Meanwhile，fewweeksafterhim，hereisaVisitoffarmorejoyfulkind。
SISTERULRIQUE，QUEEN—DOWAGEROFSWEDEN，REVISITSHER
NATIVEPLACE（December，1771—August，1772）。
PrinceHenriwashardlyhomefromPetersburgandtheSwedishVisit，whenpoorAdolfFriedrich，KingofSweden，died。[12thFebruary，1771。]AverygreatandsadeventtohisQueen，whohadlovedheroldman；andisnowleftsolitary，eclipsed，incircumstancesgreatlyalteredonthesudden。Inregardtosettlements，AccessionofthenewPrince，dowagerrevenuesandthelike，allwentrightenough；whichwassomealleviation，thoughaninconsiderable，tothesorrowingWidow。HertwoPrinceswereabsent，touringoverEurope，whentheirFatherdied，andtheelderofthem，KarlGustav，suddenlysawhimselfKing。Theywereinnobreathlesshastetoreturn；visitedtheirUncle，theirPrussiankindred，ontheway，andhadaninterestingweekatPotsdamandBerlin；[April22d—
29th:Rodenbeck，iii。45。]KarlGustavflyingdiligentlyabout，stillincognito，as\"GrafvonGothland，\"——aspiritedyoungfellow，perhapstoospirited；——anddidnotreachhometillMay—daywascome，andtheoutburstoftheSwedishSummerathand。
SomethinktheyoungKinghadalreadysomethingdangerousandseriousinview，andwishedhisMotheroutofthewayforatime。
CertainitisshedecidedonavisittohernativeCountryinDecemberfollowing:arrivedaccordingly，December2d，1771；
andtillthemiddleofAugustnextwasashiningphenomenonintheRoyalHouseandupperranksofBerlinSociety，andatouchingandinterestingonetothebusyFriedrichhimself，asmaybesupposed。
ShehadherownApartmentsandHouseholdatBerlin，inthePalacethere，Ithink；butwentmuchvisitingabout，andreceivingmanyvisits，——fondespeciallyofliterarypeople。
Friedrich’snoticesofherarefrequentinhisLettersofthetime，allaffectionate，naturalandreasonable。HerearethefirsttwoI
meetwith:TOTHEELECTRESSOFSAXONY（threeweeksafterUlrique’sarrival）；\"Athousandexcuses，Madam，fornotansweringsooner！
WhatwillpleadformewithaPrincesswhosowellknowsthedutiesoffriendship，is，thatIhavebeenoccupiedwiththereceptionofaSister，whohascometoseekconsolationinthebosomofherkindredforthelossofalovedHusband，theremembranceofwhomsaddensandafflictsher。\"Andagain，twomonthslater:\"……YourRoyalHighnessdeignstotakesoobliginganinterestinthevisitIhavehad[andstillhave]fromtheQueenofSweden。Ibeheldherasifraisedfromthedeadtome；foranabsenceofeight—and—
twentyyears，intheshortspaceofourduration，isalmostequivalenttodeath。Shearrivedamongus，stillingreatafflictionforthelossshehadhadoftheKing；andItriedtodistracthersadthoughtsbyallthedissipationspossible。Itisonlybydintofsuchthatonecompelsthemindtoshiftawayfromthefatalideawheregriefhasfixedit:thisisnottheworkofaday，butoftime，whichintheendsucceedsineverything。
IcongratulateyourRoyalHighnessonyourJourneytoBavaria[onasomewhatsimilarerrand，wemaypolitelysay]；whereyouwillfindyourselfinthebosomofaFamilythatadoresyou:\"afterwhich，andthesightofoldscenes，howpleasanttogoontoItaly，asyoupropose！[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiv。230，235。\"24thDecember1771，\"\"February，1772。\"Seealso，
\"EptirealaReineDouairieredeSuede\"（PoemontheTroublesshehashad:OEuvresdeFrederic，
xiii。74，\"writteninDecember，1770\"），and\"VersalaReinedeSuede，\"\"January，1771\"（ib。79）。]
QueenUlrique——asolidandingenuouscharacter（inchildhoodafavoriteofherFather’s，sorational，truthfulandofsilentstaidways）——appearstohavebeenpopularintheBerlincircles；
pleasantandpleased，duringtheseeightmonths。Formey，especiallyThiebault，arecopiousonthisVisitofhers；andgiveanumberofinsipidAnecdotes；HowtherewassolemnSessionoftheAcademymadeforher，aPaperoftheKing’stobereadthere，[\"DISCOURSDE
L’UTILITEDESSCIENCESETDESARTSDAMUNETAT\"（in
OEuvresdeFrederic，ix。169etseq。）:read\"27thJanuary，1772。\"Formey，ii。16，&c。&c。]——readingbeautifullydonebyme，Thiebault（oneofmymainfunctions，thisofreadingtheKing’sAcademyPapers，andmydatesofTHEMalwayscorrect）；
howThiebaultwasinvitedtodinnerinconsequence，andagaininvited；howFormeydinedwithherMajesty\"twenty—fivetimes；\"
and\"preachedtoherinthePalace，August19th\"（shouldbeAugust9th）:insipidwholly，vapidandstupid；descriptiveofnothing，exceptofthevapiditiesandvanitiesofcertainpersons。
Leavingthese，wewilltakeanExcerpt，probablyourlast，fromauthenticBusching，whichisatleasttobedependedonforperfectaccuracy，andhasafeatureortwoofportraiture。
Busching，forthelastfiveorsixyears，ishomefromRussia；
comfortablyestablishedhereasConsistorialrath，muchconcernedwithSchool—Superintendence；stillmorewithGEOGRAPHY，withcopiousruggedLiteratureoftheundigestedkind:amanwellseeninsociety；has\"sixfamiliesofrankwhichinvitehimtodinner；\"
allthediningheisequalto，withsomuchundigestedwritingonhishands。Busching，inhisfinalSection，headedBERLINLIFE，Sectionmoreinconditeeventhanitsforegoers，hasthispassage:——
\"OntheQueen—DowagerofSweden，LouiseUlrique’s，comingtoBerlin，Ifeltnotalittleembarrassed。Thecasewasthis:
MostpartoftheSIXTHVOLUMEofmyMAGAZINE[meritoriouscuriousBook，sometimesquotedbyushere，notyetknowninEnglishLibraries]wasprinted；andinit，intheprintedpart，werevariousthingsthatconcernedthedeceasedSovereign，KingAdolfFriedrich，andhisSpouse[nowcometovisitus]，——andamongthesewereArticleswhichthethenrulingpartyinSwedencouldcertainlynotlike。AndnowIwasafraidthesepeoplewouldcomeuponthefalsenotion，thatitwasfromtheQueen—DowagerIhadgottheArticlesinquestion；——notionaltogetherfalse，astheyhadbeenfurnishedmebyBaronKorf[wellknowntoHordtandothersofus，atPetersburg，intheCzar—Petertime]，nowRussianMinisteratCopenhagen。However，whenDukeFriedrichofBrunswick[oneofthejuniors，soldieringherewithhisUncle，astheyalmostallare]
wrotetome，oneday，ThathisLadyAunttheQueenofSwedeninvitedmetodinewithherto—morrow，andthathe，theDuke，wouldintroduceme，——IatoncedecidedtolaymyembarrassmentbeforetheQueenherself。
\"Nextday，whenIwaspresentedtoherMajesty，shetookmebythehand，andledmetoawindow[aswashercustomwithguestswhomshejudgedtobeworthquestioningandtalkingto]，andsoplacedherselfinacornertherethatIcametostandclosebeforeher；
whenshedidmethehonortoaskagreatmanyquestionsaboutRussia，theImperialCourtespecially，andmostofalltheGrand—
Duke[CzarPaulthatistobe，——akindofkinsmanhe，hispoorFatherwasmylateHusband’sCousin—german，asperhapsyouknow]。
Agreatdealoftimewasspentinthisway；sothatthePrincesandPrincesses，punctualtoinvitation，hadtowaitabovehalfanhourlong；andtheQueenwasmorethanonceinformedthatdinnerwasonthetableandgettingcold。Icouldgetnothingofmyownmentionedhere；allIcoulddowastodrawback，inapoliteway，sosoonastheQueenwouldpermit:andafterwards，attable，toexplainwithbrevitymyconcernaboutwhatwasprintedintheMAGAZINE；
andrequesttheQueentopermitmetosendithertoreadforherself。Shehadit，accordingly，thatsameafternoon。
\"Afewdaysafter，sheinvitedmeagain；againspokewithmealongwhileinthewindowembrasure，inalowtoneofvoice:confirmedtomeallthatshehadread，——andinparticular，minutelyexplainedthatLETTEROFTHEKING[oneofmyPieces]inwhichherelateswhatpassedbetweenhimandCountTessin[Son’sTutor]intheQueen’sApartment。Attable，sheverysoontookoccasiontosay:’IcannotimaginetomyselfhowtheHerrConsistorialrath[Busching，towit]
hascomeuponthatLetterofmydeceasedLordtheKingofSweden’s；
whichhisMajestydidwrite，andwhichisnowprintedinyourMAGAZINE。Forcertain，theKingshowedittonobody。’
WhereuponBUSCHING:’Certainly；noristhattobeimagined，yourMajesty。Butthepersonitwasaddressedtomusthaveshownit；
andsoacopyofithascometomyhands。’Queenstillexpressesherwonder；whereuponagain，Busching，withacourageouscandor:
’YourMajesty，mostgraciouslypermitmetosay，thathithertoallSwedishsecretsofCourtorStatehavebeenprocurableformoneyandgoodwords！’TheQueen，towhomIsatdirectlyopposite，castdownhereyesatthesewordsandsmiled；——andtheReichsrathGrafvonSchwerin[aSwedishGentlemanofhers]，whosatatmyleft，seizedmebythehand，andsaid:’Alas，thatistrue！’\"——Hereisadifficultygotover；MagazineNumbercancomeoutwhenitwill。Asitdid，\"nextEaster—Fair，\"withproperindicationsandtacitproofsthattheSwedishpartofitlayprintedseveralmonthsbeforetheQueen’sarrivalinourneighborhood。
BuschingdinedwithherMajestyseveraltimes，——\"eatingnothing，\"
heiscarefultomentionandwascarefultoshowherMajesty，\"except，verygradually，asmallbitofbreadsoakedinaglassofwine！\"——meaningthereby，\"Note，yegreatones，itisnotforyourdainties；infact，itisoutofloyalpolitenessmainly！\"thegloomilyhumbleman。
\"Onetime，theQueenaskedme，inpresenceofvariousPrincesandPrincessesoftheRoyalHouse:’DoyouthinkitadvisabletoenlightentheLowerClassesbyeducation？’TowhichIanswered:
’ConsideringonlyunderwhatheavyloadsamanoftheLowerClasses，especiallyofthePeasantsort，hastostrugglethroughhislife，onewouldthinkitwasbetterneithertoincreasehisknowledgenorrefinehissensibility。Butwhenonereflectsthathe，aswellasthoseoftheHigherClasses，istolastthroughEternity；andwithalthatgoodinstructionmay[ormight，IFitbenotBAD]increasehispracticalintelligence，andhelphimtomethodsofalleviatinghimselfinthisworld，itmustbethoughtadvisabletogivehimusefulenlightenment。’TheQueenaccordedwiththisviewofthematter。
\"TwiceIdinedwithherMajestyatherSister，PrincessAmelia，theAbbessofQuedlinburg’s:——andthesecondtime[musthavebeenSummer，1772]，ProfessorSulzer，whowasalsoaguest，caughthisdeaththere。WhenIenteredthereception—room，Sulzerwasstandinginthemiddleofathorough—draught，whichtheyhadmanagedtohavethere，onaccountofthegreatheat；andhehadjustarrived，allinaperspiration，fromtheThiergarten:Icalledhimoutofthedraught，butitwastoolate。\"[Busching:Beitrage，vi。578—582。]ACH，MEINLIEBERSULZER，——Alas，dearSulzer:
seriouslythistime！
