Takingthewatersatleast，andamusinghimself。FromBrunswick，inpassing，hehadbroughtwithhimhisBrother—in—lawthereigningDuke；Rothenburgwasthere，andBrotherHenri；D’Argetexpressly；
Flute—playerQuanzwithal，andvariousmusicalpeople:\"inall，atrainofabovesixtypersons。\"InoticealsothatPrinceWilhelmofHessenwasinPyrmontatthetime。Withwhom，onefancies，whatspeculationstheremightbe:AboutthelateandpresentWar—
passages，aboutthepoorPeaceProspects；yourHessian\"Siege\"socalled\"ofBlairinAthol\"（CULLODENnowcomfortablydone），andothercognatetopics。ThatisthePyrmontJourney。
Itisnosurprisetoustohear，inthesemonths，ofnewandcontinualattentiontoArmymatters，toHusbandrymatters；andtomakinggood，onallsides，theruinsleftbyWar。Ofrebuilding（attheroyalexpense）\"thetownofSchmiedeberg，whichhadbeenburnt；\"ofrebuilding，andrepairingfromtheirdamage，allSilesianvillagesanddwellings；andstillmoresatisfactory，How，\"inMay，1746，therewas，ineveryCircleoftheCountry，byexactliquidationofAccounts[sorapidlygotdone]，exactpaymentmadetotheindividualsconcerned，1。ofallthehay，strawandcornthathadbeendeliveredtohisMajesty’sArmies；2。ofallthehorsesthathadperishedintheKing’swork；3。ofallthehorsesstolenbytheEnemy，andofallthemoney—contributionsexactedbytheEnemy:paymentinreadycash，andaccordingtotherulesofjustice（BAARUNDBILLIGMASSIG），byhisMajesty。\"[Seyfarth，ii。
22，23。]
ItwasfromPyrmont，May，1746，——ormoredefinitely，itwas\"atPotsdamearlyinthemorning，15thSeptember，\"following，——thatFriedrichlaunched，orshotforthfromitsmoorings，aftermuchpreviousattemptingandpreparing，averygreatEnterprise；
whichhehasneverlostsightofsincethedayhebeganreigning，norwilltillhisreignandlifeend:theactualReformofLawinPrussia。\"May12th，1746，\"Friedrich，ontheroadtoPyrmont，answershisChiefLaw—MinisterCocceji’sREPORTOFPRACTICALPLAN
onthismatter:\"Yes；looksveryhopeful！\"——andtookitwithhimtoconsideratPyrmont，duringhisleisure。Muchconsideringofit，thenandafterwards，therewas。Andfinally，September15th，earlyinthemorning，CoccejihadanInterviewwithFriedrich；andthedecisivefiatwasgiven:\"Yes；startonit，inGod’sname！
Pommern，whichtheycallthePROVINCIALITIGIOSA；tryittherefirst！\"[Ranke，ii。392。]AndCocceji，avigorousoldmanofsixty—
seven，oneofthemostlearnedofLawyers，andaveryHerculesincleaningLaw—Stables，has，onFriedrich’surgencies，——whichhavebeenrepeatedoneverybreathing—timeofPeacetherehasbeen，andevensometimesinthemiddleofWar（lastJanuary，1745，forexample；andagain，expressOrder，January，1746，afortnightafterPeacewassigned），——actuallygothimselfgirtforthissalutarywork。\"Washmeoutthathorrorofaccumulation，letusseetheoldPavementsoftheplaceagain。EveryLawsuittobefinishedwithintheYear！\"
Cocceji，whohadbeenmeditatingsuchmattersforagreatwhile，[\"1stMarch，1738，\"FriedrichWilhelm’s\"Edict\"onLawReform:
Coccejiready，atthattime；——buthisthenMajestyforbore。]andwashimselfeagertoproceed，inspiteofconsiderablewiggedoppositionsandsecretreluctancesthattherewere，didnow，onthatfiatofSeptember15th，gethisSelectCommissionofSixriddledtogetherandadjoinedtohim，——thelikeliestSixthatPrussia，inherdifferentProvinces，couldyield；——andgottheSTANDEofPommern，afterduecommitteeinganddeliberating，toconsentandpromisehelp。December31st，1746，wasthedaytheSTANDEconsented:andJanuary10th，1747，CoccejiandhisSixsetoutforPommern。OnalongishEnterprise，inthatProvinceandtheothers；——ofwhichweshallhavetotakenotice，andgiveatleastthedatesastheyoccur。
TosweepoutpettifoggingAttorneys，cancelimproperAdvocates，toregulateFees；towar，inacalmbutdeadlymanner，againstpedantries，circumlocutionsandthemultipliedformsofstupidity，cupidityandhumanowleryinthisdepartment；——and，onthewhole，torealizefromeveryCourt，nowandonwards，\"AdecisiontoallLawsuitswithinaYearaftertheirbeginning。\"Thislatterresult，Friedrichthinks，willitselfbehighlybeneficial；andbethesignofallmannerofimprovements。AndCocceji，scanningitwiththosepotentlaw—eyesofhis，venturestoassurehimthatitwillbepossible。As，infact，itproved；——honortoCoccejiandhisKing，andKing’sFatherwithal。\"SamuelvonCocceji[saysanoldNote]，sonofaLawProfessor，andhimselfoncesuch，——waspickedupbyFriedrichWilhelm，fortheOfficialcareer，manyyearsago。Amanofwholesome，bynomeansweaklyaspect，——tojudgebyhisPortrait，whichisthechief’Biography’Ihaveofhim。Potenteyesandeyebrows，dittobluntnose；honest，almostcarelesslips，anddeepchinwelldewlapped:extensivepenetrativeface，notpinceredtogether，butpotentlyfallenclosed；——comfortabletosee，inawigofsuchmagnitude。Friedrich，ajudgeofmen，callshim’amanofsterlingcharacter（CARACTEREINTEGREETDROIT），whosequalitieswouldhavesuitedthenobletimesoftheRomanRepublic。’\"
[OEuvres，iv。2。]HehashisHerculeanbattle，hisMasterandhehave，withtheOwleriesandthevulturousLaw—Pedantries，——whichIalwaysloveFriedrichfordetestingashedoes:——and，duringthenextfiveyears，theworldwillhearoftenofCocceji，andofthisPrussianLaw—ReformbyFriedrichandhim。
HisMajesty’sexertionstomakePeacewerenotsuccessful；
whatdoeslieinhispoweris，tokeepoutofthequarrelhimself。
Itappearsgreathopeswereentertained，bysomeinEngland，ofgainingFriedrichover；ofmakinghimSupremeCaptaintotheCauseofLiberty。Andprospectswereheldouttohim，quasi—offersmade，ofareallymagnificentnature，——undeniable，thoughobscure。
HerrRankehasbeenamongtheArchivesagain；andcomesoutwithfractionalsnatchesofaverystrange\"PaperfromEngland；\"
capriciouslyhidingalldetailsaboutit，allintelligibleexplanation:sothatyouinvainask，\"Where，When，How，Bywhom？\"
——andcanonlyguesstoyourselfthatCarteretwassomehowatthebottomofthething；AUTCARTERETUSAUTDIABOLUS。\"WhatwouldyourMajestythinktobeelectedStadtholderofHolland？WithoutaStadtholder，theseDutchareworthnothing；nothoistable，norofusewhenhoisted，allpalaveringandpullingdifferentways。
MusthaveaStadtholder；andonethatstandsfirmonsomebasisofhisown。StadtholderofHolland，KingofPrussia，——youthen，insuchposition，takethereinsofthispoorflounderingEnglish—
DutchGermanicAnti—FrenchWar，you；anddriveitinthestyleyouhave。ConquerbacktheNetherlandstous；FrenchNetherlandsaswell。FrenchandAustrianNetherlandstogether，yoursinperpetuity；DutchStadtholderateasgoodasditto:this，withPrussiaanditsfightingcapabilities，willbeapleasantProtestantthing。AustriacareslittleabouttheNetherlands，incomparison。Austria，gettingbackitsLorraineandAlsace，willbecontent，willbestrongonitsfeet。WhatifitshouldevenloseItaly？France，Spain，Sardinia，theItalianPettyPrincipalitiesandAnarchies:supposetheytugandtussle，andcollapsethereastheycan？ButletFrancetrytolookacrosstheRhineagain；andtothreatenTeutschland，England，andtheCauseofHumanLibertytemporalorspiritual！\"
ThisisauthenticallythepurportofHerrRanke’sextraordinaryDocument；[Ranke，iii。359。]guessableasduetoCARTERETUSorDIABOLUS。Hereisanoutlook；hereisacareerasConqueringHero，ifthatwereone’sline！Averymagnificentground—plan；hunguptokindlethefancyofayoungKing，——whoisfartooprudenttogointoitatall。Moredefinitequasi—officialoffers，itseems，weremadehimfromthesamequarter:Subsidiestobeginwith，suchsubsidiesasnobodyeverhadbefore；say1，000，000poundssterlingbytheYear。TowhichFriedrichanswered，\"Subsidies，yourExcellency？\"（AreWeaHackney—Coachman，then？）——and，withmuchcontempt，turnedhisbackonthatoffer。Nofightingtobehad，bypurchaseorseduction，outofthisyoungman。WillnotplaytheConqueringHeroatall，northeHackney—Coachmanatall；
