WARDEPARTMENT，ADJUTANT—GENERAL’SOFFICE
WASHINGTON，March27，1865
Ordered——1。Thatatthehourofnoon，onthe14thdayofApril，1885，BrevetMajor—GeneralAndersonwillraiseandplantupontheruinsofFortSumter，inCharlestonHarbor，thesameUnitedStatesflagwhichfloatedoverthebattlementsofthatfortduringtherebelassault，andwhichwasloweredandsalutedbyhimandthesmallforceofhiscommandwhentheworkswereevacuatedonthe14thdayofApril，1861。
2。Thattheflag，whenraised，besalutedbyonehundredgunsfromFortSumter，andbyanationalsalutefromeveryfortandrebelbatterythatfireduponFortSumter。
3。Thatsuitableceremoniesbehadupontheoccasion，underthedirectionofMajor—GeneralWilliamT。Sherman，whosemilitaryoperationscompelledtherebelstoevacuateCharleston，or，inhisabsence，underthechargeofMajor—GeneralQ。A。Gilmore，commandingthedepartment。AmongtheceremonieswillbethedeliveryofapublicaddressbytheRev。HenryWardBeecher。
4。ThatthenavalforcesatCharleston，andtheircommanderonthatstation，beinvitedtoparticipateintheceremoniesoftheoccasion。
ByorderofthePresidentoftheUnitedStates，EDWINM。STANTON，SecretaryofWar。
[GeneralOrderNo。41。]
HEADQUARTERSDEPARTMENTOFTHESOUTH
HILTONHEAD，SOUTHCAROLINA，April10，1865
Fridaynext，the14thinst。，willbethefourthanniversaryofthecaptureofFortSumterbytherebels。Abefittingcelebrationonthatday，inhonorofitsreoccupationbythenationalforces，hasbeenorderedbythePresident，inpursuanceofwhichBrevetMajor—
GeneralRobertAnderson，UnitedStatesArmy，willrestoretoitsoriginalplaceontheforttheidenticalflagwhich，afteranhonorableandgallantdefense，hewascompelledtolowertotheinsurgentsinSouthCarolina，inApril，1861。
Theceremoniesfortheoccasionwillcommencewithprayer，atthirtyminutespasteleveno’clocka。m。
Atnoonprecisely，theflagwillberaisedandsalutedwithonehundredgunsfromFortSumter，andwithanationalsalutefromFortMoultrieandBatteryBeeonSullivan’sIsland，FortPutnamonMorrisIsland，andFortJohnsononJames’sIsland;itbeingeminentlyappropriatethattheplaceswhichweresoconspicuousintheinaugurationoftherebellionshouldtakeapartnotlessprominentinthisnationalrejoicingovertherestorationofthenationalauthority。
Afterthesalutes，theRev。HenryWardBeecherwilldeliveranaddress。
Theceremonieswillclosewithprayerandabenediction。
ColonelStewartL。Woodford，chiefofstaff，undersuchverbalinstructionsashemayreceive，isherebychargedwiththedetailsofthecelebration，comprisingallthearrangementsthatitmaybenecessarytomakefortheaccommodationoftheoratoroftheday，andthecomfortandsafetyoftheinvitedguestsfromthearmyandnavy，andfromcivillife。
BycommandofMajor—GeneralQ。A。Gillmore，W。L。M。BURGER，AssistantAdjutant—General。
CopyofMajorANDERSON’sDispatch，announcingtheSurrenderofFortSumter，April14，1861。
STEAMSHIPBALTIC，OFFSANDYHOOK
April10，1861，10。30a。m。viaNewYorkHonorableS。Cameron，SecretaryofWar，WashingtonHavingdefendedFortSumterforthirty—fourhours，untilthequarterswereentirelyburned，themaingatesdestroyedbyfire，thegorge—wallsseriouslyinjured，themagazinesurroundedbyflames，anditsdoorclosedfromtheeffectofheat，fourbarrelsandthreecartridgesofpowderonlybeingavailable，andnoprovisionsremainingbutpork，IacceptedtermsofevacuationofferedbyGeneralBeauregard，beingthesameofferedbyhimonthe11thinst。，priortothecommencementofhostilities，andmarchedoutofthefort，Sundayafternoon，the14thinst。，withcolorsflyinganddrumsbeating，bringingawaycompanyandprivateproperty，andsalutingmyflagwithfiftyguns。
