10th。Finally,thisgiganticmassofhumanmiserycallsloudlyforrelief,notonlyforthesakeofsufferinghumanity,butalsoonaccountofourownbravesoldiersnowcaptivesinthehandsoftheFederalGovernment。StrictjusticetothegallantmenoftheConfederateArmies,whohavebeenorwhomaybe,sounfortunateastobecompelledtosurrenderinbattle,demandsthattheConfederateGovernmentshouldadoptthatcoursewhichwillbestsecuretheirhealthandcomfortincaptivity;
oratleastleavetheirenemieswithoutashadowofanexcuseforanyviolationoftherulesofcivilizedwarfareinthetreatmentofprisoners。
[EndoftheWitness\'sTestimony。]
Thevariation——frommonthtomonth——oftheproportionofdeathstothewholenumberlivingissingularandinteresting。ItsupportsthetheoryIhaveadvancedabove,asthefollowingfacts,takenfromtheofficialreport,willshow:
InApriloneineverysixteendied。
InMayoneineverytwenty—sixdied。
InJuneoneineverytwenty—twodied。
InJulyoneineveryeighteendied。
InAugustoneineveryelevendied。
InSeptemberoneineverythreedied。
InOctoberoneineverytwodied。
InNovemberoneineverythreedied。
DoesthereaderfullyunderstandthatinSeptemberone—thirdofthoseinthependied,thatinOctoberone—halfoftheremainderperished,andinNovemberone—thirdofthosewhostillsurvived,died？Lethimpauseforamomentandreadthisovercarefullyagain;becauseitsstartlingmagnitudewillhardlydawnuponhimatfirstreading。Itistruethatthefearfullydisproportionatemortalityofthosemonthswaslargelyduetothefactthatitwasmostlythesickthatremainedbehind,buteventhisdiminishesbutlittlethefrightfulnessoftheshowing。Didanyoneeverhearofanepidemicsofatalthatone—thirdofthoseattackedbyitinonemonthdied;one—halfoftheremnantthenextmonth,andone—thirdofthefeebleremainderthenextmonth？Ifhedid,hisreadinghasbeenmuchmoreextensivethanmine。
Thegreatestnumberofdeathsinonedayisreportedtohaveoccurredonthe23dofAugust,whenonehundredandtwenty—sevendied,oronemaneveryelevenminutes。
ThegreatestnumberofprisonersintheStockadeisstatedtohavebeenAugust8,whentherewerethirty—threethousandonehundredandfourteen。
Ihavealwaysimaginedboththesestatementstobeshortofthetruth,becausemyremembranceisthatonedayinAugustIcountedovertwohundreddeadlyinginarow。Asforthegreatestnumberofprisoners,Irememberquitedistinctlystandingbytherationwagonduringthewholetimeofthedeliveryofrations,toseehowmanyprisonerstherereallywereinside。ThatdaytheOneHundredandThirty—ThirdDetachmentwascalled,anditsSergeantcameupanddrewrationsforafulldetachment。
Alltheotherdetachmentswerehabituallykeptfullbyreplacingthosewhodiedwithnewcomers。Aseachdetachmentconsistedoftwohundredandseventymen,onehundredandthirty—threedetachmentswouldmakethirty—fivethousandninehundredandten,exclusiveofthoseinthehospital,andthosedetailedoutsideascooks,clerks,hospitalattendantsandvariousotheremployments——sayfromonetotwothousandmore。
CHAPTERXLIII。
DIFFICULTYOFEXERCISING——EMBARRASSMENTSOFAMORNINGWALK——THERIALTO
OFTHEPRISON——CURSINGTHESOUTHERNCONFEDERACY——THESTORYOFTHEBATTLE
OFSPOTTSYLVANIACOURTHOUSE。
Certainly,innoothergreatcommunity,thateverexisteduponthefaceoftheglobewastheresolittledailyebbandflowasinthis。DullasanordinaryTownorCitymaybe;howevermonotonous,eventless,evenstupidthelivesofitscitizens,thereisyet,nevertheless,afloweverydayofitslife—blood——itspopulationtowardsitsheart,andanebbofthesame,everyeveningtowardsitsextremities。Theserecurringtidesmingleallclassestogetherandpromotethegeneralhealthfulness,astheconstantmotionhitherandyonoftheocean\'swaterspurifyandsweetenthem。