hasdecided\"nottofightacat\"ifletalone；buttodoandendeavoraquiteothersetofthings，fortherestofhislife。
Friedrich，readerscanobserve，isnotupliftedwithhisgreatness。
Hehasbeentoomuchbeatenandbruisedtobeanythingbutmodestlythankfulforgettingoutofsuchadeadlyclashofchaoticswords。
Seemstohavelittleprideeveninhis\"FiveVictories；\"orhidesitwell。Talksnotovermuchaboutthesethings；talksofthem，sofaraswecanhear，withhisoldcomradesonly，inpraiseofTHEIR
prowesses；asasimplehumanbeing，notasasupremeofcaptains；
andattimesacknowledges，inafinesincereway，theomnipotenceofLuckinmattersofWar。
Oneofthemostcharacteristictraits，extensivelysymbolicalofFriedrich’sintentionsandoutlooksatthisEpoch，ishisinstallingofhimselfinthelittleDwelling—House，whichhassincebecomesocelebratedunderthenameofSans—Souci。TheplanofSans—Souci——anelegantcommodiouslittle\"CountryBox，\"quiteofmodestpretensions，onestoryhigh；onthepleasantHill—topnearPotsdam，withotherlittlegreenHills，andpleasantviewsoflandandwater，allround——hadbeensketchedinpartbyFriedrichhimself；andthediggingsandterracingsoftheHill—sidewerejustbeginning，whenhequittedfortheLastWar。\"April14th，1745，\"
whilehelayinthoseperilousenigmaticcircumstancesatNeissewithPandoursanddevouringbugbearsroundhim，\"thefoundation—
stonewaslaid\"（Knobelsdorfbeingarchitect，oncemore，asintheoldReinsbergcase）:andthework，whichhadbeensteadilyproceedingwhiletheMasterstruggledinthosedangerousbattlesandadventuresfarawayfromit，wasingoodforwardnessathisreturn。Anobjectofcheerfulinteresttohim；propheticofcalmeryearsahead。
ItwasnottillMay，1747，thattheformaloccupationtookplace:
\"Mayday，1747，\"hehadagrandHouse—heating，or\"FirstDinner，of200covers:andMay19th—20thwasthefirstnightofhissleepingthere。\"ForthenextFortyYears，especiallyasyearsadvanced，hespentthemostofhisdaysandnightsinthislittleMansion；
whichbecamemoreandmorehisfavoriteretreat，wheneverthenoisesandscenicetiquetteswerenotinexorable。\"SANS—SOUCI；\"
whichwemaytranslate\"No—Bother。\"Abusyplacethistoo，butofthequietkind；andmoreahometohimthananyoftheThreefinePalaces（ultimatelyFour），whichlayalwayswaitingforhimintheneighborhood。BerlinandCharlottenburgareabouttwentymilesoff；
Potsdam，which，liketheothertwo，isratherconsummateamongPalaces，liesleftwiseinfrontofhimwithinashortmile。Andatlength，toRIGHThand，inasimilardistanceanddirection，camethe\"NEUESCHLOSS\"（NewPalaceofPotsdam），calledalsothe\"PALACE
ofSans—Souci，\"indistinctionfromtheDwelling—House，orasitwereGarden—House，whichmadethatnamesofamous。
CertainlyitisasignificantfeatureofFriedrich；anddisclosestheinbornproclivityhehadtoretirement，tostudyandreflection，asthechosenelementofhumanlife。WhyhefelluponsoambitiousatitleforhisRoyalCottage？\"No—Bother\"wasnotpracticallyathinghe，ofallmen，couldconsiderpossibleinthisworld:attheutmostperhaps，bygoodcare，\"LESS—Bother\"！
Thename，itappears，camebyaccident。HehadpreparedhisTomb，andvariousTombs，intheskirtsofthisnewCottage:lookingatthese，asthebuildingofthemwenton，hewasheardtosay，oneday（Spring1746），D’Argensstrollingbesidehim:\"OUI，ALORSJE
SERAISANSSOUCI（OnceTHERE，onewillbeoutofbother）！\"Asayingwhichwasrumoredof，andrepeatedinsociety，beingbysuchaman。
Outofwhichrumorinsociety，andtheevidentaimoftheCottageRoyal，therewasgraduallyborn，asVenusfromthefrothofthesea，thisname，\"Sans—Souci；\"——whichFriedrichadopted；and，beforetheYearwasout，hadputuponhislintelingoldletters。Sothat，by\"Mayday，1747，\"thenamewasinallmen’smemories；andhascontinuedeversince。[Preuss，i。268，&c。；Nicolai，iii。1200。]
TouristsknowthisCottageRoyal:Friedrich’s\"ThreeRoomsinit；
oneofthemaLibrary；inanother，alittleAlcovewithanironBed\"（iron，withoutcurtains；oldsoftenedHATtheusualroyalnightcap）——altogetherasoldier’slodging:——allthisstillstandsasitdid。Cheerfullylookingdownonitsgarden—terraces，stairs，Greekstatues，andagainstthefreesky:——perhapswemayvisititintimecoming，andtakeamorespecialview。IntheYearsnowonhand，Friedrich，Ithink，didnotmuchpracticallylivethere，onlyshiftedthithernowandthen。HischiefresidenceisstillPotsdamPalace；andinCarnivaltime，thatofBerlin；withCharlottenburgforoccasionalfestivities，especiallyinsummer，thegardenstherebeingfine。
ThisofSans—SouciisbutportionofawiderTendency，widersetofendeavorsonFriedrich’spart，whichreturnsuponhimnowthatPeacehasreturned:ThatofimprovinghisownDomesticities，whilehelaborsatsomanypublicimprovements。Gazinglongonthatsimmering\"TyphoonofMarine—stores\"abovementioned，wedotraceThreegreatHeadsofEndeavorinthisPeacePeriod。FIRST，theReformofLaw；which，asabovehinted，isnowearnestlypushedforwardagain，andwasbroughttowhatwasthoughtcompletionbeforelong。Withmuchrumorofapplausefromcontemporarymankind。
Concerningwhichwearetogivesomeindications，wereitonlydatesintheirorder:though，astheaffairturnedoutnottobecompleted，buthadtobetakenupagainlongafter，andisanaffairlyingwideofBritishken，——thereneednot，andindeedcannot，bemuchsaidofitjustnow。SECONDLY，thereiseagerFurtheringoftheHusbandries，theCommerces，PracticalArts，——
especiallyatpresent，thatofForeignCommerce，andShippingfromthePortofEmbden。Whichshallhaveduenotice。AndTHIRDLY，whatmustbeourmaintopichere，thereisthatofImprovingtheDomesticities，theHouseholdEnjoymentssuchastheywere；——
especiallydefinableasRenewaloftheoldReinsbergProgram；
attemptmorestrenuousthanevertorealizethatbeautifulideal。
Which，andthetotalfailureofwhich，andtheconsequentquasi—
abandonmentofitfortimecoming，arestill，intrinsicallyandbyaccident，ofconsiderableinteresttomodernreaders。
Curious，andinsomesorttouching，toobservehowthatoldoriginalLife—Programstillre—emergesonthisKing:\"Somethingofmelodiouspossibleinone’spoorlife，isnotthere？ALifetothePracticalDuties，yes；buttotheMusesaswell！\"——OfFriedrich’ssuccessinhisLaw—Reforms，inhisHusbandries，CommercesandFurtherances，conspicuouslygreatasitwas，thereisnopossibilityofmakingcarelessreaderscognizantatthisday。
Onlybythegreatresults——a\"PrussiaQUADRUPLED\"inhistime，andthelike——canstudiousreadersconvincethemselves，inacoldandmerelystatisticway。ButinrespectofLifetotheMuses，wehavehappilythemeansofshowingthatinactualvitality；inpracticalstruggletowardsfulfillment，——andhowextremelydisappointingtheresultwas。Inaword，VoltairepayshisFifthandfinalVisitinthisPeriod；theVoltairemattercomestoitsconsummation。Tothat，astooneofthefewthingswhichareperfectlyknowableinthisPeriodofTEN—YEARSPEACE，andinwhichmankindstilltakeinterest，wepurposemostlytodevoteourselveshere。
TenyearsofagreatKing’slife，tenbusyyearstoo；andnothingvisibleinthem，ofmainsignificance，butacrashofAuthor’sQuarrels，andtheCrowningVisitofVoltaire？Trulyyes，reader；
soithasbeenordered。Innumerablehigh—dressedgentlemen，godsofthislowerworld，aregonealltoinorganicpowder，nocomfortableorprofitablememorytobeheldofthemmore；andthispoorVoltaire，withoutimplementexceptthetongueandbrainofhim，——heisstillashiningobjecttoallthepopulations；andtheysayandsymboltome，\"Tellusofhim！Heistheman！\"Verystrangeindeed。