ROBERTANDERSON，MajorFirstArtillery，commanding。
CHAPTERXXIV。
ENDOFTHEWAR——FROMGOLDSBORO’TORALEIGHANDWASHINGTON。
APRILANDMAY，1865。
Asbeforedescribed，thearmiescommandedrespectivelybyGeneralsJ。M。Schofield，A。H。Terry，andmyself，effectedajunctioninandaboutGoldsboro’，NorthCarolina，duringthe22dand23dofMarch，1865，butitrequiredafewdaysforallthetroopsandtrainsofwagonstoreachtheirrespectivecamps。InpersonI
reachedGoldsboro’onthe23d，andmetGeneralSchofield，whodescribedfullyhisoperationsinNorthCarolinauptothatdate;
andIalsofoundLieutenantDunn，aide—de—camptoGeneralGrant，withaletterfromhimofMarch16th，givingageneraldescriptionofthestateoffactsaboutCityPoint。ThenextdayIreceivedanotherletter，morefull，datedthe22d，whichIgiveherewith。
Nevertheless，IdeemeditofgreatimportancethatIshouldhaveapersonalinterviewwiththegeneral，anddeterminedtogoinpersontoCityPointassoonastherepairsoftherailroad，theninprogressunderthepersonaldirectionofColonelW。W。Wright，wouldpermit:
HEADQUARTERSOFTHEARMIESOFTHEUNITEDSTATES
CITYPOINT，VIRGINIA，March22，1865
Major—GeneralSHERMAN，CommandingMilitaryDivisionoftheMississippi。
GENERAL:AlthoughtheRichmondpapersdonotcommunicatethefact，yetIsawenoughinthemtosatisfymethatyouoccupiedGoldsboro’
onthe19thinst。IcongratnlateyouandthearmyonwhatmayberegardedasthesuccessfulterminationofthethirdcampaignsinceleavingtheTennesseeRiver，lessthanoneyearago。
SinceSheridan’sverysuccessfulraidnorthoftheJames，theenemyareleftdependentontheSouthsideandDanvilleroadsforalltheirsupplies。TheseIhopetocutnextweek。Sheridanisat°°
WhiteHouse，\"shoeingup\"andrestinghiscavalry。IexpecthimtofinishbyFridaynightandtostartthefollowingmorning，raidLongBridge，Newmarket，BermudaHundred，andtheextremeleftofthearmyaroundPetersburg。Hewillmakenohaltwiththearmiesoperatinghere，butwillbejoinedbyadivisionofcavalry，fivethousandfivehundredstrong，fromtheArmyofthePotomac，andwillproceeddirectlytotheSouthsideandDanvilleroads。HisinstructionswillbetostriketheSouthsideroadasnearPetersburgashecan，anddestroyitsothatitcannotberepairedforthreeorfourdays，andpushontotheDanvilleroad，asneartotheAppomattoxashecanget。ThenIwanthimtodestroytheroadtowardBurkesvilleasfarashecan;thenpushontotheSouthsideroad，westofBurkesville，anddestroyiteffectually。
>FromthatpointIshallprobablyleaveittohisdiscretioneithertoreturntothisarmy，crossingtheDanvilleroadsouthofBurkesville，orgoandjoinyou，passingbetweenDanvilleandGreensboro’。WhenthismovementcommencesIshallmoveoutbymyleft，withalltheforceIcan，holdingpresentintrenchedlines。
Ishallstartwithnodistinctview，furtherthanholdingLee’sforcesfromfollowingSheridan。ButIshallbealongmyself，andwilltakeadvantageofanythingthatturnsup。IfLeedetaches，I
willattack;orifhecomesoutofhislinesIwillendeavortorepulsehim，andfollowituptothebestadvantage。
Itismostdifficulttounderstandwhattherebelsintendtodo;sofarbutfewtroopshavebeendetachedfromLee’sarmy。Muchmachineryhasbeenremoved，andmaterialhasbeensenttoLynchburg，showingsdispositiontogothere。Points，too，havebeenfortifiedontheDanvilleroad。
Lee’sarmyismuchdemoralized，andgreatnumbersaredeserting。
Probably，fromreturnedprisoners，andsuchconscriptsascanbepickedup，hisnumbersmaybekeptup。Iestimatehisforcenowataboutsixty—fivethousandmen。
