andsangTE—DEUMaboutit；——butprofitednothingbythatpieceofmelody。Thefact，considerableornot，was，fromthefirst，tooundeniable:Brownebeatenfromthefield。Andbeatenfromhisattempttoo（theSaxonsnotrelievablebythismethod）；andliesquietinBudinagain，——withhiswatersuretohim；butwhatotheradvantagesgained？
HerearetwoLetters，briefboth，whichwemayaswellread:——
1。FRIEDRICHTOWILHELMINA（atBaireuth）。
\"LOBOSITZ，4thOctober，1756。
\"MYDEARSISTER，——Yourwillisaccomplished。TiredoutbytheseSaxondelays，IputmyselfattheheadofmyArmyofBohemia[Keith’shitherto]；andmarchedfromAussigto——aNamewhichseemedtomeofgoodaugury，beingyours，——totheVillageofWelmina[BattlewascalledOFWELMINA，bythePrussiansatfirst]。IfoundtheAustrianshere，nearLobositz；and，afteraFightofsevenhours，forcedthemtorun。Nobodyofyouracquaintanceiskilled，exceptGeneralsLuderitzandOErzen[whoarenotofours]。
\"Ireturnyouathousandthanksforthetenderpartyoutakeinmylot。WouldtoHeaventhevalorofmyArmymightprocureusastablePeace！ThatoughttobetheaimofWar。Adieu，mydearSister；
Iembraceyoutenderly，assuringyouofthelivelyaffectionwithwhichIam—F。\"[OEuvres，xxvii。i。291。]
2。PRINCEOFPRUSSIATOVALORI（whoisstillatBerlin，butsoongoingasitproves，——Broglio’sexplosionattheLinesofGross—Sedlitzbeingonhand，duringtheKing’sabsence，intheseveryhours[\"5th—6thOctober\"（Valori，ii。353）。]
\"CAMPOFLOBOSITZ，5thOctober，1756。
\"Youwillknowthenewsoftheday；andIampersuadedyoutakepartinit。AllyousaytomebetokenstheconspiracythereisforthedestructionofourCountry。IfthatisdeterminedintheBookofFate，wecannotescapeit。
\"Hadmyadvicebeenasked，ayearago，IshouldhavevotedtopreservetheAlliance[withYOU]whichwehadbeenusedtoforsixteenyears[strictlyfortwelve，thoughinsubstanceeversince1740]，andwhichwasbynatureadvantageoustous。Butifmyadvicewereaskedjustnow，Ishouldanswer，Thatthesaidmethodbeingnowimpossible，weareinthecaseofaship’scaptainwhodefendshimselfthebesthecan，andwhenallresourcesareexhausted，has，ratherthansurrenderonshamefulconditions，tofirethepowder—
magazine，andblowuphisship。YourememberthatofyourFrancoisI。\"——FORSL’HONNEUR；ahyes，verywell！——\"PerhapsitwillbemypoorChildrenwhowillbethevictimsofthesepasterrors，\"
——forsuchIstillthinkthem，Iformypart。
\"TheGazettesenumeratetheFrenchtroopsthataretobesiegeWesel，Geldern[Weseltheywillgetgratis，poorGeldernwillalmostbreaktheirheartfirst]，andtakepossessionofOst—
Friesland；theRussianDeclaration[Manifestonotworthreading]
tellsusRussia’sintentionsforthenextyear[mosttruculentintentions]:wewilldefendourselvestothelastdropofourblood，andperishwithhonor。Ifyouhaveanycounselfarther，I
prayyougiveitme。
MAPGOESHERE——BETWEENP。350AND351ChapVIIbook17
\"Remainalwaysmyfriend；andbelievethatinallsituationsIwillremainyours；andtryingtodowhatmydutyis，willnotforfeitthesentimentsonyourpartwhichhavebeensoprecioustome。
Yourservant，GUILLAUME。\"[Valori，ii。204—206。]
\"PitythisgoodPrincecontemplatingthedownfallofhisHouse，\"
suggestsValori:\"Hedeservedabetterfate！HewouldbeindespairtothinkIhadsentthisLettertoyourExcellency；butIthoughtperhapsyouwouldshowittotheKing，\"——andthatitmightdogoodoneday。[Valori（totheFrenchMinister，\"12thOctober，1756\"），ii。204。]ThePrussianslayintheir\"CampofLobositz，\"postedupanddowninthatneighborhood，foracoupleofweeksmore；
waitingwhetherRrownewouldattemptanythingfartherinthefightingway；and，infine，whetherthesolutionofthecrisiswouldfallouthereabouts，orontheothersideoftheHills。
ChapterVII。
THESAXONSGETOUTOFPIRNAONDISMALTERMS。
ThedisasterofOctober1st——forwhichtheyweretryingtosingTE—DEUMSatVienna——fellheavieronthepoorSaxons，intheircageatPirna:\"Alas，whereisourdeliverancenow？\"Friedrich’speople，intheirlineshere，gavethemsucha\"joy—firing\"forLobositzasRetzowhasseldomheard；hugevolleyings，salvoings，running—fires，startingout，artisticallytimedandstationed，thunderous，high；
andbornebytheechoes，gloomilyreverberative，intoeverydellandlabyrinthofthePirnaCountry；——intendedtostrikeadeeperdampintothem，thinkshe。[Retzow，i。67。]ButImperialMajestywasmindful，too；andstraightwaysentBrownepositiveorder，\"DelivermethesepoorSaxonsatanyprice！\"AndinthecourseofnotquiteaweekfromLobositz，therearrivesaconfidentialMessengerfromBrowne:\"Couragestill，yecagedSaxons；Iwilltryitanotherway！Onlyyoumustholdouttillthe11th；onthe11thstandtoyourtools，anditshallbedone。\"
BrowneistotakeasuccinctDetachment，8，000pickedmen，horseandfoot；tomakeawidersweepwiththese，welleastwardbythefootofLausitzHills，andfarenoughfromallPrussianpartiesandscouts；tomarch，withallspeedandsilence，\"throughBohm—Leipa，Kamnitz，Rumburg，Schluckenau；andcomeinupontheSchandauregion，quitefromthenortheastside；say，atLichtenhayn；
aneligibleVillage，whichisbutsevenmilesorsofromtheKonigstein，withthechasmycountryandtheriverintervening。
Monday，Octoberllth，BrownewillarriveatLichtenhayn（sixtymilesofcirclingmarchfromBudin）；privatelyposthimselfnearLichtenhayn；Prussianposts，ofnogreatstrength，lyingaheadofhimthere。You，indignantextenuatedSaxons，aretogetyourselvesacross，——neartheKonigsteinitwillhavetobe，undercoveroftheKonigstein’scannon，——onthefrontorriverwardsideofthosesamePrussianposts:crossing—place（Browne’sMessengersettles）canbeThurmsdorfHamlet，oppositetheLilienstein，oppositetheHamletsofEbenheitandHalbstadtthere。Konigsteinfirewillcoveryourbridgeandyourbuildingofit。
\"Mondaynightnext，Isay，postyourselvesthere，withheartsresolute，withpowderdry；there，abouttheeasternrootsoftheLilienstein[beautifulShowMountain，withstair—stepscutonitforTouristpeople，byAugusttheStrong]，andavoidthePrussianbatteryandabatiswhichisonitjustnow！YouatEbenheit，IatLichtenhayn，trimmedandbracedforaction，throughthatMondaynight。Tuesdaymorning，theKonigstein，atyourbeckoning，shallfiretwocannon—shots；whichshallmean，’Allreadyhere！’
Thenforward，you，onthosePrussianpostsbythefront；Iwillattackthembytherear。Withrightfury，bothofus！Iamtold，theyarebutweakinthoseposts；surely，bydoubleimpetus，anddead—lifteffortfromusboth，theyCANbeforced？Onlyforcethem，——youareintheopenfieldagain；andyoumarchawaywithme，colorsflying；yourhunger—cageandallyourtribulationsleftbehindyou！\"——
ThisisBrowne’splan。ThepoorSaxonsaccept，——whatchoicehavethey？——thoughthequestionofcrossingandbridge—buildinghasitsintricacies；andthatinevitableitemof\"postponementtillthe11th\"isasoreclausetothem；fornotonlyarethereshortandevershorterrations，butgrimfamineitselfisadvancingwithlargestrides。The\"dailytwentyouncesofmeal\"hassunktohalfthatquantity；the\"ounceorsoofbutcher’s—meatonceaweek\"hasvanished，orbecomeHORSEofextremeleanness。Thecavalryhorseshavenottastedoats，nothingbuthayorstraw（notevenwateralways）；theartilleryhorseshadtolivebygrazing，brownleavestheirmaindietlatterly。Nothorsesanylonger；butwalkingtrestles，pooranimals！Andthemen，——well，theyarefallenpale；