Changedtimessince，fordogsbarkingattheheelsofhim，andlionsroaringahead，——forAssesofMirepoix，forfoulcreaturesinhighdizenment，andfoulcreatureswhowerehungryvaletsofthesame，——thismancouldhardlygetthehighwayswalked！Andindeedhadtokeephiseyeswellopen，andalwayshavecovertwithinreach，——underpainofbeingtorntopieces，whilehewentaboutintheflesh，orratherinthebones，poorleanbeing。Changedtimes；
withintheCenturylastpast！Forindeedtherewasinthatmanwhatfartranscendsalldizenment，andtemporarypotencyovervalets，overlegions，treasure—vaultsanddimmillionsmostlyblockhead:
asparkofHeaven’sownlucency，agleamfromtheEternities（insmallmeasure）；——whichbecomesextremelynoticeablewhentheDanceisover，whenyourtallow—dipsandwax—lightsareburntout，andthebrawlofthenightisgonetobed。
ChapterII。
PEEPATVOLTAIREANDHISDIVINEEMILIE（BYCANDLELIGHT）
INTHETIDEOFEVENTS。
PublicEuropeanaffairsrequirelittleremembrance；theWarburningwelltoleewardofushenceforth。Ahugeworldofsmokychaos；thespecialfiresofit，iftherebeanythingoffire，areallthemoreclearfarinthedistance。Ofwhichsort，andofwhichonly，thereaderistohavenotice。MarechaldeSaxe——KingLouisoftenestpersonallythere，togivehisnameandcountenancetothingsdone——isverygloriousintheNetherlands；captures，sometimesbysurprisal，placeafterplace（beautifulsurprisalofBrusselslastwinter）；withsiegesofAntwerp，Mons，Charleroi，victoriouslyfollowinguponBrussels:and，beforetheendof1746，heiscloseuponHollanditself；intentonhavingNamurandMaestricht；
forwhichthepoorSea—Powers，withahandfulofAustrians，fighttwoBattles，andareagainbeatenbothtimes。[1。BattleofRoucoux，11thOctober，1746；PrinceKarlcommanding，Englishtakingmainlythestressoffight；——SaxehavingalreadyoutwittedpoorKarl，andgotNamur。2。BattleofLawfelt，orLauffeld，calledalsoofVAL，2dJuly，1747；RoyalHighnessofCumberlandcommanding（andtakingmostofthestress；Ligoniermadeprisoner，&c。），——Dutchfightingill，andBathyaniandhisAustrianshardlyinthefireatall。]Aglorious，ever—victoriousMarechal；andhasanArmyvery\"high—toned，\"inmorethanonesense:indeed，Ithink，oneoftheloudest—tonedArmieseveronthefieldbefore。Loudnotwithwell—
servedArtilleryalone，butwithplay—actorThunder—barrels（alwaysanitinerantTheatreattends），withgasconadingtalk，withorgies，debaucheries，——busyserviceoftheDevil，ANDpleasantconsciousnessthatweareHeaven’smasterpiece，andareinperfectreadinesstodieatanymoment；——ourELASTICITYandagility（\"ELAN\"
aswecallit）wellkeptup，inthatmanner，forthetimebeing。
HungarianMajesty，contrarytohope，neglectstheNetherlands，\"HollandandEngland，fortheirownsake，willmanagethere！\"——anddirectsallherresources，andherlatelyAnti—PrussianArmies（GeneralBrowneleadingthem）uponItaly，asuponthegrandinterestnow。LittletothecomfortoftheSea—Powers。
ButHungarianMajestyisdecidedtocutinupontheFrenchandSpaniards，inthatfineCountry，——whohadbeentriumphingtoomuchoflate；MailleboisandSenordeGagesdoingtheirmutualexploits（thoughgiventoquarrel）；DonPhilipwinteringinMilaneven（1745—1746）；andtheKingofSardiniagettingintoFrenchcoursesagain。
StrongcutsherHungarianMajestydoesinflict，ontheItalianside；tumblesInfantPhilipoutofMilanandhisCarnivalgayeties，inplentyofhurry；besiegesGenoa，MarquisBottad’Adorno（ouroldacquaintanceBotta）hersiege—captain，anativeofthisregion；
bringsbackthewaveringSardinianMajesty；capturesGenoa，andmuchelse。CapturesGenoa，wesay，——hadnotBottabeentoorigorousonhiscountrymen，andprovokedarevoltagain，RevoltofGenoa，whichproveddifficulttosettle。Infine，HungarianMajestyhas，inthecourseofthisyear1746，withaidofthereconfirmedSardinianMajesty，satisfactorilybeatentheFrenchandSpaniards。
Has——aftertwomurderousBattlesgainedovertheMaillebois—Gagespeople——drivenbothFrenchandSpaniardsintocorners，MailleboisaltogetherhomeagainacrosstheVar；——nayhasdescendedinactualInvasionuponFranceitself。And，beforeNew—year’sday，1747，GeneralBrowneisbusybesiegingAntibes，aidedbyEnglishSeventy—
fours；sothat\"sixtyFrenchBattalions\"havetohurryhome，fromwinter—quarters，towardsthoseProvencalCountries；andMarechaldeBelleisle，whocommandsthere，hashishandsfull。TriumphantenoughherHungarianMajesty，inItaly；whileintheNetherlands，thepoorSea—PowershavemetwithnoencouragementfromtheFatesorher。[\"BattleofPiacenza\"（PrinceLichtenstein，withwhomisBrowne，VERSUSGagesandMaillebois），16thJune，1746（ADELUNG，v。427）；\"BattleofRottofreddo\"（BottachiefAustrianthere，andouroldfriendBarenklaugettingkilledthere），12thAugust，1746
（IB。462）；whereupon，7thSEPTEMBER，Genoa（whichhaddeclareditselfAnti—Austrianlatterly，notwithoutcause，andbroughtthetugofWarintothoseparts）iscoercedbyBottatoopenitsgates，ongrievousterms（IB。484—489）；sothat，NOVEMBER30th，Browne，noBourbonArmynowonthefield，entersProvence（crossestheVar，thatday），andtriesAntibes:5th—11thDECEMBER，PopularRevoltinGenoa，andExpulsionofproudBottaandhisAustrians（IB。518—523）；uponwhichsurprisingevent（whichcouldnotbemendedduringtheremainderoftheWar），Browne’senterprisebecameimpossible。SeeBuonamici，HistoiredeladerniereRevolutiondeGenes；Adelung，v。516；vi。31，&c。&c。]
Allwhichthereadermaykeepimaginingathisconvenience；——butwillbegladrather，forthepresent，togowithusforanactuallookatM。deVoltaireandthedivineEmilie，whomwehavenotseenforalongtime。Notmuchhashappenedintheinterim；oneortwothingsonlywhichitcanconcernustoknow；——scatteredfragmentsofmemorial，onthewaythusfar:——
1。M。DEVOLTAIREHAS，IN1745，MADEWAYATCOURT。DivineEmiliepickedupherVoltairefromthatfineDiplomaticcourse，andwenthomewithhimoutofoursight，intheendof1743；theDiplomaticcareergraduallydeclaringitselfbarredtohimthenceforth。
Sincewhich，nevertheless，hehashadhissuccessesotherwise，especiallyinhisoldLiterarycourse:onthewhole，brightersunshinethanusual，thoughneverwithouttempestuouscloudsattending。Goesabout，withhisdivineEmilie，nowwearingbrownerandleaner，bothofthem；andtakesthegoodandeviloflife，mostlyinaquietmanner；sensiblethatafternooniscome。
Thethrice—famousPompadour，whohadbeenknowntohimintheChrysalisstate，didnotforgethimonbecomingHead—ButterflyoftheUniverse。Byherhelp，onelongwishofhissoulwasgratified，anddidnothungerorthirstanymore。SomeuncertainfootingatCourt，namely，wasatlengthvouchsafedhim:——uncertain；fortheMostChristianMajestyalwaysrathershudderedunderthosecarbuncleeyes，underthatvoice\"sombreandmajestious，\"withsuchturnslyinginit:——someuncertainfootingatCourt；andfromthebeginningof1745，hisluck，intheCourtspheres，begantomountinawonderfulandworld—evidentmanner。Ongroundstragicallysilly，ashethoughtthem。OntheDauphin’sWedding，——aTermagant’sInfantacominghitherasDauphiness，atthistime，——thereneededtobeCourt—shows，Dramaticules，Transparencies，FeastsofLanterns，orIknownotwhat。Voltairewasthechosenman；VoltaireandRameau（readershaveheardofRAMEAU’SNEPHEW，andmusicalreadersstillesteemRameau）didtheirfeat；wemaythinkwithwhatperfection，withwhatsplendorofreward。Alas，andthefeatdonewas，tooneoftheparties，sounspeakablycontemptible！