BuschinghasagreatdealtosayaboutSchools，aboutthe\"SchoolCommission1765，\"thesubjectstaught，themethodsofteachingdevisedbyBuschingandothers，andtheKing’scontinualexertions，underdeficientfunds，inthisprovinceofhisaffairs。
Buschinghadunheard—ofdifficultytorebuildtheoldGymnasiumatBerlinintoanew。Triedeverybody；triedtheKingthriceover，butnobodywould。\"OneofthepersonsIappliedtowasLieutenant—
GeneralvonRamin，GovernorofBerlin[surliestofmankind，ofwhosetruculentincivilitytheregomanyanecdotes]；toRaminI
wrote，entreatingthathewouldtakeagoodopportunityandsuggestanewTownSchoolhousetohisMajesty:’Excellenz，itwillrenderyouimmortalintheannalsofBerlin！’TowhichRaminmadeanswer:
’ThatisanimmortalityImustrenouncethehopeof，andleavetotheTown—Syndicsandyourself。I，formyownpart，willbynomeansrisksuchaproposaltohisMajesty；whichhewould，inalllikelihood，answerinthenegative，andreceiveillatanybody’shands。’\"[Ib。vi。568。]Bysubscriptions，bybequests，donationsandtheprivatepietyofindividuals，Buschingaidingandstirring，thethingwasatlastgotdone。HereisanotherglanceintoSchool—
life:notfromBusching:——
JUNE9th，1771。\"ThisYeartheStandeoftheKurmarkfindtheyhaveanoverplusof100，000thalers（15，000pounds）；whichsumtheydothemselvesthepleasureofpresentingtotheKingforhisMajesty’suses。\"Kingcannotacceptitforhisownuses。\"Thismoney，\"
answershe（9thJune），\"comesfromtheProvince，whereforeIfeelboundtolayitoutagainforadvantageoftheProvince。CouldnotitbecomeameansofgettingEnglishhusbandry[TURNIPSinparticular，whethershort—hornsornot，Idonotknow]introducedamongus？IntheTownsthatfollowFarmingchiefly，orinVillagesbelongingtounmoneyedNobles，wewilllendoutthis15，000pounds，at4percent，inconvenientsumsforthatobject:herebywillturnip—cultureandrotationbevouchsafedus；interestat4percentbringsusin600poundsannually；andthiswewilllayoutinestablishingnewSchoolmastersintheKurmark，andhavingtheyouthbettereducated。\"Whataprettyidea；neatandbeautiful，killingtwoimportantbirdswithonemostsmallstone！Ihaveknownenormouscannon—ballsandgraniteblocks，torrentaftertorrent，shotoutunderotherkindsofFinance—gunnery，thatwerenotonlylessrespectable，butthatwereabominabletomeincomparison。
Unluckily，noNobleswerefoundinclined；EnglishHusbandry[\"TURNIPSE\"andtherestofit]hadtowaittheirtime。TheKingagainwrites:\"NoNoblestobefound，sayyou？Well；putthe15，000
poundstointerestinthecommonway，——thattheSchoolmastersatleastmayhavesolacement:Iwilladd120thalers（18pounds）
apiece，thatwemayhaveachanceofgettingbetterSchoolmasters；
——sendmeListofthePlaceswheretheworstare。\"Listwassent；
isstillextant；andonthemarginofit，inRoyalAutograph，thisremark:——
\"ThePlacesarewellselected。ThebadSchoolmastersaremostlyTailors；andyoumustseewhethertheycannotbegotremovedtolittleTowns，andsettotailoringagain，orotherwisedisposedof，thatourSchoolsmightthesoonerriseintogoodcondition，whichisaninterestingthing。\"\"EageralwaysourMasteristohavetheSchoolingofhisPeopleimprovedandeverywherediffused，\"writes，someyearsafterwards，theexcellentZedlitz，officially\"MinisterofPublicJustice，\"butmuchandmeritoriouslyconcernedwithSchoolmattersaswell。TheKing’sideaswereofthebest，andZedlitzsometimeshadfinehopes；butthewantoffundswasalwaysgreat。
\"In1779，\"saysPreuss，\"therecameasadblowtoZedlitz’shopes:
MinistervonBrenkenhof[deepinWest—Preussencanal—diggingsandexpenditures]havingsuggested，ThatinsteadofgettingPensions，theOldSoldiersshouldbeputtokeepingSchool。\"Dobutfancyit；
pooroldfellows，littleversedinscholasticshitherto！
\"Friedrich，inhispinch，graspedatthesmallhelp；wrotetotheWar—Department:’SendmeaListofInvalidswhoarefit[oratleastfittest]tobeSchoolmasters。’Andgotthereuponalistof74，andafterwards5more[79Invalidsinall]；War—Departmentadding，Thatbesidesthesescholasticsort，therewere741servingasBUDNER[Turnpike—keepers，inasort]，asForest—watchersandthelike；and3，443UNVERSORGT\"（shiftingforthemselves，noprovisionmadeforthematall），——suchthecheck，bycoldarithmeticandinexorablefinance，uponthegenialcurrentofthesoul！——
TheTURNIPS，Ibelieve，gotgraduallyin；andBrandenburg，inourday，isamoreandmorebeautifullyfarmedCountry。NorweretheSchoolmastersunsuccessfulatallpoints；thoughIcannotreportacompleteeducationaltriumphonthoseextremelylimitedterms。
[Preuss，iii。115，113，&c。]
QueenUlriqueleft，Ithink，onthe9thofAugust，1772；thereissadfarewellinFriedrich’sLetternextdaytoPrincessSophieAlbertine，theQueen’sDaughter，subsequentlyAbbessofQuedlinburg:heisjustsettingoutonhisSilesianReviews；
\"shall，toolikely，neverseeyourgoodMammaagain。\"
[\"Potsdam，10thAugust，1772:\"OEuvresdeFrederic，xxvii。ii。93。]PoorKing；BerlinCityissoundasleep，whileherushesthroughitonthiserrand，——\"pastthePrincessAmelia’swindow，\"inthedeadofnight；andtakestohummingtenderstrophestohertoo；whichgainanewmeaningbytheirdate。[\"AMA
SOEURAMELIE，ENPASSANT，LANUIT，SOUSSAFENETRE，POURALLEREN