ThelackofthesehelpedvastlytomakethelivingmassinsidetheStockadeahumanDeadSea——orratheraDyingSea——aputrefying,stinkinglake,resolvingitselfintophosphorescentcorruption,likethoserottingsouthernseas,whoseseethingfilthburnsinhideousreds,andghastlygreensandyellows。
Beinglittlecallformotionofanykind,andnoroomtoexercisewhateverwishtheremightbeinthatdirection,verymanysuccumbedunresistinglytotheapathywhichwassostronglyfavoredbydespondencyandtheweaknessinducedbycontinualhunger,andlyingsupinelyonthehotsand,dayinanddayout,speedilybroughtthemselvesintosuchaconditionasinvitedtheattacksofdisease。
Itrequiredbothdeterminationandefforttotakealittlewalkingexercise。ThegroundwassodenselycrowdedwithholesandotherdevicesforshelterthatittookoneatleasttenminutestopickhiswaythroughthenarrowandtortuouslabyrinthwhichservedaspathsforcommunicationbetweendifferentpartsoftheCamp。Stillfurther,therewasnothingtoseeanywhereortoformsufficientinducementforanyonetomakesolaboriousajourney。Onesimplyencounteredateverynewstepthesameunwelcomesightsthathehadjustleft;therewasamonotonyinthemiseryasineverythingelse,andconsequentlythetemptationtositorliestillinone\'sownquartersbecameverygreat。
IusedtomakeitapointtogotosomeoftheremoterpartsoftheStockadeonceeveryday,simplyforexercise。Onecangainsomeideaofthecrowd,andthedifficultyofmakingone\'swaythroughit,whenIsaythatnopointintheprisoncouldbemorethanfifteenhundredfeetfromwhereIstaid,and,hadthewaybeenclear,Icouldhavewalkedthitherandbackinatmostahalfanhour,yetitusuallytookmefromtwotothreehourstomakeoneofthesejourneys。
Thisdailytrip,afewvisitstotheCreektowashallover,afewgamesofchess,attendanceuponrollcall,drawingrations,cookingandeatingthesame,\"lousing\"myfragmentsofclothes,anddoingsomelittledutiesformysickandhelplesscomrades,constitutedthedailyroutineformyself,asformostoftheactiveyouthsintheprison。
TheCreekwasthegreatmeetingpointforallinsidetheStockade。
Allabletowalkwerecertaintobethereatleastonceduringtheday,andwemadeitarendezvous,aplacetoexchangegossip,discussthelatestnews,canvasstheprospectsofexchange,and,mostofall,tocursetheRebels。IndeednoconversationeverprogressedveryfarwithoutbothspeakerandlistenertakingfrequentreststosaybitterthingsastotheRebelsgenerally,andWirz,WinderandDavisinparticular。
Aconversationbetweentwoboys——strangerstoeachotherwhocametotheCreektowashthemselvesortheirclothes,orforsomeotherpurpose,wouldprogressthus:
FirstBoy——\"IbelongtotheSecondCorps,——Hancock\'s,[theArmyofthePotomacboysalwaysmentionedwhatCorpstheybelongedto,wheretheWesternboysstatedtheirRegiment。]TheygotmeatSpottsylvania,whentheywerebuttingtheirheadsagainstourbreast—works,tryingtogetevenwithusforgobblingupJohnsoninthemorning,\"——Hestopssuddenlyandchangestonetosay:\"IhopetoGod,thatwhenourfolksgetRichmond,theywillputoldBenButlerincommandofit,withorderstolimb,skinandjayhawkitworsethanhedidNewOrleans。\"
SecondBoy,（fervently:）\"IwishtoGodhewould,andthathe\'dcatcholdJeff。,andthatgrayheadeddevil,Winder,andtheoldDutchCaptain,strip\'emjustaswewere,put\'eminthispen,withjusttherationstheyaregivin\'us,andsetaguardofplantationniggersover\'em,withorderstoblowtheirwholeinfernalheadsoff,iftheydaredsomuchastolookatthedeadline。\"