VoltairepensivelysurveyingLife，brushesthesoundingstrings；
andhumstohimself，thecarbuncleeyescarryinginthemalmostsomethingofwet:——
\"MONHenriQuatreETMAZaire，ETMONAMERICAINAlzire，NEM’ONTVALUJAMAISUNSEULREGARDDUROI；
J’AVAISMILLEENNEMISAVECTRESPEUDEGLOIRE:
LESHONNEURSETLESBIENSPLEUVENTENFINSURMOI
POURUNFARCEDELAFOIRE。\"
[\"MyHENRIQUATRE，myZAIRE，myALZIRE[highworksverymany]，couldneverpurchasemeasingleglanceoftheKing；Ihadmultitudesofenemies，andverylittlefame:——honorsandrichesrainonme，atlast，foraFarceoftheFair\"（OEuvres，ii。151）。
The\"Farce\"（whichbynomeansCALLEDitselfsuch）wasPRINCESSEDE
NAVARRE（OEuvres，lxxiii。251）:firstacted23dFebruary，1745，DayoftheWedding。GentlemanshipoftheChamberthereupon（whichVoltaire，bypermission，sold，shortlyafter，for2，500pounds，withtitlesretained），andappointmentasHistoriographerRoyal。PoorDauphinessdidnotlivelong；LouisXVI。’sMotherwasaSECONDWife，Saxon—PolishMajesty’sDaughter。]
Yes，myfriend；itisaconsiderableass，thisworld；bynomeansthePerfectlyWiseputatthetopofit（asonecouldwish），andthePerfectlyFoolishatthebottom。Witness——nay，witnessPsychePompadourherself，isnotsheanemblem！Takeyourluckwithoutcriticism；luckgoodandbadvisitsall。
2。ANDGOTINTOTHEACADEMYNEXTYEAR，INCONSEQUENCE。In1746，theAcademyitself，Pompadourfavoring，ismadewilling；VoltaireseeshimselfamongtheForty:soul，onthatsidetoo，beatease，andhungernotnorthirstanymore。[\"May9th，1746，VoltaireisreceivedattheAcademy；andmakesaveryfineDiscourse\"（BARBIER，ii。488）。OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxiii。355，385，andi。97。]ThishighestoffelicitiescouldnotbeachievedwithoutanuglyaccompanimentfromthesurroundingPopulace。
Desfontainesisdead，safedowninSodom；butwantsnotforasuccessor，forawholeDoggeryofsuch。Whoareallawake，andgivingtongueonthisoccasion。ThereisM。Roithe\"Poet，\"ashewasthenreckoned；jinglingRoi，whoconcoctssatiricalcalumnies；
whocollectsoldones，reprintsthesame，——andsendsTravenol，anOpera—Fiddler，tovendthem。FromwhichsprangaLawsuit，PROCES—
TRAVENOL，offamousmelancholysort。AsVoltairehadratherthehabitofsuchsadmelancholyLawsuits，wewillpauseonthisofTravenolforamoment:——
3。SUMMARYOFTRAVENOLLAWSUIT。\"Monday，9thMay，1746，wastheDayorreceptionattheAcademy；receptionandfruition，thrice—savorytoVoltaire。ButwhatanexplosionoftheDoggeries，before，duringandafterthatevent！Voltairehadtriedtobeprudent，too。HehadbeencorrespondingwithPopes，withCardinals；and，inafinefrank—lookingway，capturingtheirsuffrages:——notbylying，whichingeneralhewishestoavoid，butbyspeakinghalfthetruth；
inshort，byadvancing，inadexterous，diplomaticway，theunclovenfoot，inthoseVaticanprecincts。AndhadgottheHolyFather’sownsuffrageforMAHOMET（thinkofthat，youAssofMirepoix！），amongothercasesthatmightrise。WhenthisseatamongtheFortyfellvacant，hisveryfirstmeasure——markit，Orthodoxreader——wasaLettertotheChiefJesuit，FatherLatour，Headofone’soldCollegeofLouisleGrand。ALetteroffinefilialtenor:
’MyexcellentoldSchoolmasters，towhomIoweeverything；
therepresentativesoflearning，ofdecorum，offrugalityandmodesthumanvirtue:——inwhatcontrasttotheobscureDoggeriespoachingaboutinthestreet—gutters，andflyingatthepeaceablepassenger！’[InVoltairiana，ouElogesAmphigouriques，&c。（Paris，1748），i。150—160，theLETTERitself，\"Paris，7thFebruary，1746；\"omitted（withoutneedorrealcauseonanyside）inthecommonCollectionsofOEuvresdeVoltaire。]WhichcaptivatedFatherLatour；andmadematterssmoothonthatside；sothateventheANCIENDEMIREPOIX
saidnothing，thistime:Whatcouldhesay？Noclovenfootvisible，andtheAuthoritiesstrong。
\"VoltairehadstartedasCandidatewiththesejudiciouspreliminaries。Voltairewaselected，aswesaw；fineDiscourse，9thMay；andontheOfficialsideallthingscomfortable。But，inthemeanwhile，theDoggeries，asnatural，seeingthethingnowlikely，hadrisentoanever—imaginedpitch；andhadfilledParis，and，toVoltaire’sexcruciatedsense，theUniverse，withtheirhowlingsandtheirhyena—laughter，withtheirpasquils，satires，oldandnew。SothatVoltairecouldnotstandit；and，inevilhour，rusheddownstairsuponthem；seizedonepoordog，Travenol，unknowntohimasFiddlerorotherwise；pinionedDogTravenol，withpincers，bytheears，himforone；——properPolice—pincers，forwearenowwellatCourt；——andhadamomentaryjoy！And，alas，thiswasnottherightdog；this，wesay，wasTravenolaFiddlerattheOpera，who，exceptthestreet—noises，knewnothingofVoltaire；
muchlesshadtheleastpiqueathim；buthadtakentohawkingcertainPasquils（JinglerRoi’sCOLLECTION，itappears），toturnadesirablepennybythem。
\"AndmistakesweremadeintheAffairTravenol，——oldFATHER
Travenolhaledtoprison，insteadofSon，——bytheLieutenantofPoliceandhispeople。AndVoltairetookthehigh—handmethod（beingwellatCourt）:——andthereuponhungryAdvocatestookupDogTravenolandhispinceredears:’SereneJudgesoftheChatelet，MostChristianPopulaceofParis，didyoueverseeaDogsopinceredbyanAcademicalGentlemanbefore，merelyforbeinghungry？’AndVoltaire，gettingmadderandmadder，appealedtotheAcademy（whichwouldnotinterfere）；filedCriminalInformations；
appealedtotheChatelet，totheCourtsaboveandtotheCourtsbelow；and，foralmostayear，therewentonthe’PROCES—TRAVENOL:’
[AboutMayday，1746，SeizureofTravenol；PleadingsareinvigorAugust，1746；notdoneApril，1747。InVoltairiana，ii。141—206，Pleadings，&c。，copiouslygiven；andmostoftheoriginalLibels，indifferentpartsofthatsadBook（compiledbyTravenol’sAdvocate，averysadfellowhimself）:seealsoOEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxiii。355n。，385n。；
IB。i。97；BARBIER，ii。487。Allinaveryjumbled，dateless，vagueandincorrectcondition。]OlympianJoveindistressedcircumstancesVERSUSahungryDogwhohadeatendirtypuddings。Paris，inallitsSaloonsandLiteraryCoffee—houses（figuretheANTREDEPROCOPE，onPublicationnights！），had，monthlyorso，theexquisitemalignbanquet；andgrinnedovertheLawPleadings:whatMagazineSerialofourdaycanbesointerestingtotheemptiestmind！
\"Lasted，Ifind，foraboveayear。FromSpring，1746，tilltowardsAutumn，1747:Voltaire’sfeelingsbeing——Haha，soexquisite，allthewhile！——Well，reader，Icanjudgehowamusingitwastohighandlow。AndyetPhoebusApollogoingaboutasmereCowherdofAdmetus，andexposedtoamusethepopulacebyhisduelswithdogsthathavebittenhim？ItiscertainVoltairewasafool，nottobemorecautiousofgettingintogutter—quarrels；nottohaveathickerskin，infact。\"
PROCES—TRAVENOLescortingone’sTriumphalEntry；whatanadjunct！
Alwaysso:alwaysinyourutmostradianceofsunshineashadow；
andinyoursoftestoutburstofLydianorSpheralsymphoniessomethingofeatingCare！Thentoo，intheCourt—circleitself，\"isTrajanpleased，\"orareallthingswell？Readershaveheardofthat\"TRAJANEST—ILCONTENT？\"ItoccurredWinter，1745（27thNovember，1745，adateworthmarking），whilethingswerestillintheflushofearlyhope。Thatevening，ourTEMPLEDELAGLOIRE（TempleofGlory）hadjustbeenactedforthefirsttime，inhonorofhimwemaycall\"Trajan，\"returningfroma\"FontenoyandSevenCitiescaptured:\"[Sevenofthem；oreveneightofakind:Tournay，Ghent，Bruges，Nieuport，Dendermond，Ath，Ostend；andnothinglostbutCapeBretonandone’sCodfishery。]——
\"Reviens，divinTrajan，vainqueurdouxetterrible；
Lemondeestmonrival，touslescoeurssontatoi；
Maisest—iluncoeurplussensible，Etquit’adoreplusquemoi？\"