SILESIE（AOUT1772）:\"OEuvresdeFrederic，
xiii。77。]
Tendaysafterwards（19thAugust，1772），——QueenUlriquenotyethome，——herSon，thespiritedKingGustavIII。，atStockholmhadmadewhatinourdayiscalleda\"strokeofstate，\"——putathorninthesnoutofhismonsterofaSenate，namely:\"Lessofpalaver，venalityandinsolence，fromyou，Sirs；we’restoretheConstitutionof1680，’andaresomethingofaKingagain！\"
Donewithconsiderabledexterityandspirit；notonepersonkilledorhurt。Andsurelyitwasthemuzzling—upofagreatdealoffollyontheirside，——providedonlytherecamewisdomenoughfromGustavhimselfinstead。But，alas，theredidnot，therehardlycould。
HisUnclewasalarmed，andnotalittleangryforthemoment:
\"YouhadtwoPartiestoreconcile；aworkoftime，ofpatientendeavor，continualandquiet；nogoodpossibletillthen。
Andinsteadofthat——！\"Gustav，ashiningkindofman，showednowantofspirit，noworafterwards:butheleanttoomuchonFranceandbrokenreeds；——and，intheend，gotshotinthebackbyoneofthosebeautiful\"Nobles\"ofhis，andcametoabadconclusion，theyandhe。[\"16th—29thMarch，1792，\"deathofGustavIII。bythatassassination:\"13thMarch，1809，\"hisSonGustavIV，hastogoonhistravels；\"KarlXIII。，\"achildlessUncle，succeedsforafewyears:afterwhom&c。]ScandinavianPolitics，thankHeaven，arenoneofourbusiness。
QueenUlriquewassparedallthesecatastrophes。ShehadalarmedherBrotherbyadangerousillness，suddenanddangerous，in1775；
whowriteswithgreatanxietyaboutit，toAnotherstillmoreanxious:[See\"CorrespondencewithGustavIII。\"（in
OEuvresdeFrederic，xxvii。ii。84，&c。）。]ofthisshegotwellagain；butitdidnotlastverylong。July16th，1782，shedied；——andthesadFriedrichhadtosay，Adieu。Alas，\"musttheeldestofusmourn，then，bythegraveofthoseyounger！\"
WILHELMINA’SDAUGHTER，ELIZABETHFREDERIKESOPHIE，DUCHESS
OFWURTEMBERG，APPEARSATFERNEY（September，1773）。
OfourdearWilhelmina’shighandunfortunateDaughterthereshouldbesomeBiography；andtherewillsurely，ifamanofsympathyandfacultypassthatway；butthereisnothitherto。Nothinghithertobutafewbaredates；bareandsternlysignificant，asonaTombstone；indicatingthatshehadaHistory，andthatitwasatragicone。Welcometoallofus，inthisstateofmatters，isthefollowingoneclearemergenceofherintothelightofday，andincompanysointerestingtoo！SevenyearsbeforeherdeathshehadgonetoLausanne（July，1773）toconsultTissot，arenownedPhysicianofthosedays。FromLausanne，aftertwomonths，shevisitedVoltaireatFerney。ReadthisLetterofVoltaire’s:——
TOELIZABETHFREDERIKESOPHIE，DUCHESSOFWURTEMBERG
（atLausanne）。
\"FEENEY，10thJuly，1773。
\"MADAM，——IaminformedthatyourmostSereneHighnesshasdeignedtorememberthatIwasintheworld。Itisverysadtobethere，withoutpayingyoumycourt。Ineverfeltsocruellythesadstatetowhicholdageandmaladieshavereducedme。
\"Ineversawyouexceptasachild[1743，heragethen10]:butyouwerecertainlythebeautifulestchildinEurope。MayyoubethehappiestPrincess[alas！]，asyoudeservetobe！IwasattachedtoMadamtheMargravine[yourdearMother]withequaldevotednessandrespect；andIhadthehonortobeprettydeepinherconfidence，forsometimebeforethisworld，whichwasnotworthyofher，hadlostthatadorablePrincess。Youresembleher；——butdon’tresembleherin——feeblenessofhealth！Youareintheflowerofyourage[comingforty，Ishouldfear]:letsuchbrightflowerlosenothingofitssplendor；mayyourhappinessbeabletoequal[PUISSO
EGALER]yourbeauty；mayallyourdaysbeserene，andthesweetsoffriendshipaddanewcharmtothem！Thesearemywishes；theyareaslivelyasmyregretsatnotbeingatyourfeet。WhataconsolationitwouldbeformetospeakofyourlovingMother，andofallyouraugustrelatives！WhymustDestinysendyoutoLausanne[consultingDr。Tissotthere]，andhindermefromflyingthither！——
LetyourmostSereneHighnessdeigntoaccepttheprofoundrespectoftheoldmoribundPhilosopherofFerney。——V。\"[OEuvresdeVoltaire，xcii。331。]
TheAnswerofthePrincess，orfartherCorrespondenceonthematter，isnotgiven；evidentonlythatbyandby，asVoltairehimselfwillinformus，shedidappearatFerney；——andacertainSwedishtourist，oneBjornstahl，whometherthere，enablesuseventogivethedate。Hereportsthisanecdote:——
\"Atsupper，ontheeveningof7thSeptember，1773，thePrincesssatnexttoVoltaire，whoalwaysaddressedher’VOTREALTESSE。’AtlasttheDuchesssaidtohim，’TUESANONPAPA，JESUISTAFILLE，ETJE
VOUZETREAPPELEETAFILLE。’Voltairetookapencilfromhispocket，askedforacard，andwroteuponit:——
’Ah，lebeautitrequevoila！
Vousmedonnezlapremieredesplaces；
Quellefamillej’auraisla！
JeseraisleperedesGraces’
[OEuvresdeVoltaire，xviii。342。]
HegavethecardtothePrincess，whoembracedandkissedhimforit。\"[Vehse，GeschichtederDeutschenHofe
（Hamburg，1853），xxv。252，253。]
VOLTAIRETOFRIEDRICH（afortnightafter）。
\"FERNEY，22dSeptember，1773。
