Chapter9
OftheInterestofMoneyanditsCausesJustasthepricesofthingsarefixedinthealtercationsofthemarketbythequantityofthingsofferedforsaleinproportiontothequantityofmoneyofferedforthem，or，whatcomestothesamething，bytheproportionatenumberofsellersandbuyers，sointhesamewaytheinterestofmoneyinastateissettledbytheproportionatenumberoflendersandborrowers。
Thoughmoneypassesforapledgeinexchangeitdoesnotmultiplyitselforbegetaninterestinsimplecirculation。Theneedsofmanseemtohaveintroducedtheusageofinterest。Amanwholendshismoneyongoodsecurityoronmortgagerunsatleasttheriskoftheillwilloftheborrower，orofexpenses，lawsuitsandlosses。Butwhenhelendswithoutsecurityherunstheriskoflosingeverything。Forthisreasonneedymenmustinthebeginninghavetemptedlendersbythebaitofaprofit。Andthisprofitmusthavebeenproportionatetotheneedsoftheborrowersandthefearandavariceofthelenders。Thisseemstometheoriginofinterest。ButitsconstantusageinstatesseemsbasedupontheprofitswhichtheUndertakerscanmakeoutofit。
Thelandnaturallyproduces，aidedbyhumanlabour，4，10，20，50，100，150timestheamountofcornsownuponit，accordingtothefertilityofthesoilandtheindustryoftheinhabitants。
Itmultipliesfruitsandcattle。Thefarmerwhoconductstheworkingofithasgenerallytwothirdsoftheproduce，onethirdpayshisexpensesandupkeep，theotherremainsfortheprofitofhisenterprise。