[TEMPLEDELAGLOIRE，Acteiv。（OEuvres，
xii。328）。]
\"Return，divineTrajan，conquerorsweetandterrible；
Theworldismyrival，allheartsarethine；
Butisthereaheartmoreloving，OrthatadorestheemorethanI？\"
AnallegoricDramaticPiece；naturallyveryadmirableatVersailles。IssuingradiantfromFalloftheCurtain，VoltairehadthefartherhonortoseehisMajestypassout；MajestyescortedbyRichelieu，one’soldfriendinasense:\"IsTrajanpleased？\"
whisperedVoltairetohisRichelieu；overheardbyTrajan，——whoansweredinwordsnothing，butinavisibleglanceoftheeyesdidanswer，\"ImpertinentLackey！\"——Trajanbeingamanunreadywithspeech；anddislikingtroublewiththepeoplewhomhepaidforkeepinghisbootsinpolish。OmywingedVoltaire，towhatdunghillBubbly—Jocks（COQSD’INDE）youdostoopwithhomage，constrainedbytheirappearanceofmeresize！——
EvidentlynoperfectfootingatCourt，afterall。AndthenthePompadour，couldshe，Head—ButterflyoftheUniverse，beananchorthatwouldhold，ifgalesrose？Rathersheisherselfsomewhatofagale，ofacontinualliabilitytogales；unstableasthewind！
Voltairedidhisbesttobeuseful，asCourtPoet，asdirectorofPrivateTheatricals；——aboveall，tosoothe，toflatterPompadour；
andneverneglectedthisevidentduty。But，bydegrees，theenviousLackey—peoplemadecabals；turnedtheDivineButterflyintocomparativeindifferenceforVoltaire；intopreferenceofaCrebillon’spoorfadedPieces:\"Suitablerthese，Madame，forthePrivateTheatricalsofaMostChristianMajesty。\"Thinkwhatastab；cruelerthandaggersthroughone’sheart:\"Crebillon？\"
M。deVoltairesaidnothing；lookednothing，inthosesacredcircles；andneverceasedoutwardlyhisworship，andassiduoustuning，ofthePompadour:buthefelt——asonlyPhoebusApollointhelikecasecan！\"Away！\"growledhetohimself，whenthisatrocityhadculminated。And，ineffect，is，sincetheendof1746
orso，prettymuchwithdrawnfromtheVersaillesOlympus；andhasset，privatelyinthedistance（nowatCirey，nowatParis，inourPETITPALAISthere），withhiswholewillandfire，todoCrebillon’sdeadDramasintolivingouesofhisown。DeadCATILINA
ofCrebillonintoROMESAUVEEofVoltaire，andtheothersamplesofdeadintoliving，——thatstupidoldCrebillonhimselfandthewholeUniversemayjudge，andevenPompadourfeelaremorse！——Readersshallfancythesethings；andthattheworldiscomingbacktoitsoldpoordrabcolorwithM。deVoltaire；hisdivineEmilieandherubbingalongontheoldconfusedterms。Oneface—to—facepeepofthemreadersshallnowhave；andthatistobeenough，ormorethanenough:——
VOLTAIREANDTHEDIVINEEMILIEAPPEARSUDDENLY，ONENIGHT，ATSCEAUX。
AboutthemiddleofAugust，1747，KingFriedrich，Ifind，wasathome；——notinhisnewSANS—SOUCIbyanymeans，butrunningtoandfro；busywithhisMusterings，\"grandreview，andmimicattackonBornstadt，nearBerlin；\"INVALIDEN—HAUS（MilitaryHospital）gettingbuilt；SilesianReviewsjustahead；and，forthepresent，muchfestivityandmovingabout，toCharlottenburg，toBerlinandthedifferentPalaces；Wilhelmina，\"August15th，\"havingcometoseehim；ofwhichfinevisit，especiallyofWilhelmina’sthoughtsonit，——whyhavetheenviousFatesleftusnothing！
WhileallthisisastirinBerlinandneighborhood，thereis，amongtheinnumerableothervisitsinthisworld，onegoingonnearParis，intheMansionorPalaceofSceaux，whichhasbychancebecomememorable。AvisitbyVoltaireandhisdivineEmilie，directfromParis，Isuppose，andratheronthesudden。WhichhashadthelucktohaveaLETTERwrittenonit，byoneofthoserarecreatures，aseeingWitness，whocanmakeothersseeandbelieve。
TheseeingWitnessislittleMadamedeStaal（bynomeansNecker’sDaughter，butamuchcleverer），knownasoneofthesharpestfemaleheads；shefromthespotreportsittoMadameduDeffand，whoalsoisknowntoreaders。Thereissuchaglimpseaffordedhereintotheactualityofoldthingsandremarkablehumancreatures，thatFriedrichhimselfwouldbehappytoreadtheLetter。
DuchesseduMaine，LadyofSceaux，isasublimeoldpersonage，withwhomandwithwhosehighwaysandmagnificenthospitalitiesatSceaux，atAnetandelsewhere，Voltairehadbeenfamiliarforlongyearspast。[InOEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxiii。
434n，x。8，&c。，\"Clog。\"andothersrepresentTHISVisitashavingbeentoAnet，——thoughtherecordotherwiseisexpress。]
ThisDuchess，grand—daughterofthegreatConde，nowadowagerfortenyears，andherselfturnedofseventy，hasbeenanotablefigureinFrenchHistorythisgreatwhile:alivingfragmentofLouisleGrand，asitwere。WasweddedtoLouis’s\"Legitimated\"
Illegitimate，theDucduMaine；wasintroublewiththeRegentd’OrleansaboutAlberoni—Cellamareconspiracies（1718），Regenthavingstriptherlmsbandofhishighlegitimaturesanddignities，withlittleceremony；whichledhertoconspireagooddeal，atonetime。[DUCDUMAINEwithCOMTEDETOULOUSEwereproductsofLouisXIV。andMadamedeMontespan:——\"legitimated\"byPapa’sfiatin1673，whilestillonlyyoungchildren；DISlegitimatedagainbyRegentd’Orleans，autumn，1718；grandscene，\"guardsdrawnout\"andthelike，onthisoccasion（BARBIER，i。8—11，ii。181）；futileConspiracieswithAlberonithereupon；arrestofDuchessandDuke（29thDecember，1718），andclosureofthatpoorbusiness。DucduMainedied1736；Toulousenextyear；ages，eachaboutsixty—five。
\"DucdePenthievre，\"Egalite’sfather—in—law，wasToulouse’sson；
MainehasleftafamousDowager，whomwesee。Nothingmoreofnotableabouttheoneortheother。]Shewasneververybeautiful；
buthadaworldofgraceandwittyintelligence；andknewaVoltairewhenshesawhim。Wasthesoulofcourtesyandbenignity，thoughproudenough，andcarryingherheadatitsdueheight；
andwasalwaysverycharming，inherloftygraciousway，tomankind。Interestingtoall，wereitonlyasalivingfragmentoftheGrandEpoch，——kindofFrenchFulnessofTime，whentheworldwasatlengthblessedwithaLouisQuatorze，andNe—plus—ultraofaGentlemandeterminedtodothehandsomethinginthisworld。Sheismuchfrequentedbyhighpeople，especiallyifofaLiteraryorHistoricalturn。PresidentHenault（oftheABREGECHRONOLOGIQUE，thewell—frilled，accuratelypowdered，mostcorrectoldlegalgentleman）isoneofheradherents；Voltaireisanother，thatmaystandformany:thereisanoldMarquisdeSt。Aulaire，whomshecalls\"MONVIEUXBERGER（myoldshepherd，\"thatistosay，sweetheartorflameoflove）；[BARBIER，ii。87；seeib。（i。8—11；
ii。181，436；&c。）formanynoticesofheraffairsandher。]thereisamostlearnedPresidentdeMesmes，andotherswehaveheardof，butdonotwishtoknow。LittleDeStaalwasatonetimethisfineDuchess’smaid；buthasfaroutgrownallthat，afavoriteguestoftheDuchess’sinstead；holdsnowmainlybyMadameduDeffand（notyetfallenblind），——andiswellturnedoffifty，andknownforoneoftheshrewdestlittlesoulsintheworld，atthetimeshewrites。
HerLetterisaddressed\"TOMADAMEDUDEFFAND，atParis；\"mostfree—flowingfemaleLetter；ofmanypages，runson，dayafterday，forafortnightorso；——onlyExcerptsofitintroduciblehere:——
\"SCEAUX，TUESDAY，15thAUGUST，1747……MadameduChateletandVoltaire，whohadannouncedthemselvesasforto—day，andwhomnobodyhadheardofotherwise，madetheirappearanceyesternight，nearmidnight；liketwoSpectres，withanodorofembalmmentaboutthem，asifjustoutoftheirtombs。Wewererisingfromtable；
theSpectres，however，werehungryones:theyneededsupper；
andwhatismore，beds，whichwerenotready。TheHousekeeper（CONCIERGE），whohadgonetobed，roseingreathaste。