FirstBoy——（returningtothestoryofhiscapture。）\"OldHancockcaughttheJohnniesthatmorningtheneatestyoueversawanythinginyourlife。
AfterthetwoarmieshadmurderedeachotherforfourorfivedaysintheWilderness,byfightingsoclosetogetherthatmuchofthetimeyoucouldalmostshakehandswiththeGraybacks,bothhauledoffalittle,andlayandgloweredateachother。Eachsidehadlostabouttwentythousandmeninlearningthatifitattackedtheotheritwouldgetmashedfine。
Soeachbuiltalineofworksandlaybehindthem,andtriedtonagtheotherintocomingoutandattacking。AtSpottsylvaniaourlinesandthoseoftheJohnniesweren\'ttwelvehundredyardsapart。Thegroundwasclearandcleanbetweenthem,andanyforcethatattemptedtocrossittoattackwouldbecuttopieces,assureasanything。Welaidtherethreeorfourdayswatchingeachother——justlikeboysatschool,whoshakefistsanddareeachother。AtoneplacetheRebellineranouttowardsuslikethetopofagreatletter\'A。\'Thenightofthe11thofMayitrainedveryhard,andthencameafogsothickthatyoucouldn\'tseethelengthofacompany。Hancockthoughthe\'dtakeadvantageofthis。
Wewereallturnedoutveryquietlyaboutfouro\'clockinthemorning。
Notabitofnoisewasallowed。Weevenhadtotakeoffourcanteensandtincups,thattheymightnotrattleagainstourbayonets。Thegroundwassowetthatourfootstepscouldn\'tbeheard。Itwasoneofthosedeathly,stillmovements,whenyouthinkyourheartismakingasmuchnoiseasabassdrum。
\"TheJohnniesdidn\'tseemtohavethefaintestsuspicionofwhatwascoming,thoughtheyought,becausewewouldhaveexpectedsuchanattackfromthemifwehadn\'tmadeitourselves。Theirpicketswereoutjustalittlewaysfromtheirworks,andwewerealmostontothembeforetheydiscoveredus。Theyfiredandranback。Atthisweraisedayellanddashedforwardatacharge。Aswepouredovertheworks,theRebelscamedouble—quickinguptodefendthem。WeflankedJohnson\'sDivisionquicker\'nyoucouldsay\'JackRobinson,\'andhadfourthousandof\'eminourgripjustasniceasyouplease。Wesentthemtotherearunderguard,andstartedforthenextlineofRebelworksaboutahalfamileaway。ButwehadnowwakedupthewholeofLee\'sarmy,andtheyallcamestraightforus,likepacksofmadwolves。Ewellstruckusinthecenter;Longstreetletdriveatourleftflank,andHilltackledourright。Wefellbacktotheworkswehadtaken,WarrenandWrightcameuptohelpus,andwehadithotandheavyfortherestofthedayandpartofthenight。TheJohnniesseemedsomadoverwhatwe\'ddonethattheywerehalfcrazy。Theychargedusfivetimes,comingupeverytimejustasiftheyweregoingtoliftusrightoutoftheworkswiththebayonet。
Aboutmidnight,afterthey\'dlostovertenthousandmen,theyseemedtounderstandthatwehadpre—emptedthatpieceofrealestate,anddidn\'tproposetoallowanybodytojumpourclaim,sotheyfellbacksullenliketotheirmainworks。Whentheycameonthelastcharge,ourBrigadierwalkedbehindeachofourregimentsandsaid:
\"Boys,we\'llsend\'embackthistimeforkeeps。Giveitto\'embytheacre,andwhentheybegintowaver,we\'llalljumpovertheworksandgoforthemwiththebayonet。\'
\"Wediditjustthatway。WepouredsuchafireonthemthatthebulletsknockedupthegroundinfrontjustlikeyouhaveseenthedeepdustinaroadinthemiddleofSummerflyupwhenthefirstgreatbigdropsofarainstormstrikeit。Buttheycameon,yellingandswearing,officersinfrontwavingswords,andshouting——allthatbusiness,youknow。Whentheygottoaboutonehundredyardsfromus,theydidnotseemtobecomingsofast,andtherewasagooddealofconfusionamongthem。Thebrigadebuglesounded\"Stopfiring。\"