\"ImusttellyouthatIhavefelt，intheselatedays，inspiteofallmypastcaprices，howmuchIamattachedtoyourMajestyandtoyourHouse。MadamtheDuchessofWurtemberghavinghad，likesomanyothers，theweaknesstobelievethathealthistobefoundatLausanne，andthatDr。Tissotgivesitifonepayhim，has，asyouknow，madethejourneytoLausanne；andI，whoammoreveritablyillthanshe，andthanallthePrincesseswhohavetakenTissotforanAEsculapius，hadnotthestrengthtoleavemyhome。MadamofWurtemberg，apprisedofallthefeelingsthatstillliveinmeforthememoryofMadamtheMargravineofBaireuthherMother，hasdeignedtovisitmyhermitage，andpasstwodayswithus。Ishouldhaverecognizedher，evenwithoutwarning；shehastheturnofherMother’sfacewithyoureyes。
\"YouHero—peoplewhogoverntheworlddon’tallowyourselvestobesubduedbyfeelings；youhavethemallthesameaswe，butyoumaintainyourdecorum。Weotherpettymortalsyieldtoallourimpressions:Isetmyselftocry，inspeakingtoherofyouandofMadamthePrincessherMother；andshetoo，thoughsheisNieceofthefirstCaptaininEurope，couldnotrestrainhertears。
Itappearstome，thatshehasthetalent（ESPRIT）andthegracesofyourHouse；andthatespeciallysheismoreattachedtoyouthantoherHusband[Ishouldthinkso！]。Shereturns，Ibelieve，toBaireuth，——
——[NoMother，noFathertherenow:foolishUncleofAnspathdiedlongago，\"3dAugust，1757:\"AuntDowagerofAnspachgonetoErlangen，Ihope，toFeuchtwang，SchwabachorSchwaningen，orsomeWidow’s—Mansion\"WITTWENSITZ\"ofherown；[Lived，finallyatSchwaningen，insightofsuchvicissitudesandfolliesroundher，till\"4thFebruary，1784\"（Rodenbeck，iii。304）。]reigningSon，withhisFrench—Actressequipments，beingofquestionablefigure]，——
——\"returns，Ibelieve，toBaireuth；whereshewillfindanotherPrincessofadifferentsort；ImeanMademoiselleClairon，whocultivatesNaturalHistory，andisLadyPhilosophertoMonseigneurtheMargraf，\"——high—rougedTragedy—Queen，rathertyrannousuponhim，theysay:ayoungmandestinedtoadornHammersmithbyandby，andnotgoagoodroad……\"IrenouncemybeautifulhopesofseeingtheMahometansdrivenoutofEurope，andAthensbecomeagaintheSeatoftheMuses。
NeitheryounortheKaiserare\"——areinclinedintheCrusadingwayatall……\"TheoldsickmanofFerneyisalwaysatthefeetofyourMajesty；hefeelsverysorrythathecannottalkofyoufartherwithMadamtheDuchessofWurtemberg，whoadoresyou。——
LEVIEUXMALADE。\"[OEuvresdeVoltaire，
xcii。390。]
TowhichFriedrichmakesanswer:\"Ifitisforevermoreforbiddenmetoseeyouagain，IamnotthelessgladthattheDuchessofWurtemberghasseenyou。Ishouldcertainlyhavemixedmytearswithyours，hadIbeenpresentatthattouchingscene！Beitweakness，beitexcessofregard，IhavebuiltforherlostMother，whatCiceroprojectedforhisTullia，aTEMPLEOFFRIENDSHIP:herStatueoccupiesthebackground，andoneachpillarstandsamask（MASCARON）containingtheBustofsomeHeroinFriendship:Isendyouthedrawingofit。\"[\"Potsdam，24thOctober，1773:\"
OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。259:——\"Temple\"wasbuiltin1768（Ib。p。259n。）。]WhichagainsetsVoltaireweeping，andwilltheDuchesswhensheseesit。[Voltaire’snextLetter:
OEuvresdeVoltaire，xcii。434。]
WesaidtherehithertowasnearlynothinganywherediscoverableasHistoryofthishighLadybutthedatesonly；thesewenowgive。
Shewas\"born30thAugust，1732，\"——herMother’sandFather’soneChild；——fouryearsolderthanherAnspachCousin，whoinheritedBaireuthtoo，andfinishedoffthatgenealogy。Shewas\"wedded26thSeptember，1748；\"heragethenabout16；hergloomyDukeofWurtemberg，age20，allsunshineandgoodnesstoherthen:shewas\"divorcedin1757:\"\"died6thApril，1780，\"——Traditionsays，\"ingreatpoverty[greatforherrank，Isuppose，proudasshemightbe，andabovecomplaining]，——atNeustadt—on—the—Aisch\"（intheNurnbergregion），whithershehadretired，IknownothowlongafterherPapa’sdeathandCousin’saccession。SheisboundforherCousin’sCourt，weobserve，justnow；and，consideringherCousin’swaysandherownturnofmind，itiseasytofancyshehadnotapleasanttimethere。
Traditiontellsus，crediblyenough，\"ShewasverylikeherMother:
beautiful，muchthelady（VONFEINEMTON），andofenergeticcharacter；\"andadds，probablyonslightfoundation，\"butverycoldandproudtowardsthepeople。\"[Vehse，xxv。251。]ManyBookswillinformyouhow，\"OnfirstenteringStuttgard，whenthereigningDukeandsheweremetbyapartyofcongratulatorypeasantwomendressedintheirnationalcostume，shesaidtoherDuke，\"beingthenonlysixteen，pooryoungsoul，andonhermarriage—journey，\"’WASWILLDASGESCHMEISS（Whydoesthatrabbleboreus）！’\"Thisisprobablythemainfoundation。That\"herLadies，onapproachingher，hadalwaystokissthehemofhergown，\"layinthenatureofthecase，beingthentheruletopeopleofherrank。
BeautifulUnfortunate，adieu:——andbeVoltairethanked，too！——
ItislongsincewehaveseenVoltairebefore:——aprosperousLordatFerneythesedozenyears（\"theonlymaninFrancethatliveslikeaGRANDSEIGNEUR，\"saysCardinalBernistohimonce[TheirCORRESPONDENCE，reallyprettyofitskind，usedtocirculateasaseparateVolumeintheyearsthensubsequent。]）；doinggreatthingsforthePaysdeGexandforFrance，andforEurope；deliveringtheCalases，theSirvensandtheOppressedofvariouskinds；