Gaya[amiablegentleman，conceivable，notknown]，whohadofferedhisapartmentforpressingcases，wasobligedtoyielditinthisemergency:heflittedwithasmuchprecipitationanddispleasureasanarmysurprisedinitscamp；leavingapartofhisbaggageintheenemy’shands。Voltairethoughtthelodgingexcellent，butthatdidnotatallconsoleGaya。
\"AstotheLady，herbedturnsoutnottohavebeenwellmade；
theyhavehadtoputherinanewplaceto—day。Observe，shemadethatbedherself，noservantsbeingup，andhadfoundablemishorDEFAUTof\"——wordwanting:whoknowswhat？——\"inthemattresses；
whichIbelievehurtherexactmind，morethanhernotverydelicatebody。Shehasgot，intheinterim，anapartmentpromisedtosomebodyelse；andshewillhavetoleaveitagainonFridayorSaturday，andgointothatofMarechaldeMaillebois，wholeavesatthattime。\"
——Yes；Mailleboisinthebody，Oreader。Thisishe，withtheoldape—facerenewedbypaint，whomweoncesawmarchingwithan\"ArmyofRedemption，\"hagglinginthePassesaboutEger，unabletoredeemBelleisle；marchingandhaggling，morelately，witha\"Middle—RhineArmy，\"andthelikenon—effect；sincewhich，fightinghisbestinItaly，——pushedhomelastwinter，withBrowne’sbayonetsinhisback；BelleislesucceedinghimindealingwithBrowne。
Belleisle，andthe\"RevoltofGenoa\"（fataltoBrowne’sInvasionofus），andtheDefenceofGenoaandthemutualworryingsthereabout，aregoingonatagreatrate，——andthereisterriblenewsoutofthoseSavoyPasses，whileMailleboisishere。Concerningwhichbyandby。HeisgrandsonoftherenownedColbert，thisMaillebois。
AField—Marshalevidentlyextant，youperceive，inthosevanishedtimes:istomakeroomforMadameonFriday，saysourlittleDeStaal；andtakeleaveofus，——ifforgood，somuchthebetter！
\"Hecameatthetimewedid，withhisdaughterandgrand—daughter:
theoneispretty，theotheruglyanddreary[l’UNE，L’AUTRE；
nosayingwhich，insuchimportantcase！MadamelaMarechale，themotherandgrandmother，Ithinkmustbedead。Notbeautifulshe，norverybenignant，\"UNETRES—MECHANTEFEMME，verycat—wittedwoman，\"saysBarbier；\"shriekedlikeadevil，atCourt，upontheCardinal，\"aboutthatoldARMY—OF—REDEMPTIONbusiness；butallhernoisedidnothing]。[Barbier，ii，332（\"November，1742\"）。]——
M。leMarechalhashuntedherewithhisdogs，inthesefineautumnwoodsandglades；chasedabitofastag，andcaughtapoordoe’sfawn:thatwasallthatcouldbegotthere。
\"OurnewGuestswillmakebettersport:theyaregoingtohavetheirComedyactedagain[ComedyofTHEEXCHANGE，muchanentertainmentwiththem]:Vanture[conceivable，notknown]istodotheCountdeBoursoufle（DEBLISTERorDEWINDBAG）；youwillnotsaythisisahit，anymorethanMadameduChatelet’sdoingtheHon。MissPiggery（LACOCHONNIERE），whooughttobefatandshort。\"
[L’ECHANGE，TheExchange，orWHENSHALLIGETNARRIED？Farceinthreeacts:OEuvres，x。167—222；usedtobeplayedatCireyandelsewhere（seeplentyofdetailsuponit，exactornotquiteso，IB。7—9）。]——LittleDeStaalthenabruptlybreaksoff，toaskaboutherCorrespondent’shealth，andherCorrespondent’sfriendoldPresidentHenault’shealth；touchesonthose\"grumblingsanddiscordsintheArmy（TRACASSERIESDEL’ARMEE），\"whicharemakingsuchastir；howM。d’Argenson，ourfineWar—Minister，manoftalentamidblockheads，willmanagethem；andsuddenlyexclaims:
\"Omyqueen，whatcuriousanimalsmenandwomenare！Ilaughattheirmanoeuvres，thedayswhenIhavesleptwell；ifIhavemissedsleep，Icouldkillthem。ThesechangesoftemperprovethatIdonotbreakoffkind。Letusmockotherpeople，andletotherpeoplemockus；itiswelldoneonbothsides。——[PoorlittleDeStaal:
towhataposturehavethingscomewithyou，inthatfast—rottingEpoch，ofHypocrisiesbecomingallinsolvent！]
\"WEDNESDAY，16th。OurGhostsdonotshowthemselvesbydaylight。
Theyappearedyesterdayattenintheevening；Idonotthinkweshallseethemsoonerto—day:theoneisengagedinwritinghighfeats[SIECLEDELOUISXV。，orwhatatlastbecamesuch]；theotherincommentingNewton。Theywillneitherplaynorwalk:theyare，infact，equivalenttoZEROSinasocietywheretheirlearnedwritingsareofnosignificance。——[Pauses，withoutnoticegiven:forsomehours，perhapsdays；thenresuming:]Nay，worsestill:
theirapparitionto—nighthasproducedavehementdeclamationononeofourlittlesocialdiversionshere，thegameofCAVAGNOLE:
[\"KindofBIRIBI，\"itwouldappear；intheheightoffashionthen。]
itwascontinuedandmaintained，\"onthepartofMadameduChatelet，youguess，\"inatonewhichisaltogetherunheardofinthisplace；andwasendured，\"onthepartofSereneHighness，\"withamoderationnotlesssurprising。Butwhatisunendurableismybabble\"——Andherewithournimblelittlewomanhopsoffagainintothegeneralfieldofthings；andgossipslargely，Howareyou，myqueen，Whitherareyougoing，Whitherwe；ThattheMailleboispeopleareaway，andalsotheVilleneuves，ifanybodyknewthemnow；thenhowtheEstillacs，tothenumberoffour，arecomingto—morrow；andCousinSoquence，forallhishunting，cancatchnothing；anditisacontinualcomingandgoing；andhowBoursoufleistobeplayed，andaDameDufourisjustcome，whowilldoacharacter。Rubrics，vanishedShadows，nearlyallthosehighDamesandGentlemen；LAPAUVRESaint—Pierre，\"eatenwithgout，\"whoisshe？\"Stilldragsherselfabout，aswellasshecan；butnotwithme，forInevergobyland，andsheseemstohavethehydrophobia，whenItaketothewater。[Threadofdateisgone！IalmostthinkwemusthavegottoSaturdaybythistime:——orperhapsitisonlyThursday，andMailleboisoffprematurely，tobeoutofthewayoftheFarce？LittleDeStaaltakesnonotice；butcontinuesgossipingrapidly:]
\"YesterdayMadameduChateletgotintoherthirdlodging:shecouldnotanylongerenduretheoneshehadchosen。Therewasnoiseinit，smokewithoutfire:——privatelymeseems，alittletheemblemofherself！Astonoise，itwasnotbynightthatitincommodedher，shetoldme，butbyday，whenshewasinthethickofherwork:
itderangesherideas。SheisbusyreviewingherPRINCIPLES\"——
NEWTON’SPRINCIPIA，nodoubt，butDeStaalwillunderstanditonlyasPRINCIPES，Principlesingeneral:——\"itisanexercisesherepeatseveryyear，withoutwhichthePrinciplesmightgetaway，andperhapsgosofarshewouldneverfindthemagain[Yousatiricallittlegypsy！]。Herhead，likeenough，isakindoflock—upforthem，ratherthanabirthplace，ornaturalhome:
andthatisacaseforwatchingcarefullylesttheygetaway。
Sheprefersthehighairofthisoccupationtoeverykindofamusement，andpersistsinnotshowingherselftillafterdark。
Voltairehasproducedsomegallantverses[unknowntoEditors]
whichhelpoffalittlethebadeffectofsuchunusualbehavior。
\"SUNDAY，27th。ItoldyouonThursday[no，youdidn’t；youonlymeanttotell]thatourSpectresweregoingonthemorrow，andthatthePiecewastobeplayedthatevening:allthishasbeendone。
IcannotgiveyoumuchofBoursoufle[donebyoneVanture]。
MademoisellePiggery[DELACOCHONNIERE，MadameduChateletherself]executedsoperfectlytheextravaganceofherpart，thatI
ownitgavemerealpleasure。ButVantureonlyputhisownfatuityintothecharacterofBoursoufle，whichwantedmore:heplayednaturallyinaPiecewhereallrequirestobeforced，likethesubjectofit。\"——WhatapitynoneofushasreadthisfineFarce！
\"OneParisdidthepartofMUSCADIN（LittleCoxcomb），whichnamerepresentshischaracter:inshort，itcanbesaidtheFarcewaswellgiven。TheAuthorennobleditbyaProloguefortheOccasion；
whichheactedverywell，alongwithMadameDufourasBARBE
（GovernessBarbara），——who，butforthisbrilliantaction，couldnothaveputupwithmerelybeingGovernesstoPiggery。And，infact，shedisdainedthesimplicityofdresswhichherpartrequired；——asdidthechiefactress，\"DuChateletherself（agenowforty—one）；