\"Weallceasedinstantly。Therebelslookedupinastonishment。OurGeneralsangout:
\"Fixbayonets！\'butweknewwhatwascoming,andwerealreadyexecutingtheorder。Youcanimaginethecrashthatrandowntheline,aseveryfellowsnatchedhisbayonetoutandslappeditonthemuzzleofhisgun。
ThentheGeneral\'svoicerangoutlikeabugle:
\"Ready！——FORWARD！CHARGE！\'
\"Wecheeredtilleverythingseemedtosplit,andjumpedovertheworks,almosteverymanatthesameminute。TheJohnniesseemedtohavebeenpuzzledatthestoppageofourfire。Whenweallcamesailingovertheworks,withgunsbroughtright,downwheretheymeantbusiness,theyweresoastonishedforaminutethattheystoodstockstill,notknowingwhethertocomeforus,orrun。Wedidnotallowthemlongtodebate,butwentrighttowardsthemonthedoublequick,withthebayonetslookingawfulsavageandhungry。ItwastoomuchforMr。JohnnyReb\'snerves。Theyallseemedtoaboutface\'atonce,andtheylitoutofthereasiftheyhadbeensentforinahurry。Wechasedafter\'emasfastaswecould,andpickedupjustlotsof\'em。Finallyitbegantoberealfunny。AJohnny\'swindwouldbegintogiveouthe\'dfallbehindhiscomrades;he\'dhearusyellandthinkthatwewererightbehindhim,readytosinkabayonetthroughhim\';he\'dturnaround,throwuphishands,andsingout:
\"Isurrender,mister！Isurrender！\'andfindthatwewereahundredfeetoff,andwouldhavetohaveabayonetaslongasoneofMcClellan\'sgeneralorderstotouchhim。
\"Well,mycompanywastheleftofourregiment,andourregimentwastheleftofthebrigade,andweswungoutaheadofalltherestoftheboys。
InourexcitementofchasingtheJohnnies,wedidn\'tseethatwehadpassedanangleoftheirworks。Aboutthirtyofushadbecomeseparatedfromthecompanyandwerechasingasquadofaboutseventy—fiveoronehundred。Wehadgotupsoclosetothemthatwehollered:
\"Haltthere,now,orwe\'llblowyourheadsoff。\"
\"TheyturnedroundwithIhaltyourselves;you————Yankee————————
\"Welookedaroundatthis,andsawthatwewerenotonehundredfeetawayfromtheangleoftheworks,whichwerefilledwithRebelswaitingforourfellowstogettowheretheycouldhaveagoodflankfireuponthem。
Therewasnothingtodobuttothrowdownourgunsandsurrender,andwehadhardlygoneinsideoftheworks,untiltheJohnniesopenedonourbrigadeanddroveitback。ThisendedthebattleatSpottsylvaniaCourtHouse。\"
SecondBoy（irrelevantly。）\"SomedaytheunderpinningwillflyoutfromundertheSouth,andletitsinkrightintothemiddlekittleo\'hell。\"
FirstBoy（savagely。）\"IonlywishthewholeSouthernConfederacywashangingoverhellbyasinglestring,andIhadaknife。\"
CHAPTERXLIV。
REBELMUSIC——SINGULARLACKOFTHECREATIVEPOWERAMONGTHESOUTHERNERS——
CONTRASTWITHSIMILARPEOPLEELSEWHERE——THEIRFAVORITEMUSIC,ANDWHERE
ITWASBORROWEDFROM——AFIFERWITHONETUNE。
IhavebeforementionedasamongthethingsthatgrewupononewithincreasingacquaintancewiththeRebelsontheirnativeheath,wasastonishmentattheirlackofmechanicalski1landattheirinabilitytograpplewithnumbersandthesimplerprocessesofarithmetic。Anothercharacteristicofthesamenaturewastheirwonderfullackofmusicalability,orofanykindoftunefulcreativeness。
Elsewhere,allovertheworld,peoplelivingundersimilarconditionstotheSouthernersareexceedinglymusical,andweowethegreatmajorityofthesweetestcompositionswhichdelighttheearandsubduethesensestounletteredsong—makersoftheSwissmountains,theTyrolesevalleys,theBavarianHighlands,andtheminstrelsofScotland,IrelandandWales。
