The Spirit of Laws

第31章

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第31章

The Spirit of Laws Baron Charles De Secondat Mont

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The Spirit of Laws
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  Fugitivesfoundthereaplaceofsafety。Itwasnecessarythattheyshouldsubsist;theydrew,therefore,theirsubsistencefromallpartsoftheworld。

  6。SomeEffectsofanextensiveNavigation。Itsometimeshappensthatanation,whenengagedinaneconomicalcommerce,havingneedofthemerchandiseofonecountry,whichservesasacapitalorstockforprocuringthecommoditiesofanother,issatisfiedwithmakingverylittleprofit,andfrequentlynoneatall,intradingwiththeformer,inexpectationofgaininggreatlybythelatter。Thus,whentheDutchwerealmosttheonlynationthatcarriedonthetradefromthesouthtothenorthofEurope;theFrenchwineswhichtheyimportedtothenorthwereinsomemeasureonlyacapitalorstockforconductingtheircommerceinthatpartoftheworld。

  ItisaknownfactthattherearesomekindsofmerchandiseinHollandwhich,thoughimportedfromafar,sellforverylittlemorethantheycostuponthespot。Theyaccountforitthus:acaptainwhohasoccasiontoballasthisshipwillloaditwithmarble;ifhewantswoodforstowage,hewillbuyit;and,providedhelosesnothingbythebargain,hewillthinkhimselfagainer。ThusitisthatHollandhasitsquarriesanditsforests。

  Further,itmayhappensothatnotonlyacommercewhichbringsinnothingshallbeuseful,butevenalosingtradeshallbebeneficial。I

  havehearditaffirmedinHollandthatthewhalefisheryingeneraldoesnotanswertheexpense;butitmustbeobservedthatthepersonsemployedinbuildingtheships,asalsothosewhofurnishtheriggingandprovisions,arejointlyconcernedinthefishery。Shouldtheyhappentoloseinthevoyage,theyhavehadaprofitinfittingoutthevessel。

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