WilsonstartedonMonday，withtwelvethousandcavalry，fromEastport。Stonemanstartedonthesameday，fromEastTennessee，towardLynchburg。ThomasismovingtheFourthCorpstoBull’sGap。
CanbyismovingwithaformidableforceonMobileandtheinteriorofAlabama。
IorderedGilmore，assoonasthefallofCharlestonwasknown，toholdallimportantpostsonthesea—coast，andtosendtoWilmingtonallsurplusforces。ThomaswasalsodirectedtoforwardtoNewbernalltroopsbelongingtothecorpswithyou。I
understandthiswillgiveyouaboutfivethousandmen，besidesthosebroughteastbyMeagher。
IhavebeentelegraphingGeneralMeigstohastenuplocomotivesandcarsforyou。GeneralMcCallum，heinformsme，isattendingtoit。
IfeartheyarenotgoingforwardasfastasIworldlike。
Letmeknowifyouwantmoretroops，oranythingelse。
Veryrespectfully，yourobedientservant，U。S。GRANT，Lieutenant—General。
TherailroadwasrepairedtoGoldsboro’bytheeveningofMarch25th，when，leavingGeneralSchofieldinchiefcommand，withacoupleofstaff—officersIstartedforCityPoint，Virginia，inalocomotive，incompanywithColonelWright，theconstructingengineer。WereachedNewbernthatevening，whichwaspassedinthecompanyofGeneralPalmerandhisaccomplishedlady，andearlythenextmorningwecontinuedontoMoreheadCity，whereGeneralEastonhadprovidedforusthesmallcapturedsteamerRussia，CaptainSmith。Weputtoseaatonceandsteamedupthecoast，reachingFortressMonroeonthemorningofthe27th，whereIlandedandtelegraphedtomybrother，SenatorSherman，atWashington，invitinghimtocomedownandreturnwithmetoGoldsboro。WeproceededonupJamesRivertoCityPoint，whichwereachedthesameafternoon。
IfoundGeneralGrant，withhisfamilyandstaff，occupyingaprettygroupofhutsonthebankofJamesRiver，overlookingtheharbor，whichwasfullofvesselsofallclasses，bothwarandmerchant，withwharvesandwarehousesonanextensivescale。Thegeneralreceivedmemostheartily，andwetalkedovermattersveryfully。AfterIhadbeenwithhimanhourorso，heremarkedthatthePresident，Mr。Lincoln，wasthenonboardthesteamerRiverQueen，lyingatthewharf，andheproposedthatweshouldcallandseehim。Wewalkeddowntothewharf，wentonboard，andfoundMr。
Lincolnalone，intheafter—cabin。Herememberedmeperfectly，andatonceengagedinamostinterestingconversation。Hewasfullofcuriosityaboutthemanyincidentsofourgreatmarch，whichhadreachedhimofficiallyandthroughthenewspapers，andseemedtoenjoyverymuchthemoreludicrousparts—aboutthe\"bummers，\"andtheirdevicestocollectfoodandforagewhentheoutsideworldsupposedustobestarving;butatthesametimeheexpressedagooddealofanxietylestsomeaccidentmighthappentothearmyinNorthCarolinaduringmyabsence。Iexplainedtohimthatthatarmywassnugandcomfortable，ingoodcamps，atGoldsboro’;thatitwouldrequiresomedaystocollectforageandfoodforanothermarch;andthatGeneralSchofieldwasfullycompetenttocommanditinmyabsence。Havingmadeagood，long，socialvisit，wetookourleaveandreturnedtoGeneralGrant’squarters，whereMrs，Granthadprovidedtea。Whileatthetable，Mrs。GrantinquiredifwehadseenMrs。Lincoln。\"No，\"saidthegeneral，\"Ididnotaskforher;\"andIaddedthatIdidnotevenknowthatshewasonboard。
Mrs。Grantthenexclaimed，\"Well，youareaprettypair！\"andaddedthatourneglectwasunpardonable;whenthegeneralsaidwewouldcallagainthenextday，andmakeamendsfortheunintendedslight。