ThemusicofEnglish—speakingpeopleisverylargelymadeupofthesecontributionsfromthefolk—songsofdwellersinthewilderandmoremountainouspartsoftheBritishIsles。Onerarelygoesfaroutofthewayinattributingtothissourceanyairthathemayhearthatcaptivateshimwithitsseductiveopulenceofharmony。Exquisitemelodies,limpidandunstrainedasthecarolofabirdinSpring—time,andasplaintiveasthecooingofaturtle—doveseemsasnaturalproductsoftheScottishHighlandsasthegorsewhichblazonsontheirhillsidesinAugust。Debarredfromexpressingtheiraspirationsaspeopleofbroaderculturedo——inpainting,insculpture,inpoetryandprose,thesemountaineersmakesongtheflexibleandreadyinstrumentforthecommunicationofeveryemotionthatsweepsacrosstheirsouls。
Love,hatred,grief,revenge,anger,andespeciallywarseemstotunetheirmindstoharmony,andawakethevoiceofsonginthemhearts。ThebattleswhichtheScotchandIrishfoughttoreplacethelucklessStuartsupontheBritishthrone——thebloodyrebellionsof1715and1745,leftarichlegacyofsweetsong,theoutpouringofloving,passionateloyaltytoawretchedcause;songswhicharetodayesteemedandsungwherevertheEnglishlanguageisspoken,bypeoplewhohavelongsinceforgottenwhatburningfeelingsgavebirthtotheirfavoritemelodies。
ForacenturythebonesofboththePretendershavemolderedinaliensoil;thenamesofJamesEdward,andCharlesEdward,whichwereoncetrumpetblaststorousearmedmen,meanaslittletothemultitudeoftodayasthoseoftheSaxonEthelbert,andDanishHardicanute,yettheworldgoesonsinging——andwillprobablyaslongastheEnglishlanguageisspoken——\"Wha\'llbeKingbutCharlie？\"\"WhenJamieComeHame,\"\"OvertheWatertoCharlie,\"\"CharlieismyDarling,\"\"TheBonnyBlueBonnetsareOvertheBorder,\"\"SaddleYourSteedsandAwa,\"andamyriadotherswhoseinfinitetendernessandmelodynomoderncomposercanequal。
YetthesesameScotchandIrish,thesameJacobiteEnglish,transplantedonaccountoftheirchronicrebelliousnesstothemountainsofVirginia,theCarolinas,andGeorgia,seemtohavelosttheirtunefulness,assomefinesingingbirdsdowhencarriedfromtheirnativeshores。
ThedescendantsofthosewhodrewswordsforJamesandCharlesatPrestonPansandCullodendwellto—dayinthedalesandvalleysoftheAlleganies,astheirfathersdidinthedalesandvalleysoftheGrampians,buttheirvoicesaremute。
AsaruletheSouthernersarefondofmusic。Theyarefondofsingingandlisteningtoold—fashionedballads,mostofwhichhaveneverbeenprinted,buthandeddownfromonegenerationtotheother,likethe\'Volklieder\'ofGermany。Theysingthesewiththewild,fervidimpressivenesscharacteristicoftheballadsingingofunletteredpeople。
Verymanyplaytolerablyontheviolinandbanjo,andoccasionallyoneisfoundwhoseinstrumentationmaybecalledgood。Butabovethishighttheyneversoar。TheonlymusicianproducedbytheSouthofwhomtherestofthecountryhaseverheard,isBlindTom,thenegroidiot。Nocomposer,nosongwriterofanykindhasappearedwithinthebordersofDixie。
Itwasadisappointmenttomethateventhestressofthewar,thepassionandfiercenesswithwhichtheRebelsfeltandfought,couldnotstimulateanyadherentoftheStarsandBarsintotheproductionofasinglelyricworthyintheremotestdegreeofthemagnitudeofthestruggle,andthedepthofthepopularfeeling。WheretwomillionScotch,fightingtorestorethefallenfortunesoftheworsethanworthlessStuarts,filledtheworldwithimmortalmusic,elevenmillionofSoutherners,fightingforwhattheyclaimedtobeindividualfreedomandnationallife,didnotproduceanyoriginalverse,orabarofmusicthattheworldcouldrecognizeassuch。Thisisthefact;andanundeniableone。ItsexplanationImustleavetoableranalyststhanIam。
