TOPICS

第7章

试读中

第7章

TOPICS Aristotle

后面的故事,去 App 接着看,下载后搜索书名即可继续阅读。

TOPICS
阅读主题
字体大小

  Moreover,trytosecureadmissionsbymeansoflikeness:forsuchadmissionsareplausible,andtheuniversalinvolvedislesspatent;

  e。g。maketheotherpersonadmitthatasknowledgeandignoranceofcontrariesisthesame,sotooperceptionofcontrariesisthesame;

  orviceversa,thatsincetheperceptionisthesame,soistheknowledgealso。Thisargumentresemblesinduction,butisnotthesamething;forininductionitistheuniversalwhoseadmissionissecuredfromtheparticulars,whereasinargumentsfromlikeness,whatissecuredisnottheuniversalunderwhichallthelikecasesfall。

  Itisagoodrulealso,occasionallytobringanobjectionagainstoneself:foranswerersareputofftheirguardagainstthosewhoappeartobearguingimpartially。Itisusefultoo,toaddthat’Soandsoisgenerallyheldorcommonlysaid’;forpeopleareshyofupsettingthereceivedopinionunlesstheyhavesomepositiveobjectiontourge:andatthesametimetheyarecautiousaboutupsettingsuchthingsbecausetheythemselvestoofindthemuseful。

  Moreover,donotbeinsistent,eventhoughyoureallyrequirethepoint:forinsistencealwaysarousesthemoreopposition。Further,formulateyourpremissasthoughitwereamereillustration:forpeopleadmitthemorereadilyapropositionmadetoservesomeotherpurpose,andnotrequiredonitsownaccount。Moreover,donotformulatetheverypropositionyouneedtosecure,butrathersomethingfromwhichthatnecessarilyfollows:forpeoplearemorewillingtoadmitthelatter,becauseitisnotsoclearfromthiswhattheresultwillbe,andiftheonehasbeensecured,theotherhasbeensecuredalso。Again,oneshouldputlastthepointwhichonemostwishestohaveconceded;forpeoplearespeciallyinclinedtodenythefirstquestionsputtothem,becausemostpeopleinaskingquestionsputfirstthepointswhichtheyaremosteagertosecure。Ontheotherhand,indealingwithsomepeoplepropositionsofthissortshouldbeputforwardfirst:forill—temperedmenadmitmostreadilywhatcomesfirst,unlesstheconclusionthatwillresultactuallystaresthemintheface,whileatthecloseofanargumenttheyshowtheirill—temper。Likewisealsowiththosewhoconsiderthemselvessmartatanswering:forwhentheyhaveadmittedmostofwhatyouwanttheyfinallytalkclap—traptotheeffectthattheconclusiondoesnotfollowfromtheiradmissions:yettheysay’Yes’readily,confidentintheirowncharacter,andimaginingthattheycannotsufferanyreverse。Moreover,itiswelltoexpandtheargumentandinsertthingsthatitdoesnotrequireatall,asdothosewhodrawfalsegeometricalfigures:forinthemultitudeofdetailsthewhereaboutsofthefallacyisobscured。Forthisreasonalsoaquestionersometimesevadesobservationasheaddsinacornerwhat,ifheformulateditbyitself,wouldnotbegranted。

后续内容在 App 继续看

精彩内容未完,打开 App 继续阅读

后面的故事已为你准备好,下载 App 后搜索“TOPICS”即可继续阅读这一章。