buttheyareresoluteasever。Theninecorn—mills，whichtheyhaveinthiscircuitoftheirs，grindnownightandday；andallthecavalryaresettothreshwhatevergraincanbefoundabout；
nohindorhusbandmanshallretainonesheaf:inthisway，theyhope，utterhungermaybestavedoff，andthegreatattemptmade。
[PRECISDELARETRAITEDEL’ARMEESAXONNEDESONCAMPDEPIRNA（inGesammelteNachrichten，i。482—494）。]
BrowneskilfullyandperfectlydidhispartoftheAdventure。
BrownearrivespunctuallyatLichtenhayn，eveningofthe11th；
bivouacs，hiddenintheWoodsthereabouts，incolddampweather；
stealthilyreconnoitresthePrussianVillagesahead，andtrimshimselfforassault，atsoundofthetwocannonsto—morrow。
Buttherecamenocannon—signalonthemorrow；farothersignallingsandmessagingsto—morrow，andnextday，andnext，fromtheKonigsteinandneighborhood！\"Wait，ExcellencyFeldmarschall[writesBruhltohim，NoteafterNote，insteadofsignallingfromtheKonigstein]:dowaitaverylittle！Yourunnoriskinwaiting；
we，evenifweMUSTyield，willmakethatourfirststipulation！\"
\"YOUwill？\"grumblesBrowne；andwaits，naturally，withextremeimpatience。Butthetruthis，theAdventure，ontheSaxonsideofit，hasalreadyaltogethermisgone；andbecomes，fromthispointonwards，amereseriesoffailures，futilitiesanddisastrousmiseries，tragicaltothinkof。Worthsomerecordhere，sincethereareDocumentsabundant；——especiallyasFeldmarschallRutowski（whoisGeneral—in—Chief，anold，notesteemed，friendofours）hasproduced，orcausedtobeproduced，aNarrative，whichilluminatestheBusinessfromwithinaswell。[PRECIS，&c。（justcited）；
compareTAGEBUCHDEREINSCHLIESSUNGDESSACHSISCHENLAGERSBEY
PIRNA（\"Diary，\"&c。，whichisthePrussianAccount:inSeyfarth，BEYLAGEN），ii。22—48。]ThelatterisourmainDocumenthere:——
IknownothowmuchoftheblamewasGeneralRutowski’s:onecouldsurmisesomelaxityofeffort，andaratherslovenly—surveyoffacts，inthatquarter。TheEnterprise，fromthefirst，wasflatlyimpossible，sayjudges；anditiscertain，poorRutowski’sexecutionwasnotfirst—rate。\"HowgetacrosstheElbe？\"Rutowskihadsaidtohimself，perhapsnotquitewiththeduerigorofcandorproportionatetotherigorousfact:\"HowgetacrosstheElbe？
WehavecopperpontoonsatPirna；buttheywillbedifficulttocart。Orwemighthaveaboat—bridge；boatsplankedtogethertwoandtwo。AtPirnaareplentyofboats；andbyoarandtrack—rope，theRiveritselfmightbearoadforthem？BoatsorpontoonstoKonigstein，bywaterorland，theymustbegot。Eightmilesofabysmalroads，ourhorsesallextenuated？Impossibletocartthesepontoons！\"saidRutowskitohimself。——Pityhehadnottriedit。
Hehadaweektodothoseeightbadmilesin；and2，000leanhorses，pickinggrassorbrownleaves，whiletheirridersthreshed。
\"Wewilldragourpontoonsbywater，bytheElbetow—path，\"thoughtRutowski，\"thatwillbeeasier；\"——andforthwithsetsaboutpreparingforit，secretlycollectingboatsatPirna，steersmen，towing—men，bridge—tackleandwhatelsewillbenecessary。
Rutowskimade，atleast，nodelay。Browne’smessenger，wefind，hadcometohim，\"Thursday，7th:\"andonFridaynightRutowskihasasquadofboatmen，steersmenandtwoscoreoftowiugpeasantsready；
andactuallygetsunderway。Theyareescortedbytheduebattalionswithfield—pieces；——whoaretofireuponthePrussianbatteries，andkeepupsuchablazeofmusketryandheaviershot，aswillscreentheboatsinpassing。Surelyaticklishoperation，this；——arguingasanguinetemperinGeneralRutowski！ThesouthbankoftheRiverisours；buttherearevariousPrussianbatteries，threeofthemverystrong，alongthenorthbank，whichwillnotfailtopeltusterriblyaswepass。Nohelpforit；——wemusttrustinluck！Hereisthesequel，withdatesadjusted。
ELBERIVER，NIGHTOFOCTOBER8th—9th。Fridaynight，accordingly，sosoonasDarkness（unusuallydarkthisnight）hasdroptherveilonthebusiness，Rutowskisetsforth。ThePrussianbattery，orbridge—
head（TETE—DE—PONT），atPirna，hasnotnoticedhim，sosilentwashe。But，alas，theotherbatteriesdonotfailtonotice；togivefire；and，infact，onbeinganswered，andfindingitaseriousthing，toburstoutintohorribleexplosion；unanswerablebytheSaxonfield—pieces；andsurelyperiloustohumannaturesteeringandtowingthosebigRiver—Boats。\"LoyaltoourKing，andfullofpityforhim；thatarewe；\"——buttowingatarate，sayoftwoshillingsperhead！Beforelong，thefortytowingpeasantsflingdowntheirropes，firstone，thenmore，thenall，inspiteofefforts，promises，menaces；andvanishamongthethickets，——
forfeitingthetwoshillings，onviewofimminentdeath。
Soldierstakethetowing—ropes；trytocontinueitalittle；
butnowthesteersmenalsomanagetocallhalt:\"Wewon’t！Letusout，letusout！WewillsteeryouagroundonthePrussianshoreifyoudon’t！\"makingnighthideous。Andthetowingenterprisebreaksdownforthatbout；doublebargesmooringontheSaxonshore，I
knownotpreciselyatwhatpoint，norisitmaterial。
SATURDAYNIGHT，OCTOBER9th—10th）Newboatmen，fortynewtowmenhavebeenhiredatimmenseincreaseofwages；sayfourshillingsforthenight:buthaveyoumuchgoodprobability，myGeneral，thatevenforthathighguerdonimminenceofdeathcanbemadeindifferenttotowmen？No，youhaven’t。Themattergoesthisnightpreciselyasitdidlast:towmenvanishinginthehorriblecannontumult；steersmenshrieking，\"WewillgroundyouonthePrussianshore；\"verysoldiersobligedtogiveitup；andGeneralRutowskihimselfobligedtowashhishandsofit，asathingthatcannotbedone。Infact，athingwhichneednothavebeentried，hadRutowskibeenrigorouslycandidwithhimselfandhishopes，asthefactsnowprovetobe。\"Twenty—fourhourslostbythisbadbusiness\"（sayshe；\"thirty—six，\"asIcount，or，totakeitrigorously，\"forty—
eight\"even）:andnow，SundaymorninginsteadofFriday，atwhat，insadtruth，ismetaphorically\"theeleventhhour，\"Rutowskihastobethinkhimofhiscopperpontoons；andmaketheimpossiblecartingmethodpossibleinaday’stime，ordoworse。
SUNDAY，MONDAY，OCTOBER10th—11th，Byunheard—ofexertions，allhandsandallspent—horsesnowatadead—lifteffortnightandday，RutowskidoesgethispontoonscartedoutofthePirnastorehouse；
landsthematThurmsdorf，——oppositetheLilienstein，——amileorsoshortofKonigstein，wherehisBridgeshallbe。Itisnowthe11th，atnight。Andourpontoonsaregottotheground，nothingmore。
Everymanofus，atthishour，shouldhavebeenacross，andtrimminghimselftoclimb，withbayonetfixed！Browneisready，expectingoursignal—shottostorminonhisside。Andourbridgeisnotbuilt，onlythepontoonshere。\"Allthingswentperverse，\"
addsRutowski，forfarthercomfort:\"we[SaxonHome—Army]hadwithus，exceptOfficers，onlyFourPontoniers，ortrainedBridge—
builders；alltherestareatWarsaw:\"sadthought，buttoolatetothinkit！
TUESDAY，TILLWEDNESDAYEARLY（12th—13th），Bridge，theFourPontoniers，withOfficersandnumbsoldiersdoingtheirbest，isgotbuilt；——Brownewaitingforus，onthorns，allday；
Prussiansextensivelybeginningtostrengthentheirposts，abouttheLilienstein，aboutLichtenhayn，orwhereriskis；andinfactpouringacrosstothatnorthernside，quiteawareofRutowskiandBrowne。
Thatsamenight，12th—13th，whiletheBridgewasstrugglingtocompleteitself，——rainnowfalling，andtempestsbrokenout，——theSaxonArmy，fromPirnadowntoHennersdorf，hadlifteditselffromitsLines，andgotunderwaytowardsThurmsdorf，andthecrossing—
place。Darknight，plungingrain；alltheelementsinuproar。