SearchingforpeculiarcauseswefindbuttwothatmaketheSouthdifferfromtheancestralhomeofthesepeople。ThesetwowereClimateandSlavery。Climaticeffectswillnotaccountforthephenomenon,becauseweseethatthepeasantryofthemountainsofSpainandtheSouthofFranceasignorantasthesepeople,anddwellersinastillmoreenervatingatmosphere—areveryfertileinmusicalcomposition,andtheirsongsaretotheRomaniclanguageswhattheScotchandIrishballadsaretotheEnglish。
ThenitmustbeascribedtotheincubusofSlaveryupontheintellect,whichhasrepressedthisasithasallotherhealthygrowthsintheSouth。Slaveryseemstobenumballthefacultiesexceptthepassions。
Thefactthatthemountaineershadbutfewornoslaves,doesnotseemtobeofimportanceinthecase。Theylivedunderthedeadlyshadowoftheupastree,andsufferedtheconsequencesofitsstuntingtheirdevelopmentinalldirections,astheague—smitteninhabitantoftheRomanCampanafindseverysenseandeverymusclecloggedbythefilteringinoftheinsidiousmiasma。Theydidnotcomposesongsandmusic,becausetheydidnothavetheintellectualenergyforthatwork。
Thenegrosdisplayedallthemusicalcreativenessofthatsection。
Theirwonderfulprolificnessinwild,rudesongs,withstrangelymelodiousairsthatburnedthemselvesintothememory,wasoneofthesalientcharacteristicsofthatdown—troddenrace。LiketheRussianserfs,andthebondmenofallagesandlands,thesongstheymadeandsangallhadanundertoneoftouchingplaintiveness,bornofagesofdumbsuffering。Thethemeswereexceedinglysimple,andtherangeofsubjectslimited。Thejoys,andsorrows,hopesanddespairsoflove\'sgratificationordisappointment,ofstrugglesforfreedom,contestswithmalignpersonsandinfluences,ofrage,hatred,jealousy,revenge,suchasformthemotifsforthemajorityofthepoetryoffreeandstrongraces,werewhollyabsentfromtheirlyrics。Religion,hungerandtoilweretheirmaininspiration。Theysangofthepleasuresofidlinginthegenialsunshine;thedelightsofabundanceoffood;theeternalhappinessthatawaitedthemintheheavenlyfuture,wheretheslave—driverceasedfromtroublingandthewearywereatrest;whereTimerolledaroundinendlesscyclesofdaysspentinbasking,harpinhand,andsilkenclad,ingoldenstreets,underthesofteffulgenceofcloudlessskies,glowingwithwarmthandkindnessemanatingfromtheCreatorhimself。Hadtheirmasterscondescendedtoborrowthemusicoftheslaves,theywouldhavefoundnonewhosesentimentsweresuitablefortheodeofapeopleundergoingthepangsofwhatwashopedtobethebirthofanewnation。
ThethreesongsmostpopularattheSouth,andgenerallyregardedasdistinctivelySouthern,were\"TheBonnieBlueFlag,\"\"Maryland,MyMaryland,\"and\"StonewallJacksonCrossingintoMaryland。\"Thefirstofthesewasthegreatestfavoritebylongodds。Womensang,menwhistled,andtheso—calledmusiciansplayeditwhereverwewent。Whileinthefieldbeforecapture,itwasthecommonestofexperiencestohaveRebelwomensingitatustauntinglyfromthehousethatwepassedornearwhichwestopped。IfevernearenoughaRebelcamp,weweresuretohearitswailingcrescendorisingupontheairfromthelipsorinstrumentsofsomeonemorequarteredthere。AtRichmonditranguponusconstantlyfromsomesourceoranother,andthesamewastruewhereverelsewewentintheso—calledConfederacy。