especiallyardentupontheINFAME，astherealbusinessHeavenhasassignedhiminhisDay，thesunsetofwhich，andNightwhereinnomancanwork，hefeelstobehasteningon。\"Couldn’twe，thefewFaithful，gotoCleveinabody？\"thinksheatonetime:\"ToCleve；
andthere，asfromasafeplace，underthePhilosopherKing，shootoutourfieryartillerieswitheffect？\"ThePhilosopherKingisperfectlywilling，\"providedyoudon’tinvolvemeinWarswithmyneighbors。\"Willingenoughhe；buttheytheFaithful——alas，thePatriarchfindsthattheyhavenoneofhisownheroicardor，andthatthethingcannotbedone。Uponwhich，\"struckwithsorrow，\"
sayhisBiographers，\"hewritesnothingtoFriedrichfortwoyears。\"[\"Nov。1769，\"recommences（OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。140。139）。]
Thetruthis，heisgrowingveryold；andthoughapiercingradiance，asofstars，burstsoccasionallyfromthecentralpartofhim，theoutworksaregettingdecayedanddim；obstructionmoreandmoreaccumulating，andtheimmeasurableNightdrawingnigh。
WelldoesVoltairehimself，atallmoments，knowthis；andhisbearingunderit，onemustsay，isratherbeautiful。Thereisatenderness，asadness，inthesehislaterLetterstoFriedrich；
insteadofemphasisorstrength，abeautifulshrillmelody，asofawoman，asofachild；hegrievesunappeasablytohavelostFriedrich；neverwillforgiveMaupertuis:——pooroldman！
Friedrichanswersinamuchlivelier，morerobusttone:friendly，encouraging，communicativeonsmallmatters；——fullofpraises，——infact，sincerelygladtohavesuchatranscendentgeniusstillalivewithhiminthisworld。PraisestothemostliberalpitcheverythingofVoltaire’s，——exceptonlytheArticleonWAR，whichoccasionally（asbelow）hequizzesalittle，tothePatriarchorhisDisciple。
Aswehaveroomfornothingofallthis，andperhapsshallnotseeVoltaireagain，——thereareTwoactualInterviewswithhim，which，beingwithalbyEnglishmen，thoughotherwisenotgoodformuch，weintendforreadershere。IntheselasttwentyyearsD’AlembertisFriedrich’schiefCorrespondent。OfD’AlemberttotheKing，itmaybeormaynot，someopportunitywillriseforaspecimen；meanwhilehereisashortLetteroftheKing’stoD’Alembert，throughwhichtherepasssomanythreadsofcontemporaneousflyingevents（swiftshuttlesontheloud—soundingLoomofTime），thatwearetemptedtogivethis，beforethetwoInterviewsinquestion。
DateoftheLetteristwomonthsafterthatapparitionoftheDuchessofWurtembergatFerney。Of\"Crillon，\"aningeniousenoughyoungSoldier，rushingardentlyabouttheworldinhisholidaytime，wehavenothingtosay，exceptthatheisSonofthatRossbachCrillon，whoalwaysfanciestohimselfthatonceheperhapssparedFriedrich’slife（byaglassofwinejudiciouslygiven）longsince，whiletheBridgeofWeissenfelswasonfire，andRossbachcloseahead。[Supra，x。6。]Colonel\"Guibert\"isanotherSoldier，stillyoung，butofmuchsuperiortype；greatlyanadmirerofFriedrich，andsubsequentlyaWriteruponhim。[OfGuibert’svisittoFriedrich（June，1773），seePreuss，iv。214；Rodenbeck，iii。80。]
Inregardtothe\"LandgravineofDarmstadt，\"noticethesepoints。
First，thathereldestDaughterisWife，secondWife，tothedissoluteCrown—PrinceofPrussia；andthen，thatshehasThreeotherDaughters，——oneofwhomhasjustbeendisposedofinanimportantway；weddedtotheCzarowitshPaulofRussia，namely。
ByFriedrich’smeansandmanagement，asFriedrichinformsus。
[OEuvresdeFrederic，（MEMOIRESDE1763
JUSQU’A1775），vi。57。]TheCzarina，hesays，hadsentoutaconfidentialGentleman，oneAsseburg，whowasPrussianbybirth，toseekafitWifeforherSon:Friedrich，hearingofthis，suggestedtoAsseburg，\"TheLandgravineofDarmstadt，themostdistinguishedandaccomplishedofGermanPrincesses，hasthreemarriageableDaughters；hereldest，marriedtoourCrown—Prince，willbeQueenofPrussiaintimecoming；——supposenow，oneoftheothersweretobeCzarinaofRussiawithal？Think，mightitnotbeusefulbothtoyournativeCountryandtoyouradopted？\"Asseburgtookthehint；
reportedatPetersburg，ThatofallmarriageablePrincessesinGermany，theThreeofDarmstadt，oneortheotherofthem，would，inhishumbleopinion，betheeligiblest。\"CouldnotwepersuadeyoutocometoPetersburg，MadamLandgravine？\"wrotetheCzarinathereupon:\"Dousthehonorofavisit，yourthreePrincessesandyou！\"TheLandgravineandDaughters，withdecentcelerity，gotunderway；[PassedthroughBerlin16th—19thMay，1773:Rodenbeck，iii。78。]CzarowitshPaultookinterestingsurvey，ontheirarrival；andabouttwomonthsagoweddedthemiddleoneofthethree:——andhereisthevictoriousLandgravinebringinghometheothertwo。Czarowitsh’sfaironedidnotlivelong，norbehavewell:diedofherfirstchild；andCzarowitsh，in1776，hadtoapplytousagainforaWife，whomthistimewefittedbetter。
Happily，thepoorvictoriousLandgravinewasgonebeforeanythingofthis；shediedsuddenlyfivemonthshence；[30thMarch，1774。]
nothingdoubtingofherRussianAdventure。ShewasanadmiredPrincessofhertime，DIEGROSSELANDGRAFIN，asGoethesomewherecallsher；muchinFriedrich’sesteem，——FEMINASEXU，INGENIOVIR，astheMonumentheraisedtoheratDarmstadtstillbears。
[OEuvresdeFrederic，xx。183n。
HisCORRESPONDENCEwithherisIb。xxviiii。135—153；andgoesfrom1757to1774。]
