ON THE GENERATION OF ANIMALS

第3章

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第3章

ON THE GENERATION OF ANIMALS Aristotle

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ON THE GENERATION OF ANIMALS
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  Ithasbeensettled,then,inwhatsensetheembryoandthesemenhavesoul,andinwhatsensetheyhavenot;theyhaveitpotentiallybutnotactually。

  Nowsemenisasecretionandismovedwiththesamemovementasthatinvirtueofwhichthebodyincreases(thisincreasebeingduetosubdivisionofthenutrimentinitslaststage)。Whenithasenteredtheuterusitputsintoformthecorrespondingsecretionofthefemaleandmovesitwiththesamemovementwherewithitismoveditself。Forthefemale’scontributionalsoisasecretion,andhasalltheartsinitpotentiallythoughnoneofthemactually;ithasinitpotentiallyeventhosepartswhichdifferentiatethefemalefromthemale,forjustastheyoungofmutilatedparentsaresometimesbornmutilatedandsometimesnot,soalsotheyoungbornofafemalearesometimesfemaleandsometimesmaleinstead。Forthefemaleis,asitwere,amutilatedmale,andthecatameniaaresemen,onlynotpure;

  forthereisonlyonethingtheyhavenotinthem,theprincipleofsoul。Forthisreason,wheneverawind—eggisproducedbyanyanimal,theeggsoforminghasinitthepartsofbothsexespotentially,buthasnottheprincipleinquestion,sothatitdoesnotdevelopintoalivingcreature,forthisisintroducedbythesemenofthemale。Whensuchaprinciplehasbenimpartedtothesecretionofthefemaleitbecomesanembryo。

  Liquidbutcorporealsubstancesbecomesurroundedbysomekindofcoveringonheating,likethesolidscumwhichformsonboiledfoodswhencooling。Allbodiesareheldtogetherbytheglutinous;thisquality,astheembryodevelopsandincreasesinsize,isacquiredbythesinewysubstance,whichholdstogetherthepartsofanimals,beingactualsinewinsomeanditsanalogueinothers。Tothesameclassbelongalsoskin,blood—vessels,membranes,andthelike,forthesedifferinbeingmoreorlessglutinousandgenerallyinexcessanddeficiency。

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