AllfamiliarwithScotchsongswillreadilyrecognizethenameandairasanoldfriend,andoneofthefierceJacobitemelodiesthatforalongtimedisturbedthetranquilityoftheBrunswickfamilyontheEnglishthrone。ThenewwordssuppliedbytheRebelsarethemerestdoggerel,andfitthemusicaspoorlyastheunchangednameofthesongfittedtoitsnewuse。TheflagoftheRebellionwasnotabonnieblueone;buthadquiteasmuchredandwhiteasazure。Itdidnothaveasinglestar,butthirteen。
Nearinpopularitywas\"Maryland,MyMaryland。\"TheversificationofthiswasofamuchhigherOrder,beingfairlyrespectable。Theairisold,andafamiliaronetoallcollegestudents,andbelongstooneofthemostcommonofGermanhouseholdsongs:
O,Tannenbaum！O,Tannenbaum,wietrusinddeineBlatter！
DagruenstnichtnurzurSommerseit,Nein,auchinWinter,whenesSchneit,etc。
whichLongfellowhasfinelytranslated,O,hemlocktree！O,hemlocktree！howfaithfularethybranches！
GreennotaloneinSummertime,ButintheWinter\'sfloatandrime。
O,hemlocktreeO,hemlocktree！howfaithfularethybranches。etc。
TheRebelversionran:
MARYLAND。
Thedespot\'sheelisonthyshore,Maryland！
Histouchisatthytempledoor,Maryland！
AvengethepatrioticgoreThatfleckedthestreetsofBaltimore,Andbethebattlequeenofyore,Maryland！MyMaryland！
Harktothewand\'ringson\'sappeal,Maryland！
MymotherState,totheeIkneel,Maryland！
Forlifeanddeath,forwoeandweal,Thypeerlesschivalryreveal,Andgirdthybeauteouslimbswithsteel,Maryland！MyMaryland！
Thouwiltnotcowerintheduet,Maryland！
ThybeamingswordshallneverrustMaryland！
RememberCarroll\'ssacredtrust,RememberHoward\'swarlikethrust——
Andallthyslumbererswiththejust,Maryland！MyMaryland！
Come！\'tisthereddawnoftheday,Maryland！
Come！withthypanopliedarray,Maryland！
WithRinggold\'sspiritforthefray,WithWatson\'sbloodatMonterey,WithfearlessLoweanddashingMay,Maryland！MyMaryland！
Cometforthyshieldisbrightandstrong,Maryland！
Come！forthydalliancedoestheewrong,Maryland！
Come！tothinsownheroicthrong,ThatstalkswithLibertyalong,AndgiveanewKeytothysong,Maryland！MyMaryland！
DearMother！burstthetyrant\'schain,Maryland！
Virginiashouldnotcallinvain,Maryland！
Shemeetshersistersontheplain——
\'Sicsemper\"\'tistheproudrefrain,Thatbafflesmillionsbackamain,Maryland！
Arise,inmajestyagain,Maryland！MyMaryland！
Iseetheblushuponthycheek,Maryland！
Butthouwasteverbravelymeek,Maryland！
Butlo！theresurgesforthashriekFromhilltohill,fromcreektocreek——
PotomaccallstoChesapeake,Maryland！MyMaryland！
Thouwiltnotyieldthevandaltoll。
Maryland！
Thouwiltnotcrooktohiscontrol,Maryland！
Betterthefireupontheeroll,Bettertheblade,theshot,thebowl,Thancrucifixionofthesoul,Maryland！MyMaryland！
IhearthedistantThunderhem,Maryland！
TheOldLine\'sbugle,fife,anddrum。
Maryland！
Sheisnotdead,nordeaf,nordumb——
Hnzza！shespurnstheNorthernscum！
Shebreathes——sheburns！she\'llcome！she\'llcome！
Maryland！MyMaryland！
\"StonewallJacksonCrossingintoMaryland,\"wasanothertravesty,ofaboutthesameliterarymerit,orratherdemerit,as\"TheBonnieBlueFlag。\"Itsairwasthatofthewell—knownandpopularnegrominstrelsong,\"BillyPatterson。\"Forallthat,itsoundedverymartialandstirringwhenplayedbyabrassband。
Weheardthesesongswithtiresomeiteration,dailyandnightly,duringourstayintheSouthernConfederacy。Someoneoftheguardsseemedtobeperpetuallybeguilingthewearinessofhiswatchbysinginginallkeys,ineverysortofavoice,andwiththewildestlatitudeastoairandtime。Theybecamesoterriblyirritatingtous,thattothisdaytheremembranceofthosesoul—laceratinglyricsabideswithmeasoneofthechiefoftheminortormentsofoursituation。Theywere,infact,nearlyasbadasthelice。