Earlythenextday，March28th，alltheprincipalofficersofthearmyandnavycalledtoseeme，GeneralsMeade，Ord，Ingalls，etc。，andAdmiralPorter。AtthistimetheRiverQueenwasatanchoroutintheriver，abreastofthewharf，andweagainstartedtovisitMr。andMrs。Lincoln。AdmiralPorteraccompaniedus。Wetookasmall，tugatthewharf，whichconveyedusonboard，wherewewereagainreceivedmostcourteouslybythePresident，whoconductedustotheafter—cabin。Afterthegeneralcompliments，GeneralGrantinquiredafterMrs。Lincoln，whenthePresidentwenttoherstate—
room，returned，andbeggedustoexcuseher，asshewasnotwell。
Wethenagainentereduponageneralconversation，duringwhichGeneralGrantexplainedtothePresidentthatatthatveryinstantoftimeGeneralSheridanwascrossingJamesRiverfromthenorth，byapontoon—bridgebelowCityPoint;thathehadalarge，wellappointedforceofcavalry，withwhichheproposedtostriketheSouthsideandDanvilleRailroads，bywhichaloneGeneralLee，inRichmond，suppliedhisarmy;andthat，inhisjudgment，mattersweredrawingtoacrisis，hisonlyapprehensionbeingthatGeneralLeewouldnotwaitlongenough。IalsoexplainedthatmyarmyatGoldsboro’wasstrongenoughtofightLee’sarmyandJohnston’scombined，providedthatGeneralGrantcouldcomeupwithinadayorso;thatifLeewouldonlyremaininRichmondanotherfortnight，I
couldmarchuptoBurkesville，whenLeewouldhavetostarveinsideofhislines，orcomeoutfromhisintrenchmentsandfightusonequalterms。
BothGeneralGrantandmyselfsupposedthatoneortheotherofuswouldhavetofightonemorebloodybattle，andthatitwouldbethelast。Mr。Lincolnexclaimed，morethanonce，thattherehadbeenbloodenoughshed，andaskedusifanotherbattlecouldnotbeavoided。Irememberwelltohavesaidthatwecouldnotcontrolthatevent;thatthisnecessarilyrestedwithourenemy;andI
inferredthatbothJeff。DavisandGeneralLeewouldbeforcedtofightonemoredesperateandbloodybattle。Irathersupposeditwouldfallonme，somewherenearRaleigh;andGeneralGrantaddedthat，ifLeewouldonlywaitafewmoredays，hewouldhavehisarmysodisposedthatiftheenemyshouldabandonRichmond，andattempttomakejunctionwithGeneralJos。JohnstoninNorthCarolina，he（GeneralGrant）wouldbeonhisheels。Mr。LincolnmorethanonceexpresseduneasinessthatIwasnotwithmyarmyatGoldsboro’，whenIagainassuredhimthatGeneralSchofieldwasfullycompetenttocommandinmyabsence;thatIwasgoingtostartbackthatveryday，andthatAdmiralPorterhadkindlyprovidedformethesteamerBat，whichhesaidwasmuchswifterthanmyownvessel，theRussia。DuringthisinterviewIinquiredofthePresidentifhewasallreadyfortheendofthewar。Whatwastobedonewiththerebelarmieswhendefeated？Andwhatshouldbedonewiththepoliticalleaders，suchasJeff。Davis，etc。？Shouldweallowthemtoescape，etc。？Hesaidhewasallready;allhewantedofuswastodefeattheopposingarmies，andtogetthemencomposingtheConfederatearmiesbacktotheirhomes，atworkontheirfarmsandintheirshops。AstoJeff。Davis，hewashardlyatlibertytospeakhismindfully，butintimatedthatheoughttoclearout，\"escapethecountry，\"onlyitwouldnotdoforhimtosaysoopenly。Asusual，heillustratedhismeaningbyastory:
Amanoncehadtakenthetotal—abstinencepledge。Whenvisitingafriend，hewasinvitedtotakeadrink，butdeclined，onthescoreofhispledge;whenhisfriendsuggestedlemonade，whichwasaccepted。Inpreparingthelemonade，thefriendpointedtothebrandy—bottle，andsaidthelemonadewouldbemorepalatableifheweretopourinalittlebrandy;whenhisguestsaid，ifhecoulddosoIunbeknown’tohim，hewouldnotobject。\"FromwhichillustrationIinferredthatMr。LincolnwantedDavistoescape，\"unbeknown\"tohim。