TheworstroadsinNature；nowchampeddoubly；\"suchroadsasneveranyArmymarchedonbefore。\"Mostoftheircannonareleftstanding；afewtheyhadtriedtoyoke，brokedown，\"andchokedupthenarrowroadaltogether；sothatthecavalryhadtodismount，andleadtheirhorsesbyside—paths，\"——figurewhatside—paths！
DistancetoThurmsdorf，fromanypointoftheSaxonLines，cannotbeabovesixmiles:butittakesthemallthatnightandallnextday。Suchamarchasmightfilltheheartwithpity。Oh，yeRutowskis，Bruhls，thoughneversodecoratedbytwelvetailors，whatasightyeareattheheadofmen！Darknight，wildragingweather，labyrinthicroadswornknee—deep。Itisbroaddaylight，Wednesday，13th，andonlythevanguardisyetgotacross，trailingacoupleofcannons；andsplashesabout，endeavoringtotakerankthere，inspiteofwetandhunger；rainstillpouring，windveryhigh。
NothingofBrownecomes，thisWednesday；butfromtheoppositeGross—SedlitzandGottleubeside，thePrussiansarecoming。
Thismorning，atdaylight，struckbysymptoms，\"thePrussiansmountedouremptyredoubts:\"theyarenowinfullchaseofus，ZiethenwithHussarsasvanguard。Adifficultbitofmarching，evenZiethenandhislightpeoplefindit；sprawlingforward，attheircheeriest，withdaylighttohelp，andinchase，notchased，throughsuchintricaciesofrockandmud。Ziethen’scompanydidnotassisttheSaxons！Theywheelround，showfight，andthereisvolleyingandbickeringallday；theSaxonmarchgettingevermoreperturbed。
Nearlyallthebaggagehastobeleft。ZiethentakesintothewoodsnearThurmsdorf；givingfireasthepoorwetSaxons，nowmuchinapell—mellcondition，passtotheirBridge。[PRUSSIANACCOUNT（inGesammelteNachrichten），i。852。]
HeavierPrussiansarestridingontorear；these，fromsomefinalhill—top，doatlastbelchouttwocannon—shots:figuretheconfusionatthatBridge，thespeednowbecomingdeliriousthere！
Towardsevening，rainstillviolent，theSaxons，baggageless，andrushingquitepell—mellthelatterpartofthem，aremostlyacross，stillcountableto14，000orso；——uponwhichtheycuttheirBridgeadrift，andlettherivertakeit。AtRaden，afewmileslower，thePrussiansfisheditout；rebuiltitmoredeliberately，——andweshallfinditthereanon。ThisdayFriedrich，hearingwhatisafoot，hasreturnedinpersonfromtheLobositzCountry；
takesStruppenashishead—quarter，whichwaslatelythePolishMajesty’s。
FromBrownetherehasnothingcomethisWednesday；butto—morrowmorningatseventherecomesaLetterfromhim，writtenthisnightatten；totheeffect:——
\"HEAD—QUARTER，LICHTENHAYN，Wednesday，October13th，10P。M。
\"EXCELLENZ，——Have[omittingtheI]waitedhereatLichtenhaynsinceTuesday，expectingyoursignal—cannon；hearingnothingofit，concludeyouhavebymisfortunenotbeenabletogetacross；
andthattheEnterpriseisup。Myownpositionbeingdangerous[Prussiansofdoublemystrengthintrenchedwithinfewmilesofme]，Iturnhomewardsto—morrowatnineA。M。:readyforwhateveroccursTILLthen；andsorrowfullysayadieu，\"[PRECIS（utsupra），p。493；Helden—Geschichte，iii。940；&c。]
DreadfulweatherforBrowneinhisbivouac，andwearisomewaiting，withPrussiansandperilsaccumulatingonhim！Brownewasilloflungs；coughingmuch；lodging，intheseviolenttempests，onthecoldground。Arightvaliantsoldierandman，asdoesappear；
theflowerofalltheIrishBrownes（thoughtheyhavequiteforgottenhiminourtime），andofallthoseIrishExilesthentragicallyspendingthemselvesinAustrianquarrels！\"Yousawthegreatman，\"saysonewhoseemstohavebeenpresent，\"howhesacrificedhimselftothisEnterprise。WhatAustrianField—marshalbuthimselfwouldeverhaveloweredhisloftinesstolead，inperson，soinsignificantaDetachment，merelyforthepublicgood！
Ihaveseenstaff—officers，distinguishedonlybytheirsasheriesandinsignia，whowouldnothavestirredtoinspectavedettewithout250men。OurField—marshalwasofanotherturn。
Sharingwithhistroopsallthehardships，noneexcepted，ofthesecriticaldays；andinspiteofaviolentcough，whichoftenbroughtthevisiblebloodfromhislungs，andhadquitewornhimdown；
exposinghimself，likethemeanestoftheArmy，tothetempestsofrainyweather。Thinkwhatasightitwas，goingtoyourveryheart，andsummoningyoutoenduranceofeveryhardship，——thatevening[notsaidwhich]，whentheField—marshal，wornoutwithhisfatiguesandhisdisorder，sankoutoffainting—fitsintoasleep！
Thegroundwashisbed，andthestormofcloudshiscoverlid。
Incrowdshisbravewar—comradesgatheredround；strippedtheircloaks，theircoats，andstroveinnoblerivalrywhichofthemshouldhavethehappinesstoscreentheFatheroftheArmyattheirowncostofexposure，andbyanydevicekeepthepeltingoftheweatherfromthatlovedhead！\"[Cogniazzo，GestandnisseeinesOEsterreichischenVeterans，ii。251。]Thereisapictureforyou，intheheightsofLichtenhayn，asyousteampastSchandau，incontemplativemood；andperhapsthinkof\"JusticetoIreland！\"amongothersadthoughtsthatrise。
FromThurmsdorftothePontoon—Bridgetherewasakindofroad；
downwhichtheSaxonsscrambledyesterday；and，bypainfuldegrees，gotwriggledacross。But，ontheothershore，forwardtotheHamletsofHalbstadtandEbenheit，thereisnothingbutasteepslipperyfootpath:figurewhataproblemforthe14，000insuchweather！ThenatEbenheit，closebehind，Browne—wards，wereBrownenowthere，risestheLilienstein，abruptrockymountain，itsslopesonbothhandswashedbytheRiver（Rivermakingitsfirstelbowhere，closelygirdlingthisLilienstein）:onboththeseslopesarePrussianbatteries，eachwithitsabatis；needingtobestormed:——
thatwillbeyourfirstoperation。AbatisandslopesoftheLiliensteinoncestormed，youfallintoavalleyorhollow，rakedagainbyPrussianbatteries；andwillhavetomount，stillstorming，outofthevalley，sky—highacrosstheZiegenruck（GOAT’S—BACK）ridge:thatisyoursecondpreliminaryoperation。
Afterwhichyoucomeupontheworkitself；namely，thePrussianredoubtsatLichtenhayn，and12，000menonthembythistime！
AmodernTouristsays，remindingorinforming:
\"FromtheKonigsteintoPirna，Elbe，ifserpentine，islikeaserpentrushingatfullspeed。JustpasttheKonigstein，theElbe，fromwestward，asitsgeneralcourseis，turnssuddenlytonorthward；runssoforamileandahalf；then，justbeforegettingtotheBASTEIatRaden，turnssuddenlytowestwardagain，andsocontinues。TouristsknowRaden，\"——wherethePrussianshavejustfishedoutaBridgeforthemselves，——\"withtheBASTEIhighalofttowestofit。TheOldInn，hospitablethoughsleepless，standspleasantlyupontheRiver—brink，overhungbyhighcliffs:closeonitsleftside，orintheintricaciestorearofit，arehutsandhouses，sprinkledabout，asifburrowedinthesandstone；
morecomfortablythanyoucouldexpect。Thesiteisanarrowdell，narrowchasm，withlabyrinthicchasmsbranchingofffromit；
narrowandgloomyasseenfromtheRiver，butopeningoutevenintocornfieldsasyouadvanceinwards:workofasmallBrook，whichisstillindustriouslytinklingandgushingthere，andhasinPre—
Adamitetimesbeenalake，andweknownotwhat。Nieder—Raden，this，onthenorthsideoftheRiver；ofOber—Raden，onthesouthside，thereisnothingvisiblefromyourInnwindows，\"——norhaveweanythingtodowithitfarther。AnolderGuideofTouristsyieldsusthissecondFraction（capableofcondensation）:——……\"ToHalbstadt，thencetoEbenheit，yourpathissteeperandsteeper；fromEbenheittotheLiliensteinyoutakeaguide。