Werevengedourselvesasbestwecouldbyconstructingfearfullywicked,obsceneandinsultingparodiesonthese,andbysingingthemwithirritatingeffusivenessinthehearingoftheguardswhowereinflictingthesenuisancesuponus。
Ofthesamenaturewasthegarrisonmusic。Onefife,playedbyanasthmaticoldfellowwhosebreathingswerenearlyasaudibleashisnotes,andonerheumaticdrummer,constitutedtheentirebandforthepost。Thefiferactuallyknewbutonetune\"TheBonnieBlueFlag\"——
anddidnotknowthatwell。Butitwasallthathehad,andheplayeditwithwearisomemonotonyforeverycampcall——fiveorsixtimesaday,andsevendaysintheweek。Hecalledusupinthemorningwithitforareveille;hesoundedthe\"rollcall\"and\"drillcall,\"breakfast,dinnerandsupperwithit,andfinallysentustobed,withthesamedrearywailthathadrunginourearsallday。IneverhatedanypieceofmusicasI
cametohatethatthrenodyoftreason。Itwouldhavebeensuchareliefifthe,oldasthmaticwhoplayeditcouldhavebeeninducedtolearnanothertunetoplayonSundays,andgiveusonedayofrest。Hedidnot,butdesecratedtheLord\'sDaybyplayingasvilelyasontherestoftheweek。TheRebelswerefullyconsciousoftheirmusicaldeficiencies,andmaderepeatedbutunsuccessfulattemptstoinducethemusiciansamongtheprisonerstocomeoutsideandformaband。
CHAPTERXLV
AUGUST——NEEDLESSTUCKINPUMPKINSEEDS——SOMEPHENOMENAOFSTARVATION——
RIOTINGINREMEMBEREDLUXURIES。
\"Illinoy,\"saidtall,gauntJackNorth,oftheOneHundredandFourteenthIllinois,tome,oneday,aswesatcontemplatingournaked,andsadlyattenuatedunderpinning;\"whatdoourlegsandfeetmostlookmostlike？\"
\"Giveitup,Jack,\"saidI。
\"Why——darningneedlesstuckinpumpkinseeds,ofcourse。\"Ineverheardabettercomparisonforourwastedlimbs。
Theeffectsofthegreatbodilyemaciationweresometimesverystartling。
Boysofafleshyhabitwouldchangesoinafewweeksastoloseallresemblancetotheirformerselves,andcomradeswhocameintoprisonlaterwouldutterlyfailtorecognizethem。Mostfatmen,asmostlargemen,diedinalittlewhileafterentering,thoughtherewereexceptions。
Oneofthesewasaboyofmyowncompany,namedGeorgeHillicks。Georgehadshotupwithinafewyearstooversixfeetinhight,andthen,assuchboysoccasionallydo,had,afterenlistingwithus,takenonsuchadevelopmentoffleshthatwenicknamedhimthe\"Giant,\"andhebecameaprettygoodloadforeventhestrongesthorse。GeorgeheldhisfleshthroughBelleIsle,andtheearlierweeksinAndersonville,butJune,July,andAugust\"fetchedhim,\"astheboyssaid。HeseemedtomeltawaylikeanicicleonaSpringday,andhegrewsothinthathishightseemedpreternatural。Wecalledhim\"Flagstaff,\"andcrackedallsortsofjokesaboutputtinganinsulatoronhishead,andsettinghimupforatelegraphpole,braidinghislegsandusinghimforawhiplash,lettinghishairgrowalittlelonger,andtradinghimofftotheRebelsforaspongeandstafffortheartillery,etc。Weallexpectedhimtodie,andlookedcontinuallyforthedevelopmentofthefatalscurvysymptoms,whichweretosealhisdoom。Butheworriedthrough,andcameoutatlastingoodshape,ahappyresultdueasmuchastoanythingelsetohishavinginChesterHayward,ofPrairieCity,Ill。,——oneofthemostdevotedchumsIeverknew。ChesternursedandlookedoutforGeorgewithwife—likefidelity,andhadhisrewardinbringinghimsafethroughourlines。TherewerethousandsofinstancesofthisgenerousdevotiontoeachotherbychumsinAndersonville,andIknowofnothingthatreflectsanymorecredituponourboysoldiers。