Imadenonotesofthisconversationatthetime，butAdmiralPorter，whowaspresent，did，andin1866hefurnishedmeanaccountthereof，whichIinsertbelow，buttheadmiraldescribesthefirstvisit，ofthe27th，whereasmymemoryputsAdmiralPorter’spresenceonthefollowingday。Stillhemayberight，andhemayhavebeenwithusthedaybefore，asIwritethischieflyfrommemory。Thereweretwodistinctinterviews;thefirstwaslateintheafternoonofMarch27th，andtheotheraboutnoonofthe28th，bothintheafter—cabinofthesteamerRiverQueen;onbothoccasionsMr。Lincolnwasfullandfrankinhisconversation，assuringmethatinhismindhewasallreadyforthecivilreorganizationofaffairsattheSouthassoonasthewarwasover;
andhedistinctlyauthorizedmetoassureGovernorVanceandthepeopleofNorthCarolinathat，assoonastherebelarmieslaiddowntheirarms，andresumedtheircivilpursuits，theywouldatoncebeguaranteedalltheirrightsascitizensofacommoncountry;andthattoavoidanarchytheStategovernmentstheninexistence，withtheircivilfunctionaries，wouldberecognizedbyhimasthegovernmentdefactotillCongresscouldprovideothers。
Iknow，whenIlefthim，thatIwasmorethaneverimpressedbyhiskindlynature，hisdeepandearnestsympathywiththeafflictionsofthewholepeople，resultingfromthewar，andbythemarchofhostilearmiesthroughtheSouth;andthathisearnestdesireseemedtobetoendthewarspeedily，withoutmorebloodshedordevastation，andtorestoreallthemenofbothsectionstotheirhomes。Inthelanguageofhissecondinauguraladdress，heseemedtohave\"charityforall，malicetowardnone，\"and，aboveall，anabsolutefaithinthecourage，manliness，andintegrityofthearmiesinthefield。Whenatrestorlistening，hislegsandarmsseemedtohangalmostlifeless，andhisfacewascare—wornandhaggard;but，themomenthebegantotalk，hisfacelightenedup，histallform，asitwere，unfolded，andhewastheveryimpersonationofgood—humorandfellowship。ThelastwordsI
recallasaddressedtomewerethathewouldfeelbetterwhenIwasbackatGoldsboro’。WepartedatthegangwayoftheRiverQueen，aboutnoonofMarch28th，andIneversawhimagain。OfallthemenIevermet，heseemedtopossessmoreoftheelementsofgreatness，combinedwithgoodness，thananyother。
ADMIRALPORTER’SACCOUNTOFTHEINTERVIEWWITH
Mr。LINCOLN。
ThedayofGeneralSherman’sarrivalatCityPoint（Ithinkthe27thofMarsh，186G），IaccompaniedhimandGeneralGrantonboardthePresident’sflagship，theQueen，wherethePresidentreceivedusintheuppersaloon，noonebutourselvesbeingpresent。
ThePresidentwasinanexceedinglypleasantmood，anddelightedtomeetGeneralSherman，whomhecordiallygreeted。
ItseemsthatthiswasthefirsttimehehadmetSherman，torememberhim，sincethebeginningofthewar，anddidnotrememberwhenhehadseenhimbefore，untilthegeneralremindedhimofthecircumstancesoftheirfirstmeeting。
ThiswasrathersingularonthepartofMr。Lincoln，whowas，I
think，remarkableforrememberingpeople，havingthatkinglyqualityinaneminentdegree。Indeed，suchwasthepowerofhismemory，thatheseemednevertoforgetthemoatminutecircumstance。
TheconversationsoonturnedontheeventsofSherman’scampaignthroughtheSouth，witheverymovementofwhichthePresidentseemedfamiliar。
HelaughedoversomeofthestoriesShermantoldofhis\"bummers，\"
andtoldothersinreturn，whichillustratedinastrikingmannertheideashewantedtoconvey。Forexample，bewouldoftenexpresshiswishesbytellinganaptstory，whichwasquiteahabitwithhim，andonethatIthinkheadoptedtopreventhiscommittinghimselfseriously。