TheMountainisconical；coarseREDsandstone；stepscutforyouwhereneeded:AugusttheStrong’sHunting—Lodge（JAGDHUTTE）ishere（Augustwentthitherinagrandway，1708，withhisWife）；
Lodgestillextant，bythesideofawood；——Liliensteintoweringhugeandsheer，solitary，grand，likesomecolossalPillaroftheCyclops，fromthisroundPedimentofCountrywhichyouhavebeenclimbing；topsofLiliensteinplumedeverywherewithfirandbirch，Pedimentalsoverygreenandwoody。AugusttheStrong，grandlyvisitinghere，1708，onfinishofthosestair—stepscutforyou，setupanEbenezer，orColumnofMemorialatthisHunting—Hut，withInscriptionwhichcanstillberead，thoughnowwithdifficultyinitstime—wornstate:——
\"FRIEDERICUSAUGUSTUS，REX[ofwhat？DarenotsayofPOLANDjustnow，forfearofCharlesXII。]，ETELECTORSAX。，UTFORTUNAEM
VIRTUTE，ITAASPERAMHANCRUPEMPRIMUS[PRIMUSnotofmen，butofSaxonElectors]SUPERAVIT，ADITUMQUEFACILIOREMREDDICURAVIT。
ANNO1708。\"——\"UTFORTUNAMVIRTUTE，Ashisfortunebyvalor，SOheconqueredthisruggedrockby\"——Poordevil，onlyhearhim:——andthinkhowgoodNatureis（forthetimebeing）topoordevilsandtheir354bastards！[M。（agister）WilhelmLebrechtGotzinger，SchandauundseineUmgebungen，oderBeschreibungderSachsischenSchweitz（Dresden，1812），pp。145—148。
Gotzinger，whodesignateshimselfas\"PastoratNeustadtnearStolpen\"（northwestborderofthePirnaCountry），hasmadeofthis（whichwouldnowbecalledaTOURIST’SGUIDE，andhassomethinggeologicalinit）amodest，goodlittleBook，puttogetherwithindustry，clearness，brevity。GivesinterestingNarrativeofourpresentBusinesstoo，asgatheredfromhis\"Father\"andothergoodsourcesandtestimonies。]
BruhlandthePolishMajesty，safeenoughthey，andsnugintheKonigstein，areclearforadvancing:\"Dielikesoldiers，foryourKingandCountry！\"writesPolishMajesty，\"Thursday，twointhemorning:\"thatalsoRutowskireads；andIthinkstillotherRoyalAutographs，sentasPostscriptstothat。FromtheKonigsteintheydulyfireoffthetwoCannon—shot，assignalthatwearecoming；
signalwhichBrowne，justintheactofdeparting，neverheard，owingtothepipingofthewindsandrattlingoftherain。
\"Advance，myheroes！\"counselthey:\"Youcannotdragyourammunitions，sayyou；yourpoorcoupleofbigguns？HerearehisMajesty’sownroyalhorsesforthatservice！\"——and，ineffect，theroyalstudisheroicallyflungopeninthispressure；andasplashingcolumnofsleekquadrupeds，\"150royaldraught—horses，earlyintheforenoon，\"[Gotzinger，p。156。]swimacrosstoEbenheitaccordingly，ifthatcouldencourage。And，\"aboutnoon，thereisstrongcannonadingfromtheKonigstein，assignaltoBrowne，\"whoisoff。PolishMajestylookingwithhisspy—glassinanastonishedmanner。InVain！RutowskiandhisCouncilofWar——
sittingwetinahutofEbenheit，with14，000starvedmenoutside，whohavestoodseventy—twohoursofrain，foroneitem——seenothingforitbut\"surrenderonsuchtermsaswecanget。\"
\"Infact，\"independentlyofweatherandcircumstances，\"theEnterprise，\"saysFriedrich，\"wasradicallyimpossible；nobodythathadknownthegroundcouldhavejudgeditother。\"Rutowskihadnotknownit，then？Browneneverpretendedtoknowit。Rutowskiwasnotcandidwiththeconditions；theconditionsneverknownnorcandidlylookedat；andTHEYarenowreplyingtohimwithcandorenough。
FromthefirsthisEnterprisewasafinalflickeroffalsehope；
goingout，ashere，byspasm，intherigorsofimpossibilityandflatdespair。
ThatcolumnofroyalhorsessentsplashingacrosstheRiver，——thatwastheutmostofself—sacrificewhichIfindrecordedofhisPolishMajestyinthismatter。Hewasveryobstinate；hisBruhlandhewere。Buthisconductwasnotveryheroic。ThatroyalAutograph，\"GeneralRutowski，andyetrueSaxons，attackthesePrussianlines，then；sellyourliveslikemen\"（notlikeBruhlandme），musthavefallencoldontheheart，afterseventy—twohoursofrain！
Rutowski’swetCouncilofWar，inthehutatEbenheit，rainstillpouring，answersunanimously，\"Thatitwerealeadingofmentothebutchery；\"thatthereisnothingforitbutsurrender。BruhlandMajestycanonlyanswer:\"Well—a—day；itmustbeso，then！\"——
Winterfeld，PrussianCommanderhereabouts，grantsArmistice，grantsliberal\"wagon—loadsofbread\"firstofall；termsofCapitulationtobesettledatStruppento—morrow。
FRIDAY，OCTOBER15th，RutowskigoesacrosstoStruppen，thelateSaxonhead—quarter，nowFriedrich’s；——FridaygoneafortnightwasthedayofLobositz。Winterfeldandhearethenegotiatorsthere；
Friedrichratifyingorrefusingbymarginalremarks。Thetermsgrantedarehardenough:buttheymustbeaccepted。
Firstpreliminaryofalltermshasalreadybeenaccepted:agiftofbreadtothesepoorSaxons；theirhaversacksareempty，theircartridge—boxesdrowned；ithasrainedonthemthreedaysandnights。Lastupshotofalltermsisstillwellknowntoeverybody:
Thatthe14，000SaxonsarecompelledtobecomePrussian，and\"forcedtovolunteer\"！
ThathadbeenFriedrich’sdetermination，andreadingofhisrightsinthematter，nowthathardhadcometohard。\"Yourefusedallterms；youhaveresistedtodeath（ordeath’s—DOOR）；andarenowatdiscretion！\"Ofthequestion，WhatistobedonewiththoseSaxons？
Friedricbhadthoughtagreatdeal，firstandlast；andhadfounditveryintricate，——asreaderstoowill，iftheythinkofit。
\"PrisonersofWar，——tokeepthemlockedup，withtroubleandexpense，inthatfashion？Theycanneverbeexchanged:Saxonyhasnownothingtoexchangethemwith；andAustriawillnot。
Theirobstinacyhashadcoststome；whoofuscancountwhatcosts！Inshort，theyshallvolunteer！\"
\"NeverdidI，formypoorpart，authorizesuchathing，\"loudlyasseveratedRutowskiafterwards。AndindeedtheCapitulationisnotpreciseonthatinterestingpoint。AlengthyDocument，andnotworththeleastperusalotherwise；wecondenseitintothreeArticles，allgroundingonthisgeneralBasis，notdeniablebyRutowski:\"TheSaxonArmy，beingatsuchapass，readytodieofhunger，ifwedidNOTliftourfinger，has，sotospeak，becomeourproperty；andwegrantitthefollowingterms:\"——
\"1。Kettle—drums，standardsandthelikeinsigniaandmattersofhonor，——carrythesetotheKonigstein，withmyregretfulrespectstohisPolishMajesty。KonigsteintobeaneutralFortressduringthisWar。PolishMajestyatperfectlibertytogotoWarsaw[asheontheinstantnowdid，andneverreturned]。
\"2。Officerstodepartongivingtheirparole，NottoserveagainstusduringthisWar[Parolegiven，nothingliketoowellkept]。
\"3。RestoftheArmy，withallitsequipments，munitions，soulandbody（sotospeak），istosurrenderutterly，andbeours，asallSaxonyshallforthepresentbe。\"[InHelden—
Geschichte，iii。920—928，atfulllength——withBriedrich’sMARGINALIAnoticeablybrief。]
Thatis，insum，theCapitulationofStruppen。Nothingarticulateinitabouttheonenowinterestingpoint，——andinregardtothat，IcanonlyfancyRutowskimightinterject，interrogatively，perhapsatsomelength:\"OursoldierstobePrisonersofWar，then？\"
\"Prisoners；yes，clearly，——unlesstheychoosetovolunteer，andhaveabetterfate！Prisonerscanvolunteer。Theyareatdiscretion；theywoulddie，ifwedidNOTliftourfinger！\"thusI
supposeWinterfeldwouldrejoin，ifnecessary；——andthat，intheWinterfeld—RutowskiConferences，thethinghadprobablybeenkeptinakindofCHIAROSCURObybothparties。
Verycertainitis，Sunday，17thOctober，1756，Capitulationbeingsignedthenightbefore，FriedrichgoesacrossatNieder—Raden（wherethePilgrimofthePicturesquenowclimbstoseetheBASTEI；
