The Spirit of Laws

第41章

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第41章

The Spirit of Laws Baron Charles De Secondat Mont

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The Spirit of Laws
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  WhiletheStoicslookeduponriches,humangrandeur,grief,disquietudes,andpleasuresasvanity,theywereentirelyemployedinlabouringforthehappinessofmankind,andinexercisingthedutiesofsociety。Itseemsasiftheyregardedthatsacredspirit,whichtheybelievedtodwellwithinthem,asakindoffavourableprovidencewatchfuloverthehumanrace。

  Bornforsociety,theyallbelievedthatitwastheirdestinytolabourforit;withsomuchthelessfatigue,theirrewardswereallwithinthemselves。Happybytheirphilosophyalone,itseemedasifonlythehappinessofotherscouldincreasetheirs。

  11。OfContemplation。Menbeingmadetopreserve,tonourish,toclothethemselves,anddoalltheactionsofsociety,religionoughtnottogivethemtoocontemplativealife。[7]

  TheMahometansbecomespeculativebyhabit;theyprayfivetimesaday,andeachtimetheyareobligedtocastbehindthemeverythingwhichhasanyconcernwiththisworld:thisformsthemforspeculation。Addtothisthatindifferenceforallthingswhichisinspiredbythedoctrineofunalterablefate。

  Ifothercausesbesidestheseconcurtodisengagetheiraffections;forinstance,iftheseverityofthegovernment,ifthelawsconcerningthepropertyofland,givethemaprecariousspirit——allislost。

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