TheinterviewbetweenthetwogeneralsandthePresidentlastedaboutanhourandahalf，and，asitwasaremarkableone，IjotteddownwhatIrememberedoftheconversation，asIhavemadeapracticeofdoingduringtherebellion，whenanythinginterestingoccurred。
Idon’tregrethavingdoneso，ascircumstancesafterwardoccurred（Stanton’sillconducttowardSherman）whichtendedtocastodiumonGeneralShermanforallowingsuchliberaltermstoJos。
Johnston。
CouldtheconversationthatoccurredonboardtheQueen，betweenthePresidentandGeneralSherman，havebeenknown，Shermanwouldnot，andcouldnot，havebeencensored。Mr。Lincoln，hadhelived，wouldhaveacquittedthegeneralofanyblame，forhewasonlycarryingoutthePresident’swishes。
Myopinionis，thatMr。LincolncamedowntoCityPointwiththemostliberalviewstowardtherebels。Hefeltconfidentthatwewouldbesuccessful，andwaswillingthattheenemyshouldcapitulateonthemostfavorableterms。
Idon’tknowwhatthePresidentwouldhavedonehadhebeenlefttohimself，andhadourarmybeenunsuccessful，buthewasthanwroughtuptoahighstateofexcitement。Hewantedpeaceonalmostanyterms，andthereisnoknowingwhatproposalshemighthavebeenwillingtolistento。Hisheartwastendernessthroughout，and，aslongastherebelslaiddowntheirarms，hedidnotcarehowitwasdone。IdonotknowhowfarhewasinfluencedbyGeneralGrant，butIpresume，fromtheirlongconferences，thattheymoathaveunderstoodeachotherperfectly，andthatthetermsgiventoLeeafterhissurrenderwereauthorizedbyMr。Lincoln。I
knowthatthelatterwasdelightedwhenheheardthattheyhadbeengiven，andexclaimed，adozentimes，\"Good！\"\"Allright！\"
\"Exactlythething！\"andothersimilarexpressions。Indeed，thePresidentmorethanoncetoldmewhathesupposedthetermswouldbe:ifLeeandJohnstonsurrendered，heconsideredthewarended，andthatalltheotherrebelforcesworldlaydowntheirarmsatonce。
Inthisheprovedtoberight。GrantandShermanwerebothofthesameopinion，andsowaseveryoneelsewhoknewanythingaboutthematter。
Whatsignifiedthetermstothem，solongasweobtainedtheactualsurrenderofpeoplewhoonlywantedagoodopportunitytogiveupgracefully？Therebelshadfought\"tothelastditch，\"andallthattheyhadleftthemwasthehopeofbeinghandeddowninhistoryashavingreceivedhonorableterms。
AfterhearingGeneralSherman’saccountofhisownposition，andthatofJohnston，atthattime，thePresidentexpressedfearsthattherebelgeneralwouldescapesouthagainbytherailroads，andthatGeneralShermanworldhavetochasehimanew，overthesameground;butthegeneralpronouncedthistobeimpracticable。Heremarked:\"Ihavehimwherehecannotmovewithoutbreakinguphisarmy，which，oncedisbanded，canneveragainbegottogether;andI
havedestroyedtheSouthernrailroads，sothattheycannotbeusedagainforalongtime。\"GeneralGrantremarked，\"Whatistopreventtheirlayingtherailsagain？\"\"Why，\"saidGeneralSherman，\"mybummersdon’tdothingsbyhalves。Everyrail，afterhavingbeenplacedoverahotfire，hasbeentwistedascrookedasaram’s—horn，andtheynevercanbeusedagain。\"
ThiswastheonlyremarkmadebyGeneralGrantduringtheinterview，ashesatsmokingashortdistancefromthePresident，intent，nodoubt，onhisownplans，whichwerebeingbroughttoasuccessfultermination。
TheconversationbetweenthePresidentandGeneralSherman，aboutthetermsofsurrendertobeallowedJos。Johnston，continued。
Shermanenergeticallyinsistedthathecouldcommandhisownterms，andthatJohnstonwouldhavetoyieldtohisdemands;butthePresidentwasverydecidedaboutthematter，andinsistedthatthesurrenderofJohnston’sarmymostbeobtainedonanyterms。