wherethePrussianshave，bythistime，aBridgethrowntogetheroutofthosePontoons），——goesacrossatNieder—Raden，upthatchasmyPass；ridestotheHeightsofWaltersdorf，intheopenercountrybehind；andpausesthere，whilethecaptiveSaxonArmydefilespasthim，layingdownitsarmsathisfeet。Unarmed，andnowunderPrussianwordofcommand，theseEx—Saxonsoldiersgoondefiling；marchthroughbythatChasmofNieder—Raden；crosstoOber—Raden；and，intheplainercountrythereabouts，are——inIknownotwhatlengthofhours，butinanincrediblyshortlength，soswiftisthemanagement——changedwhollyintoPrussiansoldiers:
\"obligedtovolunteer，\"everyoneofthem！
Thatisthefact；factloudlycensured；factsurelyquestionable，——
towhatintrinsicdegreeIatthismomentdonotknow。Factmuchblamablebeforetheloosepublicofmankind；uponwhichIleavementotheirverdict。Itisnotafactwhichinvitesimitation，asweshallsee！Facthowaccomplished；bywhatmethods？thatwouldbethequestionwithme；buteventhatisleftdark。\"Thehorseregiments，threeofheavyhorse，hebroke；anddistributedabout，agoodfewinhisownGarde—du—Corps。\"ThreeotherhorseregimentswereinPoland，thesoleSaxonArmynowleft，——ofwhom，atleastofonemanamongwhom，wemayhappentohear。\"Tenfootregiments[whatwasreckonedafault]helefttogether；inPrussianuniform，withPrussianOfficers。Theywerescatteredupanddown；putingarrisons；noteasyhandlingthem:theydesertedbywholecompaniesatatimeinthecourseofthisWar。\"[Preuss，ii。22，135；
inStenzel（v。16—20）moreprecisedetails。]Notameasureforimitation，aswesaid！——HowFriedrichdefendedsuchhardconducttotheSaxons？Reader，IknowonlythatDestinyandNecessity，urgedonbySaxonsandothers，washardasadamantuponFriedrichatthistime；andthatFriedrichdidnottheleastdreamofmakinganydefence；——andwillhavetotakeyourverdict，suchasitmaybe。
MoritzofDessauhadaterribleWinterofit，organizingandbreakingintheseSaxonpeople，——gotbypress—ganginthisway。
PolishMajesty，\"with500ofsuite，\"haddriveninstantlyforWarsaw；post—horsesmostpolitelyfurnishedhim，andallthePrussianpostsandsoldierswellkeptoutofhisroad，——roadchosenforhimtothatend。Poorsoul，henevercameback。Forsixyearscoming，hesaw，fromWarsawinthedistance（amidanarchyandNIE—POZWALAM，whichheneverlackedthere），thewideWarraging，inSaxonyespecially；anddiedsoonafteritwasdone。NordidBruhlreturn，exceptbrokenbythatevent，andtodieinfewmonthsafter。Letuspitythepoorfat—gooseofaMajesty（notill—naturedatall，onlystupidandidle）:somepityeventothedoomed—
phantasmBruhl，ifyoucan；——andthankHeaventohavegotdonewithsuchapair！——
Friedrich’streatmentoftheSaxonTroops，SaxonMajestyandCountry:whoshallsaythatitwaswiseinallpoints？Itwouldbesingulartreatment，ifitwere！Inallthings，AFTERissodifferentfromBEFOREandDURING。Thetruthis，FriedrichhopedlongtohavemadesomeagreementwiththeSaxons。Andreadersnow，intheuniversalsilence，havenonotionofFriedrich’scomplexitiesfromfact，andoftheloudhowlofhostilerumor，whichwaspipingthroughalljournals，diplomaciesandforeignhumanthroats，againsthimatthattime。
\"TheessentialpassagesofWarandPeace，\"saysacertainCommentator，\"duringthoseFiveweeksofPirna，canbemadeintelligibleinsmallcompass。Buthowtheworldarguedofthemthenandafterwards，andrangwithhotGazetteerandDiplomaticlogicfromsidetoside，noreaderwillnoweverknow。Aworld—
tornadoextinct，gone:——thinkofthesoundsutteredfromhumanwindpipes，shrillwithragesomeofthem，hoarseotherswithditto；
ofthevituperations，execrations，printedandvocal，——gratingharshthunderuponFriedrichandthisnewcourseofhis。
HugemelodyofDiscords，shrieking，droning，grindingonthattopic，throughtheafflictedUniverseingeneral，forcertainyears。TheveryPamphletsprintedonit，——cannotDryasdustgivemethenumberoftonsweight，then？DeadnoweveryPamphletofthem；
athingfallenhorribletohumannature；extinctforever，asisthewontinsuchcases。\"
IwillgiveonlythisofVoltaire；amildEpigram，doneatTheDELICES，inpleasantviewofFerneyandgoodthingscoming。Aboltshotintothestorm—tostSeaanditswreckages，byaMarinernowcheerilydryinghisclothesontheshorethere；——infact，anindifferentEpigram，onKingsFriedrichandGeorge，whichisnowflyingaboutinselectcircles:——
\"RivauxduVainqueurdel’Euphrate，L’OncleetleNeveu，L’unfaitlaguerreenpirate，L’autreenpartibleu。
\"
\"RivalsofAlexandertheGreat，thisUncleandNephewmakewar，theoneasaPirate[seizureofthoseFrenchships]，theother[Saxonystolen]asCaptainofanAccidentalThieving—squad，\"——PARTIBLEU，astheFrenchsoldierscallit。[Walpole’sLETTERS，\"ToSirHoraceMann，8thDecember；1756。\"]
MAPfacingpage365，ChapVII，Book17—————————————————————
PirnawasnosoonerdonethanFriedrichreturnedtothe\"CampatLobositz，\"wherehisvictoriousKeith—Armyhasbeenlyingallthiswhile。TheCampofLobositz，andallCampsPrussianandAustrian，areabouttostriketheirtents，andproceedtoWinter—quarters，toprepareagainstnextSpring。FriedrichsetoffthitherOctober18th（theverydayafterthatofWaltersdorf）；withintenttobringhomeKeith’sArmy，andseeifBrownemeantanythingfarther（whichBrownedidnot，ordoesonlyinthesmallTolpatchway）；alsotomeet，Schwerin，whomhehadsummonedoverfromSilesiaforalittleconferencethere。Schwerin，aftereatingKonigsgratzCountrywell，——whichwasallhecoulddo，asPiccolominiwouldnotcomeout，andweknowhowstrongthegroundis，——hadretiredtoSilesiaagain，indueseason（snappingup，inasharplyconclusivemanner，anyTolpatcheriesthatattemptedchaseofhim）；takenWintercantonmentsinSilesia，headquarterSchweidnitz；andisnowgettinghisInstructions，herepersonally，intheMetalMountains，foradayortwo。[Helden—Geschichte，iii。
946，948。]
FriedrichbroughthisKeith—ArmyhometoGross—Sedlitz，tojointheotherForcethere；anddistributedthewholeintotheirWinter—
quarters。Cantonedfarandwide，spreadingoutfromPirnaonbothhands:ontheleftorwesternhand，byZwickau，Freyberg，Chemnitz，uptoLeipzig，Torgau；andontherightornortheasthand，byZittau，Gorlitz，Bautzen，toprotecttheLausitzagainstAustrianinroads，——whilearemoteDetachment，underWinterfeld，watchestheBoberRiverwithsimilarviews。[InHelden—Geschichte，iii。948etseq。，aminuteListbyPlaceandRegiment。]Allwhichdone，orsettledtobedone，FriedrichquitsGross—Sedlitz，November14th；andtakesuphisabodeatDresdenforthisWinter。
ChapterVIII。
WINTERINDRESDEN。
TheSaxonArmyisincorporated，then；itsKinggoneunderthehorizon；theSaxonCountryhasaPrussianBoardsetoverit，toadministerallthingsofGovernment，especiallytodrawtaxesandrecruitsfromSaxony。Torgau，seatofthisnewBoard，hasgotfortified；\"1，500inhabitantswererequisitionedasspademenforthatend，atfirstwithwages，\"——latterly，Ialmostfear，without！
TheSaxonMinistersaregettingdrilled，cashieredifnecessary；
andonallhands，rigorousmethodsgoingforward；——tillSaxonyiscompletelyundergrasp；inwhichstateitwasheldverytightindeed，forthesixyearscoming。Thereisnodetailingofallthat；details，weretheyevenknowntoanEditoratsuchdistance，wouldwearyeveryreader。EnoughtounderstandthatFriedrichhasnotonthisoccasion，ashedidin1744，omittedtodisarmSaxony，tohobbleitineverylimb，andhaveit，atdiscretion，tiedaswithropestohisinterestsandhim。[Helden—Geschichte，iii。945—956。]Hismanagementwasneveraccountedcruel；anditwasstudiouslythereverseofviolentorirregular:
butithadtoberigorousasthefactswere；——norwasittheworst，orreckonedtheworst，ofSaxony’smiseriesinthistime。
PoorCountry，sufferingforitsBruhl！IntheCountry，exceptforitsBruhl，therewasnosinagainstPrussia；thereverserather。
TheSaxonpopulation，asProtestants，havenogood—willtoAustriaanditsaimsofaggrandizement。InAustrianspy—letters，nowandafterwards，theyaredescribedtousas\"GUTPREUSSISCH；\"\"strongforPrussia，themostofthem，eveninDresdenitself。\"
WhetherFriedrichcouldhavehadmuchrealhopetoendtheWarthisYear，orscareitofffrombeginning，maybeaquestion。Ifhehad，itistotallydisappointed。TheSaxonGovernmenthasbroughtruinonitselfandCountry，butithasbeenofgreatdamagetoFriedrich。WouldPolishMajestyhaveconsentedtodisbandhissoldiers，andreceiveFriedrichwithaBONA—FIDE\"Neutrality，\"
FriedrichcouldhavepassedtheMountainsstillintimeforaheavystrokeonBohemia，whichwastotallyunpreparedforsuchavisit，Andhemight——fromtheTowersofPrag，forinstance——have，farmorepersuasively，heldouttheolive—branchtoanastonishedEmpress—
Queen:\"Leavemealone，Madam；willyou，then！Securityforthat；
Iwantedandwantnothingmore！\"ButPolishMajesty，takingonhimthecharacterofAustrianmartyr，andflinginghimselfintothegulf，haspreventedallthat；hasturnedallthattheotherway。
Austria，itappears，isquiteungrateful:\"Wasn’thebound？\"
thinksAustria，——asitswontratheris。ForgetfulofthegreatdeliverancewroughtforitbypoorPolishMajesty；whomitcouldnotdeliver—exceptintobottomlesswreck！Austria，gratefulornot，standsunscathed；hastimetoprepareitsArmaments，itsvocalArguments:Austriaisinhigherprovocationthanever；anditsveryArguments，highlyvocaltotheReichandtheworld，\"Isnotthismanarobber，andenemyofmankind？\"doFriedrichagreatdealofill。Friedrich’ssuddenCampaign，insteadoflandinghimintheheartoftheAustrianStates，theretoproposePeace，haskindlednearlyallEuropeintoflamesofrageagainsthim，——whichwillnotconsistinwordsmerely！Neverwasmisunderstandingofamanatahigherpitch:\"SuchtreatmentofapeaceableNeighborandCrownedHead，——witnessit，yeHeavensandthouEarth！\"DauphinessfallingonherkneestoMostChristianMajesty；\"PrincessanddearestSister\"toMostChristianMajesty’sPompadour；especiallynoendofPleadingtotheGermanReich，inafurious，Delphic—Pythonessorquasi—inspiredtone:allthisgoeson。
FromthetimewhenPirnawasblockaded，KaiserFranz，hishighConsortandsenseofdutyurginghim，hasbeenbusyintheReich’s—
Hofrath（kindofPrivy—CouncilorSupremeCourtoftheReich，whichsitsatVienna）；busythere，andintheReich’sDietatRegensburg；
busyeverywhere，withutmostdiligenceoverTeutschland，——forgingReichthunder。Manifestoes，HOF—DECRETS，DEHORTATORIUMS，EXCITATORIUMS；sogoesit，explodinglikeVesuvius，shockonthebackofshock:——20thSeptemberitbegan；andlasts，CRESCENDO，throughWinterandonwards，atanextraordinaryrate。[In
Helden—Geschichte（iv。163—174；iii。956；andindeedPASSIMthroughthoseVolumes），theOriginalsinfrightfulsuperabundance。]Ofallwhich，leavingreaderstoimagineit，wewillsaynothing，——exceptthatitpointstowards\"ArmedInterferencebytheReich，\"\"Reich’sExecutionArmy；\"naytowards\"BanoftheReich\"（totalexcommunicationofthisEnemyofMankind，andgivingofhimuptoSatan，bybell，bookandcandle），whichisakindofthunder—boltnotheardofforagoodfewagespast！
Thunder—boltthoughttobegonemainlytorustbythejudicious；——
which，however，thepooroldReichdidgraspagain，andattempttolaunch。Asperhapsweshallhavetonoticebyandby，amongthemiraclesgoing。
Francetoo，urgedbythenoblestconcern，feelsitselfcalledupon。
FrancemagnanimouslyintimatestotheReich’sDiet，onceandagain，\"ThatMostChristianMajestyisguaranteeoftheTreatyofWestphalia；MostChristianMajestycannotstandsuchprocedures；\"
andthenthesecondtime，\"ThatMostChristianMajestywillinterferepractically，\"——by100，000menandodd。
[Helden—Geschichte，iv。340（\"26thMarch，1757\"）。]Inshort，thesleepingworld—whirlwindsareawakenedagainstthisman。GeneralDanceoftheFuries；theregothey，intheduskyelement，thoseEumenides，\"giant—limbed，serpent—haired，slow—pacing，circling，torchinhand\"（accordingtoSchiller），——
scatteringterrorandmadness。Atleast，intheDiplomaticCirclesofmankind；——ifhaplythePopulationswillfollowsuit！——
Friedrich，abundantlycontemptuousofReich’s—thunderintherustedkind，andwellabletodistinguishsoundfromsubstanceintheReichorelsewhere，recognizesinallthissufficientlyportentouspropheciesoffactwithal；andunderstands，nonebetter，whataperilouspositionhehasgotinto。Buthecannotmendit；——canonly，asusual，dohisownutmostinit。Asreaderswillbelievehedoes；andthathisvigilanceanddiligenceareverygreat。
Continual，ubiquitousandatthetopofhisbent，onefancieshiseffortmusthavebeen，——thoughhemakesnonoiseonthesubject。
ConsiderableworkhehaswithHanover，thisWinter；withthepoorEnglishGovernment，andtheir\"ArmyofObservation，\"whichistoappearintheHanoverparts，VERSUSthose100，000French，nextSpring。ToHanoverhehassentSchmettau（theYoungerSchmettau，Elderisnowdead）inregardtosaidArmy；hasmadeanewandcloserTreatywithEngland（impossibletobefulfilledonpoorEngland’spart）；——andlaments，asMitchelloftendoes，thetragicallyembroiledconditionofthatCountry，strugglingsovehemently，tonopurpose，togetoutofbed，andnotunlikestranglingorsmotheringitselfinitsownblankets，atpresent！
WithandinregardtoSaxony，hisworkisofcourseextremelyconsiderable；andinregardtohisownArmy，anditscomingBusiness，considerablestofall。Counter—Manifestowork，tostatehiscaseinadistinctmanner，andleaveitwiththePopulationsiftheDiplomaciesaredeaf:thistoo，iscopiouslyproceeding；
underArtistswhoprobablydonotrequiremuchsupervision。
Infact，noKinglivinghassuchservants，intheCivilortheMilitarypart，toexecutehiswill。AndnoKingsolittlewasteshimselfinnoises；aKingwhohasgoodcommandofhimself，firstofall；nottobethrownoffhisbalancebyanyterror，anyprovocationeven，thoughhistemperisverysharp。
FriedrichinpersonismainlyatDresden，lodgedintheBruhlPalace；——endlesswardrobesandmagnificencesthere；threehundredandsixty—FOURPairsofBreecheshangingmelancholy，inawidowedmanner:C’ESTASSEZDECULOTTES；MONTREZ—MOIDESVERTUS！Bruhlisfaraway，inPoland；MadamBruhlhasstillherApartmentsinthisPalace，——afrugalKingneedsonlythenecessaryspaces。
MadamBruhlisverybusyhere；andnottogoodpurpose，beingwellseeninto。\"ShehadacaskofwinesentherfromWarsaw，\"saysFriedrich；\"ordersweregiventodecantforhereverydropofthewine，buttobesureandbringusthecask。\"Caskwasfoundtohavetwobottoms，intermediatespacefilledwithspy—correspondence。
MadamBruhlprotestsandpleads，Friedrichnotunpoliteinreply；
hislastLettertohersays，\"Madam，itisbetterthatyougoandjoinyourHusband。\"
AnotherhighDamegetssausagesfromBohemia；——someofFriedrich’slighttroopshaveanappetite，beyondstrictlawforsausages；
breakin，findLettersalongwiththeotherstuffing。