FRIEDRICHTOD’ALEMBERT。
\"POTSDAM，16thDecember，1773。
\"M。deCrillondeliveredmeyourCRILLONADE[lengthyLetterofintroduction]；whichhascompletedmeintheHistoryofalltheCrillonsoftheCountyofAvignon。Hedoesn’tstophere；heissoontobeoffforRussia；sothatIwilltakehimonyourword，andbelievehimthewisestofalltheCrillons:assuringmyselfthatyouhavemeasuredandcomputedallhiscurves，andanglesofincidence。HewillfindDiderotandGrimminRussia[famousvisitofDiderot]，alloccupiedwiththeCzarina’sbeautifulreceptionofthem，andwiththemanythingsworthyofadmirationwhichtheyhaveseenthere。SomesayGrimmwillpossiblyfixhimselfinthatCountry[chosebetter]，——whichwillbetheasylumatonceofyourfanaticCHAUMEIXESandoftheENCYCLOPEDISTES，whomheusedtodenounce。[ThispoorChaumeixdid，aftersuchfeats，\"diepeaceablyatMoscow，asaSchoolmaster。\"]
\"M。deGuiberthasgonebyFerney；whereitissaidVoltairehasconvertedhim，thatis，hasmadehimrenouncetheerrorsofambition，abjurethefrightfultradeofhiredmanslayer，withintenttobecomeeitherCapuchinorPhilosophe；sothatIsupposebythistimehewillhavepublisheda’Declaration’likeGresset，informingthepublicThat，havinghadthemisfortunetowriteaWorkonTactics，herepenteditfromthebottomofhissoul，andherebyassuredmankindthatnevermoreinhislifewouldhegiverulesforbutcheries，assassinations，feints，stratagemsorthelikeabominations。Astome，myconversionnotbeingyetinanadvancedstage，IprayyoutogivemedetailsaboutGuibert’s，tosoftenmyheartandpenetratemybowels。
\"WehavetheLandgravineofDarmstadthere:[Rodenbeck，iii。89，90。]noendtotheLandgravine’spraisesofamagnificentCzarina，andofallthebeautifulandgrandthingsshehasfoundedinthatCountry。Astous，wholivelikemiceintheirholes，newscometousonlyfrommouthtomouth，andthesenseofhearingisnothinglikethatofsight。Icherishmywishes，inthemeanwhile，forthesageAnaxagoras[myD’Alemberthimself]；andIsaytoUrania，’ItisfortheetosustainthyforemostApostle，tomaintainonelight，withoutwhichagreatKingdom[France]wouldsinkintodarkness；’
andIsaytotheSupremeDemiurgus:’HavealwaysthegoodD’Alembertinthyholyandworthykeeping。’——F。\"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiv。614。]
THEBOSTONTEA（sameday）。Curioustoremark，whileFriedrichiswritingthisLetter，\"THURSDAY，DECEMBER16th，1773，\"whatacommotionisgoingon，faroverseas，atBoston，NewEngland，——inthe\"OldSouthMeeting—house\"there；inregardtothreeEnglishTeaShipsthatarelyingembargoedinGriffin’sWharfforaboveafortnightpast。Thecaseiswellknown，andstillmemorabletomankind。BritishParliament，afternineyearsofthesaddesthagglingandbafflingtoandfro，underConstitutionalstressofweather，andsucheast—windsandwest—windsofParliamentaryeloquenceasseldomwere，hasmadeupitsmind，ThatAmericashallpaydutyontheseTeasbeforeinfusingthem:andAmerica，Bostonmoreespecially，istacitlydeterminedthatitwillnot；andthat，toavoidmistakes，theseTeasshallneverbelandedatall。SuchisBoston’sprivateintention，moreorlessfixed；——tosaynothingofthePhiladelphias，Charlestons，NewYorks，whoarewatchingBoston，andwillfollowsuitofit。
\"Sunday，November26th，——thatis，nineteendaysago，——thefirstoftheseTeaShips，theDARTMOUTH，CaptainHall，mooreditselfinGriffin’sWharf:OwnerandConsigneeisabroad—brimmedBostongentlemancalledRotch，moreattentivetoprofitsoftradethantothegroansofBoston:——butalreadyonthatSunday，muchmoreontheMondayfollowing，therehadameetingofCitizensruntogether，——
（onMonday，FaneuilHallwon’tholdthem，andtheyadjourntotheOldSouthMeeting—house），——whomakeitapparenttoRotchthatitwillmuchbehoovehim，forthesakebothofteaandskin，notto’enter’（orofficiallyannounce）thisShipDARTMOUTHattheCustom—
houseinanywise；buttopledgehisbroad—brimmedword，equivalenttohisoath，thatsheshallliedormantthereinGriffin’sWharf，tillwesee。Which，accordingly，shehasbeendoingeversince；
sheandtwoothersthatarrivedsomedayslater；dormantallthreeofthem，sidebyside，threecrewstotallyidle；a’CommitteeofTen’supervisingRotch’sprocedures；andtheBostonworldmuchexpectant。Thursday，December16th:thisisthe20thdaysinceRotch’sDARTMOUTHarrivedhere；ifnot’entered’atCustom—houseinthecourseofthisday，Custom—housecannotgivehera’clearance’
either（aleavetodepart），——shebecomesasmuggler，anoutlaw，andherfateismysterioustoRotchandus。
\"ThisThursdayaccordingly，by10inthemorning，intheOldSouthMeeting—house，Bostonisassembled，andcountry—peopletothenumberof2，000；——andRotchneverwasinsuchacompanyofhumanFriendsbefore。Theyarenotunciviltohim（cautiouspeople，heedfulofthevergeoftheLaw）；buttheyareperemptory，totheextentof——Rotchmayshuddertothinkwhat。\"IwenttotheCustom—
houseyesterday，’saidRotch，’yourCommitteeofTencanbearmewitness；anddemandedclearanceandleavetodepart；buttheywouldnot；wereforbidden，theysaid！’’Go，then，sir；getyoutotheGovernorhimself；aclearance，andoutofharborthisday:hadn’tyoubetter？’Rotchiswellawarethathehad；hastensofftotheGovernor（whohasvanishedtohisCountry—house，onpurpose）；