GeneralGrantwasevidentlyofthesamewayofthinking，for，althoughhedidnotjoinintheconversationtoanyextent，yethemadenoobjections，andIpresumehadmadeuphismindtoallowthebesttermshimself。
HewasalsoanxiousthatJohnstonshouldnotbedrivenintoRichmond，toreenforcetherebelsthere，who，frombehindtheirstrongintrenohments，wouldhavegivenusincalculabletrouble。
Sherman，asasubordinateofficer，yieldedhisviewstothoseofthePresident，andthetermsofcapitulationbetweenhimselfandJohnstonwereexactlyinaccordancewithMr。Lincoln’swishes。HecouldnothavedoneanythingwhichwouldhavepleasedthePresidentbetter。
Mr。Lincolndid，infact，arrangethe（soconsidered）liberaltermsofferedGeneralJos。Johnston，and，whatevermayhavebeenGeneralSherman’sprivateviews，IfeelsurethatheyieldedtothewishesofthePresidentineveryrespect。ItwasMr。Lincoln’spolicythatwascarriedout，and，hadhelivedlongenough，hewouldhavebeenbuttoogladtohaveacknowledgedit。HadMr。Lincolnlived，SecretaryStantonwouldhaveissuednofalsetelegraphicdispatches，inthehopeofkillingoffanothergeneralintheregulararmy，onewhobyhissuccesshadplacedhimselfinthewayofhisownsuccession。
ThedisbandingofJos。Johnston’sarmywassocomplete，thatthepensandinkusedinthediscussionofthematterwereallwasted。
1twasasserted，bytherabidones，thatGeneralShermanhadgivenupallthatwehadbeenfightingfor，hadconcededeverythingtoJos。Johnston，andhad，astheboyssay，\"knockedthefatintothefire;\"butsoberreflectionsoonoverruledtheseharshexpressions，and，withthosewhoknewGeneralSherman，andappreciatedhim，hewasstillthegreatsoldier，patriot，andgentleman。Infuturetimesthismatterwillbelookedatmorecalmlyanddispassionately。Thebitteranimositiesthathavebeenengenderedduringtherebellionwillhavediedoutforwantoffoodonwhichtolive，andtheverycourseGrant，Sherman，andotherspursued，ingrantingliberaltermstothedefeatedrebels，willbeapplauded。
Thefactis，theymetanoldbeggarintheroad，whosecrutcheshadbrokenfromunderhim:theylethimhaveonlythebrokencrutchestogethomewith！
IsentGeneralShermanbacktoNewbern，NorthCarolina，inthesteamerBat。
Whilehewasabsentfromhiscommandhewaslosingnotime，forbewasgettinghisarmyfullyequippedwithstoresandclothing;and，whenhereturned，hehadarestedandregeneratedarmy，readytoswallowupJos。Johnstonandallhisragamuffins。
Johnstonwascornered，couldnotmovewithoutleavingeverythingbehindhim，andcouldnotgotoRichmondwithoutbringingonafamineinthatdestitutecity。
IwaswithMr。LincolnallthetimehewasatCityPoint，anduntilbeleftforWashington。HewasmorethandelightedwiththesurrenderofLee，andwiththetermsGrantgavetherebelgeneral;
andwouldhavegivenJos。Johnstontwiceasmuch，hadthelatteraskedforit，andcouldbehavebeencertainthattherebelworldhavesurrenderedwithoutafight。Iagainrepeatthat，hadMr。
Lincolnlived，hewouldhaveshoulderedalltheresponsibility。
Onethingiscertain:hadJos。JohnstonescapedandgotintoRichmond，andcausedalargerlistofkilledandwoundedthanwehad，GeneralShermanwouldhavebeenblamed。Thenwhynotgivehimthefullcreditofcapturingonthebesttermstheenemy’slastimportantarmyanditsbestgeneral，andputtinganendtotherebellionItwasafinaleworthyofSherman’sgreatmarchthroughtheswampsanddesertsoftheSouth，amarchnotexcelledbyanythingwereadofinmodernmilitaryhistory。
D。D。PORTER，Vice—Admiral。