[OEuvresdeFrederic，iv。108；Mitchell，\"27thMarch，1757\"（Raumerp。321）。]Friedrichhasagooddealofwatchingandcoercingtodointhatkind，——somearresting，conveyanceeventoCustrinforatime，thoughnothingcruelerprovedneedful。TothepoorQueenhekeepsupcivilities，butisobligedtobestrictasArgus；——shemadehimaGifttoo，theNIGHT
ofCorreggio，admiredNOTTEofCorreggio；havingheardthathesatbeforeitsilentforhalfanhour，onenteringthatfineGallery，——
whichisduetoourSovereignLordandhisBruhl，alas！Ontheotherhand，FriedrichhadtotakefromherMajesty’sRoyalAbodethoseHundredSwissofBody—guard；todischargethesame，andputPrussiansintheirstead。Nay，atonetime，onloudoutcryfromherMajesty，andgreatprivatecauseofcomplaintagainsther，therewastalkofsendingthepoorRoyalladytoWarsaw，afterherHusband；butherobjectionbeingviolent，nothingcameofthat:
Winterfollowing，herpoorMajestydied，[27thNovember，1757。]andgavenobodyanyfarthertrouble。
Friedrich’soutposts，especiallyintheLausitz，areagooddealdisturbedbyAustrianTolpatcheries；anddofeats，heroicinthesmallway，insmitingdownthatrabble。AvaluableOfficerortwoislostinsuchpoorservice，poorbutindispensable；[FuneralDiscourses（ofaverycurious，ponderousandserioustone），inGesammelteNachrichten，ii。458，464，&c。]
andthetroopshavenotalwaysthereposewhichisintendedthem。
Lieutenant—ColonelLoudon（Scotchbykindred，andfamousenoughbeforelong）isthesouloftheseCroatenterprises，——andgetshisColonelcybythem，inamonthortwo；Brownerecommending。
LoudonhadarrivedtoolateforLobositz，buthadbeenwithBrownetoSchandau；and，onthemarchhomewards，didabrightfeatoftheCroatkind:——surprisal，verycomplete，ofthatHill—CastleofTetschenandconsiderableHussarPartythere；doneinastylewhichcaughttheeyeofBrowne；andwasthebeginningofgreatthingstopoorLoudon，afterhistwentyyearsofpainfuleclipseundertheIndigoTrencks，andmiscellaneousDoggeries，AustrianaudRussian。
[LAVIEDUFELDMARECHALBARONDELOUDON（TranslationofonePezzl’sGerman:aVienneetaParis，1792），i。1—32。]
Tetschen，therefore，willagainneedcapturebythePrussians，iftheyagainintendthatway。Andinthemeanwhile，Friedrich，tocounterpoisethosemischievousCroatpeople，hasbethoughthimoforganizingasimilarForceofhisown；——Footchiefly，for，onhintofformerexperience，healreadyhasHussarsinquantity。And，thisWinter，thereareaccordingly，indifferentSaxonTowns，threeIrregularRegimentsgettingreadyforhim；three\"VolunteerColonels\"busilyenlistingeachhis\"FreeCorps，\"suchthetitlechosen；——chiefColonelofthemoneMayer，nowinZwickauneighborhoodwith6or700loosehandyfellowsroundhim，gettingformedintostrictbattalionthere:[Pauli（ourolddiffusefriend），LebengrosserHeldendesgegenwartigenKrieges（9vols。，Halle，1759—1764），iii。159，？Mayr。]ofwhom，andofwhosesoldiering，weshallhearfarther。Fortheplanwasfoundtoanswer；andextendeditselfyearafteryear；andthe\"PrussianFreeCorps，\"onewayandanother，madeconsiderablenoiseintheworld。
OutwardlyFriedrich’sLifeisquiet；busy，nonecanbemoreso；
buttotheon—looker，placid，politeespecially。HehearssermononceortwiceintheKreuz—Kirche（ProtestantHighChurch）；
thennextdaywillheargoodmusic，devotionalifyoucallitso，intheCatholicChurch，whereherPolishMajestyis。DailyattheoldhourhehashisownConcert，nowandthenassistingwithhisownflute。MakesdonationstothePoor，andsuchlike，duefromSaxonSovereigntywhileheldbyhim；ontheotherhand，reducessalariesatasadrateGuarini，Queen’sConfessor，fromnear2，000
poundstolittlemorethan300pounds，foroneinstance；——cutsoffabout25，000poundsinallunderthishead。[Helden—
Geschichte，iv。306（\"December，1756\"）。]Andisheavywithbilleting，asnewPrussiansarrive。BilletsatlengthintheveryAmbassadors’Hotels，——andbywayofapologytotheExcellencies，signifiestotheminabody:\"Sorryforthenecessity，yourExcellencies:butoughtnotyoutogotoWarsawrather？YourcredentialsaretohisPolishMajesty。Heisnothere；
norcominghither，forsometime！\"Whichhint，Isuppose，theExcellenciesmostlytook。FromhisownForeststherecamebytheElbegreatraftsoffirewood，towarmhissoldiersintheirquarters。Onceortwicehemakesexcursions，ofadayoftwodays；
totheLausitz，toLeipzig（throughFreyberg，wherehehasapostofimportance）；——verygracioustotheUniversitypeople:\"Studentsbetroubledwithsoldiering？FarfromityelearnedGentlemen，servantsoftheMuses！Recruitment，alamentablenecessity，istogoonunderyourownOfficialpeople，andwhollybytheoldmethods。\"[Helden—Geschichte，iv。303—313；
UNIVERSITATSANSCHLAGZULEIPZIG，WEGENDERWERBUNG
（\"University—PlacardaboutEnlisting:\"inGesammelteNachrichten，i。811）。]
Once，andonceonly，hemadearuntoBerlin，January4th—18th，1757:thelastforsixyearsandmore。Camewithgreatdespatch，BrotherHenriwithhim，wholejourneyinoneday；got，\"tohisMother’sabout11atnight。\"[Ib。iv。308。]Ajoyfulmeeting，forthekindred:cheerfullight—gleaminthedarktime，sosuddenlyeclipsedtothemandothersbythosehurricanesthathaverisen。
HisMajestyseemstobeinperfecthealth；andwearsnolookofgloom。AtBerlinisnoCarnivalthisyear；allaregrave，sunkinsadcontemplationsofthefuture。Ofhisbusinessesinthisinterval，whichweremany，Iwillsaynothing；onlyofonelittleActhedid，thedaybeforehisdeparture:thewritingofthisSECRETLETTEROFINSTRUCTIONStoGrafFinckvonFinkenstein，hischiefHomeMinister，oneofhisoldboy—comrades，asreadersmayrecollect。TheLetterwasreadbyCountFinckwithprofoundattention，11thJanuary，1757，andconnedovertillhekneweverypointofit；afterwhichhesealeditup，inscribingontheCover:
\"HOCHSTEIGENHANDIGEUNDGANXGEHEIME\"——thatis，\"Highest—
AutographicandaltogetherSecretInstructions，bytheKing，which，withtheAppendixes，weredeliveredtome，GrafvonFinkenstein，the12thofJanuary，1757。\"Inthisdocketingitlay，sealedformanyyears（noneknowshowmany），thenunsealed，stillinstrictkeeping，inthePrivateRoyalArchives\"[Preuss，i。449。]——tillonFriedrich’sBirthday，24thJanuary，1854，itwas，withsomesolemnity，lithographedatBerlin，anddistributedtoaselectpublic，——asreadersshallsee。
\"SECRETINSTRUCTIONFORTHEGRAFVONFINCK。
\"BERLIN，10thJanuary，1757。
\"Inthecriticalsituationouraffairsarein，Ioughttogiveyoumyorders，sothatinallthedisastrouscaseswhichareinthepossibilityofevents，youbeauthorizedfortakingthenecessarysteps。
\"1。Ifitchanced（whichHeavenforbid）thatoneofmyArmiesinSaxonyweretotallybeaten；orthattheFrenchshoulddrivetheHanoveriansfromtheirCountry[whichtheyfailednottodo]，andestablishthemselvesthere，andthreatenuswithaninvasionintotheAltmark；orthattheRussiansshouldgetthroughbytheNeumark，——youaretosavetheRoyalFamily，theprincipalDICASTERIA[Land—Schedules，ListsofTax—dues]，theMinistriesandtheDirectorium[whichisthecentralMinistryofall]。IfitisinSaxonyontheLeipzigsidethatwearebeaten，thefittestplacefortheremovaloftheRoyalFamily，andoftheTreasure，istoCustrin:insuchcasetheRoyalFamilyandallabovenamedmustgo，escortedbythewholeGarrison\"ofBerlin，\"toCustrin。IftheRussiansenteredbytheNeumark，orifamisfortunebefellusintheLausitz，itwouldbetoMagdeburgthatallwouldhavetogo:
infine，thelastrefugeisStettin，——butyoumustnotgotillthelastextremity。TheGarrison，theRoyalFamilyandtheTreasureareinseparable，andgoalwaystogether:tothismustbeaddedtheCrownDiamonds，theSilverPlateintheGrandApartments，——which，insuchcase，aswellastheGoldPlate，mustbeatoncecoinedintomoney。
\"IfithappenedthatIwerekilled，thePublicAffairsmustgoonwithoutthesmallestalteration，oritsbeingnoticeablethattheyareinotherhands:and，inthiscase，youmusthastenforwardtheOathsandHomagings，aswellhereasinPreussen；and，aboveall，inSilesia。IfIshouldhavethefatalitytobetakenprisonerbytheEnemy，Iprohibitallofyoufrompayingtheleastregardtomyperson，ortakingtheleastheedofwhatImightwritefrommyplaceofdetention。Shouldsuchmisfortunehappenme，IwishtosacrificemyselffortheState；andyoumustobeymyBrother，——who，aswellasallmyMinistersandGenerals，shallanswertomewiththeirheads，NottoofferanyProvinceoranyRansomforme，buttocontinuetheWar，pushingtheiradvantages，asifIneverhadexistedintheworld。
\"Ihope，andhavegroundtobelieve，thatyou，CountFinck，willnotneedtomakeuseofthisInstruction:butincaseofmisfortune，Iauthorizeyoutoemployit；and，asmarkthatitis，afteramatureandsounddeliberation，myfirmandconstantwill，I
signitwithmyHandandconfirmitwithmySeal。\"
Or，inFriedrich’sownspelling&c。，sofarasourpossibilitiespermit:——
\"INSTRUCTIONSECRETEPOURLECONTEDEFINE。
\"BERLIN，ce10deJanv。1757。
\"DansLaSituationCritiqueousetrouventnosaffairesjedoisVousdonnermesOrdrespourquedanstoutLesCasMalheureuxquisontdanslapossibilitedesEvenemensvousSoyezautorisseauxpartisquilfautprendre。1）[Yes；buttherefollowsno\"2）\"
anywhere，suchthehaste！]Silarivoit（dequoileCielpreserve）
qu’unedemesArmeesenSaxsefuttotallementbattue，oubienqueLesfrancaischassassentLesHanovryeinsdeLeurpaisetsietablissentetnousmenassassentd’unInvassiondanslaVieilleMarche，ouquelesRussespenetrassentparLaNouvelleMarche，ilfautSauverlafamilleRoyale，lesprincipeauxDicastereslesMinistresetleDirectoire。SinoussomesbattusenSaxseduCotedeleipssicLeLieuLeplusproprepourLetransportdeLafamilleetduTressorestaCustrin，ilfautenceCasquelafamilleRoyalleettoutscidesusnomezaillentesCortezdetouteLaGuarnissonaCustrin。SilesRussesentroientparlaNouveleMarcheouquilnousarivatunMalheurenLusace，ilfaudroitquetoutSetransportataMagdebourg，enfinLeDerni&refugeestaStetein，maisilnehutyall&rqu’aLaDerniereexstremiteLaGuarnissonlafamilleRoyalleetleTressortsentInseparablesetvonttoujoursensembleilfautyajouterlesDiamansdelaCouronne，etL’argenteriedesGrandsApartementsquienpareilcasainsiquelaVeselled’ordoitetreincontinantMonoyee。Silarivoitquejefustue，ilfautqueLesaffairesContinuentLeurtrainsanslaMoindreallterationetSansqu’ons’apersoivequ’ellessontend’autreMains，etenceCasilfauthaterSermensethomagestanticiqu’enprusseetsurtoutenSilesie。Sij’avoislafatalited’etreprisprissonierparL’Enemy，jeDefendqu’onAyeleMoindreegardpourmaperssonneniqu’onfasseLaMoindrereflextionsurcequejepouroisecriredeMaDetention，SipareilMalheurm’arivoitjeVeuxmeSacriffierpourL’Etatetilfautqu’onobeisseaMonfrerelequelainsiquetoutMesMinistresetGenerauxmereponderontdeleurTettequ’onoffriraniprovinceniranssonpourmoyetquelonContinueralaGuerreenpoussantSesavantagestoutComesijen’avaisjamaisexsistedansleMonde。J’espereetjedoisCroirequeVousContefincn’aurezpasbessoindefaireusagedeCetteInstructionmaisencasdeMalheurjeVousautorisseaL’Employer，etMarquequeC’estapresUneMureetsaineDeliberationMafermeetConstanteVolontejeleSignedeMaMainetlaMunidemonCachet\"FEDERICR。\"
[FacsimileofAutograph（Berlin，24thJanuary，1854），whereissomeindistinctHistoryoftheDocument。Printedalsoin
OEuvres，xxv。319—323。]
These，privatelymadelawinthismanner，areFriedrich’sfixedfeelingsandresolutions；——howfixedisnowfartherapparentbyafactwhichwasthenstillmoreprivate，guessablelongafterwardsonlybyoneortwo，andneverclearlyknownsolongasFriedrichlived:thefactthathehad（nowmostprobably，thoughthedateisnotknown）providedpoisonforhimself，andconstantlyworeitabouthispersonthroughthisWar。\"Fiveorsixsmallpills，inasmallglasstube，withabitofribbontoit:\"thatsternreliclay，inaworncondition，insomedrawerofFriedrich’s，afterFriedrichwasgone。[Preuss，ii。175，315n。]FortheFactsareperemptory；andamanthatwilldealwiththemmustbeequallyso。
TwodaysafterthisFinckmissive，Friday，12th，FriedrichtookfarewellatBerlin，drovetoPotsdamthatnightwithhisBrother，toDresdennextday。Adieu，Madam；Adieu，OMother！saidtheKing，inroyalterms，butwithaheartaltogetherhuman。\"MayGodaboveblessyou，mySon！\"theoldLadywouldreply:——andtheTwohadseenoneanotherforthelasttime；MotherandSonweretomeetnomoreinthisworld。
EndofV17
HistoryofFriedrichIIofPrussiaV18
byThomasCarlyleBOOKXVIII。
SEVEN—YEARSWARRISESTOAHEIGHT。
1757—1759。
ChapterI。
THECAMPAIGNOPENS。
SeldomwasthereseensuchacombinationagainstanymanasthisagainstFriedrich，afterhisSaxonperformancesin1756。Theextentofhissin，whichisnowascertainedtohavebeenwhatwesaw，wasatthattimeconsideredtotranscendallcomputation，andtomarkhimoutforpartition，forsuppressionandenchainment，asthegeneralenemyofmankind。\"Partitionhim，cuthimdown，\"saidtheGreatPowerstooneanother；andarebusy，asneverbefore，inraisingforces，incitingnewalliancesandcallingoutthegeneralPOSSECOMITATUSofmankind，forthatsalutaryobject。
WhattempestuousfulminationsintheReichstag，andoverallEurope，Englandaloneexcepted，againstthisman！
LatterlytheSwedes，whoatfirsthadcompunctionsonthescoreofProtestantism，haveagreedtojoininthePartitioningadventure:
\"ItbringsushisPommern，allPommernours！\"crytheSwedishParliamentaryEloquences（withFrenchgoldintheirpocket）:
\"Atanyrate，\"whisperthey，\"itspitestheQueenhisSister！\"——anddragthepoorSwedishNationintoaseriesofdisgracesanddisastrousplatitudesitwaslittleanticipating。ThispreciousFrench—SwedishBargain（\"Swedestoinvadewith25，000；Francetogivefairsubsidy，\"andbribelargely）wasconsummatedinMarch；
[\"21stMarch，1757\"（Stenzel，v。38；&c。）。]butdidnotbecomeknowntoFriedrichforsomemonthslater；norwasitoftheimportancehethenthoughtit，inthefirstmomentofsurpriseandprovocation。Notindeedofimportancetoanybody，except，inthereverseway，topoorSwedenitself，andtotheFrench，whohadspentagreatdealofpainsandmoneyonit，andcontinuedtospend，withasgoodasnoresultatall。ForthereneverwassuchaWar，beforeorsince，notevenbySwedenintheCaptainlessstate！
Andtheoneprofitthecopartnersreapedfromit，wassomediscountenanceitgavetotherumorwhichhadrisen，moreextensivelythanweshouldnowthink，andevensomenucleusoffactinitasappears，ThatAustria，FranceandtheCatholicpartoftheReichwerecombiningtoputdownProtestantism。Towhichtheycouldnowanswer，\"See，ProtestantSwedeniswithus！\"——andsoweakenalittlewhatwasprettymuchFriedrich’slastholdonthepublicsympathiesatthistime。
AstoFranceitself，——toFrance，Austria，Russia，——boundbysuchearthlyTreaties，andthecallofveryHeaven，shalltheynot，inunitedpuissanceandindignation，risetotherescue？