OldSouthMeeting—houseadjourningtill3P。M。，forRotch’sreturnwithclearance。
\"At3noRotch，norat4，norat5；miscellaneousplangentintermittentspeechinstead，mostlyplangent，intonesorrowfulratherthanindignant:——ataquarterto6，hereatlengthisRotch；
sunislongsinceset，——hasRotchaclearanceornot？Rotchreportsatlarge，willingtobequestionedandcross—questioned:
’Governorabsolutelywouldnot！MyChristianfriends，whatcouldI
orcanIdo？’Therearebythistimeabout7，000peopleinOldSouthMeeting—house，veryfewtallow—lightsincomparison，——almostnolightsforthemindeither，——anditisdifficulttoanswer。
Rotch’sreportdone，theChairman[oneAdams，\"AmericanCato，\"
subsequentlysocalled]dissolvesthesorrowful7，000，withthesewords:’ThisMeetingdeclaresthatitcandonothingmoretosavetheCountry。’Willmerelygohome，then，andweep。Hark，however:
almostontheinstant，infrontofOldSouthMeeting—house，（aterrificWar—whoop；andaboutfiftyMohawkIndians，’——withwhomAdamsseemstobeacquainted；andspeakswithoutInterpreter:Aha？——
\"And，sureenough，beforethestrokeof7，thesefiftypaintedMohawksareforward，withoutnoise，toGriffin’sWharf；haveputsentriesallroundthere；and，inagreatsilenceoftheneighborhood，arebusy，inthreegangs，uponthedormantTeaShips；
openingtheirchests，andpunctuallyshakingthemoutintothesea。
’Listeningfromthedistance，youcouldheardistinctlytherippingopenofthechests，andnoothersound。’About10P。M。allwasfinished:342chestsofteaflungouttoinfuseintheAtlantic；
thefiftyMohawksgonelikeadream；andBostonsleepingmoresilentlyeventhanusual。\"[\"SummaryoftheAdvicesfromAmerica\"
（inGentleman’sMagazinefor1774，pp。26，27）；Bancroft，iii。536etseq。]
\"Sevenintheevening:\"this，Icalculate，allowingfortheEarth’srotation，willbeaboutthetimewhenFriedrich，welltiredwiththeday’sbusiness，isgettingtobed；by10ontheBostonclocks，whentheprocessfinishesthere，Friedrichwillhavehadthebestofhissleepover。HereisMontcalm’sProphecycomingtofulfilment；——andacuriousintersectionofaflyingEventthroughone’spoorLETTERTOD’ALEMBERT。WewillnowgivethetwoEnglishInterviewswithVoltaire；oneofwhichisofthreeyearspast，anotherofthreeyearsahead。
No。1。DRBURNEYHASSIGHTOFVOLTAIRE（July，1770）。
Intheyears1770—1771，Burney，thenafamousDOCTOROFMUSIC，madehisTOURthroughFranceandItaly，onMusicalerrandsandresearches:[CharlesBurney’sPresentStateofMusicinFranceandItaly，beingtheJournalofaTourthroughthoseCountriestocollectMaterialsforaGeneralHistoryofMusic（London，1773）。TheHistoryofMusic
followedduly，inFour4tos（London，1776—1789）。]withthesewehavenoconcern，butonlywithonemostsmallexceptionaloffshootorepisodewhichgrewoutofthese。EnoughforustoknowthatBurney，acomfortable，well—disposed，ratherdullthoughvivaciousDoctor，agenear45，hadleftLondonforParis\"inJune，1770；\"
thathewasontoGeneva，intendingforTurin，\"earlyinJuly；\"
andthathis\"M。Fritz，\"mentionedbelow，isaveteranBrotherinMusic，settledatGenevaforthelastthirtyyears，whohasbeenhelpfulandagreeabletoBurneywhilehere。OurExcerptthereforedatesitself，\"oneoftheearlydaysofJuly，1770，\"——Burneyhoveringbetweentwoplans（asweshalldimlyperceive），andnotexactlyexecutingeither:——……\"MygoingtoM。Fritzbroke[wasaboutbreaking，butdidnotquite]intoaplanwhichIhadformedofvisitingM。deVoltaire，atthesamehour，alongwithsomeotherstrangers，whowerethengoingtoFerney。But，tosaythetruth，besidesthevisittoM。FritzbeingmoreMYBUSINESS，Ididnotmuchlikegoingwiththesepeople，whohadonlyaGenevaBooksellertointroducethem；
andIhadheardthatsomeEnglishhadlatelymetwitharebufffromM。deVoltaire，bygoingwithoutanyletterofrecommendation，oranythingtorecommendthemselves。HeaskedthemWhattheywanted？
UpontheirreplyingThattheywishedonlytoseesoextraordinaryaman，hesaid:’Well，gentlemen，younowseeme:didyoutakemeforawildbeastormonster，thatwasfitonlytobestaredatasashow？’Thisstoryverymuchfrightenedme；for，nothaving，whenI
leftLondon，orevenParis，anyintentionofgoingtoGeneva，Iwasquiteunprovidedwitharecommendation。However，Iwasdeterminedtoseetheplaceofhisresidence，whichItooktobe[stillLES
DELICES]，CETTEMAISOND’ARISTIPPE，CESJARDINSD’PICURE，towhichheretiredin1755；butwasmistaken[notTheDELICESnowatall，butFerney，fornineortenyearsback]。
\"IdrovetoFerneyalone，afterIhadleftM。Fritz。ThisHouseisthreeorfourmilesfromGeneva，butneartheLake。Iapproacheditwithreverence，andacuriosityofthemostminutekind。IinquiredWHENIfirsttrodonhisdomain；Ihadanintelligentandtalkativepostilion，whoansweredallmyquestionsverysatisfactorily。
M。deVoltaire’sestateisverylargehere，andheisbuildingprettyfarm—housesuponit。HehaserectedontheGenevasideaquadrangularJUSTICE，orGallows，toshowthatheistheSEIGNEUR。
Oneofhisfarms，orrathermanufacturinghouses，——forheisestablishingamanufactureuponhisestate，——wassohandsomethatI
thoughtitwashischateau。