THE REPUBLIC

第21章

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第21章

THE REPUBLIC Plato

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THE REPUBLIC
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  Anddoyounotknowalsothatalthoughtheymakeuseofthevisibleformsandreasonaboutthem,theyarethinkingnotofthese,butoftheidealswhichtheyresemble;notofthefigureswhichtheydraw,butoftheabsolutesquareandtheabsolutediameter,andsoon——theformswhichtheydrawormake,andwhichhaveshadowsandreflectionsinwateroftheirown,areconvertedbythemintoimages,buttheyarereallyseekingtobeholdthethingsthemselves,whichcanonlybeseenwiththeeyeofthemind?

  Thatistrue。

  AndofthiskindIspokeastheintelligible,althoughinthesearchafteritthesouliscompelledtousehypotheses;notascendingtoafirstprinciple,becausesheisunabletoriseabovetheregionofhypothesis,butemployingtheobjectsofwhichtheshadowsbelowareresemblancesintheirturnasimages,theyhavinginrelationtotheshadowsandreflectionsofthemagreaterdistinctness,andthereforeahighervalue。

  Iunderstand,hesaid,thatyouarespeakingoftheprovinceofgeometryandthesisterarts。

  AndwhenIspeakoftheotherdivisionoftheintelligible,youwillunderstandmetospeakofthatothersortofknowledgewhichreasonherselfattainsbythepowerofdialectic,usingthehypothesesnotasfirstprinciples,butonlyashypotheses——thatistosay,asstepsandpointsofdepartureintoaworldwhichisabovehypotheses,inorderthatshemaysoarbeyondthemtothefirstprincipleofthewhole;andclingingtothisandthentothatwhichdependsonthis,bysuccessivestepsshedescendsagainwithouttheaidofanysensibleobject,fromideas,throughideas,andinideassheends。

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