\"who，inplayingPIGGERY，preferredtheinterestsofherownfacetothoseofthePiece，andmadeherentryinallthesplendorandelegantequipmentsofaCourtLady，\"——her\"PRINCIPLES，\"thoughthekeyisturneduponthem，notunlikejumpingoutofwindow，onewouldsay！\"Shehadacrowtopluck[MAILLEAPARTIR，\"clasptoopen，\"whichisbetter]withVoltaireonthispoint:butsheissovereign，andheisslave。Iamverysorryattheirgoing，thoughIwaswornoutwithdoinghermultifariouserrandsallthetimeshewashere。
\"WEDNESDAY，30th。M。lePresident[Henault]hasbeenaskedhither；
andheistobringyou，myQueen！TriedallIcouldtohinder；
buttheywouldnotbeputoff。Ifyourhealthanddispositiondosuit，itwillbecharming。Inanycase，Ihavegotyouagoodapartment:itistheonethatMadameduChatelethadseizedupon，afteranexactreviewofalltheMansion。Therewillbealittlelessfurniturethanshehadputinit；Madamehadpillagedallherpreviousapartmentstoequipthisone。Wefoundaboutseventablesinit，foroneitem:sheneedsthemofallsizes；immense，tospreadoutherpapersupon；solid，tosupportherNECESSAIRE；
slighter，forhernicknacks（POMPONS），forherjewels。AndthisfinearrangementdidnotsaveherfromanaccidentlikethatofPhilipII。，when，afterspendingallthenightinwriting，hegothisdespatchesdrownedbytheoversettingofanink—bottle。
TheLadydidnotpretendtoimitatethemoderationofthatPrince；
atanyrate，hewasonlywritingonaffairsofstate；andthethingtheyblotted，onthisoccasion，wasAlgebra，muchmoredifficulttocleanupagain。
\"Thissubjectoughttobeexhausted:onewordmore，andthenitdoesend。Thedayaftertheirdeparture，IreceiveaLetteroffourpages，andaNoteenclosed，whichannouncesdreadfulburly—burly:
M。deVoltairehasmislaidhisFarce，forgottentogetbacktheparts，andlosthisPrologue:Iamtofindallthatagain[excessivelytremulousabouthisManuscripts，M。deVoltaire；
ofsuchvaluearethey，ofsuchdangertohim；thereisLAPUCELLE，forexample，——enoughtohangaman，wereitsurreptitiouslylaunchedforthinprint！]——IamtosendhimthePrologueinstantly，notbypost，becausetheywouldcopyit；tokeepthepartsforfearofthesameaccident，andtolockupthePiece’underahundredkeys。’Ishouldhavethoughtonepadlocksufficientforthistreasure！Ihavedulyexecutedhisorders。\"[MadamedeGraffigny（Paris，1820），pp。283—291。]
AndherewithEXPLICITDESTAAL。Scenecloses:EXEUNTOMNES；areofftoParisorVersaillesagain；toLunevilleandtheCourtofStanislausagain，——wherealsoadventuresawaitthem，whichwillbeheardof！
\"Figuretoyourself，\"sayssomeotherEye—witness，\"aleanLady，withbigarmsandlonglegs；smallhead，andcountenancelosingitselfinaclouderyofhead—dress；cockednose[RETROUSSE，sayyou？Veryslightly，then；quiteanunobjectionablenose！]andpairofsmallgreenisheyes；complexiontawny，andmouthtoobig:
thiswasthedivineEmilie，whomVoltairecelebratestothestars。
Loadedtoextravagancewithribbons，laces，face—patches，jewelsandfemaleornaments；determinedtobesumptuousinspiteofEconomics，andprettyinspiteofNature:\"Pooh，itisanenemy’shandthatpaints！\"Andthenbyherside，\"continueshe，\"thethinlongfigureofVoltaire，thatAnatomyofanApollo，affectingworshipofher，\"[FromRodenbeck（quotingsomebody，whomIhavesurelyseeninFrench；whomRodenbecktriestoname，ashecouldhavedone，butcuriouslywithoutsuccess），i。179。]——yes，thatthinlongGentleman，withhighred—heeledshoes，andthedaintiestpoliteattitudesandpaces；insuperfinecoat，lacedhatunderarm；
noseandunder—lipevermorelikecoalescing（owingtodecayofteeth），buttwoeyesshiningonyoulikecarbuncles；andintheringingvoice，suchtouchesofspeechwhenyouapplyforit！
ThustheyatSceauxandelsewhere；walkingtheirLife—minuet，makingtheirentrancesandexits。
Onethingislamentable:therelationwithMadameisnotnowaflourishingone，orcapableagainofbeing:\"Doesnotlovemeashedid，thewretch！\"thinksMadamealways；——yetsticksbyhim，wereitbutintheformofblister。TheyhadbeentoLuneville，Spring，1747；happydullplace，withinreachofCirey；farfromVersaillesanditscabals。Theywentagain，1748，inakindofpermanentway；
TitularStanislaus，anopulentdawdlingcreature，muchlikingtohavethem；andFatherMenou，hisJesuit，——whoisalwaysinquarrelwiththeTitularMistress，——thinkingtodisplaceHER（asyou，graduallydiscover），andpromotetheDuChatelettothatimproperdignity！Inwhichhehadnottheleastsuccess，saysVoltaire；
butgot\"twowomenonhisearsinsteadofone。\"ItwasnottobeStanislaus’smistress；noraTITULARoneatall，butareal，thatMadamewasfatedinthisdullhappyplace！Idlereadersknowthestoryonlytoowell；——concerningwhich，admitthisotherFractionandnomore:——
\"Stanislaus，asaTitularKing，cannotdowithoutsomekindofTitularArmy，——wereitonlytoblareaboutasLife—guard，andbeatkettle—drumsonoccasion。Acertaintallhigh—sniffingM。deSt。
Lambert，ayoungLorraineroflongpedigreeandlightpurse，hadjusttakenrefugeinthisLife—guard[Summer1748，orso]，IknownotwhetherasCaptainorLieutenant，justcomefromtheNetherlandsWars:ofgravestiffmanners；fortherest，agood—
lookingyoungfellow；thoughttohavesomepoeticgenius，even；——
whoisprecious，surely，insuchanout—of—the—wayplace。
WelcometoVoltaire，toMadamestillmore。Alas，readersknowtheHistory，——onwhichwemustnotdwell。Madame，abrowngeometricLady，agenowforty—two，withaGreatManwhohasscandalouslyceasedtoloveher，castshereyeuponSt。Lambert:’Yes，youwouldbetheshoeing—horn，Monsieur，ifonehadtime，youfinefloridfellow，hardlyyetintoyourthirties——’Andtrieshimwithalittlecoquetry；Ialwaysthink，perhapsinthisviewchiefly？
Andthen，atanyrate，asheresponded，thethingitselfbecamesointeresting:’OurUlysses—bow，wecanstillbendit，then，aha！
’Andisnotthataprettystagwithal，worthbringingdown；
florid，justenteringhisthirties，andwiththesusceptibilitiesofgenius！Voltairewasnotblind，couldhehavehelpedit，——hadhebeentremulouslyalivetohelpit。’YourVersestoher，mySt。
Lambert，——ah，Tibullusneverdidthelikeofthem。Yes，toyouaretheroses，myfineyoungfriend，tomearethethorns:’thussingsVoltaireinresponse；[OEuvres，xvii。223
（EPITREAM。DEST。LAMBERT，1749）；&c。&c。InMemoiressurVoltaireparLongchampetWagniere（Paris，1826），ii。229etseq。，detailsenoughandmore。]perhapsnotthinkingitwouldgosofar。Anditwent，——alas，itwenttoalllengths，mentionableandnotmentionable:andM。leMarquishadtobecoaxedhomeintheSpringof1749，——stillearlierithadbeensuitabler；——
andinSeptemberensuing，M。deSt。Lambertlookinghisdemurest，thereisanimportantlying—intobetransacted！Newton’sPRINCIPIA
is，bythattime，drawingdiligentlytoitsclose；——complicatedbysuchfarabstruserProblems，notofthegeometricsort！Poorlittleleanbrownwoman，whataLife，afterall；whatanEndofaLife！\"——
WAR—PASSAGESIN1747。
TheWar，sinceFriedrichgotoutofit，doesnotabateinanimosity，norwantforbloodshed，battleandsieging；butofferslittlenowmemorable。March18th，1747，aghastlyPhantasmofaCongress，\"CongressofBreda，\"whichhadforsomemonthsbeenattemptingPeace，andwasneverabletogetintoconference，orsitinitschairsexceptformoments，flewawayaltogether；
[InSeptember，1746，hadgottogether；butwouldnottakelife，ontryingandagaintrying，andfellforgotten:February，1747，againgleamsupintohope:March18thandthefollowingdays，vanishesforgood（ADELUNG，v。50；vi。6，62）。]andlefttheWarperhapsangrierthanever，morehopelesslystupidthanever。
Except，indeed，thatresourcesarefailing；moneyrunninglowinFrance，Parlementsbeginningtomurmur，andamongthePopulationgenerallyafeelingthatgloryisexcellent，butwillnotmakethenationalpotboil。PerhapsallthiswillbemoreeffectivethanCongressesofBreda？HerearethefewNotesworthgiving:
APRIL23d—30th，1747，THEFRENCHINVADEHOLLAND；WHEREUPON，SUDDENLY，ASTADTHOLDERTHERE。\"AfterFontenoytherehasbeenmuchsiegingandcapturinginthatNetherlandsCountry，aseriesofsuccessesgloriouslydelightfultoMarechaldeSaxeandtheFrenchNation:likewise（inbarofsaidsieging，infutileattempttobarit）aBattleofRoucoux，October，1746；withvictory，orquasi—
victory，toSaxe，atleastwithprostrationtotheoppositepart。
Andfartheron，thereisaBattleofLauffeldcoming，2dJuly，1747；withsimilarresults；frustrationevident，retreatevident，victorynotmuchtospeakof。AndinthisgloriouslydelightfulmannerSaxeandtheFrenchNationhaveproceeded，tillinfacttheNetherlandsTerritorywithallstrongholds，exceptMaestrichtalone，wastheirs，——andtheydecidedonattackingtheDutchRepublicitself。And（17thApril，1747）actuallybrokeinuponthefrontierFortressesofZealand；foundthesamedry—rotteneverywhere；andtookthem，FortressafterFortress，attherateofacannonsalvoeach:’YemagnanimousDutch，seewhatyouhavegotbynotsittingstill，asrecommended！’TothehorrorandterrorofthepoorZealandersandgeneralDutchPopulation。WhoshriekedtoEnglandforhelp；——andwere，ontheveryinstant，furnishedwithamodicumofSeventy—fours（DutchCourierreturningbythesame）；
whichlandedtheCourierApril23d，andputWalchereninastateofsecurity。[Adelung，vi。105，125—134。]
\"WhereupontheDutchPopulationturnedroundonitsGovernors，withagrowlofindignation，spreadingeverwider，waxingeverhigher:
’Scandalouslaggards，isthisyourmodeofgoverningafreeRepublic？FreedomtolettheStategotodry—rot，andbecomethelaughing—stockofmankind。ToprovideforyourownpaltrykindredintheState—employments；topalavergrandlywithallcomers；
andpublishmelodiousDespatchesofVanHoey？HadnotBritannicMajesty，forhisdearDaughter’ssake，cometotherescueinthiscrisis，wherehadwebeen？WedemandaStadtholderagain；ourgloriousNassauOrange，tokeepsomebridleonyou！’Andactually，inthisway，PopulusandPlebs，bygeneralturningoutintothestreets，inagloomilyindignantmanner，whichthreatenstobecomevociferousanddangerous，——cowedtheHeadsoftheRepublicintochoosingthesaidPrince，withPrincessandFamily，asStadtholder，High—Admiral，High—EverythingandSupremeoftheRepublic。
Hereditary，noless，andpunctuallyperpetual；PrincessandFamilytoshareinit。Inwhichhappystate（ripenedintoKingshiplatterly）theycontinuetothisday。AresultpainfullysurprisingtoMostChristianMajesty；gratifyingtoBritannicproportionately，ormore；——andindeedbeneficialtowardsabatingdry—rotandmelodiouspalaverinthatpoorLandoftheFree。Consummated，bypopularoutbreakofvociferation，inthedifferentProvinces，inaboutaweekfromApril23d，whenthosehelpfulSeventy—fourshoveinsight。Stadtholdershiphadbeeninabeyanceforforty—fiveyears。[SinceourDutchWilliam’sdeath，1702。]ThenewStadtholderdidhisbest；couldnot，intheshortlifegrantedhim，donearlyenough。——NextyeartherewasaSECONDDutchoutbreak，orgeneralturningintothestreets；ofmuchmoreviolentcharacter；inregardtoglaringlyunjustExcisesandTaxations，andto’instantdismissalofyourExcise—Farmers，’asthespecialfirstitem。
[Adelung，vi。364etseq。；Raumer，182—193（\"March—September，1748\"）；or，inChesterfield’sWorks，
Dayrolles’sLetterstoChesterfield:somewhatunintelligentandunintelligible，bothRaumerandhe。]Whichsalutaryobjectbeingaccomplished（newStadtholderwellaiding，inavaliantandjudiciousmanner），therehasnothirddoseofthatdangerousremedybeenneededsince。
\"JULY19th，FATEOFCHEVALIERDEBELLEISLE。AttheFortressofExilles，inoneofthosePassesoftheSavoyAlps，——PassofColdiSieta，memorabletotheFrenchSoldiereversince，——thereoccurredalamentablething；\"doubtlessmuchtalkedofatSceauxwhileVoltairewasthere。\"TheRevoltofGenoa（popularoutburst，andexpulsionofourpoorfriendBottaandhisAustrians，thenafamousthing，andararerthannow）havingsuddenlyrecalledthevictoriousGeneralBrownefromhisSiegeofAntibesandInvasionofProvence，——MarechalDucdeBelleisle，wellreinforcedandnowbecome’ArmyofItaly’ingeneral，followedsteadfastlyfor’DefenceofGenoa’againstindignantBotta，BrowneandCompany。
FordefenceofGenoa；nayforattackonTurin，whichwouldhavebeen’defence’inGenoaandeverywhere，——hadthecaptiousSpaniardconsentedtoco—operate。CaptiousSpaniardwouldnot；CourierstoMadrid，toParisthereupon，andmuchtimelost；——till，attheeleventhhour，cameconsentfromParis，’Tryitbyyourself，then！’
Belleisletriesit；atleasthisBrotherdoes。HisBrother，theChevalier，istoforcethatPassofExilles；aterriblefierybusiness，butthebackboneofthewholeadventure:inwhich，iftheChevaliercansucceed，hetooistobeMarechaldeFrance。
Forward，therefore，climbtheAlpinestairsagain；snatchmethatFortofExilles。
\"Andso，July19th，1747，theChevaliercomesinsightofthePlace；scansalittlethefrowningbuttresses，bristlywithguns；
thedumbAlps，torightandleft，lookingdownonhimandit。
ChevalierdeBelleislejudgesthat，howeverdifficult，itcanandmustbepossibletoFrenchvalor；andstormsinuponit，hugeandfurious（20，000，orifneedful30，000）；——butistornintomerewreck，andhideousrecoil；rallies，snatchesastandard，’Wemusttakeitordie，’——anddies，doesnottakeit；fallsshotontherampart，’pullingatthepalisadeswithhisownhands，’naysomesay’withhisteeth，’whenthelastmomentscame。Withinonehour，hehaslost4，000men；andhimselfandhisBrother’sEnterpriselieendedthere。[Voltaire，xxv。221etseq。（SIECLEDELOUISQUINZE，c。22）；Adelung，vi174。]FancyhispoorBrother’sfeelings，whomuchlovedhim！ThediscordsaboutWar—matters（TRACASSERIESDE
L’ARMEE）wereatopicatSceauxlately，asDeStaalintimated。
’WhystarveourItalianEnterprises；heapingeveryresourceupontheNetherlandsandSaxe？’DiligentDefenceofGenoa（chieflybyflourishingofswordsonthepartofFrance，fortheAustrianswerenotyetready）ishenceforthalltheItalianWarthereis；andthisexplosionatExillesmayfitlybefinistoithere。LetusonlysaythatInfantPhilipdid，whenthePeacecame，getabitofApanage（ParmaandPiacenzaorsomesuchthing，contemptiblysmalltotheMaternalheart），andthatallthingselselapsedtotheirpristinestate，MINUSonlythewasteandruintherehadbeen。\"
JULY12th—SEPTEMBER18th:SIEGEOFTHECHIEFDUTCHFORTRESS。
\"UnexpectedSiegeofBergen—op—Zoom；twomonthsofintenseexcitementtotheDutchPatriotsandCause—of—LibertyGazetteers，asindifferentandtotallydeadasithasnowbecome。MarechaldeSaxe，afterhisvictoryatLauffeld，2dJuly，didnotbesiegeMaestricht，ashadbeentheuniversalexpectation；butshotoffanefficientlieutenantofhis，oneLowendahl，indueforce，privatelyready，tooverwhelmBergen—op—ZoomwithsuddenSiege，whilehehimselflaybetweenthebeatenenemyandit。Bergenistheheart，ofHolland，keyoftheScheld，andquiteotherwiseimportantthanMaestricht。’Coehorn’smasterpiece！’exclaimtheGazetteers；
’Impregnable，youmaydepend！’’Weshallsee，’answeredSaxe，answeredLowendahltheDane（whoalsobecameMarechalbythisbusiness）；andafteragreatdealoffuriousassaultingandbattering，tookthePlaceSeptember18th，beforedaylight，\"byakindofsurprisalorquasi—storm；——\"theCommandant，oneCronstrom，abraveoldSwede，agetowardsninety，notbeingofverywakefulnature！’Didaswellascouldbeexpectedofhim，’saidtheCourt—
Martialsittingonhiscase，andforboretoshootthepooroldman。