（Writtenbytheadmiralin1866，attheUnitedStatesNavalAcademyatAnnapolis，Md。，andmailedtoGeneralShermanatSt。Louis，Mo。）
Assoonaspossible，IarrangedwithGeneralGrantforcertainchangesintheorganizationofmyarmy;andthegeneralalsoundertooktosendtoNorthCarolinasometug—boatandbargestocarrystoresfromNewbernupasfarasKinston，whencetheycouldbehauledinwagonstoourcamps，thusrelievingourrailroadstothatextent。IundertooktobereadytomarchnorthbyApril10th，andthenembarkedonthesteamerBat，CaptainBarnes，forNorthCarolina。WesteameddownJamesRiver，andatOldPointComforttookonboardmybrother，SenatorSherman，andMr。EdwinStanton，sonoftheSecretaryofWar，andproceededatoncetoourdestination。Onourwaydowntheriver，CaptainBarnesexpressedhimselfextremelyobligedtomefortakinghisvessel，asithadrelievedhimofamostpainfuldilemma。HeexplainedthathehadbeendetailedbyAdmiralPortertoescortthePresident’sunarmedboat，theRiverQueen，inwhichcapacityitbecamehisspecialdutytolookafterMrs。Lincoln。ThedaybeforemyarrivalatCityPoint，therehadbeenagrandreviewofapartoftheArmyoftheJames，thencommandedbyGeneralOrd。ThePresidentrodeoutfromCityPointwithGeneralGrantonhorseback，accompaniedbyanumerousstaff，includingCaptainBarnesandMrs。Ord;butMrs。
LincolnandMrs。Granthadfollowedinacarriage。
Thecavalcadereachedthereview—groundsomefiveorsixmilesoutfromCityPoint，foundthetroopsallready，drawnupinline，andaftertheusualpresentationofarms，thePresidentandparty，followedbyMrs。OrdandCaptainBarnesonhorseback，rodethelines，andreturnedtothereviewingstand，whichmeantimehadbeenreachedbyMrs。LincolnandMrs。Grantintheircarriage，whichhadbeendelayedbythedrivertakingawrongroad。Mrs。Lincoln，seeingMrs。OrdandCaptainBarnesridingwiththeretinue，andsupposingthatMrs。Ordhadpersonatedher，turnedonCaptainBarnesandgavehimafearfulscolding;andevenindulgedinsomeprettysharpupbraidingstoMrs。Ord。
ThismadeBarne’spositionveryunpleasant，sothathefeltmuchrelievedwhenhewassentwithmetoNorthCarolina。TheBatwasveryfast，andonthemorningofthe29thwewerenearCapeHatteras;CaptainBarnes，noticingapropellercomingoutofHatterasInlet，madeherturnbackandpilotusin。Weenteredsafely，steamedupPamlicoSoundintoNeuseRiver，andthenextmorning，——byreasonofsomederangementofmachinery，weanchoredaboutsevenmilesbelowNewbern，whencewewentupinCaptainBarnes’sbarge。AssoonaswearrivedatNewbern，ItelegrapheduptoGeneralSchofieldatGoldsboro’thefactofmyreturn，andthatIhadarrangedwithGeneralGrantforthechangesmadenecessaryinthereorganizationofthearmy，andfortheboatsnecessarytocarryuptheprovisionsandstoresweneeded，priortotherenewalofourmarchnorthward。
Thesechangesamountedtoconstitutingtheleftwingadistinctarmy，underthetitleof\"theArmyofGeorgia，\"undercommandofGeneralSlocum，withhistwocorpscommandedbyGeneralJeff。C。
DavisandGeneralJosephA。Mower;theTenthandTwenty—thirdCorpsalreadyconstitutedanotherarmy，\"oftheOhio，\"underthecommandofMajor—GeneralSchofield，andhistwocorpswerecommandedbyGeneralsJ。D。CoxandA。H。Terry。Thesechangeswerenecessary，becausearmycommandersonlycouldordercourts—martial，grantdischarges，andperformmanyothermattersofdisciplineandadministrationwhichwereindispensable;butmychiefpurposewastopreparethewholearmyforwhatseemedamongtheprobabilitiesofthetime——tofightbothLee’sandJohnston’sarmiescombined，incasetheirjunctioncouldbeformedbeforeGeneralGrantcouldpossiblyfollowLeetoNorthCarolina。